Domestic Industry Research Articles

ГЛОБАЛЬНА БАГАТОПОЛЯРНІСТЬ: НОВІ МОЖЛИВОСТІ Й ЗАГРОЗИ ДЛЯ РОЗВИТКУ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО ЕКСПОРТУ

Одним з актуальних напрямів сучасної економічної науки є передбачення наслідків глобальної багатополярності. Їх аналіз у сферах міжнародної політики і міжнародного торговельного права дав підстави для висунення припущення, що глобальна багатополярність створює як нові можливості, так і додаткові загрози для розвитку менших економік, що розвиваються (smaller developing economies). Для перевірки припущення на основі даних, зібраних у сфері економіки, запропоновано ці можливості й загрози проаналізувати як сильні й слабкі торговельні стимули, що формують країни – нові реальні й потенційні полюси глобального зростання при закупівлі в менших економіках, що розвиваються, сировини і продукції підвищеної технологічної складності. Для реалізації цього наукового методу розроблено набір методологічних і методичних підходів для уточнення переліку й рейтингування реальних і потенційних полюсів глобального зростання, оцінювання їх часток у закупівлі продукції підвищеної технологічної складності.Апробація запропонованих наукових підходів на прикладі України виявила, що на міжнародних ринках додатковий попит Китаю і потенційних полюсів глобального зростання з-поміж країн з ринками, що прискорено розвиваються, створює сильні торговельні стимули для пожвавлення економічної активності у вітчизняних експортних галузях з виробництва сировини і продукції її неглибокої переробки, а також слабкі – у галузях з виробництва продукції підвищеної технологічної складності. Тому подальше стрімке інерційне розширення торгівлі України з даними країнами неодмінно посилюватиме ризики уповільнення якісних (структурних) змін у вітчизняній зовнішній торгівлі на користь продукції підвищеної технологічної складності. Отримані емпіричні дані підтверджують припущення західних учених, що глобальна багатополярність створює додаткові загрози для розвитку менших економік, що розвиваються, оскільки стимулює збереження за ними ролі постачальника сировинних ресурсів на світові ринки в майбутньому.

Research on Mining Talent Demand for E-commerce Majors based on LDA Topic Model

[Purpose] Based on the text mining method, this study analyzes the job demand for domestic e-commerce industry positions in the Internet-oriented recruitment data, promotes the matching of e-commerce positions and talents, and promotes the good construction of the employment environment in the domestic e-commerce industry.[Method] Use the LDA(Latent dirichlet allocation) topic model for job competency requirements to calculate the similarity of the word segmentation results for professional talent requirements, determine the optimal number of topics, and output the visualization results of the LDA topic model.[Conclusion] In eastern China, there is a high demand for e-commerce jobs, and the majority of these positions only call for 1-3 years of experience. The basic requirement for the majority of jobs is a college degree. The Director of Operations and Director of Network Operations focus on e-commerce operations and management, the Network Promotion Specialist focuses on e-commerce advertising and product promotion, the Data Analyst and Market Analyst focus on data analysis and market research, and the Sales Representative focuses on sales. There is a correlation between the salary of the positions and education, experience and region; the higher the education, the more experience and the higher the level of regional development, the higher the salary level.

Промышленная политика и инновационный процесс в современной российской экономике

The article is devoted to the analysis of the relationship between effective industrial policy and the innovation process in the modern economic system. The industrial policy determines the specifics of the industries development, the competitiveness of individual industrial enterprises and is based on a set of economic policies implemented by the state; however, it also has its own features. Innovation and investment processes are the basis of effective industrial policy. The purpose of the study is to consider various approaches to determining the interdependence of effective industrial policy and the innovation process of foreign and Russian scientists, as well as to analyze the factors and conditions that ensure the effectiveness of the state industrial policy implementation. As part of the analysis of factors and conditions that ensure the effectiveness of the state’s industrial policy, the article assesses the advantages and disadvantages of the industrial policy implementation and its impact on the state’s to form and regulate the innovation process. The author uses methods of scientific analysis and synthesis. The positive and negative features of the industrial policy implementation in modern Russian economy in the context of globalization are identified, the underestimation of the business sector’s role in the innovation process implementation is revealed. The factors that reduce the effectiveness of the industrial policy innovative model implementation due to the inconsistency of the tools and methods are identified. The conditions for ensuring the long-term economic development effectiveness are revealed. Modern industrial policy requires consideration of the factors influencing its efficiency, as well as the specifics of the investment and innovation process implementation in the national economy’s industrial development in the context of globalization. The improvement of the existing scientific research and education systems will ensure the long-term advanced development of domestic industry, provide an opportunity to develop import substitution and occupy new niches in the global economic system. Industrial policy is determined by the peculiarities of the innovation process implementation in the economic system. An innovative model of industrial policy implementation can ensure the long-term development of the national economic system and increase its competitiveness.

TRADE POLICY OF THE CUSTOMS MALAYSIA IMPOSED ON WOOD - BASED PRODUCTS

International trade involves the movement of goods and services across the world called an import-export transaction. Every country has limitations which is legislations are required to protect the safety and well-being of the country. Thus, international trade policy is needed to control the entry and exit of goods or services in an orderly and controlled manner through regulations. Malaysia has various trade policies, including tariff and non-tariff barriers that are administered by the Royal Malaysian Customs Department (RMCD). These trade policies are enforced on timber-based products that are imported and exported. The finite amount of raw material of this natural resource requires a mechanism to control its production. This descriptive study based on secondary data aims to identify the trade policy imposed on timber products as well as the implications of the trade policy for this industry and various other parties. It reveals that almost all wood-based goods are subject to an import duty between 0%, 20%, and 35% at the ad valorem rate upon arrival of this commodity at the Malaysian entry point. While the export duty is at a 0% rate on this commodity. At the same time non-tariff barriers which are import and export permits required for this commodity trade. The agencies empowered to approve and issue import/export permits are MTIB for Peninsular Malaysia, SFD for Sabah, and STIDC for Sarawak. Import duty as national income, protecting domestic industry with a balanced market price. Import/export permits are required to control the production of these limited natural resources. Malaysia has to review and analyze the trade policies to ensure comprehensive and competitive trade liberalization and justice globally.

Import Substitution in Circular Economy Perspective: A Study on Textile And Apparel Industry

The import substitution policy has not been effective in controlling imports of textile raw materials. This research aims to build a framework that connects the circular economy with the import substitution of textile raw materials. We carried out a synthesis based on literature studies and in-depth interviews with government representatives and the textile and apparel (TTA) industry. A circular economy can be an instrument for import substitution by producing recycled materials from waste from residues along the TTA value chain. Recycled products include fiber and yarn (secondary raw materials), which are mixed with primary raw materials to produce sheet cloth, which can be an import substitute. Two potential benefits can be achieved simultaneously, namely controlling imports because the demand for recycled materials can be met by domestic industry and export opportunities because of the positive trend in recycled material demand. The results of this research recommend collaboration between stakeholders who are members of the TTA circular value chain. This research contributes to policymakers and decision-makers, especially in terms of controlling imports and adopting a transition to a circular economy.

A Comprehensive Review of Risk Assessments of Organic Effluents in Car Workshops

Water is an essential resource for the functioning of society, where it is involved in key areas such as domestic use, agriculture, energy production, industry, and transport. Climate change exacerbates water scarcity. In the context of preserving water resources, effluents from the automobile sector need to be deeply considered due to their environmental impacts. This review focuses especially on the water effluents generated by car workshops. In car workshops, daily floor washing waters containing organic pollutants, either from vehicle components or from products used for maintenance and repair, can represent large volumes of water (between 15 L and 50 L per day) that are discharged into the wastewater system. These particular industrial organic effluents are not well characterized and can represent severe environmental risks. The aim of this review is to help automotive maintenance and repair professionals better manage these industrial organic effluents. We first describe the potential sources of organic pollution emissions in car workshops with the purpose of identifying the organic compounds to be monitored as a priority in the wash water. Then, we apply a risk prevention management tool, based on the criticality matrix, to identify products with a high risk of leaking onto the ground in order to limit organic pollutants at the source.

The Influence of GVC Participation and Division of Labor Status on the Comparative Advantage of China’s Wood-Based Panel Industry

This article innovatively proposes a new display comparative advantage index (NB*). Based on the characteristics of existing comparative advantage indices and practical research needs, the NB* index can more accurately measure whether a country’s products have comparative advantages among other countries within the selected region, which to some extent expands the research boundary of industrial international competitiveness evaluation indicators. Meanwhile, this article takes China’s wood-based panel industry as an example to calculate the comparative advantage level of China’s wood-based panel industry among Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) member countries and further explores the impact of global value chain participation and division of labor status on the international competitiveness of the industry. Research has found that, firstly, although China’s wood-based panel industry has a relatively lower level of comparative advantage among RCEP member countries, it still has a certain level of competitiveness in some developed and developing countries’ markets; Secondly, in terms of the wood-based panel industry, a higher level of global value chain participation can effectively improve the international comparative advantage level of the domestic wood-based panel industry. Thirdly, the level of division of labor in the industrial chain has a significant positive impact on the comparative advantage level of China’s wood-based panel industry in RCEP member countries. Therefore, in order to enhance the international competitiveness of the domestic wood-based panel industry, it is necessary to actively participate in the global value chain and continuously move towards a higher level of division of labor in the industry chain.

To tax or to spend? Modelling tax policy responses to oil price shocks

Global crude oil prices surged in 2022 due to geopolitical conflicts, raising living costs worldwide. In response, policy measures such as fuel excise cuts and energy profits levies have been adopted by policymakers worldwide. We assess the efficacy of these two fiscal policy responses to temporary supply-side oil price shocks, using a dynamic general equilibrium model with rich fiscal and industry detail. Our focus is Australia, a distinctive country that functions both as an oil importer, and a liquefied natural gas (LNG) exporter. This dual role amplifies the inflationary pressure for Australian households and industries caused by an oil price rise, because the domestic LNG industry is largely foreign-owned and capital intensive. Inflated profits therefore flow offshore, and little of the terms of trade gain stemming from the oil-indexed LNG export price accrues to domestic economic agents. We find a temporary fuel excise cut can limit GDP and employment losses, but its effectiveness in relieving household cost-of-living pressure comes at the cost of increased net foreign debt. Higher oil prices also weaken the case for this policy from an allocative efficiency perspective. In contrast, an energy profits levy can stimulate national income without compromising the budget.

Влияние высокоэнергетического воздействия при плазменной резке на структуру и свойства поверхностных слоёв алюминиевых и титановых сплавов

Introduction. Plasma cutting of various metals and alloys is one of the most productive processes for obtaining workpieces, especially when using reverse polarity plasmatrons. The use of plasma cutting in the production of workpieces of large thicknesses potentially allows to increase the productivity of the process. In the domestic industry plasma cutting equipment of foreign production is widely used, which poses the problem of import substitution of manufactured products and equipment with the corresponding parts of Russian companies. For this reason, at present the Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science together with the company "ITS Siberia" develops plasma cutting equipment on reverse polarity currents. At the same time, in order to determine the peculiarities of influence of parameters and modes of plasma cutting process on the structure of metal in the cutting zone, it is necessary to conduct comparative studies on different metals and alloys. Aim of the work: is to identify the characteristics of the influence of high energy impact on the structure and properties of surface layers of aluminum and titanium alloys during plasma cutting using a plasma torch operating with reverse polarity currents. The research methods are optical metallography, microhardness measurement and laser scanning microscopy of the surface after plasma cutting. Results and discussions. The conducted researches show a wide range of possibilities to adjust the process parameters of plasma cutting of aluminum alloys AA5056 and AA2124, and titanium alloy Grade2. For the alloys used in this work there are optimal values of process parameters, deviations from which lead to various violations of cut quality. Aluminum alloys show a tendency to significant de-strengthening in the cutting zone, which is associated with the formation of a large crystalline structure and large incoherent secondary phases with simultaneous depletion of the solid solution with alloying elements. Titanium alloys are characterized by quenching effects in the cutting zone with increasing microhardness values. Oxides are also formed in the surface layers despite the use of nitrogen shielding gas. In the alloy Ti-4Al-1Mn, in the previously conducted works, the formation of oxide films with high hardness is not noted, while in the Grade2 alloy at cutting in the surface layers oxides are formed sharply increasing the values of microhardness of the material up to values of about 15 GPa. This situation can complicate mechanical processing of titanium alloys after plasma cutting. The obtained results indicate a rather low value of the allowance for further machining after plasma cutting of aluminum and titanium alloys.

Two Models of Child Labour in the Past

Nowadays we perceive child labour as a shameful torture and a wicked destruction of the natural order of things. After all, childhood is a time for carelessness, fun and schooling, and children are innocent and vulnerable. Nowadays people believe that these are primeval and natural rights, which is not true. There used to be two models of child labour which I present in my paper. Domestic work in the countryside and in cities, characteristic of the feudal economy at the time when a workplace and a place of residence were the same place (this is still the case in the countryside nowadays), and work outside home, for example in a factory, characteristic of the capitalist economy. There were also varied mixed forms. Thus, in the pre-modern period, rural children were already given to work on a lord’s farm, to a rich farmer, or to serve in a city. Similarly, in modern times, children worked at home in domestic industries. The extensive use of child labour was first made possible by the lack of compulsory schooling, which in turn later prevented regular child labour. As long as there was an economic need, however, school had to give way to earning a living for one’s family.

Influence of the Spatial agglomeration of Cultural and Creative Industries on the Development of Shenzhen’s Convention and Exhibition Industry

In the development of the Chinese economy, the change of industrial clusters and the exhibition industry often occur similarly. And Shenzhen has developed into one of the most influential exhibition center cities in China. While many scholars have overlooked this area of research, and practitioners have not realized its importance. To further develop and gain a larger share of the world market, the case of OCT-LOFT would be studied. Analyzing the current market situation and domestic development status, to propose that the spatial aggregation of cultural and creative industries can promote the economic growth of Shenzhen's exhibition and related industries. It will enhance the visibility of Shenzhen's exhibitions on the Internet, and demonstrate the overall strength of leading the domestic exhibition industry. Furthermore, it can increase the government's attention to the exhibition industry, encourage the integration and development of the Exhibition Industry, and bring new opportunities to the exhibition industry. It is essential to seize the global market opportunities, understand consumer demand for cultural and creative products, make full use of modern information technology, strengthen the construction of the Shenzhen Conference and Exhibition Industry Association, and promote the rapid development of the exhibition economy.

Impact of Round-tripping FDI on Tax Avoidance of Enterprises

As a part of enterprise strategy, round-tripping FDI has a far-reaching impact on tax avoidance. Enterprises aim to minimize the tax burden by redistributing capital, optimizing the global business structure and adjusting the location of economic activities. This strategic choice has spawned a variety of complex mechanisms in the international tax environment, and its influence involves tax competition, tax evasion theory, transfer pricing and intellectual property rights on a global scale. These incentives can attract enterprises to bring their overseas profits back to their home countries by reducing their operating costs and improving their competitiveness, thus achieving economic growth and increasing employment opportunities. Generally speaking, the impact of round-tripping FDI on corporate tax avoidance is reflected in many levels. By optimizing the global business structure, flexibly using intellectual property rights and adjusting the transfer pricing strategy, enterprises skillfully use the international tax environment to maximize economic benefits. At the same time, the state provides positive support for enterprises through economic incentives, which reduces the tax burden of enterprises in the domestic economy and promotes the development and innovation of domestic industries.

Биотехнологические параметры полутвердого сыра с высокой температурой второго нагревания

The State Strategy for Improving Food Quality through 2030 promotes the principles of healthy diet. Cheese is a high-value dairy product with a wide variety of beneficial biological activities. Its unique diversity makes it inherent part of many healthy eating patterns. Expanding the range of cheeses is an urgent task that the domestic food industry has to tackle in order to meet the goals set by the State Strategy, i. e., improving food quality and safety. The research involved raw milk (State Standard GOST 52054-2003), milk-and-protein mix developed by Milkmix Universal (St. Peterburg, Russia), and starter-culture mix purchased from LACTOFERM (Italy), which served as the main biotechnological component to improve cheese quality, safety, and shelf-life. The work was carried out on the premises of the Federal Altai Scientific Center for Agrobiotechnologies (Barnaul, Russia). The experimental data underwent mathematical and statistical processing to reveal the optimal technological production parameters for a new sort of semi-hard cheese with a high curd scalding temperature. The article introduces the new formulation, chemical composition, nutritional profile, and energy value of the new dairy product. The technology was patented (RF No. 2800825).

Регионы-лидеры по объемам производства сыров и сырных продуктов на российском рынке

The article introduces a map of Russian regions with the highest production volumes of cheese and cheese products. The author traced the production dynamics, described the current pattern of cheese consumption, and revealed the prospects for the domestic cheese industry, which proved to be a highly-profitable and promising market niche. The best practice analysis of cheese producers with the best quality rating made it possible to formulate the basic success principles for Russian cheesemakers.

Mapping chemical footprints of organic micropollutants in European streams

There is increasing awareness that chemical pollution of freshwater systems with complex mixtures of chemicals from domestic sources, agriculture and industry may cause a substantial chemical footprint on water organisms, pushing aquatic ecosystems outside the safe operating space. The present study defines chemical footprints as the risk that chemicals or chemical mixtures will have adverse effects on a specific group of organisms. The aim is to characterise these chemical footprints in European streams based on a unique and uniform screening of more than 600 chemicals in 445 surface water samples, and to derive site- and compound-specific information for management prioritisation purposes. In total, 504 pesticides, biocides, pharmaceuticals and other compounds have been detected, including frequently occurring and site-specific compounds with concentrations up to 74 µg/L. Key finding is that three-quarter of the investigated sites in 22 European river basins exceed established thresholds for chemical footprints in freshwater, leading to expected acute or chronic impacts on aquatic organisms. The largest footprints were recorded on invertebrates, followed by algae and fish. More than 70 chemicals exceed thresholds of chronic impacts on invertebrates. For all organism groups, pesticides and biocides were the main drivers of chemical footprints, while mixture impacts were particularly relevant for invertebrates. No clear significant correlation was found between chemical footprints and the urban discharge fractions, suggesting that effluent-specific quality rather than the total load of treated wastewater in the aquatic environment and the contribution of diffuse sources, e.g. from agriculture, determine chemical footprints.

The rise of female board representation in China as a glocalization process (2010–2018)

Our examination of publicly listed firms in China (2010–2018) reveals that a firm promotes more women to its board when it faces either stronger global pressure, as measured by the ownership of global institutional investors, or stronger local pressure, as measured by the domestic industry average of female board representation. Local pressure has a stronger impact than global pressure, and the two substitute each other. More importantly, stronger global pressure is associated with the promotion of more returnee women but not of domestic women, while stronger local pressure is associated with the promotion of more domestic women but not of returnee women. The findings advance the literature by revealing that the adoption of female board representation in China is driven by the co-constitutive influences of “the global” and “the local”, and that different types of potential beneficiaries receive heterogeneous benefits in this glocalization process.

Current trends in investment and innovation activities in the agroindustrial complex of Belarus

In dynamics for 2018–2022 analysed the main indicators of investment of fixed capital in the agriculture of Belarus, as well as the innovative development of the domestic food industry. Proposals are given to intensify investment and innovation activities in the agri-food sector in the context of stimulating start-up projects.

Peran Perusahaan Multinasional Dalam Meningkatkan Sektor Perekonomian Di Indonesia

Multinational corporations are involved in a country's economic sector because they are important in absorbing labor and increasing a country's per capita income. The purpose of this study is to highlight the importance of detailed knowledge about multinational companies that may have some impact on Indonesia's economy. The research method used is a qualitative research method using the technique of collecting library research data using multiple references and information from relevant institutions of the Indonesian economy. The findings show that the role of multinational corporations has both positive and negative impacts. On the positive side, the role of Multinationals could provide Indonesia with adequate opportunities to develop the country's economic sector through Indonesia's foreign exchange contributions. Apart from that, Indonesia is attracting attention from other countries as other countries believe that Indonesia can increase foreign investment due to Indonesia's rich resource potential and emphasis on labor wages in developing countries like Indonesia increasingly recognized. On the negative side, the Indonesian government does not emphasize multinational companies in terms of domestic trade and industry regulations, providing opportunities for domestic companies to compete domestically.

Current application directions for the weathering rind of molybdenum deposits of Ukraine

Purpose. Justification of the new direction of using molybdenum ores from weathering rind of deposits of Ukraine. Research methodology. The research was carried out by general scientific and special research methods – theoretical (analysis, explanation, generalization, comparison), technical and economic evaluation. Research results. The conducted research made it possible to determine the main global approaches to the extraction and application of molybdenum in various areas of industry. The importance of the domestic industry's need for molybdenum-containing fertilizers is substantiated. The reasons why modern global methods for obtaining molybdenum-containing fertilizers are difficult have been revealed. It has been found that modern extraction of molybdenum occurs from native ores, and attempts to extract molybdenum from weathered ores are considered ineffective. The conducted studies indicate significant areas of weathering rinds in Ukraine, including on molybdenum ore occurrences. It is possible to use such weathering rinds as fertilizers directly, that is, bypassing the traditional production of concentrates. The reduction of molybdenum deficiency in Ukrainian arable soils can be achieved by using the weathering crust of molybdenum ore occurrences by soil exchange between enriched soils of ore deposit locations and depleted soils of seeded fields. The originality. For the first time, the regularity of correspondence between the mining term "significantly weathered molybdenum-containing ore" and the agricultural term "molybdenum-contaminated soil" was established. Significant volumes of such ore (soil) in Ukraine were confirmed, and the presence of signs of a promising molybdenum resource in it was also investigated. Practical value. The obtained data make it possible to partially solve the needs of Ukraine in molybdenum, which is currently not mined. The results of the research made it possible to substantiate the direction of the application of molybdenum weathering crust for the domestic agricultural industry, which increases the yield, quality of agricultural products, cultivated areas, income to the foreign currency budget due to the increase in the export of agricultural products, customs duties and taxes.

COVID-19 pandemic and the momentum of seaweed industry development in Indonesia towards sustainable food system: An overview

The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on the seaweed industry due to changes in supply and demand, cost increases, market volatility, and the implementation of lockdown measures. This study aimed to determine the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the seaweed industry to support a sustainable food system. This study used both primary data from the seaweed industry, especially the upstream sector, and secondary data to determine the progress of the national and international seaweed industries. The data was analyzed descriptively to obtain information regarding the role of the seaweed industry in accelerating post-pandemic coastal economic recovery. The results indicated that seaweed cultivation can support coastal economic recovery in the post-COVID-19 pandemic. After demand recovers, production can be enlarged in a short time without excessive investment and has the potential to generate income within 30–45 days. It was found that total seaweed exports have dropped by 30.54% and 19.90% by volume and value, respectively, in only the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak. However, the effect of the pandemic has encouraged accelerative industrialization by increasing the capacity of domestic seaweed factories from 50% to 72%. The pandemic has also triggered the domestic industry to produce seaweed derivative products independently, such as carrageenan, alginate, and agar, to reduce dependence on imports. It is imperative to recommend to the Indonesian government that the export tariff on dried seaweed be increased to boost the competitiveness of the domestic seaweed processing industry and invest in the diversification of processed seaweed derivative products.