Documentary Review Research Articles

AI-Professional Development Model for Chemistry Teacher: Artificial Intelligence in Chemistry Education

This study aimed to propose a Professional Development Model (PDM) for chemistry teachers to enhance their professional development in Artificial Intelligence (AI). The research group consisted of 17 chemistry teachers. The study was designed using a particular case study suitable for qualitative research methods. Document review, teacher interviews, and AI opinions were utilized to create the model. Data were analyzed using inductive content analysis. The document analysis emphasized the teachers' knowledge of various topics, such as AI knowledge, AI tools, AI skills, AI ethics, AI attitudes, and AI literacy, to enable them to incorporate AI into their lessons. It was also highlighted that teachers should acquire domain-specific knowledge, skills, and competencies in the areas where artificial intelligence will be integrated. When examining the recommendations of artificial intelligence (ChatGPT and Gemini), it was found that they addressed similar content to the information included in the document analysis. Furthermore, chemistry teachers stated their deficiencies in AI literacy, AI competencies, and developing AI lesson plans. They also stated that AI applications could be included in various subjects such as organic chemistry, chemical experiments, and chemical reactions. Following the analysis of documents and teacher and AI opinions, a 10-step PDM has been proposed to enhance chemistry teachers' professional development in AI.

How automated insurance authorization affects transparency, provider burden, and payer policies and processes: The true impact of prior authorization.

5 Background: Insurance prior authorization (PA) is pervasive in modern oncology treatment, with both Medical and Radiation Oncology ranked among the top 5 in a survey of PA burdens across all medical specialties. The cumbersome process delays patient care and increases provider friction, with a major contributor being the perceived lack of transparency regarding PA decisions. Challenges arise because policies are often located behind portal logins, are inaccessible within the clinical workflow, or are too broad to capture patient nuances. We hypothesized that integrating automated insurance authorization software into the clinical workflow would enhance transparency to payer policies. Additionally, we investigated whether these policies could predict whether authorizations would be issued. Methods: We tracked radiation medicine treatment PA requests at a multisite academic healthcare network. Cases were tracked utilizing a standard clinical EMR. We concurrently implemented InsightRT (Siris Medical, Division of TurningPoint Healthcare), an EMR-integrated software system, to automate authorization documentation by capturing and transmitting patient and treatment characteristics. The online portal informed whether a prescribed treatment met the payer policy and tracked the approval process. A pilot subset of physicians was transitioned to using InsightRT. Results: A total of 1418 non-Medicare/Medicaid PA requests were tracked, with 1235 using the traditional clinical workflow and 183 utilizing InsightRT. The software system indicated 162 (88.5%) were “in policy” and only 2 prescriptions were eventually denied. Of the 21 (11.5%) prescriptions that were "Out of Policy" as indicated by the software, only 1 was denied. Sensitivity and specificity of Insight RT policy determination was 98.8% and 97.6% respectively. Overall, there were 43 denials across a total of 1418 cases with payer review only downgrading or changing 4 cases out of 1418, or 0.3%. The other 39 denials were overturned, with 23 (59%) by peer-to-peer (P2P), and 16 (41%) by documentation review. Conclusions: Automated insurance prior authorization provides increased transparency to the provider with high sensitivity and specificity. However, improvements to payer policies and processes are needed to decrease unnecessary burden and delays to care, as the true impact of PA is limited to 0.3% in this cohort. All cases from 12/23 - 5/24. All Cases from non Medicare/Medicaid 1418 Cases processed in InsightRT 183 Cases processed in EMR and not InsightRT 1235 Denials 43 Overturned denials that went to P2P 23 Overturned denials that only needed clinical documentation 16 Cases with confirmed P2P that were downgraded 4 The True Impact of PA - % of all cases changed due to PA 0.30%

A review of port noise management strategies to improve sonic cohabitation

Sonic cohabitation between port areas and the communities living nearby is a major concern for many cities worldwide. To manage port noise, city governments, port authorities, and even academic researchers have formulated various strategies at different scales. Most of these strategies have been published in a variety of formats (e.g., academic articles, acoustic reports, and governance guidelines), and to our knowledge, have never been compiled and reviewed. The present paper is a review of available documentation and literature to identify trends and practices in port noise management. A Web of Science search and additional reference list checks yielded a total of 69 documents, out of which we identified 41 documents for full review. We found that three main types of strategies are suggested or implemented, namely (1) technical solutions (e.g., noise barriers), (2) design and planning considerations (e.g., traffic calming, buffer zones), and (3) processes and operations (e.g., communication with residents, hours of operation). Few of the suggested or implemented strategies to mitigate noise port are evaluated after implementation. Nearly all of the evaluations rely on acoustic measurements and overlook resident experiences. We discuss ways to better involve residents to improve sonic cohabitation.

Personalised Health Behaviour Support Programme in Adults With Post-COVID Syndrome: A Randomised, Controlled Pilot Feasibility Trial.

We investigated whether a novel 8-week personalised health behaviour support programme, focusing on the stability of symptoms and strategies to improve activities of daily living, was feasible and acceptable in adults with post-COVID syndrome. In this randomised, controlled, pilot feasibility trial, 32 adults with post-COVID syndrome (continued symptoms for ≥ 12 weeks) were randomised 1:1 to receive personalised health behaviour support (self-reported physical activity and symptom diaries, plus seven one-to-one remotely delivered personalised self-management support sessions), once weekly for 8-weeks, or usual care (referral to online 'your COVID-19 recovery' programme). The primary outcome was the feasibility of recruiting and randomising adults with post-COVID syndrome. The secondary outcomes were to assess the acceptability and safety of the intervention and various outcome measures. Of the 48 adults who expressed interest in the study, 32 (67%) were eligible and completed the baseline assessment. All 32 adults were willing to be randomised to either the personalised health behaviour support programme (n = 17) or usual care (n = 15) and 27 (age: 45 ± 12 years) adults completed follow-up at 9 weeks. The intervention was deemed feasible, with high adherence (92% and 94% completion rates for the physical activity and symptom diaries, respectively) and excellent acceptability rates (94% 'liked the intervention a lot'). The intervention was deemed safe, with no symptom exacerbations reported. An 8-week personalised health behaviour support programme was feasible for adults with post-COVID syndrome, with good adherence and acceptability rates. Early pilot data from this small sample also suggests meaningful improvements in physical activity, fatigue and respiratory symptoms. People living with post-COVID syndrome were involved from the outset with the study design, review of study documentation and interpretation of the data following completion. Furthermore, several participants have supported the local dissemination of findings following the completion of the study.

Tanshinone IIA Against Cerebral Ischemic Stroke and Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Review of the Current Documents.

Stroke is a well-known neurological disorder that carries significant morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Cerebral Ischemic Stroke (CIS), the most common subtype of stroke, occurs when thrombosis or emboli form elsewhere in the body and travel to the brain, leading to reduced blood perfusion. Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury (CIRI) is a common complication of CIS and arises when blood flow is rapidly restored to the brain tissue after a period of ischemia. The therapeutic approaches currently recognized for CIS, such as thrombolysis and thrombectomy, have notable side effects that limit their clinical application. Recently, there has been growing interest among researchers in exploring the potential of herbal agents for treating various disorders and malignancies. One such herbal agent with medicinal applications is tanshinone IIA, an active diterpene quinone extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Tanshinone IIA has shown several pharmacological benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotective properties. Multiple studies have indicated the protective role of tanshinone IIA in CIS and CIRI. This literature review aims to summarize the current findings regarding the molecular mechanisms through which this herbal compound improves CIS and CIRI.

Critical Thinking and the Impact on University Education for Sustainable Development

Man by nature is a homo pensantis. This means that he has the capacity to analyze, synthesize, deduce, etc. However, we must question how educational institutions strengthen critical thinking (CP). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze its level in academic tasks assigned in the classroom context based on active methodologies as an integral element of a quality and sustainable education. The methodology was based on a documentary review with a qualitative and bibliometric approach. The corpus consisted of thirty-one articles extracted from the Scopus database. Likewise, the Prisma Technique was used for the exclusion and inclusion of the documents consulted. The writings are from the years 2020 to 2023. The results showed that CP is a limitation for the student, since its exercise demands the use of complex cognitive skills such as analysis, interpretation, inference, evaluation, etc. It was concluded that PC is necessary in the classroom context, since it is important to induce the search for contradictions and assumptions and to question a reasoning accepted as truth, becoming an indispensable requirement for higher education to provide training tools to students to respond to current sustainable needs.

OS FUNDAMENTOS DA PRESUNÇÃO DE RELEVÂNCIA E TRANSCENDÊNCIA PARA O RECURSO ESPECIAL EM AÇÕES DE IMPROBIDADE ADMINISTRATIVA E A EFETIVIDADE DOS DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS

After the promulgation of Constitutional Amendment No. 125/2022, which introduced the relevance filter for the special appeal, it started a debate regarding the concept and scope of this institute, especially when considering the hypotheses of presumption of transcendence inserted in the constitutional text itself. In this research, we seek to address the concept of the relevance filter, focusing on a specific presumption hypothesis addressed in the constitutional text: the presumption of relevance in administrative improbity actions. In this area, using the method of bibliographic and documentary review and an interdisciplinary approach, the aim is, then, to justify the presumption of relevance in this specific hypothesis, proposing the recognition, also, of a presumption of transcendence. In this way, an alternative is proposed to support the possibility of setting precedents of a binding nature in administrative improbity actions, as a general rule, as a way of giving greater effectiveness to a liability regime with outstanding importance in the legal system, aiming to achieve fundamental rights.

Higher Education Marketing Strategy Through 7P To Increase Public Interest (Case Study at STKIP PGRI Trenggalek)

This research aims to find an in-depth picture regarding Higher Education Marketing Strategies through 7P to Increasing Public Interest. This research uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach, a type of field study with a case study design. Data collection techniques include in-depth interviews, direct observation, and documentation review. Data analysis using Triangulation compares and cross-checks the degree of trustworthiness of information obtained through different sources. Research locus at STKIP PGRI Trenggalek. Research results show 7P, product (various services offered), price (relatively cheaper than other universities). Place (location, very strategic and easy to access), Promotion (carried out internally and externally), People (competent and qualified lecturers and employees), Physical Evidence (facilities and infrastructure that meet the requirements to support lectures). Process (The process of lecture activities that can meet student needs). Analysis results via SWOT to determine strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges. Knowing the strengths that STKIP PGRI Trenggalek has, it can be utilized to improve weaknesses and use existing opportunities to avoid threats from external factors. Incessant promotions and always prioritizing service have increased its image and resulted in the number of enthusiasts always increasing.

French colonialism and neocolonialism in Africa: A comprehensive analysis

The study examined how French colonialism has shaped political, economic, and social structures across the continent, focusing on the exploitation of resources, suppression of indigenous governance, and cultural imposition. It further delves into neocolonialism, where former colonies, despite gaining independence, remain economically dependent and politically influenced by France through mechanisms such as economic aid, military interventions, and Francophone networks. The study was qualitative in nature and the research design was descriptive as well as analytical which aimed to describe and analyze the historical and contemporary impacts of French colonialism and neocolonialism. The study was conducted within four selected universities under social sciences departments specifically. Purposive sampling was used to select participants who understand the historical impact of French colonialism and how it continues to influence African nations under neocolonial structures. The study consisted 100 respondents; University Lecturers, Students and selected members from Civil Society Organizations. The data collection process involved documentary review, literature review and conducting individual interviews on the participants. The collected was analyzed using themes and content analysis from the objectives of the study. The findings revealed that French colonialism imposed direct rule, extracting natural resources and exploiting labor, while reshaping social and political structures to align with French interests. Additionally, even after the formal end of colonialism in the mid-20th century, neocolonialism emerged, with France maintaining influence through economic dependencies, political alliances, and military interventions. This neocolonial dynamic has continued to shape the trajectory of African nations, as they navigate sovereignty within a globalized economy still influenced by their colonial past. The study therefore recommended for African nations to prioritize economic self-sufficiency and diversify their trade relationships to reduce dependence on France.

Audit of Geriatric Emergency Medicine-Unit staff compliance in providing care in line with the Age Friendly Health Systems Conceptual Framework

Abstract Background The Geriatric Emergency Medicine Unit (GEMU) in University Hospital Limerick (UHL) is in the Emergency Department for the assessment of those over the age of 75. The unit is staffed by a multi-disciplinary team with specialist skills in older person’s care. The aim of this audit was to determine assessment and documentation compliance with the Age Friendly Health Systems conceptual framework for older persons who present to GEMU. Methods A retrospective documentation review took place from patients who attended GEMU between January-March 2023. Medical record numbers were selected at random from the Health and Social Care Professionals (HSCP) team data management system with individual patient records subsequently retrieved from the Therefore Emergency Medicine (EM) patient management system. Patient records were reviewed by SW, which included Nursing, EM Doctors documentation and HSCP documentation. Results 15 charts were reviewed. Compliance varied across all areas from 0-100%. Compliance was greatest in the domains of the EWS score, mobility assessments, falls history and 4AT. Hydration and the documentation of ‘What Matters’/patient care preference were both 0%. Otherwise, compliance broadly was >50%. The first re-audit of 15 charts took place from December 2023-January 2024. Improvements were noted across all assessments, with 100% compliance additionally achieved in CFS, cognitive status, co-morbidities and nutritional intake. A second re-audit of 15 charts took place from March-April 2024, with further improvements seen in terms of lying and standing blood pressures and polypharmacy assessments. Conclusion Results demonstrate the continued improvements made amongst the team in adhering to the Age Friendly Health Systems Framework. Efforts are ongoing to focus specifically on the care preference component, with structured QIPs in place and a view to re-auditing in Q4 2024.

Pablo Lafargue Pablo Lafargue Armagnac en la historiografía cubana

Pablo Lafarge was Cuban by birth and French by adoption.A close collaborator of Marx and Engels, he contributed to disseminating and disseminating the new theory, defending it from those who sought to vulgarize it.Imbued with these revolutionary activities he developed a Marxist thought of which very little is known.In the case of Cuban historiography, there have not been many approaches to this historical personality.After a review of the bibliographic documentation, we set the objective of analyzing the studies that have been carried out on Pablo Lafargue Armagnac from Cuba, to reveal the contribution to the reception of this thinker.

Advances in the Characterization of Creole Cattle from Nayarit, Chihuahua, and Baja California Sur.

Objective. This manuscript aims to contribute to disseminating the research conducted on creole cattle from Nayarit, Chihuahua, and Baja California, as these regions have been the focus of numerous studies. These studies include identifying the areas of opportunity that need to be addressed for the conservation of this zoogenetic resource present in Mexico. Description. Cattle farming in Mexico began with the arrival of the first bovines from the Iberian Peninsula to New Spain over 500 years ago. These cattle established itself in various regions of the country, developing specific characteristics that have allowed it to adapt primarily to harsh environmental conditions. As a result, these bovines are considered a productive alternative in various agroecological environments to address the challenges of climate change and mitigate the negative effects on the ecosystem. Limitations. To date, research on the morphological, productive, and genetic characterization, as well as the production environment of Creole cattle in Mexico, remains limited. Therefore, it is necessary to develop studies in this area to contribute to the conservation of this resource and, above all, to identify mechanisms for its rational use that justify its existence in a modern economic and productive environment. Conclusions. The documentary review conducted to present the current state of research on creole cattle herds in Nayarit, Chihuahua, and Baja California Sur revealed that the studies have primarily focused on productive aspects in various environments. Therefore, it is necessary to encourage research directed towards other productive areas of cattle, such as reproduction, animal health, and adaptation, in order to develop strategies that contribute to the conservation of this zoogenetic resource.

Neo-Liberalism’s Shadows: Modern slavery in South African Higher Education

Neoliberal ideology globally prioritises competition and productivity over staff well-being in higher education, leading to exploitative practices and heightened stress among academic faculty, culminating in what can be termed modern academic slavery. This study investigates the contemporary impact of neoliberalism on South African universities, focussing on governance, funding and academic freedom, and how these factors contribute to deteriorating conditions for academic staff and toxic work environments. This research examines academic experiences in a South African urban higher education institution (HEI) utilizing a single-case study approach. It examines their context within institutional and societal trends. Using a single-case ideographic approach in a South African HEI, the study utilises detailed documentation, incident analysis and literature review to understand academic enslavement within the chosen HEI, contextualising the academic’s experiences within these broader institutional and societal trends. The findings reveal four key themes: moral disengagement, corporate malfeasance, exploitative labour practices, and labour coercion, illustrating the widespread exploitation of academic staff. The study advocates for urgent interventions to ensure respectful treatment, foster ethical work environments, and address disparities between administrators and faculty. It calls for autonomy, ethical leadership and a culture of inquiry in HEIs to combat modern academic slavery while acknowledging the need for further action and exploration.Contribution: This study underscores the current impact of neoliberalism on higher education in South Africa, exposing challenges for academic staff and advocating systemic reforms. It emphasises the necessity for future investigations into institutional accountability and strategies to enhance staff well-being in HEIs.

Provision of Comprehensive Sexuality Education in Tanzania Primary Schools: Success and Barriers

This study aimed to examine the provision of Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE) among school children in Primary schools. Comprehensive sexuality education creates an opportunity of acquiring life skills and knowledge about sexuality and body functions. CSE is provided in compulsory programmes whose curriculum and subject syllabus regulate the content for sexuality education and relationships. However, the integration of CSE in the education system is still a challenge due to cultural, social and economic factors. This study examined the provision of CSE among learners in primary school. The study employed a qualitative research approach and documentary review to collect data. The major findings showed that the coverage of CSE key topics and concepts in the curricula and in subject’s syllabuses was adequate and the provision of education on infection and HIV prevention was reported as high. However, the number of trained teachers who can teach aspects on infection and HIV prevention was inadequate. Also, socio –cultural barriers limit effective provision of CSE among school children. Therefore, the relevant Ministry (PO-RALG) should facilitate the availability of qualified teachers in order to strengthen CSE provision in schools. Equally important, participation of Education stakeholders in addressing socio – cultural barriers that lead to school dropout and early pregnancies among school children is emphasized.

Community Participation in Ecotourism Project Development: In Wof-Washa National Priority Forest Area

The study focused on investigations of community participation in ecotourism development in Wof-Washa National Priority Forest Areas, using a descriptive design with mixed approach through cross-sectional survey. The study utilized systematic, stratified, and purposeful sampling methods. It also used thematic analysis for qualitative data collected through interviews, and descriptive statistics for quantitative data gathered via questionnaires. Document reviews were used to triangulated this study result with previous findings. The study findings reveal that the current status of community involvement in ecotourism development lean toward degree of tokenism (moderate level), with limited roles, as Arnstein's model, at all stages. Generally, without the participation of community, the development of ecotourism project couldn’t be possible. The researcher suggests that collaborative efforts among all relevant stakeholders are crucial to fostering community participation in the successful implementation of the ecotourism project in Wof-Washa National Priority Forest Area.

Scientific Production on Entrepreneurial Skills in Young Students: Bibliometric Analysis

Entrepreneurship is considered a key element for economic and social development, requiring cognitive, attitudinal, and procedural competencies for its realization. This study focuses on a documentary review aimed at answering the following questions: How is research on entrepreneurial capabilities approached in different countries? What is the volume of scientific production on this topic? In light of this, the present work is developed within the inclusion criteria: publications between 2012 and 2022, various types of documents, written in English, and included in the SCOPUS database. To conduct the analysis, a combination of tools such as VOSviewer, Biblioshiny, and Excel was used. These tools allowed for the identification of clusters, co-occurrence frequencies, and network nodes. Based on this, the behavior of authors, countries, journals, and the evolution of the topic over time were examined. The results reveal that the United States is the leading country in publishing research on entrepreneurship. There is an increase in scientific production related to this topic, with the majority of publications concentrated in a limited number of journals (53). Limited collaboration among authors and institutions is also evident. The co-authorship network is divided into 47 clusters, with weak grouping among them.

Music Gamad: Experiencing the legacy of Portuguese music in Indonesia Roots

The existence of Gamad music serves as evidence that the Portuguese were once present in Indonesia. This music proves that the Indonesian community has embraced the musical sensibilities of the Portuguese. This study aims to identify and understand the hybridization process that occurs in Gamad music. It employs a qualitative approach. Data were collected through observations, in-depth interviews, and document reviews. Observations were made of Gamad performances in live shows, and recordings were uploaded to YouTube. In-depth interviews were conducted with selected informants, including Gamad musicians and group owners. Document reviews were carried out on online media discussing Gamad music performances. The study found evidence of Portuguese influence in this music, namely (1) the use of displayed musical instruments, (2) the use of diatonic scales, and (3) the performance of the song “Kaparinyo” in every show. The number of songs observed limits this study. It recommends that music or art history researchers conduct more comprehensive research on this music.

Estado del arte del autoritarismo en Honduras 1990–2024

This article identifies and analyzes studies on authoritarianism in Honduras between 1990 and 2024. Its aim is to understand the roots and evolution of authoritarian dynamics in the country, recognizing some background since the 1980s. It explores the recent political history of Honduras, primarily from a political science perspective, through a comprehensive review of existing literature on authoritarianism in Honduras during the period from 1990 to 2024. The work highlights the interconnection of political, social, and economic factors with undemocratic practices and is built on documentary review techniques, which allow for the identification, examination, and analysis of a wide variety of sources selected based on the credibility of the author in the field and the prestige of the place of publication. Regarding its structure, the article first addresses the background of authoritarianism in Honduras during the 1980s. Secondly, it analyzes the events in the 1990s and 2000s. The third section focuses on the 2009 coup d'état and its immediate consequences. As a fourth section, it examines the administration of Juan Orlando Hernández, followed by a fifth section that evaluates the effects of the pandemic on Honduran democracy. The sixth section addresses the administration of Xiomara Castro and the LIBRE party, while the seventh incorporates an analysis of the relationship between democracy and environmental authoritarianism. Finally, the conclusions derived from the analysis of literature addressing authoritarianism in Honduras are presented. ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 79, No. 774, 2024: 65-96.

La mediación en el ámbito de familia, niñez y adolescencia, como método efectivo para optimizar el sistema procesal en la ciudad de Milagro

Mediation as an alternative method of conflict resolution is recognised in Ecuadorian legislation, that is, in our Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador, in the Law of Arbitration and Mediation, as well as in the Organic Code of Childhood and Adolescence, and other regulations that refer to it. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness in the area of family, children and adolescents, as a mechanism to decongest the procedural system in the city of Milagro. The research focused on a mixed, descriptive, explanatory and propositional system that allowed us to understand the procedural phenomenon and to make a proposal with the aim of optimising the principle of procedural speed and economy. In the same way, empirical level methods, methods of analysis and documentary review, theoretical level methods and techniques and instruments such as interviews and surveys were used. For this reason, the proposal was made, which implies the obligatory nature of an act of impossibility of mediation that accompanies the lawsuit, prior to the initiation of a judicial process, which promotes the achievement of amicable, fast and satisfactory agreements, as well as the decongestion of the Ecuadorian justice system, based on factors such as speed, confidentiality and a lower amount of expenses for the processing of the process, and safeguards the welfare and interest of minors. A culture of peace prevails between parties, where an agreement is reached that is centred on their needs, contributing to a fair, equitable and collaborative society.

Asuhan Keperawatan Jiwa pada Ny. R Dengan Masalah Utama Risiko Perilaku Kekerasan Akibat Skizofrenia Tak Terinci di Ruang Arimbi RSJD dr. Amino Gondohutomo Provinsi Jawa Tengah

Schizophrenia is a syndrome with a variety of causes, where each patient exhibits different clinical manifestations, therapeutic responses, and disease progression. Clinical manifestations of schizophrenia include disorganized speech, restlessness, pacing, and aggression, often exhibited through violent behavior. According to WHO data, in 2019, approximately 24 million people worldwide suffered from schizophrenia (WHO, 2019). The purpose of this paper is to understand the nursing care process for Mrs. R, with the main issue being the risk of violent behavior due to unspecified schizophrenia. The writing method used is a descriptive case study through a nursing process approach, where the assessment is conducted using interview techniques, observation, documentation review, and literature study. The nursing diagnoses identified include the risk of violent behavior, self-concept disturbance: low self-esteem, and self-care deficit. The interventions developed involve implementing strategies for both the patient and the family. The evaluation of the nursing care for Mrs. R showed that the diagnosis of risk of violent behavior was partially resolved, and the self-care deficit was resolved.