Domestic Institutions Research Articles

International Trade Liberalization and Domestic Institutional Reform: Effects of WTO Accession on Chinese Internal Migration Policy

Abstract Economic institutions that impede factor mobility become more costly when an economy experiences substantial transitions such as trade liberalization. I study how trade triggers changes in labor institutions that regulate internal migration in the context of China’s Hukou system. Using a newly collected dataset on prefecture-level migration policies, I document an increase in promigrant regulations following WTO entry and estimate the impact of prefecture-level tariffs on exports on migration regulations from 2001 to 2007. I find that regions facing more export market liberalization enacted more migrant-friendly regulations.

PROCESS OF UKRAINE'S FINANCIAL SECTOR INSTUTIONALIZATION AND ROLE OF CORPORATE SECURITIES MARKET

This article deals with the characteristics of the institutionalization process of the financial sector in Ukraine and the role of the corporate securities market in it. It is determined that the modern domestic financial sector is characterized by significant institutional imbalances, primarily due to the insufficient effectiveness of state policy in this area. For many years, banks have been the key players in the domestic financial sector, which significantly reduced the level of financial inclusion. The development of non-banking financial institutions has been fragmentary, significantly undermining public trust in the financial sector. In particular, this concerns the activities of credit unions in Ukraine, where the market volumes of private pension provision have been minimal for a long time. Some existing institutional imbalances were overcome through the rapid digitalization of certain segments of the financial market, but the overall level of financial inclusion remains low. The process of institutionalization of the domestic financial market occurred against the background of the weakness of the corporate securities market. The article notes that this situation was a consequence of the lack of interest from joint-stock companies in market methods of capital attraction. Along with this, domestic financial institutions are not interested in investing in corporate securities. Thus, the reluctance of public corporations to place their securities on the market coincides with a peculiar investment strategy of financial institutions. As a result, the volumes of the primary corporate securities market in Ukraine are minimal (especially in the stock market), and government securities dominate the secondary market for a long time. This situation poses a series of threats to Ukraine's economic development and requires appropriate actions from the state aimed at the activation of the corporate securities market. It can now be stated that domestic public corporations are non-competitive in the global financial space, which destructively affects their market positions.

국내 의료기관 해외진출 의도 결정요인에 관한 연구

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to identify factors influencing overseas expansion from various perspectives through prior research, and to identify the impact of sub-factors on the intention of the overseas expansion of medical institutions. Design/Methodology/Approach - In this study, factors influencing overseas expansion were classified into a resource-based view, an industrial organization view, and view of CEO characteristics, and were empirically identified through multiple regression analysis. Findings - As a result of analyzing the intention of domestic medical institutions to advance overseas, it was confirmed that in resource planning from a resource-based perspective, a department dedicated to overseas expansion had a positive (+) effect, market size and government support policies had a positive (+) effect from an industrial organization perspective, and experience and entrepreneurship from a managerial perspective . Research Implications - The overseas expansion of medical institutions has many different parts in the export and overseas expansion direction of general companies. In the public medical field of health and medical care, the overseas expansion of medical institutions has a strong aspect of profit generation, and the number of medical institutions interested in overseas expansion is inevitably small due to environmental uncertainty. In this respect, the results of this study, which analyzed the impact on the intention to advance into medical institutions, can be used in terms of creating an ecosystem for the overseas expansion of medical institutions by the government and supporting institutions.

Подготовка и развитие стратегических талантов в Кузбассе

Talent development is a strategic priority of talent management. It engages youth in the implementation of various strategies at different levels. The Kemerovo Region (Kuzbass) has created an entire ecosystem that raises young strategists. Kuzbass Governor Sergei Tsivilev set up the Department or Regional and Industrial Strategizing. Its goal is to promote the strategic guidelines stipulated in long-term plans of regional development, as well as to provide the region with strategic human resources. The Department is a joint project between the Lomonosov Moscow State University and the Kemerovo State University. The cooperation agreement was signed on November 7, 2019. In 2020, the Kemerovo State University launched a Master’s Degree program in Economic and Financial Strategy. Along with the Moscow State University and The National University of Science and Technology (MISiS), the Kemerovo State University became one of the three domestic institutions that were the first to start training specialists in strategizing. Professor Vladimir Kvint’s School of Young Strategists is an international academic project that identifies strategically gifted children and develops their strategic thinking. The Kemerovo Region is the current leader in the number of schools that participate in Vladimir Kvint’s School of Young Strategists.

Institutional investor stewardship and material sustainability information: Evidence from Taiwan

Institutional investors generally promote better sustainability disclosure and performance quality, which emphasize environment, social, and governance (ESG) development. Utilizing the SASB standards that improve the financial materiality of sustainability information, we find that institutional investors in Taiwan foster both material and immaterial ESG disclosure and performance. Thus, institutional investors seem to target the common good and follow the stewardship code instead of focusing only on ESG performance that closely relates to firm value. Our findings are driven by domestic rather than foreign institutional investors, suggesting that domestic institutions enjoy some information advantage and therefore drive ESG improvements more efficiently.

Characteristics of factor V and protein C based on results from Korean testing centers.

The global incidence of thrombosis is increasing. However, research on thrombosis in the context of Korea is scarce. We aimed to analyze the relationship between factor V and protein C test results and thrombosis in Koreans through a domestic commissioned testing institution conducting mass examinations. Results of factor V and protein C tests of 1386 individuals referred simultaneously to EONE Laboratories (Incheon, Republic of Korea) from January 2017 to July 2023 were analyzed retrospectively to identify the association with thrombotic disease. The tests were performed using a STAR MAX (Diagnostica Stago, Asnieres, France) automatic blood coagulation analyzer. The results were analyzed by age and sex. The inspection rate increased gradually from 2017 to 2022. Women (70.0%) demonstrated a higher test rate than did men (30.0%). Young women reported high test rates; the test rate and age distribution differed by sex. Women aged between 20 and 49 years reported lower factor V and higher protein C concentrations than did men between 20 and 49 years of age. The tests were more commonly performed in women than in men. Women aged between 20 and 49 years reported lower factor V concentrations and higher protein C concentrations than men between 20 and 49 years of age. This study will facilitate recognizing and preventing thrombotic diseases in women.

The Role and Relevance of Foreign Universities in Making Indian Higher Education Internationally Empowered

In the contemporary knowledge economy, providing sufficient access to diverse and globally competitive higher education institutions for the younger generation is a critical responsibility of the state. However, given India's vast population, it is not feasible for the government alone to meet the immediate demand for higher education opportunities for all eligible individuals. While the domestic private sector can complement government initiatives in offering higher education, the presence of foreign educational institutions is vital for demonstrating esteemed educational practices in developing countries like India. The entry of foreign universities can enable domestic institutions to seek and adopt new pedagogical strategies and research practices, thereby elevating the overall quality of the higher education sector. This proposed study examines the role and relevance of foreign universities in empowering Indian higher education to achieve international standards. The study is more qualitative in nature as it reflects the public's concerns over the role and relevance of foreign universities in the country. Through a comprehensive review of relevant literature, the study aims to identify existing research gaps. The present paper is an investigation of the diverse ways in which the establishment of foreign universities here can contribute to the smooth and speedy enhancement of Indian higher education to consistently compete internationally.

Globalization in The Banking Sector of The Western Balkans: A Panel Data Review

Introduction: The current paper will provide an overview of the influence of economic globalization and the transnational structure of the banking sector in the Western Balkans (WB), a region where banks play a crucial economic and social role. Method: The methodology employed incorporates regressive panel data derived from secondary data acquired between 2019 and 2024. Results: The findings revealed that of the five commercial banks (n=5) experiencing a cross-border profile, the most powerful in terms of total assets, loans, and financial credibility were those with European Union (EU) investments rather than domestic institutions. Conclusions: Given the current outcomes, it is recommended that policy and monetary practices prioritize enhancing attempts to attract foreign investment while simultaneously strengthening domestic banking capacities to become increasingly competitive and interconnected.

Do Political Institutions Influence the Dismantling of Fossil Fuel Subsidies? Lessons from the OECD Countries and a Comparative Analysis of Canadian and German Production Subsidies

Despite a global consensus that fossil fuel subsidies should be reformed, limited progress has been made. The study assesses whether domestic political institutions insulating politicians from backlash and compensating those affected by reforms make subsidies easier to dismantle. It was found that proportional representation and corporatism were correlated with lower levels of fossil fuel subsidies in OECD countries. A comparative case study of coal production subsidies in Germany and gas production subsidies in Canada suggests that political insulation and compensation contributed towards the dismantling of fossil fuel subsidies. The findings provide an understanding of the impact of corporatism and electoral systems on reform.

Machine Learning Based Automated Trading Strategies for Indian Stock Market

Stock market is a very important and one of the main financial platforms for a country. It measures the growth of all financial components associated with the base of economy. Firms can raise capital through bonds, IPO, FPO etc. and investors can participate in this market. Different stock exchanges are regulatory bodies are responsible to regulate the system and provides the platform to the investors for the participation into market. In India investors participating in this marketplace over than 10 crores demat accounts. Investors analyses the fundamental, technical, price action and different research on the financial parameters of market or stocks before investing. This Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence based proposed research provides an automated platform for the Indian investors to take decision about a strategy considering the different financial tools and price action. This research considering candlestick pattern and Exponential moving average (EMA) (10,50,100 and 200 EMAs) crossover together. Now a days large portfolio investors and different international financial intuitions such as Morgan Stanley, JP Morgan, Bank of America and the different domestic institutions such as LIC, SBI, HDFC mutual fund using different algo trading strategies for trading and investing.

Zeitenwende, Europe and Germany’s Culture of Restraint

ABSTRACT Since Russia invaded Ukraine in February 2022, German foreign and security policy has been under intense pressure to adapt to a much more threatening geopolitical setting. Notwithstanding the leadership’s decision to embrace change, the crisis has exposed some persistence in Germany’s antecedent ‘civilian power’ paradigm, or culture of restraint. A culturalist analytical approach finds that durable historical and ideational factors in identity formation, the embeddedness of foreign policy in domestic institutions and the close association of European integration with the core tenets of Germany’s identity constrain its capacity to act decisively and without equivocation, even under dramatically changed circumstances summarised in the concept of Zeitenwende.

Factors Associated With Support for COVID-19 Travel Bans: The Role of Health Beliefs and Multilevel Institutional Trust

This study examined whether the Health Belief Model and the heuristic of multilevel institutional trust would help explain U.S. residents’ support for travel bans on foreigners during the COVID-19 pandemic. Analysis of data collected from two nationwide online surveys conducted in 2020 ( n = 511 fielded between March 19 and March 27; n = 472 fielded between April 30 and May 13) suggested that support for this policy was associated with individual differences in risk and benefit perceptions, the presence of interpersonal cues, and trust in domestic and foreign institutions. Efforts to promote or resist international travel restrictions during a pandemic may benefit from accounting for these differences.

유아교사의 아동기 애착 경험이 유아-교사 관계에 미치는 영향

Purpose: This study investigated attachment experiences in childhood, psychological flexibility, and the level of preschooler-teacher relationships of early childhood teachers, and analyzed the effect of childhood attachment experiences on preschooler-teacher relationships based on verifying the mediating effect of psychological flexibility.
 Methods: A survey was conducted with 274 homeroom teachers in charge of infants aged three to five at a domestic Early Childhood Education institution. The collected data were calculated using the SPSS version 26.0 to calculate the mean and standard deviation. Pearson's correlation analysis was conducted to examine relations among the variables. Mediating effects were tested with Model 4 of the PROCESS macro for SPSS version 4.1.
 Results: First, the childhood attachment experiences of Early Childhood teachers, psychological flexibility, and the level of preschooler-teacher relationships were all above the middle range. Second, psychological flexibility partially mediated the influence of childhood attachment experiences of Early Childhood teachers on preschooler-teacher relationships.
 Conclusion: This research provides basic data on childhood attachment experiences, psychological flexibility, and the preschooler-teacher relationships of Early Childhood teachers and reveals a high positive influence relationship between these variables. This reveals that Early Childhood teachers need to mentally and institutionally support Early Childhood teachers in order to improve their childhood attachment experiences, psychological flexibility, and move preschooler-teacher relationships to a higher level.

Nuclear weapons and interstate conflict behavior: The moderating influence of civil–military relations

Do nuclear weapons deter aggression or make states more likely to engage in conflict? I argue that we can explain whether and when nuclear capabilities increase state belligerence by examining the role of domestic institutions that shape state security policy. This study provides evidence that nuclear weapons have an emboldening effect on conflict initiation by elevating state capacity but that whether this emboldening translates into higher levels of belligerence depends on the extent to which civilians (relative to the military) control the state, an important dimension of state decision-making. Results provide suggestive evidence in support of my argument. I illustrate this mechanism using the case of Pakistan (1972–2010).

Умови здобуття вищої освіти із застосуванням дуальної форми навчання

The article emphasises the relevance of introduction and didactic potential of the dual form of higher education.The purpose of the article is to identify and substantiate the main conditions that will ensure the productive use of the dual form of higher education in domestic higher education institutions. The study uses the methods of comparison, analysis, synthesis, generalisation, formalisation, induction, and deduction.In substantiating the conditions for introducing dual learning, the tasks of the dual form of professional undergraduate and graduate education, formulated in the Regulation on the dual form of professional undergraduate and graduate education, served as a guide.The study describes the main conditions for the application of the dual form of higher education: publicity of training in the dual form of higher education, availability of modern material and technical base and qualified human resources of the employer, modernisation of the content and methods of teaching higher education students, organisational and managerial regulation of the subjects` activities of the dual educational process, constructive communication of the subjects of dual education. They relate to such components of the dual form of higher education as a two-component educational environment, training content, three-subjectivity of dual learning, teaching and learning with the use of the dual form of higher education.The multivectorality of the main conditions for the implementation of the dual form of higher education is focused on the content and organization of the educational process, on the functional responsibilities of each subject of the partnership triangle, and on the communication of the subjects of dual education.It is concluded that adherence to the set of conditions substantiated in the study modernizes the educational process and also meets the needs of the labor market for qualified specialists with higher education.

Institutes of representative democracy in the scientific heritage of Professor E. I. Kozlova

The article is devoted to the analysis and consolidation of the main conclusions about the legal nature and features of domestic institutions of representative democracy in the works of Professor, Doctor of Law Ekaterina Ivanovna Kozlova. It is concluded that representative bodies and the will of the people remained the scientific interest of the founder of modern constitutionalism throughout his entire research career. From the point of view of the timeless nature of judgments and law enforcement in current realities, the elements and institutions of representative democracy are analyzed: sessional order of work; meetings as a form of activity; the formation of auxiliary and working bodies, which, in turn, cannot be classified as independent institutions of representative democracy; feedback, reports, preliminary discussions of decisions as a form of communication between deputies and voters; the principle of transparency and detailed legal regulation of activities. Ekaterina Ivanovna’s negative assessment of the rejection of the procedure for constituting representative bodies is supported.

Dividend-tax avoidance trade and its impact on the stock market

This study uncovers a unique dividend-tax avoidance trade that allows high-bracket investors to circumvent taxation on dividend income. As the first comprehensive analysis, we examine diverse investor types, implementation techniques, and the implications for stock prices. Utilizing unique account-level trading data from the Taiwan Stock Exchange, we present empirical evidence highlighting the activities of traders in both the stock and warrant markets. These traders simultaneously sell stocks, buy call warrants before the ex-dividend day, and close their positions afterward. Our findings reveal that this behavior frequently occurs in stocks with issued warrants and low imputation tax-credit ratios. Additionally, we observe substantial disparities in trading behaviors among diverse investor types, including foreign institutions, investment trusts, dealers, domestic institutions, and retail investors. The empirical results indicate that dividend-tax-avoidance trades negatively affect stock prices before dividend payments.

Political Regimes and Refugee Entries: The Preferences and Decisions of Displaced Persons and Host Governments

Abstracts What drives refugee movements? Focusing on host countries' domestic political institutions, we argue that refugee entry is determined by the political regimes that shape the incentives of both host governments and displaced persons. Specifically, we theorize that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between political regimes and the volume of refugee entries. When the host country is autocratic, refugee volume becomes smaller due to displaced persons’ unwillingness to risk the high uncertainty of life under such regimes, and when the host country is democratic, refugee volume is similarly curbed due to democratic constraints on the host government. Consequently, a majority of refugees are clustered into anocratic regimes. Using a global dataset, a series of statistical analyses found strong evidence in support of our theoretical expectations regarding not only the hypothesized correlation between regime type and refugee movements but also the preferences of host governments and displaced persons that we theorize underlie this relationship.

The Italian payback effect: the causal impact of the great recession on political discontent

ABSTRACT Grounding on the theories of economic voting and political opposition, this paper investigates whether the Italian Local Labour Markets (LLMs) most affected by the Great Recession reacted in the ballot box voting against the domestic institutions or in favour of anti-European parties. We exploit a recent econometric technique in the counterfactual framework, which adopts a non-parametric generalisation of the difference-in-differences estimator. Our findings show a causal negative impact on the share of Berlusconi’s party, the incumbent party during the crisis, statistically significant in those LLMs with the lowest institutional quality and in the Centre and in the Islands of Italy. We find no causal effect on the anti-European vote whatsoever. People living in the LLMs that suffered the most the effects of the Great Recession used their vote to harm the party in charge, which they deemed responsible for the economic consequences, with a payback effect.

Staying in the shadow or not? Remittances and the Shadow Economy

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigates the impact of remittances on the shadow economy and how domestic institutions, particularly property rights, moderate this relationship.MethodsWe employed a quantitative research method using panel data from developing countries from 1990 to 2018. We adopted both fixed‐effects and instrumental variable approaches to address possible endogeneity concerns between remittances and the shadow economy.ResultsThe results demonstrate that remittances are positively associated with the shadow economy's size. However, this positive effect is weaker in countries with strong property rights institutions. These findings remain robust across alternative measures of key variables and estimation techniques.ConclusionThe results suggest that foreign income in the form of remittances is an important determinant of the shadow economy in recipient countries. We believe that exploring the relationship between foreign sources of income and the decisions of economic actors to enter specific sectors warrants further investigation.