Domestic Cases Research Articles

초⋅중학생의 디지털 리터러시 역량 평가를 위한 프레임워크 개발

Objectives The purpose of this study is to develop a framework for evaluating the digital literacy competencies of primary and middle school students in South Korea.
 Methods To achieve this, the researchers analyzed previous domestic and international studies and cases to develop a draft evaluation framework that includes definitions of digital literacy, evaluation areas, sub-elements, definitions of sub-elements, and examples of achievement. The developed draft was revised and validated through two rounds of the Delphi survey.
 Results The final proposed digital literacy evaluation framework consists of five evaluation areas and 11 sub-elements, including ① digital tools (understanding of digital tools, utilization of digital tools), ② digital information and data (information search and data collection, analysis and evaluation of information and data, management of information and data), ③ digital communication and collaboration (digital communication, digital collaboration), ④ digital resource production (content production, problem-solving based on computational thinking), and ⑤ digital safety and health (digital safety, digital health).
 Conclusions The significance of the evaluation framework for the digital literacy developed in this study is that it systematizes the construct for measurement of the digital literacy required by primary and middle school students. In the future, this framework can be used to develop evaluation tools for diagnosing the level of digital literacy of students.

Homemade Dart Attacks in Hawai'i.

Over a 4.5-year period (September 2014 to March 2019), 7 patients presented to the State's only Level I Trauma Center with penetrating injuries inflicted by homemade metallic darts. Previously described in Micronesia, these are the first domestic cases of assaults utilizing this type of weaponry. Retrospective chart review was conducted for all patients who presented to our institution with a dart injury within the study period. Details regarding demographics, imaging, and patient management were collected and described herein. All 7 patients were male with a median age of 24.6years impaled with darts that penetrated through the deep muscle and tissue layers of the neck, torso, or extremity. Three patients required operative intervention and no mortalities were observed. The depth of penetration and proximity to vital structures highlight the potential for life-threatening injuries from these homemade darts.

Postpandemic international tourism restart: effect of border control and vaccination

Purpose As the current Coronavirus 2019 pandemic eases, international tourism, which was greatly affected by the outbreak, is gradually recovering. The attraction of countries to overseas tourists is related to their overall performance in the pandemic. This research integrates the data of vaccination of different countries, border control policy and holidays to explore their differential impacts on the overseas tourists’ intention during the pandemic. This is crucial for destinations to built their tourism resilience. It will also help countries and industry organizations to promote their own destinations to foreign tourism enterprises. Design/methodology/approach This study proposes an analysis based on panel data for ten countries over 1,388 days. The coefficient of variation is used to measure monthly differences of Chinese tourists’ intention to visit overseas country destinations. Findings Results show that, for tourist intention of going abroad: border control of the destination country has a significant negative impact; daily new cases in the destination country have a significant negative impact; domestic daily new cases have a significant positive impact; holidays have significant negative impact; daily vaccination of the destination countries has significant positive impact; and domestic daily vaccination have negative significant impact. Research limitations/implications First, there is a large uncertainty in studying consumers’ willingness to travel abroad in this particular period because of unnecessary travel abroad caused by the control of the epidemic. Second, there are limitations in studying only Chinese tourists, and future research should be geared toward a broader range of research pairs. Practical implications First, from the government perspective, a humane response can earn the respect and trust of tourists. Second, for tourism industry, to encourage the public take vaccine would be beneficial for both the tourism destination and foreign tourism companies. The same effect can be achieved by helping tourists who are troubled by border control. Social implications First, this research provides suggestions for the government and the tourism industry to deal with such a crisis in the future. Second, this study found that vaccination has a direct impact on tourism. This provides a basis for improving people’s willingness to vaccinate. Thirdly, this study proves suggestion for the destinations to build tourism resilience. Originality/value This study analyzes the unique control measures and vaccination in different countries during the pandemic, then provides suggestions for the tourism industry to prepare for the upcoming postpandemic tourism recovery. This study is valuable for improving the economic resilience of tourism destinations. Additionally, it helps to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of different restrain policies around the world.

Nationwide epidemiologic and genetic surveillance of hepatitis E in Japan, 2014-2021.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging causative agent of acute hepatitis. To clarify the epidemiology of HEV and characterize the genetic diversity of the virus in Japan, nationwide enhanced surveillance and molecular characterization studies of HEV in Japan were undertaken from 2014 to 2021. In total, 2770 hepatitis E cases were reported, of which 88% were domestic cases, while only 4.1% represented cases following infection abroad. In addition, 57% of domestic infections occurred in males aged in their 40s-70s. For domestic cases, infection via pork meat consumption continued to be the most reported route. Analysis of the 324 sequences detected between 2016 and 2021 showed that the majority of domestic HEV strains belong to Genotype 3a (G3a) and G3b. In contrast, six of eight cases of G1 HEV reflected infection abroad. Our results suggest that HEV is circulating widely in Japan, with genotypes G3a and G3b being most prevalent. Continued surveillance is necessary to monitor future trends and changes in the epidemiology of HEV in Japan.

Airport Common-Use Check-in Operations: A Novel and Efficient Model

This paper examines the capacity problems of common-use environment service improvement and airport passenger services in line with information technology (IT) issues. There are many time-critical processes in the airport terminal for the necessary airport passenger flow processes that IT service design aims to support it. Many flow processes can be designed under several functions while international, domestic, or general aviation cases. The current approaches have been based on the standard industrial methods based on the Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) practices. However, this infrastructure library practices’ distinct general industrial foundations and airport time-critical processes could not fit customer expectations. This research offers an approach by adding a pre-layer with a user certification rather than fixing the problems on the ground. Although the proposed novel model does not conflict with the ITIL practices, it primarily develops the practices by coinciding with them a certificated training of end users to establish a positive passenger experience and helping the profitability of the airport. The offered model simulation results show that the Airport IT Service helpdesk and field team instantaneous utilization average was reduced from 96% to 28%, and the field team queue duration during the airport peak hours was 26 minutes to 2 minutes. This study demonstrates that the airport IT support service design should be reconsidered during its passenger service operation.

Surgical decisions and outcomes of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: Data from a tertiary referral center in Taiwan.

To assess changes in surgical decisions and outcomes of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) during the COVID-19 pandemic at a tertiary center in Taiwan. Patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) or scleral buckling (SB) for primary RRD during Taiwan's first wave of domestic COVID-19 cases surge between May and July 2021 (COVID cohort, n = 100) were compared to controls in the closest pre-COVID year, 2019 (pre-COVID cohort, n = 121). The COVID cohort had significantly worse RRD presentation, received more PPV (alone or combined with SB (PPV + SB)) and less SB alone, and had comparable single-surgery anatomic success (SSAS) rates. In patients who underwent PPV, more underwent PPV + SB instead of PPV alone. The decision to combine SB in PPV surgery was significantly affected by the COVID pandemic (odds ratio [OR], 3.1860 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1487-8.8361]). However, a shorter duration of symptoms before the first presentation (0.9857 [95% CI, 0.9720-0.9997]) was the only factor related to SSAS, whereas the surgical method had no association. The SSAS rate remained close to or over 90% in patients with a duration of symptoms before surgery ≤4 weeks but dropped to 83.3% in patients with duration >4 weeks. During the COVID-19 pandemic, worse RRD presentations led to a shift in preference for PPV over SB alone as the primary surgery. The pandemic affected surgeons' decision to combine SB during PPV. Nevertheless, SSAS was only associated with the duration of symptoms but not with surgical methods.

Korean Judicial Decisions

Abstract This paper reviews three selected major decisions by domestic courts of Korea in 2022 by taking a closer look at the changing legal practices and attitudes of the Korean judiciary in applying international law in domestic cases.

Cryptoassets Seizure in Criminal Procedure in the Russian Federation: Possible Ways of Development

The paper analyzes the existing practice of seizing cryptocurrencies in the domestic legal order. It is noted that the law enforcer needs that the legislator create criminal procedural novels aimed to seize cryptocurrencies. The paper provides domestic practice cases, recognizing cryptoassets as property in the understanding of civil law. The mechanism of using an investigative experiment to convert cryptoassets into cash is criticized. The author analyzes the possibility of applying the concept of privilege against self-disclosure during an investigative experiment to convert cryptoassets into cash. The paper proposes models that can be chosen by the legislator when implementing the seizure of cryptocurrencies. The types of crypto-carriers are analyzed. The author concludes that due to the wide variety of types of cryptocurrencies a single model will not be enough for law enforcement agencies when seizing such assets. The author suggests the legislator to choose a mixed model of criminal procedure regulation of seizure of cryptoassets as well as to introduce a new coercive measure in the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation in the form of converting digital assets into cash.

Case Study Analysis of Unified and Non-Unified Planning of Urban Public Space

This paper briefly reviews the development history of urban public space management, organizes the public space management tools and methods that accompany urban development, focuses on the analysis of domestic and foreign public space planning cases with different degrees of uniformity, analyzes the problems embedded in urban public space under different plans in the context of relevant design concepts of urban planning, and explores the possibility of disorder-oriented urban planning tools and the balance between uniformity and non-uniformity on the premise of the necessity of uniform planning. The study will explore the possibility of design-oriented urban planning tools and the balance between uniformity and non-uniformity. This paper finds that unified planning is necessary for the planning of urban public spaces, but more attention should be paid to disorderliness in design to avoid disadvantages.

Conceptualizing practices of care in women’s lives. A domestic work case study in Ethiopia and Tanzania

Drawing from the lived experiences of female domestic workers in Ethiopia and Tanzania, this article illustrates different ways in which domestic work can be practiced and defined in both countries. It analyses women’s narratives in the present and past tense to explore different situations before and after they come into contact with an NGO that advocates for domestic workers’ rights. Since their childhood, the women interviewed have worked in various kin and non-kin households, and performed different types of domestic work (formal and informal, paid and unpaid, live-in and live-out). The asymmetrical and hierarchical relationships between employees and employers are ambiguous and often confused with kinship or distant kinship. These ambiguities come to the fore precisely when projects fostered by labour activists aim at the formalization of hired care work, that is, skilled employment made up of clearly defined tasks, regulated by written contracts, rights and responsibilities. In contexts where labor protections are poorly enforced, proposals to formalize domestic work can provide an essential reference point for the collective mobilization of women workers. At the same time, proposed solutions favoring the formalization of hired work might clash with local realities and not necessarily be perceived as appropriate by domestic workers.

Direction of System Improvements through an Analysis of Performance and Foreign Cases Before and After Separate Ordering of the Fire-fighting System Installation Business Act

In Korea, separate orders for the fire-fighting facility system installation business act have been in effect since September 2020. However, the current research on performance analyses and overseas system reviews remains inadequate for efficient settlements after the implementation of the separate order system for the fire-fighting system installation business act. In this study, we collected and visualized performance data before and after the implementation of separate orders for the fire-fighting system installation business act over the past four years and analyzed domestic and foreign legislative cases. As a result of the analysis, for the fire-fighting system installation business act, following the implementation of separate orders in Korea, the growth rate of construction amounts from 2020 to 2021 was found to be 44.7%. Moreover, a case of overseas separate orders was implemented to prevent the occurrence of unfair orders in separate orders according to the type and amount of construction. Therefore, in this study, a legal plan to improve the appropriateness and ratio of the amount according to the size of construction is devised.

메타버스를 활용한 의료·돌봄 통합시스템 구축 및 활성화

The purpose of this study is to suggest a way to build an integrated medical care system using the metaverse platform and to discuss ways to activate it. To this end, after presenting the feasibility of the metaverse and the establishment of an integrated system as a literature research method, a plan for activation was proposed by analyzing domestic and foreign cases and related literature of the metaverse. As a result of the study, as a way to build an integrated medical care system using the metaverse, it was proposed to establish a specialized institution for integrated medical care service in the community, ease regulations on non-face-to-face treatment, and establish cooperative governance for social medical care care. Based on this establishment plan, as a way to activate the integrated medical care system, activation with users for social communication, activation of remote management of medical care recipients, appearance in real space, and activation of reconstructed immersion were suggested.

Procedural Estoppel in International Commercial Arbitration Proceedings

This article argues that arbitral practice has effectively given rise to a general principle whereby the parties to arbitral proceedings are deemed to have waived rights arising from a procedural rule where they have failed to timely raise an objection against a procedural irregularity. Tribunals do not refer to such a process as abuse of right, or procedural estoppel, but as a tacit waiver of procedural rights. Even so, the effects are the same. This rule is well enshrined in article 4 of the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration. There is a line of domestic case law suggesting that the presumption in favour of the waiver does not apply where the party in question had no knowledge of the facts giving rise to the breach; where failure to apply it was not predicated on bad faith and/or; where the delay in exercising the right was not significant.

Whole-genome sequencing of Shigella for surveillance purposes shows (inter)national relatedness and multidrug resistance in isolates from men who have sex with men.

In the Netherlands, more than half of domestic shigellosis cases are among men who have sex with men (MSM), particularly in the Amsterdam region. However, there is limited insight into which Shigella strains circulate in the Netherlands. Our objective was to assess the added value of whole-genome sequencing (WGS)-based surveillance for Shigella. To this end, we determined the relatedness among Shigella spp. isolates from patients in the Amsterdam region, as well as in an international context, including antimicrobial resistance markers, using WGS. The following criteria were used: it should provide insight into (1) clustering of shigellosis cases and the affected population, (2) the extent of admixture of MSM-associated isolates with those from the broader population and (3) the presence of antimicrobial resistance. It should then lead to more opportunities for targeted control measures. For this study, Shigella isolates from three laboratories in the Amsterdam region obtained between February 2019 and October 2021 were subjected to Illumina WGS at the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM). Raw data were quality-checked and assembled, the Shigella serotype was determined with ShigaTyper, and antimicrobial resistance markers were detected using ResFinder and PointFinder. For Shigella sonnei, subclades were determined using Mykrobe. Relatedness of isolates, including 21 international reference genomes, was assessed with core genome multilocus sequence typing. In total, 109 isolates were included, of which 27 were from females (25 %) and 66 were from males (61 %), with which the majority (n=48, 73 %) being from MSM. No information on sex was available for the remaining 16 cases. The WGS data for all isolates, comprising 55 S. sonnei, 52 Shigella flexneri, 1 Shigella boydii and 1 Shigella dysenteriae, met the quality criteria. In total, 14 clusters containing 51 isolates (49 %) were identified, with a median cluster size of 2.5 cases (range: 2-15). Nine out of 14 clusters were MSM-associated, and 8 clusters (57 %) were travel-related. Six of the MSM clusters were related to international reference genomes. The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance markers was higher among isolates from MSM than non-MSM patients, particularly for ciprofloxacin (89 vs 33 %) and azithromycin (58 vs 17 %). In conclusion, about half of Shigella spp. patients were part of a cluster, of which a substantial part were related to international reference genomes, particularly among MSM, and a high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance markers was found. These findings indicate widespread international circulation of Shigella spp., particularly among MSM, with multidrug resistance that hampers treatment of patients. Moreover, the results of this study led to the implementation of a national WGS-based laboratory surveillance programme for Shigella spp. that started in April 2022.

Presentation of the Hazardous Environment in the Light of Firefighting Activity

The purpose of this article is to present the dangers facing firefighters during various interventions. It is a challenge for firefighters to deal with various hazards every day, be it firefighting, technical rescue, or even fire investigation. Intellectual readiness, professional knowledge, and a state of work are necessary to be able to handle a given situation effectively and professionally. In this article, the authors present both the hazards of firefighting work, with a brief overview of the consequences of climate change and technological development. To prepare the article, the authors processed several international and domestic literature and case studies, based on which the topic was presented extensively. At the end of the article, several accident prevention proposals and solutions related to the topic are mentioned. Based on these, the authors propose some development directions in the field of safety that may be suitable for more extensive protection against various threats.

실종 대응의 효과성 확보를 위한 기관협력 방안

As society, industry, and culture continued to develop and have complex connections with each other, the causes and effects of various problems in our society as well as their effects became complex interrelationships. Fragmentary approaches or attempts to solve various social problems inevitably face limitations. The handling of missing person cases cannot be an exception. Even though current laws also stipulate the responsibilities, practice needs more effective design and comprehensive measures. For this purpose, this paper examined the level of cooperation of the institution, and found implications from domestic and foreign cases. Considering this analysis, are suggested, as countermeasures, an integrated management system, systematic collection and sharing of the information, effective use of personal information and private CCTV recording, cooperation to search from private sector, and a professional supporting system for returned and family of missing person.

‘장소 만들기(Place Making)’관점의 역사 문화거리 공공디자인에 관한 고찰

We are experiencing conflicts and reckless development of public space design due to overload of place marketing. As an alternative to overcome this, the concept of 'making a place' through the initiative of the local community is in line with the public space design of the historical and cultural street, and the consideration of the alternative design direction is the purpose of this study. purpose and necessity. Accordingly, through the conceptual interpretation of placeness and sense of place, the historical and cultural street place identity is redefined, and the correlation between shared value and placemaking is made a lower concept with history, cultural locality and spatial characteristics as the upper concept. Therefore, two domestic cases were considered. As a result, in small-scale public space design using historical and cultural regeneration, the method of making a place can be actively utilized and becomes an alternative to overcome the local crisis. It was confirmed that the shared value implied by the place selected as this request and case was shown in the order of mediation > experience > symbol > practical value.

AI 채용시스템 도입성과

This study examines how AI technology is being used in the recruitment process through domestic and international case studies of AI recruitment systems such as Google, Softbank, Unilever, Amazon, Loreal, Samsung, Lotte, SK, KB Kookmin Bank, Hyundai and LG, and seeks to verify the introduction performance of AI recruitment systems, and presents matters to be considered when companies select AI recruitment systems. AI Recruitment system improves the time efficiency, work efficiency, objectivity and accuracy of the recruitment process, allows a wider pool of applicants, and provides more fair opportunities for evaluation to candidates. Despite these effect, the following points should be considered when companies want to introduce AI Recruitment system. 1) AI HRM cannot guarantee positive results for all companies, 2) and companies should have personnel managers who are in charge of AI Recruitment system and a system to apply Recruitment, 3) In addition, the purpose of introducing AI Recruitment system should be established. 4) Also, It should be recognized in advance that the application of AI Recruitment system may show unintended consequences such as prejudice, 5) AI Recruitment system cannot replace everything in the realm of human beings, 6) Finally, since it takes a long time to implement AI Recruitment system in order to examine its effectiveness, companies should review the need for AI Recruitment system as well as cost.

Understanding and Pursuing Labor Trafficking Cases Collaboratively

The disparity between sex and labor federal prosecutions in the United States underscores the significant degree to which labor trafficking investigations and prosecutions have been marginalized since the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) was enacted in 2000 in the United States. This article focuses on the issue of labor trafficking and considers the importance of collaborating with multi-agency, multi-jurisdictional organizations to successfully pursue labor trafficking cases. Labor trafficking in the United States is defined, the importance of executive leadership support is reviewed, and suggestions for stakeholders to proactively identify potential foreign national and domestic labor trafficking cases are explored using the barrier model. A discussion of the trauma experienced by labor trafficking victims is made to further underscore the importance of including service providers in anti-labor trafficking collaborations.

빈집 발생 결정요인 분석을 통한 활용방안에 관한 연구

In Korea, since the 2000s, the number of vacant houses has exceeded 1.3 million due to the rapid decrease in population, low birth rate, aging population, and increase in single-person households. Neglect of empty houses increases the possibility of causing safety problems such as waste of resources and collapse, harming the surrounding aesthetics, and causing serious crimes such as the ‘broken windows theory’. Therefore, the cause of the empty house was analyzed, and the utilization plan was presented accordingly. Among the determinants of vacant housing occurrence, the ratio of recipients of basic livelihood security (%), the ratio of aging population (%), the ratio of deterioration of housing (%), and the number of convenience facilities in the location (number) were found to have a significant positive (+) relationship with the ratio of vacant houses. On the other hand, the rate of moving outside (%) and the grade of accessibility to public transportation (grade) were found to have a significant negative (-) relationship with the rate of vacant houses. The plan to utilize vacant houses analyzed based on domestic and overseas cases is, first, to transform vacant houses into tourism and accommodation facilities that reflect the characteristics of the region. Second, it is to be used as a unique and diverse cultural space. Third, it is used as a space for the socially underprivileged. Fourth, it is used as a space where foreigners can settle down stably.