Domestic Development Research Articles

Strategi Peningkatan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Di Indonesia Melalui Kebijakan Ekspor Impor Dalam Bisnis Internasional

A country's success can be reflected through its economic growth, which is measured from aspects such as the value of exports and imports which influence the trade balance. Success is achieved when industry is supported by solid economic strength, requiring the government's commitment to providing positive policies to encourage rapid and stable economic growth, especially in the context of international trade or business. With positive economic growth, national income will increase and create economic prosperity for society. Studies in the last decade show that exports drive economic growth by generating foreign exchange, which can be used to support domestic development and finance imports. The aim of this research is to determine strategies for increasing economic growth through export-import policies in Indonesia. This research uses a literature review approach in data collection and analysis. The research results show that exports in Indonesia are still low compared to other countries in the world, one of which is due to policies that are not in accordance with public policy theory.

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ ТРАНCФЕРА ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ЭНЕРГЕТИКИ)

The 20th century is the century of discoveries and new technologies. The following 21st century is characterized by the development of the economy due to the growth of investment in technology and the development of international technology transfer, i.e. technology exchange. The growth of knowledge is limited by the objective limitations of the existing means of research and experimentation, and is also limited by the financial budget. The COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to the improvement of business processes and the environment through innovation, the development of e-retail and high-tech products. The study determined that the United States is the leader in R&D spending, followed by other developed countries (Germany, South Korea, Japan), while China ranks first in terms of the number of patents and the level of innovation. Russia ranks 7th in the world in terms of the number of registered and protected inventions, and R&D spending is less than 1% of GDP in 2021. A study of nuclear industry projects led to the conclusion that it is not very susceptible to sanctions. Rosatom State Corporation cooperates with both Asian and European countries. At the same time, one can single out a trend towards a decrease in sales of technologies in embodied form due to sanctions rhetoric for other sectors of the extractive industry in Russia. An important constraint is the young legislation in the field of innovation. Against the backdrop of insufficient state support for the scientific sphere and sanctions pressure, market mechanisms do not ensure the strengthening of cooperation between Russia and other countries. For Russia, it is important to exchange developments between participants in the local market, with colleagues, at least in the industry. It is not advisable to expect the exchange of technologies with Chinese, Indian and other partners who are guided by TT with Western countries; active measures are needed to promote public-private partnerships, create conditions for “cultivation” and commercialization of domestic developments in technology parks and other clusters.

Forestry Insights of Some Asian and European Countries: National Forest Harvesting Strategies and New Approaches

As forestry approaches have been formed according to the demands and aspirations of the society, the forest sector implies different concerns such as social, economic, and environmental. Harvesting and extraction of wood at low cost, protection of stands against degradation and changes in land use, proper implementation of afforestation and forest extension, conservation of endemic species, preservation of soil, providing jobs, and supporting national and domestic development have a different priority for foresters, depending on the time and area conditions. Of course, all of these have always been discussed by the shareholders in the forest sector with the main attention to forest sustainability. However, the question is: Are forestry approaches compatible with the changes in the world today? With increasing environmental concerns, as discussed at the Glasgow 2021 Conference, the importance of forests and their protection has doubled, and it seems that forestry practices in the world need a new approach. In addition to climate change, increasing human population and regional and global economic changes affect the use of forests and the form of forest management and utilization. This paper aims to take an analytical look at this issue and examine the current situation in five countries (Iran, Germany, Croatia, Turkiye and Italy). It was also targeted with the help of the DPSIR Framework to elaborate on the social consequences of the situation, and an analysis was presented about what to do or not. This paper emphasizes that forest managers and policymakers need to modify and adapt the plans and methods in a way that is appropriate to the progress of time and its changes, while protecting forests and ensuring their sustainability, limiting non-professionals from involving directly in the decision-making process.

Цифровые горные технологии – импортозамещение и технологическая независимость

Formation of the Russian mining software market was lagging behind the global market due to the collapse of the USSR and changing the economy's development vector from technological to raw materials. Such reorientation has led to a significant reduction in financing the development of Russian mining software, which during many years was significantly promoted by the perception of a considerable number of specialists that the domestic developers were not able to reach the world level for many years. The result of these processes, which have been developing for the last 30 years, is the current state of the Russian mining software market, which is dominated by foreign products. The state of the market is perfectly reflected by mining and geological information systems, which act as backbone systems in the formation of digital technology for engineering support of mining operations. The share of imported mining and geological information systems in the Russian market is 90-95%, which in conditions of the sanctions leads to slowing down the digital transformation of the mining industry. It is possible to change this situation by uniting the efforts of domestic software developers based on creating a network structure in the form of a digital platform that provides third-party software developers a possibility to integrate their tools through a library of API-functions into a single digital environment that realizes a basic set of system and working tools. It is proposed to create this digital platform on the basis of the Russian MINEFRAME mining and geological information system, which has extensive functionality based on 3D modeling and multi-user work within a local area network.

Expanding the technological capabilities of the twin roll casting machine.

urrently, one of the most promising areas of metallurgy development is the creation of foundry and rolling complexes based on twin roll casting machines. Their application makes it possible to organize the economical production of high-quality strips of stainless and alloy steels for critical purposes. Despite the existing experience in the creation and development of such equipment in Russia, domestic developments are still inferior to the foreign level. Thus, there is an urgent need to continue work on this topic and to create domestic industrial equipment, taking into account the latest technical solutions. At the same time, the technological capabilities of twin-roll casting machines both here and abroad are not fully used. The specialists of JSC AHK VNIIMETMASH have developed a number of the latest versions of the twin-roller casting machine with advanced technological capabilities. Due to the dosed supply of various reagents into the gap between the casting rolls-crystallizers it is possible to produce steel strips with improved properties, as well as porous aluminium strips, and also composite strips for critical applications. The article discusses the design and technological features of the proposed options for two-roller casting machines.

Subsistence Economy of Indus People: Agriculture and Domestication of Animal

The importance of Indus civilization stems largely from the fact that it represents the first of the successful achievements of the civilization beyond the bounds of the lands that constitute the fertile crescent. The potency and vigour inherent in food production and domestication of animals were critical in sustaining the large population implied by urbanization. There is a link between development of food production and domestication and the rise of the city life. These processes led to the urbanization in Indus Valley.

Influence of the Spatial agglomeration of Cultural and Creative Industries on the Development of Shenzhen’s Convention and Exhibition Industry

In the development of the Chinese economy, the change of industrial clusters and the exhibition industry often occur similarly. And Shenzhen has developed into one of the most influential exhibition center cities in China. While many scholars have overlooked this area of research, and practitioners have not realized its importance. To further develop and gain a larger share of the world market, the case of OCT-LOFT would be studied. Analyzing the current market situation and domestic development status, to propose that the spatial aggregation of cultural and creative industries can promote the economic growth of Shenzhen's exhibition and related industries. It will enhance the visibility of Shenzhen's exhibitions on the Internet, and demonstrate the overall strength of leading the domestic exhibition industry. Furthermore, it can increase the government's attention to the exhibition industry, encourage the integration and development of the Exhibition Industry, and bring new opportunities to the exhibition industry. It is essential to seize the global market opportunities, understand consumer demand for cultural and creative products, make full use of modern information technology, strengthen the construction of the Shenzhen Conference and Exhibition Industry Association, and promote the rapid development of the exhibition economy.

Trends in the Digitalisation of Public Administrations – in Light of EU Legislation and Domestic Developments

Purpose: Regulating the parameters of all types of identity – including its elements, authenticity and authenticator, verifiability, and the verification process – requires particular attention. The most critical element here is most likely its presence in the digital sphere. Our main goal is to examine the proposal to amend the eIDAS Regulation to create a framework for a European digital identity.Design/Methodology/Approach: The paper analyses the topic in terms of Union law and the most recent strategic document of the Hungarian governmental decisionmaker, incorporating pertinent scientific findings. The article evaluates the current situation, highlighting foreseeable and potential impacts of the new legislative developments.Findings: The paper presents both the practices established by the eIDAS Regulation as a starting point and the current status of digitalisation in Hungary (primarily in public administration).Practical Implications: Eventually, we will attempt to identify the expected opportunities and advantages, as well as risks and drawbacks, associated with the nascent trend of digitalization of public administration in the EU and Hungary.Originality/Value: Upon establishing a groundwork in this domain, the nature of the amendment and the domestic response (National Digital Citizenship Programme) will be reviewed to assess efforts at both the European and Hungarian levels.
 
 
 

A Comparative Study of the Change of the Economic Model of Poland after 1989 and Chinas Reform and Opening up

The former socialist countries of the Cold War have undergone a transition from planned economies to market economies in the context of economic globalization. This is a significant phenomenon that deserves scholarly attention. The paper focuses on Poland and China as two examples of different reform models, paths, and ideologies. A comparative analysis based on factual data is conducted to explore their transition process and outcomes. The results show that the path of transition each country has chosen has both similarities and differences. Both countries have faced various difficulties and opportunities in their reforms, and have adopted different policy measures to improve their domestic development. The conclusion suggests that there is no single optimal model for economic transition, but rather a diversity of choices and trade-offs that depend on the historical, cultural, and political factors of each country. In conclusion, Poland and China are two examples of countries that have undergone significant economic transitions in the past four decades. They have similarities and differences in their economic structure before the transition, their process of the transition, their growth in the past four decades, and their political and systematic factors in the transition. Their experiences provide valuable lessons for other countries that seek to achieve economic development.

Revitalizing Island Villages: A Comprehensive Analysis of Sustainable Landscape Renewal Strategies Through the Three-Pillar Conception

In recent years, the study of production-living-ecological space has progressively expanded from urban to rural areas. With the onset of a new era in rural development, diverse requirements for rural landscapes have emerged. Consequently, rural landscape planning in this new era is incorporating the three-pillar conception of sustainability. Island villages, with their distinct natural ecology and marine resources compared to inland villages, offer unique conditions, resulting in the production of diversified landscape types with significant development potential. Despite the limited attention given to the domestic development of island villages, this paper delves into the analysis of the three-pillar conception of sustainability and explores landscape protection strategies and renewal modes specific to island villages. To illustrate these concepts, East Xiaoqing Island Village in Rushan City, Weihai City serves as a case study.

Rethinking Nigeria's External Relations: A Critical Evaluation of Foreign Policy Perspectives and Imperatives

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of Nigeria's foreign policy and its implications for the country's domestic development and global engagements. Drawing upon a range of scholarly works and empirical evidence, the study examines the historical trajectory of Nigeria's foreign policy, highlighting its active participation in peacekeeping missions and diplomatic initiatives across the African continent. The research underscores the necessity for Nigeria to reevaluate its foreign policy orientation, emphasizing the need for a more strategic alignment with the country's economic interests and internal developmental priorities. Moreover, the study underscores the importance of Nigeria securing a more robust and equitable representation within key international organizations, such as the African Union, to effectively advocate for its interests and priorities on the global stage. The findings of this study highlight the critical role of a well-aligned and proactive foreign policy in advancing Nigeria's economic growth, regional stability, and global influence. The paper concludes with key recommendations aimed at fostering a more holistic and economically-driven foreign policy framework that bolsters Nigeria's resilience and autonomy within the international community.

ЦИФРОВІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ УПРАВЛІНСЬКОГО ОБЛІКУ В ДЕРЖАВНОМУ ТА ПРИВАТНОМУ СЕКТОРІ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ

Under martial law, public and private sector entities have found themselves in a rather difficult financial situation, which, accordingly, negatively affects efficiency of their functioning and requires a comprehensive reorientation of the strategy and tactics of managing their activity. Accounting system is the information content for building an effective management system, an important subsystem of which is management accounting in the digital environment of Ukrainian software products. This, in turn, determines relevance of the study. The purpose of the article is to research and substantiate the necessity and peculiarities of Ukrainian management accounting digital technologies and cloud services usage at public economy sector institutions as well as private sector enterprises, in order to increase their economic efficiency and to ensure the accounting data security in war conditions. In the course of the study, the author used general scientific theoretical methods of cognition: system analysis - to clarify the main categories of the study; visual interpretation - to visualize screen forms and dialog modes of functioning of software products and cloud services with the implementation of management accounting functions. The article makes an attempt to substantiate the need to introduce digital management accounting technologies in the public and private sectors of the economy in order to improve their efficient functioning under martial law in the context of post-war recovery of the national economy. The author proves the necessity of introducing digital management accounting technologies and specialized cloud services into the practice of public and private sector entities in order to increase efficiency of their functioning in the context of difficult financial situation and martial law in Ukraine and to ensure the required level of security of accounting reporting data. The article comprehensively substantiates the peculiarities of use and the need for practical implementation of Ukrainian digital management accounting technologies and cloud services in the activities of public and private sector institutions, which made it possible to objectively reveal the range of software products from domestic developers. Prospects for further research have be defined as follows: to provide a theoretical and practical justification for the need to introduce actuarial accounting into the modern Ukrainian digital environment by separating it into a separate module "Actuarial Accounting" with the implementation of the procedure for transforming financial statements into actuarial management reporting in the context of European integration trends in the Ukrainian economy.

Safety risks and ethical governance of biomedical applications of synthetic biology.

Background: In recent years, biomedicine has witnessed rapid advancements in applying synthetic biology. While these advancements have brought numerous benefits to patients, they have also given rise to a series of safety concerns. Methods: This article provides a succinct overview of the current research on synthetic biology's application in biomedicine and systematically analyzes the safety risks associated with this field. Based on this analysis, the article proposes fundamental principles for addressing these issues and presents practical recommendations for ethical governance. Results: This article contends that the primary safety risks associated with the application of synthetic biology in biomedicine include participant safety, biosafety risks, and biosecurity risks. In order to effectively address these risks, it is essential to adhere to the principles of human-centeredness, non-maleficence, sustainability, and reasonable risk control. Guided by these fundamental principles and taking into account China's specific circumstances, this article presents practical recommendations for ethical governance, which include strengthening ethical review, promoting the development and implementation of relevant policies, improving legal safeguards through top-level design, and enhancing technical capabilities for biocontainment. Conclusion: As an emerging field of scientific technology, synthetic biology presents numerous safety risks and challenges in its application within biomedicine. In order to address these risks and challenges, it is imperative that appropriate measures be implemented. From a Chinese perspective, the solutions we propose serve not only to advance the domestic development of synthetic biology but also to contribute to its global progress.

The Lithium Boom: Lithium Sources and Prospects for the Russian Lithium Industry

The explosive development of renewable energy in recent years is reshaping the geopolitical picture of the world. Solar panels and wind turbines have become the symbol of the new energy transition, while lithium-ion batteries have become its basis and the driver of development. It was lithium-ion batteries that made it possible to overcome the main problem of renewable energy – inconstancy and uncontrollability. The article highlights the lithium problem, the reasons for the volatility of lithium prices, the main sources of lithium and the difficulties of its production. In addition, the prospects of development of lithium industry in Russia and current domestic developments in lithium mining technology are considered.

Biocatalysts and Enzymatic Conversion of Substrates to Valuable Products of Chemical Organic Synthesis: A Review of Domestic Developments

Biocatalysts and Enzymatic Conversion of Substrates to Valuable Products of Chemical Organic Synthesis: A Review of Domestic Developments

Economic and Technological Influences on Integrating Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Gene Therapy into Sub-Saharan African Healthcare Systems to Treat Endemic Hemopathies

Autologous hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy involves modifying the genome of a patient’s HSCs to treat their genetic hemopathies. Though potentially revolutionary in treating hemopathies endemic to Sub-Saharan Africa such as HIV/AIDS and sickle cell anemia, economic and technological influences threaten its progress and ability to be effectively integrated into Sub-Saharan African healthcare systems. Health expenditure data from 46 Sub-Saharan African low-to-middle-income countries and 56 non-Sub-Saharan African high-income countries were analyzed to determine the extent to which health expenditure and socioeconomic disparity affect the availability of gene therapy. Statistically significant differences were found and were supported by reviews of literature highlighting disparities in gene therapy development, healthcare system capacity, and socioeconomic status between Sub-Saharan Africa and non-Sub-Saharan African high-income countries. Six points of improvement pertaining to domestic development, international collaboration, production optimization, ease-of-use, patient-conscious business models, and social aid are suggested as means of promoting future integration in Sub-Saharan African healthcare systems, emphasizing the importance of access in ensuring the future benefits of autologous gene therapy.

Traumatology and Orthopedics in the Focus of Intellectual Property

High incidence of injuries, diseases of musculoskeletal system and connective tissue leads to a high demand for modern high-tech materials in the area of orthopedics and traumatology. Development of russian materials is an extremely relevant issue, especially under conditions of restricted supply of foreign products to the Russian Federation. Creation of new products and their subsequent launch to the market require comprehensive protection of unique information about the design, composition or production/manufacturing technology of the product. Analysis of patenting domestic solutions for trauma and orthopedic surgery in the Russian Federation has shown that there are various risks associated with the commercialization of national products. For example, russian developers in a number of cases neglect patent protection of their developments, which puts successful developments at risk of unauthorized copying or claims from other market players. On the other hand, patenting strategy of domestic developers for their products in most cases contains a number of errors, such as narrow bounds of patent protection due to incorrectly drafted patent claims. For example, these can be in formulations that can be easily bypassed in case of commercial interest in the product, preferential patenting of technological processes, lack of comprehensive patent protection of the product. Such patenting errors make the development unattractive for investors and manufacturers, which leads to low commercializability of russian inventions. Thus, russian developers, who have significant scientific potential and competencies to create highly effective national products, do not proceed with technology transfer and cannot bring their promising and in-demand products to the market.

Mediation services for resolving business disputes

The article examines the issue of online business dispute resolution (ODR) as a legal phenomenon. Special attention is paid to the analysis of online platforms that have proven themselves positively. Examples of domestic developments are also given. In modern conditions caused by globalization, the disappearance of borders and the formation of the world Internet community, the legal sphere undergoes transformations for effective functioning. The technological revolution, especially after the increased interest in Bitcoin, has opened up new opportunities for alternative dispute resolution in the online environment. Online mediation, online arbitration and even arbitration using the blockchain technology used in cryptocurrency have appeared. These forms of ODR are becoming increasingly popular. In situations where regulatory rules are created in the Internet space without the use of public legal instruments, self-regulation of relations on the Internet occurs. Often, such a process arises due to the need to regulate new objects of social relations, which at the state or transnational level can take a lot of time. The resolution of business disputes through online platforms is particularly relevant in connection with the Russian war of aggression, which significantly complicated the work of the courts.Thus, Internet service participants can create their own rules, and to ensure their functioning and protection, an online dispute resolution institute is necessary. The article defines the concept of ODR and analyzes its characteristics. Specific examples of the use of ODR in the practice of well-known Internet companies are also given. Advantages and disadvantages of ODR are considered, factors affecting the effectiveness of this method of dispute resolution are analyzed. The article also describes the types of online dispute resolution, in particular, online arbitration, online mediation and online negotiations are considered in detail. On the basis of the conducted research, a conclusion is made about the prerequisites for the development and popularization of online dispute resolution and the importance of ODR for self-regulation of relations is emphasized.

Marriage and the reproductive regime of a digitally connected Roma diaspora

ABSTRACTThis paper analyzes the marriage, family, and reproductive regimes prevalent in a Roma group that, in the post-socialist period, has moved from Romania to over 16 countries in Western Europe and North America. It is based on a long-term collaborative ethnography that allowed the detailed reconstitution of 807 unions held from 1938 to 2021. Family networks in this diaspora have today a transnational character and maintain an intense social interaction by digital means. The paper will show how a partly autonomous social order is constituted and reproduced by a marriage and kinship system that involves gender formations and autonomous domestic development cycles. At its core is an implicit and successful reproductive regime that is often assumed to be biologically determined, and of no value to cultural analysis. Marriages tend to be universal, adolescent, pronatalist, and endogamous (often consanguineous) within this “community of understanding.” They are also negotiated and arranged by paterfamilias following a literal patriarchy or father rule. However, young people often act on their preferences influencing their parents or eloping. Marriages as household exchanges are launched by three major economic transactions. These transactions open the horizontal “circulation” of women and wealth between households following viri-patrilocal residence norms that generate patrigroups and fraternal coalitions.

THE LITHIUM BOOM: LITHIUM SOURCES AND PROSPECTS FOR THE RUSSIAN LITHIUM INDUSTRY

The explosive development of renewable energy in recent years is reshaping the geopolitical picture of the world. Solar panels and wind turbines have become the symbol of the new energy transition, while lithium-ion batteries have become its basis and the driver of development. It was lithium-ion batteries that made it possible to overcome the main problem of renewable energy - inconstancy and uncontrollability. The article highlights the lithium problem, the reasons for the volatility of lithium prices, the main sources of lithium and the difficulties of its production. In addition, the prospects of development of lithium industry in Russia and current domestic developments in lithium mining technology are considered