Domestic Beef Research Articles

Perilaku Penawaran Peternak Sapi di Indonesia dalam Merespon Perubahan Harga (Supply Behaviour of Cattle Farmers in Indonesia to Respond the Price Changes)

Demand for beef in Indonesia keeps growing and it leads to increased gap between its low production and high consumption (excess demand). The impact is an increasing trend of domestic beef price. Eventhough, the beef farmers in Indonesia don’t respond to the price changes. In this study, an attempt has been made to examine the supply response of beef farmers in Indonesia by using Error Correction Model (ECM). The result showed that (1) the beef supply influenced by the number of cattle cut which is variable availability; (2) the price of dairy milk, the price of feed, and the price of beef the world have negative influence; (3) cattle farmers not responsive to the price change as spatially subsistence.

Impacts of corn price and imported beef price on domestic beef price in South Korea

South Korea is one of the largest beef importing countries in the world. Australia, USA, and New Zealand provide the majority of beef they import. The objective of this study is to evaluate the price relationship of Korean cattle and corn, prices of the imported beef and corn, and prices of Korean cattle and imported beef. We examine threshold points using threshold vector autoregressive (TVAR) model by assuming the presence of nonlinearity. We find that there are two thresholds in Australian beef price with first difference data. This study finds that the current Korean beef price is positively affected by increasing in the previous month of Australian beef price in first and second regimes. Changing in previous corn price has no significant impact on current Korean cattle price in the second regime. In the third regime, we find that current Korean cattle price is positively affected by previous corn price whereas no impact from previous Australian beef price. In this study, we could not use data for the USA due to the periods of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). However, we expect that current Korean beef price is significantly affected by changing in the previous month of US beef price using data after the periods of BSE.

Análisis de control sintético al impacto doméstico de la restricción a la exportación de carne en Bolivia

Este documento analiza el impacto de la política de restricción a las exportaciones de carne bovina establecida en Bolivia en 2008, a consecuencia de los efectos adversos del fenómeno de 'La Niña', sobre la oferta doméstica del mismo producto alimenticio. Para realizar nuestra estimación aplicamos el método de control sintético, con un panel de datos conformado por 128 países entre 1995 y 2013, incluido Bolivia, con información macroeconómica, comercial, de infraestructura y mediterraneidad, con el fin de construir un contrafactual sintético' para comparación con el país que permita aproximar el impacto de dicha política sobre los resultados del mercado interno del producto en cuestión. Empíricamente y en línea con similares estudios, encontramos que la implementación de esta política comercial restrictiva fue contraproducente a su objetivo de reabastecimiento paulatino del mercado doméstico de carne bovina. Argumentamos que la política de restricción a la exportación implicó un desincentivo para los productores ganaderos, ralentizando la recuperación de su actividad productiva posterior a los eventos climáticos adversos que motivaron su implementación.

Emerging markets for imported beef in China: Results from a consumer choice experiment in Beijing

The purpose of this study is to explore emerging markets for imported beef in China by assessing Beijing consumer demand for quality attributes. This study utilizes data from an in-store choice experiment to evaluate consumer willingness-to-pay for select food quality attributes (food safety, animal welfare, Green Food and Organic certification) taking into account country-of-origin information. Our results show that Beijing consumers value food safety information the most, and are willing to pay more for Australian beef products than for US or domestic (Chinese) beef. We explore the various relationships between the quality attributes, find evidence of preference heterogeneity and discuss agribusiness and marketing implications of our findings.

Retrospective Economic Analysis of Foot and Mouth Disease Eradication in the Latin American Beef Sector

ABSTRACTFoot‐and‐mouth disease (FMD) damaged Latin America's beef sector through both production losses and limits to international market access in the early to mid‐2000s. Using a base year of 2001, we utilize historical FMD outbreak data and a global economic model to estimate the consequences of FMD on domestic beef production, prices and trade across markets in multiple Latin American countries. Results show that, had FMD been prevented in 2001, Latin America may have benefited from increased access to the world market but relatively small impacts may have occurred on world beef prices. Regional welfare could have improved over observed 2001 market conditions. Regionally, Uruguay may have benefited most if production losses resulting from FMD would have been mitigated. [JEL Classifications: F10; Q11; Q17].

Analysis on Indonesia’s beef import

This research aims to analyze the effect of imported beef price, per capita income (GDP), and domestic beef price toward the volume of Indonesia’s beef import within the period of 1998-2014 by using Error Correction Model (ECM) analysis method. The research result shows that the variables used in this research have significant effect in short term, except per capita income. In long term, all of the variables have significant effect toward beef import. The conducted Wald test displays that restriction is invalid wh

Market Power of Domestic Marketers and its Influence on the Consequences of the Korea–US and Korea–Australia FTAs on the Beef Market

Domestic, US and Australian beef, which are differentiated by country of origin, are sold in Korea. In this differentiated product market, tariff reductions through Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) are expected to strengthen the competitiveness of imported beef and, therefore, to mitigate the effects arising from the market power of domestic marketers. The present study develops a simulation model that evaluates this mitigating effect by explicitly reflecting the market structure that domestic beef marketers constitute. The simulation results indicate that the farm-retail marketing margin would decrease by 10.59% or 6.79% due to the Korea–US and Korea–Australia FTAs, respectively, if domestic beef marketers formed a cartel or an oligopoly market (i.e. the degree of market power is 0.5), while the marketing margin under a competitive market scenario is simulated to have no change. The value of beef production would decrease by 1009 million dollars if the marketers form a cartel and hence exercise monopoly power. The FTAs are simulated to reduce the value of beef production by 564 million dollars under the competitive market scenario.

Imported and Domestic Beef: Are They Substitutes or Complements?

ABSTRACTThis paper uses a translog processing cost function to test whether imported beef and domestic beef are substitutes or complements. Findings suggest that imported beef and domestic beef are substitutes, thus giving grounds to the claim by U.S. cattle producers that beef imports decrease the use of domestic beef. The effect of a price decline of beef imports has more pronounced effect on the use of cull cow beef than carcass beef, with the latter dropping by more than three times the former during the sample period.

An economic analysis of the Cattlemen’s Beef Promotion and Research Board demand-enhancing programmes

ABSTRACTThe research reported here addressed two objectives. The first objective was to measure the overall impact of the Cattlemen’s Beef Board as well as eight-specific advertising, promotion and research activities on US beef demand. The second objective was to compute marginal benefit–cost ratios (BCRs) for the eight individual checkoff activities and for the overall programme. The results indicated that Cattlemen’s Beef Board’s Promotion activities increased total domestic beef demand by 15.7 billion pounds in total, or 2.1 billion pounds per year between 2006 and 2014. Collectively, the overall marginal BCR for all Cattlemen’s Beef Board activities was $11.20.

Peningkatan Produksi dan Kualitas Daging Sapi Lokal Melalui Penggemukan Berbasis Serealia pada Taraf Energi yang Berbeda

Local beef cattle is still the major source of domestic beef consumption, yet their productivity and quality is relatively low. This study was aimed to investigate productivity and meat quality traits of local beef cattle through fattening using cereals based concentrate containing different energy level. Nine Ongole cattle with average initial liveweight of 254.67 ± 20.7 kg and age between I1-I2 permanent incisor teeth were used in the study. They were fattened for four months and alloted into three different energy rations; they were low (ER) 57.88% TDN, medium (ES) 63.72% TDN, and high (ET) 69.67% TDN. The three rations had simmilar protein contents, between 12.42-12.96%. Observed parameters included cattle performance (ration and nutrition dry mater intake, daily gain, and feed conversion), carcass traits (carcass weight and percentage, fat thickness, and loin eye area at the 12th rib), and meat quality traits (pH, water holding capacity, tenderness, cooking loss, marbling score, and meat color). The results showed that cattle fed with high energy (ET) ration had the highest body weight and marbling score, and more efficient in feed conversion than medium (ES) and low energy (ER) rations. Local beef cattle productivity and there meat quality could be improve through fattening using high energy cereals based concentrate.

Profiling of antimicrobial resistance and plasmid replicon types in β-lactamase producingEscherichia coliisolated from Korean beef cattle

In this study, 78 isolates of Escherichia coli isolated from Korean beef cattle farms were investigated for the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and/or AmpC β-lactamase. In the disc diffusion test with ampicillin, amoxicillin, cephalothin, ceftiofur, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and cefoxitin, 38.5% of the isolates showed resistance to all of ampicillin, amoxicillin, and cephalothin. The double disc synergy method revealed that none of the isolates produced ESBL or AmpC β-lactamases. DNA sequencing showed that all isolates encoded genes for TEM-1-type β-lactamase. Moreover, 78.2% of the isolates transferred the TEM-1-type β-lactamase gene via conjugation. In plasmid replicon typing of all donors, IncFIB and IncFIA were identified in 71.4% and 41.0% of plasmids, respectively. In transconjugants, IncFIB and IncFIA were the most frequent types detected (61.5% and 41.0%, respectively). Overall, the present study indicates that selection pressures of antimicrobials on β-lactamases in beef cattle may be low relative to other livestock animals in Korea. Moreover, to reduce selection pressure and dissemination of β-lactamase, the long-term surveillance of antimicrobial use in domestic beef cattle should be established.

Determinantes da demanda internacional de carne bovina brasileira: evidências de quebras estruturais

O objetivo deste artigo é verificar as variáveis de impacto na demanda internacional por carne bovina entre janeiro de 1995 e junho de 2013. O método utilizado foi de Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários com Quebras, obtendo-se quatro quebras, cinco regimes. As variáveis independentes na regressão foram os preços de exportação e internos das carnes de bovinos, frangos e suínos, além da renda e da taxa de câmbio. No primeiro regime, a demanda por carne bovina foi elástica em relação aos preços, tanto interno quanto externo, da carne de frango e preço interno da carne bovina. Porém, a elasticidade-renda foi mais significativa. No segundo regime, a relação de preços externos foi inelástica. A elasticidade-renda foi significativa neste regime e houve impacto da taxa de câmbio. No terceiro regime, a demanda foi inelástica em relação aos preços externos das carnes de frango e bovina e elástica aos preços internos das mesmas carnes. A taxa de câmbio também teve impacto significativo. No quarto regime, a demanda foi elástica em relação ao preço interno e inelástica em relação aos preços externos e internos do frango. A renda passa a ser novamente significativa. No quinto regime, a demanda é elástica em relação ao preço externo dos suínos, interno do bovino e à renda. Houve tendência significativa de crescimento no segundo regime e de recessão no primeiro e terceiro regimes.

Effect of replacement rate, crossbreeding and sexed semen on the efficiency of beef production from dairy herds in Finland

In Finland, during the past 10 years, the number of dairy cows has declined considerably leading to decreased domestic beef production which is partly compensated by increased suckler beef production. However, production of meat originating from dairy herds has been shown to be economically more profitable and to produce less greenhouse gas emissions per unit of product than beef production from suckler cow systems. Therefore, when safeguarding beef self-sufficiency, the intensification of beef production from dairy herds is a more promising option to consider. In this study, the possibility of different options for increasing dairy beef production was assessed by using a deterministic simulation. Increasing the use of crossbreeding in dairy herds, especially when combined with the use of Y-sorted semen, appeared to be the most efficient strategy for increasing dairy beef production. The decrease in the replacement rate increased beef production through the potential for enhancing crossbreeding.

Identifying Archetypes of an Enhanced System Dynamics Causal Loop Diagram in Pursuit of Strategies to Improve Smallholder Beef Farming in Java, Indonesia

More than 70% of the national beef herd of Indonesia is controlled by smallholders, who therefore play a vital role in beef cattle development programs. This paper reports on a study into disappointing results of recent government policy initiatives on practices of smallholder beef farmer groups in rural Java, Indonesia. Despite funding aimed at increasing the national beef herd and domestic beef production though enhancing smallholder productivity, perverse effects of declining reproductive rates and breeding cow numbers are being observed. Smallholder beef farming is a complex system. It involves multiple actors including farmers, farmer groups, farmer households, researchers, government officers, and traders. The interactions of these stakeholders are characterised by power asymmetry, whereby smallholders, whether as individuals or as members of groups possessing social entity, experience less power and access to privileges than other actors. For effective research aimed at system improvement, an approach capable of recognising system complexity, multiple perspectives and social power asymmetry is necessary. In the body of systems thinking, System Dynamics (SD) is considered to be a powerful tool, as it enables the construction of rigorous models and visualisation of the causal linkages among variables which might influence the system’s performance. One of the fundamental essences of SD is the identification of system archetypes: generic systems structures describing the common dynamic processes which characterise the behaviour of the system. System archetypes provide simplified insights into the system’s structures. Analysing system archetypes can assist in the identification of system leverage points, i.e. the places where an intervention should have the most influence on systems behaviour. However, when dealing with a social entity like a smallholder group, SD is considered to be a researcher-centrist methodology, as it lacks the instruments to engage multi-stakeholders’ perspectives which are likely to be varied, and is insensitive to the issue of societal power structures. This paper reports on research in which these deficiencies are addressed through complementary application of Soft System Methodology (SSM), which has strength in acknowledging multiple perspectives, and emancipatory Critical System Heuristics (CSH), which can explicitly address power asymmetry, in an effort to enhance SD. A series of interviews and workshops was undertaken to identify the problematic situation of smallholder beef farming in Java. The main research instruments of Rich Picture development, CATWOE analysis of SSM, and the 12 boundary critique questions of CSH were applied sequentially in the problem analysis stage, resulting in a four dimensional structure incorporating motivation, power control, knowledge and legitimacy. Applying SSM and CSH ensured that the perspectives of all stakeholders, including those of the less powerful, were acknowledged, thereby enriching and enhancing subsequent SD modelling. The structured problematic situation was then used to guide investigation of variables which were thought to be contributory. The results were visualized in a conceptual model which was then translated into a causal loop diagram (CLD) consisting of 17 reinforcing and 13 balancing loops which map the feedback loops of the 4 dimensional situation of the smallholder beef system. The CLD was then investigated to identify the system archetypes. Five archetypes were identified: limit to growth, shifting the burden, success to successful, tragedy of the commons fixes that fail . The nature of each archetype is described, and the implications for identification of the possible system leverage points are discussed.

Japanese consumers’ valuation of domestic beef after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident

After the radioactive contamination of agricultural and livestock products caused by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident of March 11, 2011, consumer aversion against purchasing food products from the affected areas has become a major social problem in Japan. We examine how test results for radioactive materials in beef affect consumer valuation of beef produced in no-risk and affected areas using a choice experiment survey of consumers in the Tokyo metropolitan area (N = 392). Respondents were divided into two groups: one faced choice experiment tasks under the current test condition (the test status was only “under the limit”), and the other faced choice experiment tasks under the tightened test condition (with three levels: “below the limit,” “below one-tenth of the limit,” and “undetected”). We found that consumer valuation of “below the limit” beef in the affected area did not differ from that of “below one-tenth of the limit” beef in the affected area. Introducing the tightened status improved consumer valuations of all types of beef in the no-risk area regardless of the test status. However, consumer valuation of “undetected” beef in the affected area was lower than that in the no-risk area. The same measures need to be implemented with great care in both no-risk and affected areas. Otherwise, the effects of measures taken in the affected areas may be diluted.

한국소비자의 쇠고기상품 광우병 검사 및 원산지 표시에 대한 지불의사금액추정

이 논문의 목적은 쇠고기상품 광우병 검사 및 원산지 표시에 대한 한국소비자들의 지불의사금액 추정에 있다. 소비자 지불의사금액 추정을 위해 본 연구에서는 선택실험법이 사용되었다. 특히, 소비자 특성별 쇠고기상품 표시제도에 대한 지불의사금액 차이를 확인하기 위하여 쇠고기 소비관련 위험인지도 및 소비자들의 인구통계학적 특징을 기준으로 소비자를 세분하여 분석이 이루어졌다. 한국소비자들은 광우병 검사표시제도에 강한 선호를 보이는 것으로 분석결과 나타났다. 또한, 위험에 민감한 소비자일수록 광우병 검사표시제도를 더 선호하는 것으로 나타났으며, 위험에 덜 민감한 소비자일수록 원산지표시제도를 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 나이가 젊고 고학력일수록 광우병 검사표시 및 광우병청정국가를 상대적으로 더 선호하는 것으로 분석결과 나타났다.

Growth of Bali bulls fattened with Leucaena leucocephala in Sumbawa, Eastern Indonesia

The contribution of West Nusa Tenggara Province to domestic beef supply in Indonesia is relatively small; however, beef cattle are very important for the livelihoods of smallholder farmers in the region. Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) are the predominant breed, as they are adapted to harsh nutritional conditions, are highly fertile and have low calf mortality (Toelihere 2003). While these cattle are genetically capable of achieving a growth rate of 0.85 kg/d (Mastika 2003), this is rarely achieved as poor nutrition is a severe limitation to animal growth in traditional village systems (Panjaitan 2012). Improving feed quality and supply is vital to increasing growth rates and product quality. Forage tree legumes such as leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) offer the best chance of providing high quality feed to fatten Bali bulls in village systems, where leucaena is well-adapted. Leucaena has been fed for about 2 decades in Sumbawa district of West Nusa Tenggara, although the practice is limited to specific villages, mostly Balinese, even though farmers nearby have similar biophysical conditions and livestock nutrition problems. The objective of this work was to document the practices employed by farmers in Sumbawa to maximize growth rates by feeding leucaena, so that their detailed knowledge can be passed onto other villagers in a pilot roll-out program (Kana Hau 2014).

A Taste for Safer Beef? How Much Does Consumers’ Perceived Risk Influence Willingness to Pay for Country‐of‐Origin Labeled Beef

ABSTRACTPast studies have shown that country of origin labeling (COOL) affects consumers’ demand for food products. However, besides the rationale of ethnocentrism or the desire to support domestic farmers, the underlying motivation for such behavior is not well understood. This study assesses consumers’ preferences for imported and domestic beef through a choice experiment. We found that willingness to pay for country‐of‐origin labeled imported beefsteak is associated with (a) consumers’ perceptions of the categorical risk from consuming beef, (b) consumers’ risk aversion to risks from beef consumption, and (c) consumers’ perceptions of the food‐safety level of imported beef. Results from this study suggest that the advantage of domestic beef over imported beef can be partly explained by consumers’ risk handling behavior. [EconLit citations: Q130].

EMPLOYING AGENT-BASED SIMULATION TO UNDERSTAND THE BEHAVIOR OF DOMESTIC BEEF-CATTLE PRODUCTION

The purpose of this paper is mainly to understand the behavior of domestic beef production through estimating the dynamics of domestic cattle population. Agent based model (ABM) approach and its simulation is employed in this study. The main reason to use this approach is on its capability to accommodate the complexity given existing characteristics in cattle and beef production system. Based on the findings, agent-based model approach performs well in explaining the emergent behavior for agricultural production system, especially cattle production system. Several important implications have also been drawn from this study. Therefore, this study has generated several new insights that will be advantages for further studies.

서울지역에서 유통 중인 쇠고기와 돼지고기로부터 분리된 대장균과 장구균의 분리율 및 항생제 내성

The aim of this study was to investigate the isolation frequency and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Enterococcus spp. from domestic beef and pork on sale in Seoul, Korea. A total of 106 (10.4%) E. coli and 114 (11.2%) Enterococcus spp. from 635 domestic beef and 381 pork samples were isolated and examined for susceptibility to 15 and 11 antimicrobial agents, respectively. The most frequent antimicrobial resistance observed in E. coli isolates was to ampicillin (38.6%), followed by streptocmycin (34.9%) and tetracycline (32.0%). The most frequent antimicrobial resistance in E. faecium isolates was to erythromycin (53.8%) and rifampin (46.1%), and in E. faecalis isolates was to tetracycline (55.7%) and rifampin (55.0%). Among the isolates, multi-drug resistant (MDR) E. coli and Enterococcus spp. strains showing resistances to more than two antimicrobial agents tested were 10.4% and 11.2%, respectively. As a result, appropriate protocols for antimicrobial agents and strategies to reduce antimicrobial resistance will be needed in future.