Domestic Cases Research Articles

Characteristics of imported and domestic malaria cases in Gyeonggi Province, Republic of Korea.

This study explored 11 years of malaria data from mandatory reporting in Gyeonggi Province, Korea, to provide information for prevention strategies by linkage to nationwide health claims data. Reported malaria cases in Gyeonggi Province from 2011 to 2021 were linked to medical usage data from the National Health Insurance Database. Data about hospitalization, antibiotic prescription and duration, malarial species, and sociodemographic information of the cases were included. Between 2011 and 2021, a total of 3,011 malaria cases were reported, consisting of 2,828 domestic (93.9%) and 183 imported (6.1%) cases. Over 80% of the cases involved males, with the majority of patients being in their 20s. Both domestic and imported cases peaked between June and August over the years. Imported cases had a higher hospitalization rate (66.9%) compared to domestically-acquired cases (54.9%). There was a significant variation in treatment rates, with 80.7% of imported cases and 74.6% of domestic cases receiving treatment. For domestic cases, chloroquine combined with primaquine was the most commonly prescribed treatment (77.0%), while atovaquone-proguanil was frequently used for imported cases (25.9%). Plasmodium vivax was the predominant species in domestic cases (94.9%), whereas Plasmodium malariae was more common in imported cases (62.3%). The overall number of reported malaria cases declined following a sharp decrease in imported cases in 2020 and 2021. Despite a decreasing trend in malaria cases reported in Gyeonggi Province, imported cases exhibited higher hospitalization rates and different antibiotic prescription and treatment patterns, reflecting the presence of a different malarial species.

Rabies surveillance in the United States during 2022.

To provide comprehensive epidemiological information about the distribution and occurrence of rabies during 2022 in the US, Canada, and Mexico. The US National Rabies Surveillance System collected 2022 animal rabies data from US state and territorial public health departments and USDA Wildlife Services. Temporal and geographic analyses were conducted to evaluate trends in animal rabies cases. During 2022, 54 US jurisdictions reported 3,579 animal rabies cases, reflecting a 2.3% decline from 3,663 cases reported in 2021. Six states collectively reported > 50% of animal rabies cases: Texas (395 [11.0%]), Virginia (337 [9.4%]), Pennsylvania (329 [9.2%]), New York (267 [7.5%]), North Carolina (264 [7.4%]), and California (241 [6.7%]). Out of the total reported rabies animal cases, 3,234 (90.4%) were attributed to wildlife, with bats (1,218 [34.0%]), raccoons (1,014 [28.3%]), skunks (660 [18.4%]), and foxes (269 [7.5%]) representing the primary hosts confirmed with rabies. Rabid cats (222 [6.2%]), cattle (42 [1.2%]), and dogs (50 [1.4%]) constituted > 90% of reported domestic animal rabies cases. In 2022, there was an increase in the number of animal samples submitted for rabies testing in the US and Canada. A notable geographic expansion of gray fox rabies virus variant was detected in the US. Three human rabies deaths due to vampire bat rabies infection occurred in Mexico; none were reported from the US and Canada. Laboratory diagnosis of rabies in animals is critical to ensure judicious use of human rabies postexposure prophylaxis.

Molecular characterization of rabies virus from wild and domestic animals in the Sultanate of Oman.

Rabies virus (RV) is endemic in some Arabian countries. However, it is difficult to control RV without understanding the epidemiological evolution of endemic RV isolates. The current study aimed to characterize RV from domestic and wild animal clinical cases in Oman. Twelve brain samples from domestic (Five camels, three goats and one cattle) and wild animals (Two foxes and one honey badger) were investigated from different locations in Oman between 2017 and 2020. All samples were confirmed by RV nucleoprotein (N) gene-specific primers. Seven out of the 12 amplified samples were successfully sequenced and subjected to sequence and phylogenetic analysis. The detected RVs shared an in-between 96.8%-98.7% and 96.9%-99% nucleotide and amino acid identities, respectively. However, the wild animal RVs shared only 92.6%-93.9% and 95.9% nucleotide and amino acid identities with the domestic animal RVs, respectively. Negri bodies were detected histologically in six brain samples from camels (n = 3), goats (n = 1) and foxes (n = 2). The RVs from domestic animals shared 97%-98.7% and 98%-100% nucleotide and amino acid identities with the previously published fox RVs from Oman and Gulf countries. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that all RV sequences belong to a distinct clade confined to the previously reported clade V within the Middle Eastern Cluster. As indicated by the analysis of RVs from different locations between 2017 and 2020, a genetic variant isolated to the Gulf region may exist within the Middle East clade. Moreover, it appears that new RV lineages are emerging rapidly within this region. Therefore, a comprehensive genomic and phylogenetic analysis of the circulating RV is important for the development of future prevention and control strategies.

Transfer Pricing End-of-Year Adjustments in Italy

This article discusses the regulations and practices in Italy regarding year-end adjustments in transfer pricing, highlighting the relevance of the OECD guidelines, the interpretations provided by the Italian tax Administration and pertinent domestic case law.

Research on the Path of Further Deepening the Reform and Internationalization of English Education in the Hainan Free Trade Zone

With the establishment of the Hainan Free Trade Zone (FTZ), the internationalization of English education has become a key element of the region’s educational reform efforts. As globalization intensifies, fostering an internationalized English education system is crucial for improving the competitiveness and global positioning of the Hainan FTZ. This study explores the multiple pathways and strategies for promoting the internationalization of English education in the Hainan FTZ, focusing on aspects such as policy support, curriculum reform, teacher training, international collaboration, and the effective allocation of educational resources. By examining the current state of English education in the region, identifying key challenges, and drawing insights from successful domestic and international cases—particularly from free trade zones elsewhere—this paper offers actionable recommendations. These suggestions aim to enhance the region’s educational outcomes, thereby bolstering the Hainan FTZ’s broader objectives of economic growth and enhanced global connectivity. The proposed strategies also seek to elevate the international stature of the Hainan FTZ as a regional hub for talent development, international exchange, and soft power enhancement.

Progress in neurosurgical treatment of neurofibromatosis type 1

To summarize the latest developments in neurosurgical treatments for neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and explore therapeutic strategies to provide comprehensive treatment guidelines for clinicians. The recent domestic and international literature and clinical cases in the field of NF1 were reviewed. The main types of neurological complications associated with NF1 and their treatments were thorough summarized and the future research directions in neurosurgery was analyzed. NF1 frequently results in complex and diverse lesions in the central and peripheral nervous systems, particularly low-grade gliomas in the brain and spinal canal and paraspinal neurofibromas. Treatment decisions should be made by a multidisciplinary team. Symptomatic plexiform neurofibromas and tumors with malignant imaging evidence require neurosurgical intervention. The goals of surgery include reducing tumor size, alleviating pain, and improving appearance. Postoperative functional rehabilitation exercises, long-term multidisciplinary follow-up, and psychosocial interventions are crucial for improving the quality of life for patients. Advanced imaging guidance systems and artificial intelligence technologies can help increase tumor resection rates and reduce recurrence. Neurosurgical intervention is the primary treatment for symptomatic plexiform neurofibromas and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors when medical treatment is ineffective and the lesions progress rapidly. Preoperative multidisciplinary assessment, intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring, and advanced surgical assistance devices significantly enhance surgical efficacy and safety. Future research should continue to explore new surgical techniques and improve postoperative management strategies to achieve more precise and personalized treatment for NF1 patients.

Research on investment and financing risk problems and countermeasures of PPP construction projects

This study analyzes financing costs, capital liquidity, policy changes and contract execution risks in PPP project investment and financing, and puts forward strategies such as optimizing financing platforms, reducing costs, strengthening regulations, regulatory coordination and improving prevention capabilities. By exploring the causes and effects of risks, combined with domestic and foreign cases to verify the effectiveness of the strategy. This study enriches the theory of PPP risk management, provides guidance for the practical operation of the project, and promotes the healthy development of the PPP project.

도시형 집합주택의 교육환경 커뮤니티공간 선호도 연구

As interest in children's education grows in densely populated urban residential environments today, community spaces that meet the efficient educational environment needs of collective housing have become a key issue. This study examines domestic and international exemplary cases to review trends and current situations, and explores how cultural and social characteristics related to educational environments and community spaces are being applied in domestic cases and collective housing. Based on publicly available data, a literature review was conducted, followed by a survey analysis for frequency analysis. The results reveal that in order to enhance residential satisfaction through educational approaches, there is a necessity and importance for the design of educational community spaces that reflect local cultural and social needs. This highlights the demand for sustainable designs that can respond to contemporary needs.

플로팅 건축을 활용한 공간 디자인의 특성에 관한 연구

The purpose of this study is to explore the design characteristics of floating architecture, which is gaining attention both domestically and internationally, and to find ways to implement spatial philosophy and address the issues of modern cities. Through theoretical consideration, the study first examines concepts related to sustainability, ESG, and spatial design, setting the main direction of the research. In the main part, various domestic and international cases of floating architecture in residential, commercial, and cultural contexts are reviewed, and eight criteria based on the design characteristics of floating architecture are derived. These criteria are then applied and analyzed according to different categories of case study sites. The results indicate a need for measures to address the lack of planning standards and design guidelines for floating architecture suitable for the domestic environment. It also highlights the necessity of a customized design approach that considers regional characteristics and the surrounding space. Finally, the study suggests the need for spatial design techniques that incorporate ESG concepts in floating architecture, such as energy independence, marine ecosystem protection, and the use of sustainable materials. This research aims to contribute to the active development of studies in the emerging field of floating architecture.

디자인이 연구개발 성과에 미치는 영향 및 성공 사례 분석

The Technology Readiness Level (TRL), which is a research and development stage, is an indicator of the maturity of technology and is used to judge the progress of research and technology. As the TRL stage increases, the development is completed and the level of commercialization is nearing completion. During this process, design intervention is acting as an essential element in commercialization and technology transfer, unlike in the past. In particular, the definition of design concepts and detailed design elements must be made at the prototyping stage of TRL stage 3, which is very advantageous for future technology commercialization. Accordingly, we analyzed the impact and success factors of design by reviewing major domestic and international cases that achieved results through design in various research and development fields (6T) and research purposes. In addition, we investigated the contribution of design through interviews with experts in the field of advanced industrial technology (IT, ET, etc.) using the Good Design evaluation index. In particular, we specified the role of design applicable to each TRL stage based on the design process and presented specific methods such as the definition of design specifications. In conclusion, we have once again confirmed that recognizing the need for designers' active participation in R&D projects and establishing a convergence process centered on commercialization through design convergence are very important factors in creating R&D results.

CIGS박막전지를 이용한 컬러BIPV 디자인 현황 및 사례고찰

This study examines the development status of domestic color solar cells and eight domestic and international application sites to overcome the limitations of early-stage BIPV modules that focus only on expanding and distributing power generation and do not meet various building regulations and rules, and to solve somewhat neglected building and cityscape problems. In addition, it analyzes its characteristics to improve the misconceptions and limitations of existing BIPV and to contribute to improving domestic architectural application conditions and future energy policies by reborn as a true product with the function of building exterior materials. In this study, it was found through domestic and international cases that the common feature of BIPV installation cases using CIGS thin-film cells is that BIPV is installed on the entire exterior of a building to meet power generation while pursuing consistency in the design of the exterior, and that CIGS modules satisfy most of the architectural functions that BIPV should have. In addition, although the inevitable efficiency reduction occurs when PV modules have color, it was confirmed that this is a part that must be tolerated to some extent in the comprehensive and combined sense that the ultimate goal of BIPV is to realize sustainable architecture by replacing existing building materials while generating energy. However, there are still many shortcomings in satisfying the color and size required in architecture, and the color that takes into account regional characteristics, so further technological development and advancement are needed.

A compliance and audit model for tackling tax evasion in Nigeria

Tax evasion remains a significant challenge for Nigeria, undermining economic stability and reducing public revenue. This paper proposes a comprehensive compliance and audit model designed to address tax evasion in Nigeria. The model integrates enhanced compliance strategies, advanced audit procedures, and the strategic use of technology to create a robust framework for tackling tax evasion. The proposed model emphasizes proactive measures to improve taxpayer compliance through targeted education and outreach programs, streamlined reporting processes, and incentivization. On the audit front, it advocates for the adoption of sophisticated audit techniques and technologies, including data analytics and automated systems, to detect and address evasion more effectively. The implementation framework outlines a phased approach involving key stakeholders such as the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS), local tax authorities, and the private sector. By examining domestic and international case studies, the paper highlights successful practices and potential challenges, providing actionable insights for adapting these strategies to the Nigerian context. Evaluation metrics are proposed to assess the model’s effectiveness, with expected outcomes including improved tax revenue, enhanced compliance rates, and strengthened public trust in the tax system. The study concludes with recommendations for further research and policy adjustments to refine and expand the model's application. This approach aims to not only mitigate tax evasion but also contribute to a more transparent and equitable tax system in Nigeria.

관공서 스마트 오피스 구축에 관한 연구 : 사용자 조사 및 국내·외 사례조사 분석을 중심으로

In recent years, the social trend of emphasizing work-life balance (Work-Life Balance) and the introduction of the 52-hour workweek system have highlighted the need for smart offices focused on work efficiency. Public institutions are also actively pursuing the implementation of smart offices. This paper aims to provide guidelines for establishing smart offices in public institutions, based on field surveys and user studies of a public office currently undergoing relocation planning. Through a spatial usage survey of Public Office A, which is in the process of relocation planning, and user surveys and interviews with staff, this study identifies office space improvement needs and requirements. Furthermore, by analyzing domestic and international case studies of smart office implementations in public institutions, this paper offers practical directions for the establishment of smart offices in public institutions. Based on the surveys and interviews conducted, the study addresses the specific requirements of each department, ensures a clear understanding of and engagement with spatial needs, and incorporates insights from successful international examples. This paper highlights the importance of applying innovative spatial designs that can improve the current organizational culture, facilitating active communication and collaboration.

Marketing Strategies of Cultural Tourism Industry under Media Convergence Background

The advent of the era of media convergence has broken down the barriers between traditional and emerging media, bringing profound changes to the marketing models of the cultural tourism industry. This paper explores the impact of media convergence on the development of the cultural tourism industry by analyzing its concepts and characteristics. It further delves into the application of diversified media channel integration, digital, and interactive marketing strategies. By building an integrated media matrix and fostering cross-industry collaborations, cultural tourism can maximize brand communication effectiveness, enhancing consumer engagement and loyalty. This study also examines typical domestic and international cases to summarize the successful experiences and practical paths of cultural tourism marketing strategies in the context of media convergence. The research suggests that the cultural tourism industry should continue to focus on media convergence trends, innovating marketing strategies to enhance market competitiveness and achieve a win-win situation for both cultural and economic benefits.

로컬기반의 창업교육 교육과정 및 교과목 개발 사례 연구 : T대학 「로컬콘텐츠 중점대학」 사례를 중심으로

Recently, efforts to foster young entrepreneurs who can settle in the region are expanding through the active introduction and activation of various local entrepreneurship education and support programs for balanced development of the community. This study attempted to present examples and implications of startup-based local content-focused universities that local universities plan to operate, based on previous research on regional innovation systems, domestic and international advanced cases, and the results of reviewing local government startup support policies. . As a result of the study, looking at local industrial trends, it is necessary to operate courses that can offset the obstacles to starting a business and difficulties after starting a business, and there is a need to open related courses for nurturing local creators and courses on analyzing startup market trends.In addition, more attention is needed on the government and local governments' support policies related to start-ups, and practical training such as mentoring should be supplemented so that those preparing to start a business can receive support through the relevant policies. In addition, there is a need to clarify the identity of future roles of those receiving training, and the areas of commercializing resources such as community, culture, and infrastructure should be reflected in the curriculum. The results of this study may provide implications for expanding local-based entrepreneurship education leading models and curricular and non-curricular programs under the regional innovation system in the future.

Innovation and Practice of Diversified Business Model of New Energy Power Generation Enterprises

With the growing global demand for clean energy, new energy power generation enterprises are facing new opportunities and challenges. This paper explores the diversified business model of new energy power generation enterprises. Firstly, the theoretical basis of the business model of new energy power generation enterprises is analyzed, including the characteristics and income sources of single and multiple industrial chain models. The advantages and applications of different business models are analyzed through the study of cases at home and abroad, such as the European aggregated generation side resource model, the United States focused on controllable load demand response model, and the domestic cases of Shanghai and Shenzhen virtual power plant projects and distributed photovoltaic power generation. Then it puts forward the diversified business model innovation strategy of new energy power generation enterprises, covering the innovation of comprehensive energy services, the development of power side energy storage business, and the expansion of key businesses and profit models. Finally, the research conclusions are summarized and the future research directions are prospected. In short, the exploration of diversified business models of new energy power generation enterprises is of great significance to promote the development of clean energy and improve the competitiveness of enterprises.

Research on the Regulatory Path of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Judicial Decision-Making

With the rapid development of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology, its potential applications in the field of judicial decision-making are becoming increasingly apparent. This paper explores the current state of generative AI in judicial rulings, highlighting its advantages and challenges, and analyzes the corresponding regulatory needs. By constructing a theoretical framework, the paper proposes regulatory paths suitable for this field, including the establishment of a legal framework, the design of regulatory mechanisms, and the promotion of social participation. Through the study of relevant domestic and international cases, this paper aims to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the standardized application of generative AI, thereby promoting its safe and efficient development in the judicial domain.

Digital Technology Reshapes the Tax Collection and Administration System: Impacts, Challenges and Future Prospects

With the rapid development of digital technologies, their profound impact on the global economy and social structure has become increasingly evident, and the tax collection and administration system is no exception. This paper aims to comprehensively examine how digital technologies reshape the tax collection and administration system, deeply analyze their far-reaching effects on collection efficiency, tax compliance, and tax services, and reveal the challenges encountered in the process as well as potential solutions. Firstly, the paper outlines the basic principles and characteristics of digital technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, and blockchain, and showcases their widespread applications and achievements in the field of tax collection and administration through domestic and international practical cases. Subsequently, the paper delves into the multidimensional impacts of digital technologies on the tax collection and administration system. On the one hand, they drive innovation in collection models, facilitating the transition from traditional to modern and manual to intelligent approaches. On the other hand, by optimizing data collection, processing, and analysis processes, digital technologies significantly enhance collection efficiency. Additionally, they strengthen the transparency of tax policies and regulatory efforts, thereby promoting taxpayer compliance. Furthermore, the application of digital technologies enriches tax service channels, elevates service quality, and better satisfies taxpayers' diverse and personalized needs. However, the advancement of digital tax collection and administration also confronts numerous challenges, including technical issues such as data security, technical compatibility, and privacy protection; legal and institutional challenges related to adaptability and systemic barriers; as well as societal acceptance challenges concerning cognitive and attitudinal changes among taxpayers and tax officials. In response to these challenges, this paper proposes specific strategies such as strengthening technological innovation, improving laws and regulations, and enhancing social awareness and training, aiming to provide robust support for the sustainable development of digital tax collection and administration. Looking ahead, as big data, artificial intelligence, blockchain, and other technologies continue to mature and expand their applications, the tax collection and administration system will undergo even more profound transformations. The paper predicts the future development trends of these technologies and envisions their enormous potential in enhancing tax collection efficiency, promoting tax fairness and transparency, and strengthening international cooperation and exchanges. Finally, the paper summarizes the research findings, emphasizes the theoretical and practical value of the study, and proposes issues and areas worthy of further exploration in the field of digital tax collection and administration.

Case Study and Literature Review on 3D Data Acquisition Technology for Small Artifacts

This study typification artifacts and data acquisition technologies and derived implications through a survey of domestic and oversea cases related to 3D data acquisition technology for small artifacts equal to or less than 15 cm. In terms of the type of relics, ceramics and earthenware(44.8%) and metals(27.6%) occupied the top ranks, while the proportion of wood and stone was relatively very low. In terms of technology, X-ray CT(61.2%), 3D scanning(15.5%), and photogrammetry(11.7%) showed high utilization rates. In order to ensure the sustainability and utilization of cultural heritage at a macro level, it is necessary to establish an accurate analysis of relics and a preservation strategy that complements the limitations of 3D data acquisition technology through the convergence of various technologies to increase the effectiveness of data acquisition, and to determine the external shape of the relics. An in-depth approach to future convergence technology is required to acquire high-precision 3D data, including information as well as internal structure and manufacturing techniques.

Family Courts in England & Wales: A population-level evidence base about court users who experience domestic abuse

ObjectivesThe caseload of family courts in England and Wales includes a growing share of domestic abuse cases. To increase knowledge about such cases, the research uses new administrative datasets and linkages. Trends between 2011-2021 are examined in the context of policy and operational changes. MethodThe complete set of family court cases is held in HM Courts & Tribunals Services (HMCTS) systems. Some family court data are collected by the Children and Families Court Advisory Support Service (Cafcass), insofar as courts refer the case to Cafcass. Using their new linkage, we conduct a descriptive analysis of domestic abuse cases in England and Wales over the ten years from 2011. This project is one of the first to gain approval from HMCTS to use their de-identified family court data. ResultsThe data linkage allows to describe how court users approach domestic abuse matters, drawing distinctions between: emergency cases; lack of legal representation in court (litigants in person); repeat applications; presence of children in the household. Furthermore, the data show how courts respond through case management, timeliness of decisions and legal outcomes made. The policy context reveals how court users adapted to changes in eligibility for civil legal aid and to changes over how courts operated under lockdown measures. ConclusionData linkage research is providing an evidence base at population level about court users in England and Wales who experience domestic abuse. This can help inform practice to support families, and policies to ease overburdened courts and avoid returns to court.