Doctrinal Contributions Research Articles

Contribuição para a construção de uma teoria da jurisdição compatível com o Estado Democrático de Direito

O presente artigo tem como objetivo fornecer contribuicoes doutrinarias a necessaria reconstrucao do conceito de jurisdicao conforme o Estado Democratico de Direito, a partir da analise da relacao de interdependencia entre o conceito de jurisdicao e o modelo de Estado em que ela e exercida. Por essa razao, o estudo e desenvolvido por meio do exame da forma como a funcao jurisdicional e realizada no Estado Liberal, no Estado do Bem-Estar Social e no Estado Democratico de Direito. Ao final, sugere-se uma reconstrucao do conceito de jurisdicao de acordo com os principios de uma ordem juridica democratica. A pesquisa foi realizada com base nas vertentes metodologicas juridico-dogmatica, juridico-teorica e juridico-sociologica. Ja os tipos genericos de utilizacao foram os historico-juridico, juridico-descritivo, juridico-projetivo e juridico-propositivo. Palavras-chave: jurisdicao, Estado Democratico de Direito, Poder Judiciario.

Great projects and crude realities

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the circumstances that have conditioned the development of education in Spain from the enlightenment to the present day. Design/methodology/approach – Multidisciplinary scientific approach that combines the interpretation of the legal texts with the revision of the doctrinal and theoretical contributions made on the issue. Findings – From the beginning of the nineteenth century, the history of education in Spain has been marked by constant fluctuations between the reactionary instincts, principally maintained by the Catholic Church and the conservative social classes, and the progressive experiments, driven by the enlightened and the liberals first, and the republicans and the socialists later. As a consequence of that, the fight for finishing with illiteracy and guaranteeing universal schooling underwent permanent advances and retreats, preventing from an effective modernization of the Spanish educative system. On the one hand, renewal projects promoted by teachers and pedagogues were inevitably criticized by the ecclesiastical hierarchy, obsessed with the idea of preserving the influence of religion on the schools. On the other hand, successive governments were weak in implementing an educational policy which could place Spain at the level of the other European and occidental nations. Originality/value – At the dawn of the twenty-first century, although the country has overcome a good part of its centuries-old backwardness, increasing economic difficulties and old ideological splits keep hampering the quality of teaching, gripped by neoliberal policies which undermine the right to education for all. The reading of this paper offers various historical clues to understand this process.

Riesgo regulatorio en las energías renovables

Este libro constituye un referente en la actualidad jurídica de las energías renovables, con un eminente carácter práctico, dogmático, clarificador y de un alto valor jurisprudencial que presenta relevantes aportaciones doctrinales al problema que se plantea. De lectura imprescindible tanto para profesionales interesados en el sector de las energías renovables, como para estudiosos del Derecho administrativo, proporciona todas las herramientas teóricas y metodológicas para un análisis riguroso y actual de la materia.

Crisis del sistema tributario, ¿una gestión ética de la misma?

Analiza los principios inspiradores del sistema tributario, particularmente la equidad, como valor ético, recogiendo las principales aportaciones doctrinales y su reflejo legislativo en España. Para reflejar la crisis del sistema analiza la recaudación fiscal y la ejecución presupuestaria de 2005 a 2012; considerando la incidencia de los distintos niveles de la estructura territorial estatal y algunas peculiaridades del reparto de la carga tributaria. Finalmente, valora la gestión política durante los años previos y posterior esa la crisis, indagando si ha atendido prioritariamente a un adecuado reparto del esfuerzo fiscal; exigiendo mayor aportación a los contribuyentes con mayor capacidad económica.

Autoritarismo y modernización de la Administración Pública española durante el franquismo

Todo Estado necesita de una Administración que actúe como brazo ejecutor de sus fines y, a su vez, ésta última queda impregnada en su acción por la naturaleza del régimen político que confiere corporeidad e identidad al Estado. No es de extrañar, por tanto, que durante el franquismo la Administración Pública española se convirtiera en un poderoso instrumento que operó al servicio de los principios ideológicos de la dictadura. Aunque la ineficacia de este modelo, que desatendía los intereses generales, trató de ser corregida a partir de la década de 1950, los intentos por reformar la Administración chocaron con la esencia autoritaria del régimen, que obstaculizó su modernización efectiva. Partiendo de un enfoque multidisciplinar que combina la exégesis de los textos legales con la revisión de las aportaciones doctrinales, este artículo analiza la trayectoria la Administración española en el período 1936-1975, atendiendo a su configuración jurídica y a la evolución de sus estructuras.

La actividad rogatoria de las Cortes durante la Legislatura Constituyente (1977-1979)

Parliaments exercise an oversight function over governments, among other means, through the so-called enquiring activity. In other words, by addressing questions and interpellations. Both institutions also represent an expression of democratic political philosophy, as they contribute to stimulate the political process, they increase citizens’ information on public affairs management and help to consolidate Parliaments centralising importance within the institutional system. Thus, the implementation of the enquiry phenomenon was especially significant in the political context of the Spanish transition and, in particular, of the Constituent Cortes (1977-1979), the first democratic parliamentary experience in Spain after forty years of dictatorship. By analysing official bulletins and journals of debates, interpreting legal texts and contrasting doctrinal contributions, this article seeks to elucidate the development of questions and interpellations during this period, both in their theoretical and practical aspects.

Misurazione del livello di internazionalizzazione delle Regioni italiane

The degree of internationalisation of a particular territory has been extensively studied over the last ten years. However, literature concerning the creation of a relevant, accessible and transferable synthetic index of regional internationalisation is almost inexistent. This paper contributes to bridge these lacks, explaining how each factor of internationalisation can contribute to regional degree of internationalisation. This paper has a threefold aim: reviewing the doctrinal contributions concerning the measure of the level of regional internationalisation, creating a composite regional index of internationalisation and applying this index to Regional Italian local systems. The methodology used in this paper consists both of a systematic and comparative analysis of the concepts and methodologies published in literature and of testing these results by means of three focus groups involving 35 stakeholders of different origins (Delphi methodology). The research findings would show how regional level of internationalisation depends on drivers of different nature reflecting different dimensions of internationalisation: commercial, productive, financial, technological, entrepreneurial, touristic and socio-cultural internationalisation. Main limits of this research involve the level of exhaustiveness of drivers and relative indices, chosen throughout subjective criteria. The paper offers scope for further application to other level of analysis.

Considerações Acerca da Relativização do Contrato de Licença de Uso da Imagem do Atleta Profissional de Futebol

This study seeks to address an extremely current topic but, in contrast, deficient in terms of doctrinal contributions: the sports Law. More specifically, the goal is to address, with greater specificity, the problem of the legal nature of the contracted athlete’s image usage. Such topic, besides bringing on notable controversy in the legal world, generating a hermeneutic crisis on a series of institutes tied to sports Law, brings about immeasurable practical transformations, depending on the conclusion reached.

Is "Proof Beyond a Reasonable Doubt" a Self-Evident Concept? Considering the U.S. and the Italian Legal Cultures towards the Understanding of the Standard of Persuasion in Criminal Cases

With its fundamental decision In re Winship (1970) the United States Supreme Court set the constitutional basis of the standard of persuasion in criminal trials. The long standing standard of “proof beyond a reasonable doubt" was selected by the Court as the bedrock that protects the values at stake in a criminal case.Soon after this decision a dispute started between scholars and Courts on whether the “reasonable doubt standard" ought to be defined by jury instructions or could be considered a matter of the jurors' “original understanding," that is a “self-evident" concept. Depending on the solution of the dispute, failing to define the standard through suitable instruction could amount to a reversible constitutional error (i.e. a constitutional error that imposes reversal).In 2006 the highly discussed law n.46 introduced the standard of “proof beyond a reasonable doubt" ( prova “al di là di ogni ragionevole dubbio") in the Italian Criminal Procedure Code. The law does not define the standard but just states it.Even prior to this, in Italy, the standard at issue had been applied in important decisions by the Corte di Cassazione and some scholars had strongly argued the need of its introduction in the Italian criminal system. Both the Italian courts and Italian scholars had impliedly or explicitly referred to the U.S. legal experience for guidance.The U.S. and Italian criminal systems are notably different. Apart from the differences in substantial criminal law, those in criminal procedure are pronounced. According to these differences it is possible to argue that the same standard of persuasion might be given a different regime of application in the two systems. The present paper doesn't deal with this last issue, but is based on the premise that the concept itself of “proof beyond a reasonable doubt" has the same significance in the two systems.The aim of this paper is to show that “proof beyond a reasonable doubt," far from being a self-evident concept, needs accurate explanation.In order to do that, the paper studies the Italian and the U.S. legal cultures on the subject; that is, using Lawrence M. Friedman's words, “the ideas, values, expectations and attitudes – towards the standard - which some public or some part of the public holds."First, it focuses on the so called “external legal culture" remembering that this kind of legal culture has, through the institution of the jury, a peculiar weight in the application of the law in the U.S. criminal system. At this stage, the study also takes into account the “ideas of the standard" that emerge from movies, literature and newspapers.Afterwards the paper quickly focuses on the so called “internal legal culture," studying relevant decisions and doctrinal contributions to the subject.The consideration of the Italian and U.S. legal cultures leads to the conclusion that there is widespread confusion on the concept of “proof beyond a reasonable doubt" even within the community of lawyers and judges. For a correct understanding of the standard there is the need for a definition and, especially, for the specification of its rationales and its contents.Thus, the last goal of the paper is to point out the fundamental traits of the reasonable doubt standard with the help of the legal cultures previously assessed. A hint is also offered by some linguistic and further sociological consideration.The hope is to contribute, even slightly, to the understanding and therefore the application of such an important rule.

The World Bank Administrative Tribunal's External Sources of Law: A Retrospective of the Tribunal's First Quarter-Century (1981–2005)

AbstractThe jurisprudence of the World Bank Administrative Tribunal has grown and evolved dramatically over its first quarter-century. Mr. Hansen's study comprehensively surveys the numerous doctrinal contributions provided by external sources during this time. Organized under rubrics suggested by Article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice, which sets out that Court's sources of law, Mr. Hansen's study reviews: (i) the roles of the contract of employment, Bank rules, international treaties and national laws in the composition of the pactum established between a staff member and the Bank; (ii) the development of binding custom from the practices of the Bank, other institutions and national governments; (iii) the Tribunal's use of general legal principles drawn from other legal systems; and (iv) the Tribunal's use of international and domestic tribunal precedents. Extensively footnoted, Mr. Hansen's study is intended for both academics and practitioners specializing in international administrative law and dispute settlement.

Contributions to the Doctrine of Signs

Contributions to the Doctrine of Signs

Experimental contributions to the doctrine of autointoxication in pregnancy: Coppola, L.: Ginecologia 14: 212, 1948

Experimental contributions to the doctrine of autointoxication in pregnancy: Coppola, L.: Ginecologia 14: 212, 1948