Doctoral School Research Articles

Application of the semantic network to manage processes in the area of legal regulation of education at the Doctoral School

Changes in legal regulations cause that moving in them can cause difficulties. Regulations scattered throughout various legal and normative acts or in the act itself may be problematic. This also affects people who are educated at Doctoral Schools. Situations in which the doctoral student is not sure of his status or the possibilities he can obtain financial resources may be problematic. The presented fragment of the semantic network is to be a tool that allows free navigation through the legal regulation regarding education at the doctoral school. Ultimately, the presented semantic network is a template that specific regulations of a given doctoral school can supplement.

Indagando en las tesis ejemplares españolas de educación matemática: análisis de su impacto científico

Abstract Establishing criteria that determine the quality of any scientific publication is a fact agreed on by the entire scientific community in its different fields of knowledge. In the case of doctoral theses, these criteria may vary between universities, doctoral schools, or evaluation committees. This paper presents an evaluation criteria proposal for doctoral theses in the field of Mathematics Education. A total of 199 theses indexed in the TESEO database are analyzed, throughout the 2015-2020 period. Likewise, after applying these criteria, those theses that have been denominated as “exemplary” are identified in this evaluative proposal. The main results include the consolidation of two university research centers in the field of Mathematics Education. However, results show the scarce dissemination that is made of the investigations carried out from the doctoral works (102 out of 199 doctoral theses have not had any associated publication) apparently having, as the main objective, the achievement of the Doctor’s degree instead of the search for development and scientific advancement.

Self-translation as re-creation: The incipit of a fantasy novel in French (original language) and English

The following is a creative translation in English of the first chapter of a novel I completed in 2021 and which is due to be published by BeetleBooks Publishing in 2023. Translating the novel would form the core of the Ph.D. I hope to write as a doctoral student in ‘Pratiques et théories de la création littéraire et artistique’ at Aix-Marseille University.It is my project to translate this choral novel, the first volume of Sublimes, and thus rewrite it benefiting from the freedom afforded by self-translation, within the framework provided by the doctoral school or as an autonomous work.The trilogy, entitled Sublimes in French and English, shows two parallel worlds: Earth in 2082, a rather dystopian take on our near future, and Arcadia, a fantasy world where magic once reigned but has long since disappeared. The only surviving supernatural species are the Sublime, beautiful and ageless (yet mortal) people, who look human… and are anything but, as they routinely consume human flesh.The first chapter follows Pascal, an Earthling and a student at a university destined for the elite. After waking up in an alien landscape with no memory of his arrival, Pascal discovers that he is not alone: with him are five other Academy students, as well as Yolanda, a gardener at the university. As the group is greeted by a dozen old-fashioned soldiers, they understand, a little late, that their fate is sealed: they are prey and, if they cannot escape, will become food.The novel moves forward with each chapter presenting the point of view of a different character, and no omniscient narrator. Each “voice” is associated with a different style and language.The translation of the first chapter allowed for creation, as I had hoped and suspected: some things are easier described in French or English and my style was not the easiest to harness in English, as I have written very little fiction in English compared to French (my mother tongue).However, there have been a few surprising discoveries! For example, I struggled with writing dialogues in French, whereas they almost flowed in English. On the other hand, working with such attention to detail revealed a few overlooked repetitions in the French text, although it had been read, reread and corrected by myself and many others. I therefore cannot wait to pursue this endeavour and unearth the many joys – and certainly, the many more challenges – of the re-creation that lies in self-translation.

Differing bodyminds: Cripping choreography

In this position paper we start to articulate what crip theory can open up for choreography and dance. Crip theory is a critical perspective that analyses, exposes and critiques systems of normalcy in representation and social practices as well as a framework for imagining alternatives based on disabled ways of being in the world. The term crip, short-hand for the derogatory term ‘cripple’, is a re-appropriation by disabled individuals and communities, an act of pride, a demand for inclusion in mainstream life, and, paradoxically, a defiant occupation of the margins. ‘Crip theory and choreography’ was also the topic of a symposium and doctoral school we organized in Belgium in the spring of 2022. The aim of that event was to adopt the contemporary performing arts as a realm for our theorizing in embodied and experiential forms of knowledge-making in research and art practice. Over the course of the symposium and doctoral school, we explored how ‘crip dance’ might produce difference not as a divergence from the norm, but rather as a constant process of differing that opens up multiple ways of relating to body, mind and movement. Inspired by our explorations and encounters during the event, we are guest editing a Special Issue of Choreographic Practices. What we would like to contribute to conversations already happening in this journal is extended exploration of how disability studies and its unruly offspring, crip theory, not only critique the ableist structures that define mainstream dance, but offer alternative possibilities created by non-normative bodyminds.

Ethics and Integrity in the Context of Economic Research Within Doctoral Schools

Ethics and Integrity in the Context of Economic Research Within Doctoral Schools

Ethics and Integrity in the Context of Economic Research Within Doctoral Schools

Ethics and Integrity in the Context of Economic Research Within Doctoral Schools

Doctoral School, Faculty Of Health Sciences In Katowice, Medical University Of Silesia In Katowice

In recent years, physiotherapy has become an intrinsic element of the basic treatment of many diseases, including cancer. It can serve as a preparatory element before main treatment

THE NATURE OF THE EMPLOYMENT OF OTHER PERSONS CONDUCTING CLASSES AT THE UNIVERSITY

In the human resources of the university, the academic teachers has the essential role, perform duties of a teaching, research or organizational nature, depending on their membership in a certain group of positions. The legislator also stipulates that teaching may be carried out by other persons with appropriate competence and experience. Taking into account the forms of employment, it can be assumed that these persons will be connected with the university by a civil law contract, or they will perform activities within the framework of their business or conduct classes in connection with the status of a participant in a doctoral school. The analysis of the current legislation justifies the thesis that, despite the differences in the form of employment of academic teachers and other persons the convergence can be seen in the context of selection rigor and the impact on the assessment of the quality of education at the university.

Report of Meeting Researches in Didactics of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, April 1-3, 2022 Baja, Hungary

The meeting Researches in Didactics of Mathematics and Computer Sciences was held in Baja, Hungary, at Eötvös József College, from the 1st to the 3th of April, 2022. It was organized by the Doctoral School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences of the University of Debrecen and by Eötvös József College. The 62 participants - including 18 PhD students - came from 8 countries and represented 26 institutions of higher and secondary education. There were 3 plenary and 40 session talks in the program.

The Pierre Wertheimer Neurological and Neurosurgical Hospital in Lyon: history of its development and contributions to neurosurgery.

At the end of the 1950s, at the direction of Pierre Wertheimer, the first French professor of neurosurgery, the treatment of neurological and neurosurgical diseases for Lyon's 2 million people was concentrated in a single center functioning as not only a hospital but also a campus for neuroscience. The ideas behind the structure revolve around concepts such as spatial unity, comprehensive specialized fields, a critical mass of patients, a structured training program, and essential cross-communication between areas in the same field. Through several generations of doctors, researchers, and professors, the Pierre Wertheimer Neurological and Neurosurgical Hospital in Lyon (NHL) has had an important impact on clinical practice, fundamental neuroscientific research, and specialist training. Under Wertheimer's stewardship, functional neurosurgery became one of the fields of excellence at the NHL with contributions in pain surgery and physiology but also epilepsy surgery and surgery for spasticity. Typically, these contributions were the result of the collaboration of separate teams, ultimately laying the groundwork for a neuroscientific doctoral school. The large mass of patients treated at the NHL provided opportunities for other, more isolated insights, such as the classification of pineal tumors and contributions to interventional neuroradiology. The present work endeavors to illustrate the contributions of the NHL to neuroscience and discuss the background allowing for their occurrence.

Developments of Doctoral Studies Management Process in NAS RA

The paper analyzes the developments of doctoral studies in National Academy of Sciences of RA since 1997 and the management process. Education and training of highly qualified personnel is increasingly seen as a fundamental platform that ensures the development of the state. Reforming the national institute for doctoral studies (aspirantura) is aimed at improving the quality of human resources in science, optimizing research topics in accordance with the priority areas of development of science and technology, increasing publication and innovative activities, bringing national science and research closer to the world level and achieving international recognition.We present numbers of defended dissertations both in Armenia and in NAS RA during the last 25 years, the dynamics and the main trends of development of academic degree awarding system. We discuss the possible impact of reforming of the system of training and certification of highly qualified personnel on the organization of third – level doctoral education (doctoral schools) and specialized / dissertation councils in NAS RA.

Leadership in changing doctoral education

AbstractAs a consequence of reforms in doctoral education, notably since the 2005 publication of the Salzburg Principles, doctoral schools represent the state of the art in contemporary doctoral education in Europe. They aim at supporting the collective vision and endeavour to ensure the personal and professional growth of doctoral candidates, the socialisation of doctoral candidates in the scientific community and their preparation for future careers in a knowledge society. But how is it possible that this new structure is not only perceived as an additional, perhaps dispensable bureaucratic layer that disrupts the traditionally very private relationship between supervisor and doctoral student, but is recognised by the latter as support and added value. We argue that this is directly related to the way the doctoral schools themselves are set up and governed. In this article, we use the example of the University of Vienna to illustrate how different leadership styles were used by the university management to ensure faculty buy‐in. In particular, we point out that the mix of transactional leadership, which incentivises and rewards certain behaviours, and transformational leadership, which also encourages initiative and self‐responsibility, has contributed to the fact that the doctoral schools at the University of Vienna, after only a short time in existence, are recognised as adding value; which has had an immediate positive impact on the situation of the students in particular, but also on the awareness of doctoral education in general.

Library Hosted Open Access Journals as Tools for Teaching Publishing Practices

We will discuss teaching publishing practices and different forms of student participation in three open access journals hosted by Helsinki University Library’s Editori-service, two of which are from a field of neurosciences. As a theoretical framework, we will distinguish between classroom journals (with students providing the content and teacher acting as an editor), student-led journals (students acting in both roles) and mock journals (which are like classroom journals, but the journal remains unpublished). Our discussion is founded on interviews of journal editors and analysis of student roles in the journals. In addition, we will mention one previous experiment of a mock journal in Editori-service, related to a Doctoral School working seminar in Humanities and Social Sciences.

PH.D. TRAINING PROGRAMS IN THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

The paper considers the types of Ph.D. training programs in the Federal Republic of Germany: individual doctoral programs, which provide for earning the degree in industrial companies, universities, non-university research institutions (institutions of Fraunhofer, Helmholtz, Leibniz, Max Planck Societies), and structured doctoral programs that involve working on research in groups of doctoral students formed in research, postgraduate, doctoral schools. The research studies the general principles of developing structured doctoral training programs: the availability of the critical mass of students who earn the degree in this program (at least 30 people); clear formalization of the training system (transparency of the admission procedures; system for assessing a doctoral student's achievements, which is clear and acceptable to the scientific community; regulated rules of interaction of a doctoral student, his or her supervisor, the university, etc.), and suchlike. The advantages of each type of Ph.D. training have been determined. The biggest advantages of individual doctoral programs include the possibility to freely choose the research topic, to study under the supervision of a certain professor; those of structured doctoral study programs are short-term training, funding, being supervised by several professors, teamwork, which provides an opportunity to share views with other team members, supervisors. Among the disadvantages of individual Ph.D. training programs, the following issues have been identified: the long period of study, highly specialized subject of study, independent study of the material. For structured doctoral programs, these are multilevel admission procedures, compliance of the Ph.D. dissertation topic with the doctoral program, overloaded curriculum.
 Keywords: Federal Republic of Germany; higher education; individual doctoral studies; structured doctoral studies; PhD degree; research institutions.

Quelles pistes pour un vécu positif du doctorat ? Apports de la littérature scientifique actuelle

A research work that does not progress, an unsatisfactory supervision, an uncertain career prospects or the feeling of not belonging to a scientific community, these are the difficulties that many PhD students encounter during their doctoral studies. If these difficulties are the subject of a growing number of publications, very few studies have focused on the determinants of the positive experience of the doctorate. Indeed, the experience of a thesis can be extremely enriching. In this review of the literature, our objective is to exploit the current state of knowledge that enables to consider the doctorate as positive experience in order to extract helpful cues that could improve this experience. First, we present evidence issued from the scientific literature that shows that, although the doctorate can be a difficult experience, it can also be a very positive one. Secondly, we propose promising lines to improve the doctoral experience. Overall, this article is of interest to doctoral students who wish to deepen their thoughts on their working conditions, but also to all those who surround them, such as, the thesis directors, the research unit directors, and the doctoral school directors.

Could Computational Approaches Challenge How we Understand and Tackle Mental Disorders Stigma?

Most psychiatric disorders (between 50% and 90%) remain untreated although effective treatments exist (Kohn et al., 2004). Stigma is frequent toward patients and mental health professionals (Rüsch et al., 2005). It impairs access to care especially during the early signs, amplifying the treatment gap, mainly due to a shortage of resources. How the brain makes prior internal models of the world could explain why we all stigmatize. The Bayesian brain hypothesis describes the optimal combination of priors, coming from our evolution, our memory and our perceptions, to make decisions (Parr et al., 2018). This can be intuitively understood by visual illusions, but also medical categorical diagnostic reasoning (Medow, 2011). These priors allow to simplify the world and categorize people (Sherman et al., 1998). Beyond cognitive modelling, Computational approaches also led to the development of several electronic devices, from apps to social robots, (Gargot et al., 2021). Patients reported that it was easier to self-disclose toward an avatar, that cannot judge, than toward a therapist (Hang and Gratch, 2010). These technologies could improve early, scalable as well as efficient access to care (Andersson et al., 2019). Empathy is the best strategy to tackle stigma. What is it exactly? Good therapist-patient synchronization of brains (Czeszumski et al., 2020) and bodies (Ramseyer et Tschacher, 2011) could foster better communication and thus empathy. There is an urgent need to promote research in empathy (Belzung, 2017), non-specific factors in psychotherapy mechanisms (Miller et Moyers, 2021) and psychotherapy online training resources (Gargot et al., 2020).DisclosureThomas Gargot was paid by the French ministry of research (Doctoral school), French ministry of health (médaille d’argent, CCA-AHU) for a PhD and CCA position. During his PhD, he prepared several scientific presentations with Dr Asselborn. This work led

Sensory and Motor Difficulties in Autism

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social interaction and communication, and by restricted and repetitive behaviors. A meta-analysis describes motor difficulties in ASD (Downey and Rapport, 2012) in 85% to 90% of cases (Liu et al. 2010). Electronic devices will help to better characterize these movement impairments (Gargot et al., in press). Another meta-analysis shows difficulties in sensorial integration in ASD, with a prevalence ranging from 45 to 95% (Ben Sasson, 2009). Sensorimotor contigencies are learned interactively (Jacquey et al., 2020), in a perception-action loop, an early milestone in development (Piaget, 1937). A cascade model (Bonnet-Brilhault, 2017) hypothesizes that social difficulties stem in sensorimotor difficulties (Cook, 2016; Neal, 2011; Dziuk et al. 2007; Kojovic, 2019), themselves atypically developed due to a peculiar neurobiological background. This model predicts that early sensorimotor reeducation could prevent the development of social difficulties, whereas the rehabilitation of social skills would improve only part of the impairment, that is driven by sensorimotor processes. How to target these issues? Grandin, 1992 and Edelson et al., 1999 validated the efficacy of deep pressure therapy in ASD. It is important to improve attractivity and decrease the stigmatization of this method. Oto is a compressive armchair with inflatable cushions controlled electronically. It records level of pressure and its duration, chosen by the user. A systematic review showed the efficacy of virtual reality in ASD (Mesa-Gresa et al, 2018). A CAVE device could habituate children to ecological audio-visual stimulations.DisclosureThomas Gargot was paid by the French ministry of research (Doctoral school), French ministry of health (médaille d’argent, CCA-AHU) for a PhD and CCA position. During his PhD, he prepared several scientific presentations with Dr Asselborn. This work led

Effect of Gastric Bypass on Dietary Protein Digestibility and Dietary Nitrogen Sequestration in the Splanchnic Bed in Rats

Abstract Objectives Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) decreases the stomach size and bypasses a part of the small intestine. RYGB has been often associated with protein malnutrition but in the light of previous studies, this was not ascribed to protein malabsorption. We hypothesized that dietary amino acids are more sequestered by the small intestine mucosa due to adaptative hypertrophy after RYGB. Our study aimed to quantify the sequestration of dietary nitrogen (N) in the small intestine after RYGB at different times of the post-surgery recovery. Methods Diet-induced obese Wistar rats were operated for RYGB. The control group was composed of pair-fed sham-operated rats. One month (RYGB: n = 9, Sham: n = 8) or three months (RYGB: n = 7, Sham: n = 8) after surgery, rats were fed a test meal including 15N-labeled protein. Protein digestibility and dietary N sequestration in the intestine were assessed by determination of 15N recovery in the digesta and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) tissues 6 h after the meal. Results One month after surgery, protein digestibility in Sham and RYGB rats was 94.0 ± 0.8% and 94.2 ± 1.8% (NS), respectively. Digestibility was similar 3 months after surgery, whatever the group. The GIT was hypertrophied in RYGB after 1 month, an effect that disappeared after 3 months. Dietary N sequestration in the splanchnic bed differed depending on the segment. In the stomach wall as well as the duodenum + jejunum mucosa, N retention was lower in RYGB than in Sham at 1 month, this difference being aggravated at 3 months. In contrast, in the ileum mucosa, there was more N in RYGB than in Sham at 1 month (0.48 ± 0.18% vs 0.3 ± 0.09% of ingested N respectively), these values being similar at 3 months. In the caecum, dietary N was higher in RYGB at 1 month compared to Sham but lower in the colon. No differences between groups were observed in these two segments at 3 months. Conclusions RYGB did not improved protein digestibility, in contrast to the findings of our previous study. Our hypothesis of a higher sequestration in the intestinal wall was confirmed in the ileum and colon only, an effect that tended to be attenuated over time. Funding Sources This study was funded by the doctoral school ABIES.

Requiem for a dream

Aim: A look back at the successful history of scientific research in the field of home affairs prior to the establishment of law enforcement science, namely the theoretical and applied research carried out at the Law Enforcement Research Institute, established in 1991 at the Ministry of the Interior.Methodology: Review of the research carried out at the Institute during the existence of the Law Enforcement Research Institute, as well as the presentation to what extent the results of these research contributed to the later acceptance and accreditation of law enforcement science.Findings: The activities of the Law Enforcement Research Institute of the Ministry of the Interior, and later of the Police College’s Institute for Leadership Training and Research between 1991 and 1998, are worth remembering as an important legacy of the research institute’s past. It can be stated that without the research carried out at the Law Enforcement Research Institute at that time, the academic recognition of law enforcement science could not have taken place, which laid the foundation for the establishment of the Doctoral School of Law Enforcement.Value: We consider it a value that scientific research and leadership training took place in the above-mentioned research institute for several years, as a result of which the latest domestic and international results of law enforcement theory were always present in the training, and researchers could learn about the state of practice in leadership courses, they could check the reception of their work in the law enforcement services and also learn from the criticisms. Several aspirations that were first articulated during the regime change have become a reality. For example, the elevation of higher law enforcement education to university level, the establishment of master’s degrees, the strengthening of the acceptance of law enforcement science, the increasing exploration of sources of law enforcement history, and the appearance of all these results in the operation of the Hungarian Law Enforcement Society.

Defending a PhD thesis and the background to the event

Aim: The aim of the publication is to present the process of the establishment and the beginnings of the operation of the Doctoral School of Law Enforcement at the Faculty of Law Enforcement of the University of Public Service and to briefly introduce the author of the first defended thesis and its content.Methodology: By analysing the documents of the Police College and the University of Public Service and the decisions of the Hungarian Accreditation Committee, the author describes the system of tasks and the work of two decades during which it became possible to establish an academic discipline and the associated doctoral school. He also presents the essence of the relevant Senate decisions and the Rector’s and the Dean’s initiatives.Findings: The main milestones on the way to the public disputation of the first PhD thesis include the recognition of Police Science as a discipline. Also, it was necessary to establish a university faculty with a similar profile and launch its training programme, followed by the establishment of the Doctoral School and commencing the training there, steps which are described in detail in this publication.Value: The nearly twenty-year process discussed in the paper is unique in Hungarian law enforcement higher education. There was no university-level training or academic preparation in law enforcement in Hungary before. For those interested in this discipline, a new opportunity opened up to carry out research work and to be able to achieve such a high professional standard.