DNA Damage Protection Activity Research Articles

Evaluation of Semecarpus kurzii Engler from Bay Islands for oxidative DNA damage protective activity and in vitro antioxidant potential

Introduction and Aim: Harnessing traditional knowledge of medicinal plants is important for the betterment of mankind. We must safeguard traditional knowledge from misuse by miscreants living in modern societies and knowledge must be available in the public domain for use in drug designing in the healthcare system. Since the beginning of recorded history, Indians have used plants as a source of medicine, and their cultural past is incredibly rich. This study was conducted to evaluate the oxidative stress-induced DNA damage prevention and antioxidant potential of Semecarpus kurzii found in the Bay Islands. Materials and Methods: The scavenging of superoxide, hydroxyl radicals, nitric oxide (NO), 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) radicals, ferric reducing power (FRAP), and lipid peroxidation inhibition activity were tested to determine antioxidant activity. DNA damage inhibition test was used to evaluate the protection against oxidative DNA damage. Results: The S. kurzii extract showed dose-dependent scavenging of DPPH, superoxide anion, nitric oxide, hydroxyl radical and reducing power evaluated by comparing with standard antioxidants (ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol and BHT). However, the nitric oxide scavenging (IC50 =186.47) and superoxide scavenging (IC50 = 678.32) was more than that of DPPH (IC50 =28.03) and Hydroxyl radical (IC50 =89.10) scavenging capacity. In addition, S. kurzii extract and ascorbic acid showed lipid peroxidation inhibition activity. The extract also exhibited DNA protection which was confirmed by the DNA damage inhibition assay. Conclusion: Our results corroborated that, the methanolic extract of S. kurzii bark has substantial antioxidant activity and DNA damage inhibition. The potential antioxidant and oxidative DNA damage preventive activity could be due to the existence of polyphenolic compounds in the S. kurzii bark.

Nutritional profile and DNA damage protective activity of Ottelia acuminata, an endemic plant from southwestern China

ABSTRACT Ottelia acuminata (O. acuminata) is an edible and medicinal submerged plant endemic to southwestern China, yet there is little information available concerning its nutritional or bio-active composition. This study aimed to evaluate in detail the nutritional profile and phenolic composition of O. acuminata (inflorescence, peduncle, and leaf) and investigate a protective activity in phenolic extracts on DNA damage induced by •OH and ROO• radicals. O. acuminata was excellent sources of protein (17.7–24 g/100 g DW), TPC (11.43–19.00 mg GAE/g DW), ascorbic acid, and minerals (especially potassium, calcium, and iron). Interestingly, the protein contained a high amount of EAA with a ratio (EAA11/TAA) in the range of 47.79–50.93%, BCAA and MSG-like AA. The inflorescences and leaves of O. acuminata contained abundant UFA with a ratio of UFA/TFA more than 50%. Five phenolic compounds, with a predominance of luteolin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside and chlorogenic acid, were identified by HPLC. Phenolic extracts of O. acuminata displayed a significant protective effect on DNA damage, which effect was comparable to that of the positive control (trolox). It was concluded that O. acuminata is an excellent vegetable with a high nutritional value and a great potential as a natural antioxidant.

Physiological Alterations due to Hepatotoxicity and the Protective Role of Cleome viscosa Linn Seed Extract in Experimental Animals

Liver ailment is a key public health menace, principally in developing nations. Quite a lot of medicinal florae have been identified to have liver shielding activities. The current study was designed to assess in vitro antioxidant and in vivo hepatoprotective activities of seed extracts of Cleome viscosa Linn. (Capparaceae). Phytochemical screening of C. viscosa seed ethanol extract was carried out. Free radical scavenging activity of crude seed extract of the plant was conducted using the DPPH assay method. DNA damage protection potential of the crude seed extract was carried out using extract of the genomic DNA nicking assay. Hepatoprotective activity of the crude seed extract of the plant was carried out based on CCl4-induced liver damage in Wister albino rats. Serum biomarkers (aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total protein (TP)) were evaluated to find out the effect. Histopathological scrutiny was also carried out for all groups of rats to further confirm the discoveries. The phytochemical screening was positive for alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, terpenes, tannins, and phenolic compounds in the seed extract. The antioxidant assay revealed that the ethanol crude extract of C. viscosa exhibited free radical scavenging activity with IC50 value of 17.82 ± 0.32 μg/mL, and this was further confirmed by the DNA damage protection activity. Pretreatment of the rats with the crude extract of C. viscosa significantly reduced ALP (p < 0.05). The hepatoprotective activity of the seed extract was confirmed by histopathological studies. From this study, it can be concluded that the crude seed extract revealed antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities. For that reason, in the future, oral intake of C. viscosa seed extract as an adjunct natural therapy may be worthwhile to protect against liver failure-mediated inhibitory effects on reproductive function.

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of Cordyceps cicadae polyphenols: Optimization, LC-MS characterization, antioxidant and DNA damage protection activity evaluation

In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction of polyphenols from C. cicadae was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The optimized conditions were determined as extraction time of 39 min, liquid-to-solid ratio of 1:29 g/mL, extraction temperature of 69 °C and ethanol concentration of 55% with a yield of 21.9 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight. Four resins were used for polyphenol purification. D101 resin had the highest ratio of adsorption and was further applied in polyphenol purification test. A total of 19 different phenolic compounds were identified by LC-MS, including 12 phenolic acids and 7 organic acids. In addition, C. cicadae polyphenols displayed higher antioxidant activity in vitro and anti-aging activity of C. elegans in vivo . Lastly, C. cicadae polyphenols showed the potential to protect DNA from oxidative damage. Overall, our results suggest that polyphenols from C. cicadae may be considered as novel sources of anti-oxidation, anti-aging and recommended as reagents to protect DNA from oxidative damage in food and pharmaceutical industries.

DNA damage preventive activity of wild edible plants

Wild edible plants are rich in antioxidant and various parts of this plant were used extensively in traditional and folklore medicine to cure various human ailments. The present study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and hydrogen peroxide induced DNA damage protection activity of five wild edible plants e.g. Phyllostachys mannii, Persicaria chinensis, Musa cheesmanii, Musa flaviflora, and Phlogacanthus thyrsiformis to provide scientific basis for traditional usage of this plant. The studied plants were found to be rich in total phenolics, flavonols, especially quercetin (3983.22±2.33 µg/100 mg dry extract) and kaempferol (4361.14±1.67 µg/100 mg dry extract) in the water extract of P. thrysiformis and p-coumaric acid (262.61±0.67 µg/100 mg dry extract), ferulic acid (473.12±1.00 µg/100 mg dry extract) in the water extract of P. chinensis. Water extracts of P. thrysiformis and P. chinensis both had better inhibition percentages DNA damage (32.02% and 25.12% respectively) as compared to the rest of the tested extracts, and significantly suppressed oxidative damage to lymphocyte DNA. P-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol are important for preventing peroxidation and oxidative damage to DNA, and extracts from the leaves of P. thrysiformis and P. chinensis may have excellent potential as functional ingredients, representing potential sources of natural antioxidants and justifying their therapeutic application for free-radical-induced diseases.

Effects of Collagen Hydrolysate From Large Hybrid Sturgeon on Mitigating Ultraviolet B-Induced Photodamage.

Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation leads to the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which subsequently promote inflammation, degradation of the extracellular matrix, and photoaging in skin. Thus antioxidant activity is particularly important when screening for active substances to prevent or repair photodamage. Marine fish-derived bioactive peptides have become a trend in cosmetics and functional food industries owing to their potential dermatological benefits. In this study, 1-diphenyl- 2-pycryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity was selected to optimize the hydrolysis conditions of sturgeon skin collagen peptides with antioxidant activity. The optimal hydrolysis conditions for sturgeon skin collagen hydrolysate (SSCH) were determined by response surface methodology, which comprised an enzyme dosage of flavorzyme at 6,068.4 U/g, temperature of 35.5°C, pH of 7, and hydrolysis time of 6 h. SSCH showed good radical-scavenging capacities with a DPPH scavenging efficiency of 95%. Then, the effect of low-molecular-weight SSCH fraction (SSCH-L) on UVB irradiation-induced photodamage was evaluated in mouse fibroblast L929 cells and zebrafish. SSCH-L reduced intracellular ROS levels and the malondialdehyde content, thereby alleviating the oxidative damage caused by UVB radiation. Moreover SSCH-L inhibited the mRNA expression of genes encoding the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and Cox-2. SSCH-L treatment further increased the collagen Ⅰα1 content and had a significant inhibitory effect on matrix metalloproteinase expression. The phosphorylation level of JNK and the expression of c-Jun protein were significantly reduced by SSCH-L. Additionally, SSCH-L increased the tail fin area at 0.125 and 0.25 mg/ml in a zebrafish UVB radiation model, which highlighted the potential of SSCH-L to repair UVB-irradiated zebrafish skin damage. Peptide sequences of SSCH-L were identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Based on the 3D-QSAR modeling prediction, six total peptides were selected to test the UVB-protective activity. Among these peptides, DPFRHY showed good UVB-repair activity, ROS-scavenging activity, DNA damage-protective activity and apoptosis inhibition activity. These results suggested that DPFRHY has potential applications as a natural anti-photodamage material in cosmetic and functional food industries.

Drying kinetics, physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity and antidiabetic potential of Sargassum fusiforme processed under four drying techniques

Sargassum fusiforme has been consumed as a healthy seaweed for thousands of years. To maximally maintain its quality after harvest, the drying kinetics, physicochemical properties, as well as antioxidant capacity and antidiabetic potential of S. fusiforme were compared, after undergoing sun drying (SD), hot air drying (HD), microwave drying (MD) and freeze-drying (FD). Results showed that FD created a porous honeycomb-type structure, provided the highest retention of chlorophyll a, total phenolics, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, hyperoside and cinnamic acid, and maintained the highest FRAP, DPPH and ABTS free radicals scavenging activities, as well as inhibitory effects against α-amylase, α-glucosidase and lipase. Sample dried by MD demonstrated the highest polysaccharide and gallic acid contents, and showed the highest hydroxyl radicals scavenging and DNA damage protective activities. The SD and HD processes produced dense structure, and caused the additional loss of color, bioactive compounds and biological activity. These findings implied that FD could be a best drying technique for S. fusiforme, however, MD could be a promising alternative method thinking to the long time and high cost of FD procedures.

A flavone from the ethyl acetate extract of Leea rubra leaves with DNA damage protection and antineoplastic activity

Among the major constituents of Leea rubra (Family Vitaceae) leaves, phenolic and flavonoind compounds are most important for therapeutic purposes and the plant parts have been used in traditional medicine to treat several diseases for long. Thus, in order to scientifically confirm the traditional uses of the L. rubra leaves, the present study was designed to investigate the efficacy of the isolated flavones against AAPH induced oxidative damage to pUC19 DNA by gel electrophoresis and antineoplastic activity was evaluated on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) bearing Swiss albino mice by evaluating percentage inhibition of cell growth, morphological changes of EAC cells and hematological parameters of the mice. The isolation was carried out by column chromatography and structure was revealed by 1H-NMR and 13C NMR. The result shows that, the isolated compound was identified as myricetin 4'-methoxy-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside based on previously reported data. The isolated flavone effectively inhibited AAPH-induced oxidative damage to DNA; because it could inhibit the formation of circular and linear forms of the DNA. In anti-proliferative assay, 76% growth inhibition of EAC cells was observed as compare to the control mice (p<0.05) at a dose 100 mg/kg body weight. Thus the isolated flavone showed great importance as a possible therapeutic agent in preventing oxidative damage to DNA and the chronic diseases caused by such DNA damage, and can also become important in cancer chemotherapy.

Withania somnifera Chemical Constituents' In Vitro Antioxidant Potential and Their Response on Spermatozoa Parameters.

Background: Phytomedicine is becoming more acceptable as an alternative medicinal approach in the modern era.Objectives: The current study examined the antioxidant capacity and in vitro response of phytochemical constituents of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) on standard parameters of healthy volunteer semen.Methods: The phytochemicals and their pharmacological response in a hydroethanolic (30:70 v/v) extract of W. somnifera roots were determined using standard protocols.Results: The constituents included flavonoids, phenolic acids, alkaloids, and terpenoids were reported. High-performance liquid chromatography and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy determined a diverse array of biologically active chemical constituents in the extract. The extract of W. somnifera exhibits substantial antioxidant properties, including total antioxidant capacity, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl inhibition, H2O2 scavenging, and Fe3+ reducing potential (P < .05). The analysis of essential natural minerals explored adequate levels determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Cytotoxic studies revealed significant thrombolytic, RBC membrane stabilization, and DNA damage protection activity (P < .05) while remaining non-mutagenic against Salmonella typhi TA98 and TA100. The best protective response of W. somnifera extract on human semen parameters (n = 30), such as total motility, progressive motility, and viability, demonstrated a significant (P < .05) improvement, particularly at the dose of 25 μg/mL and 50 μg/mL.Conclusion: The study concludes that W. somnifera possesses favorable in vitro characteristics that could aid in the preservation of sperm during intrauterine insemination and in vitro fertilization.

Identification of bioactive peptides released from in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of yam proteins (Dioscorea cayennensis)

Bioactive peptides have been broadly studied for their contribution to human health. This study aimed to identify bioactive peptides generated by in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of yam proteins. Yam protein concentrate (YPC) was submitted to simulated digestion. Gastric phase hydrolysate (GPH) and total gastrointestinal phase hydrolysate (GIPH) had their peptides identified by nanoLC-ESI-MS/MS. Peptide sequences were subjected to a database-driven (BIOPEP) bioactivity search. In vitro tests included: Antioxidant activity, DNA damage protection, ACE-inhibitory activity and antibacterial activity against the bacteria Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp. and Lysteria monocytogenes. Simulated digestion generated small peptides (mostly MW < 3500 Da), several of them with potential bioactive sequences predicted in silico. In both GPH and GIPH biological activities were detected, although GIPH displayed stronger DNA damage protection and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. The digestion of yam proteins releases promising biologically active peptides which can contribute to the prevention of bacterial infection and chronic degenerative diseases, with beneficial effects to human health.

Antioxidant and Cytoprotective Potential of the Essential Oil Pistacia lentiscus var. chia and Its Major Components Myrcene and α-Pinene.

The antioxidant, cytoprotective, and wound-healing potential of the essential oil from the resin of Pistacia lentiscus var. chia (mastic oil) was evaluated, along with that of its major components, myrcene and α-pinene. Antioxidant potential was monitored as: (i) direct antioxidant activity as assessed by 2,2-di-phenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and ABTS assays; (ii) DNA damage protection activity; and (iii) cytoprotective activity as assessed via induction of transcription of genes related to the antioxidant response in human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT). The cytoprotective potential of the test substances was further evaluated against ultraviolet radiation B (UVB)- or H2O2-induced oxidative damage, whereas their regenerative capability was accessed by monitoring the wound closure rate in HaCaT. Μastic oil and major components did not show significant direct antioxidant activity, however they increased the mRNA levels of antioxidant response genes, suggesting indirect antioxidant activity. Treatment of HaCaT with the test substances before and after UVB irradiation resulted in increased cell viability in the cases of pre-treatment with mastic oil or post-treatment with myrcene. Increased cytoprotection was also observed in the case of cell treatment with mastic oil or its major components prior to H2O2 exposure. Finally, mastic oil and myrcene demonstrated a favorable dose-dependent effect for cell migration and wound closure. Collectively, mastic essential oil may exert its promising cytoprotective properties through indirect antioxidant mechanisms.

Interrelation of cholesterol‐lowering, antioxidant activity and DNA damage protection to the different solvent extracts of mulberry (Morus albaL.)

Relationships among the cholesterol-lowering, antioxidant, and DNA damage protection activity of four solvent extracts from the Morus alba L. (Cultivar Hongguo 2) fruits, leaves, and twigs were investigated. The petroleum ether extract of fruit (FPE) had the highest amount of total flavonoids, cholesterol-lowering activity, and better DPPH radical scavenging capacity. The ethyl acetate extract of fruit (FEE) had the highest antioxidant activity. The petroleum ether extract of the leaf (LPE), fruit (FPE), and ethyl acetate extract of twig (TEE) had strong inhibiting lipid oxidation activity (ILOA) and DNA damage protection potential, accompanied with high total phenols and flavonoids content. It suggested that polyphenol contents, flavonoid contents, or both to Hongguo 2 were positively correlated with the three biological activities, moreover, the low polarity extracts of the high ILOA could improve the cholesterol-lowering activity or DNA damage protection potential through the synergism among different polyphenolic and flavonoids compounds. Practical applications All the results indicate that the medium and low polarity substances of Hongguo 2 are good sources of natural anti-hypercholesterolemia, antioxidants, and DNA damage protection deserved further investigation and process to functional food. The petroleum ether extract of the fruit (FPE) had both high cholesterol-lowering and DNA damage protection activity that could serve as potential Chinese patent medicine in a trial to alleviate the adverse effects of hypercholesterolemic individuals. The petroleum ether extract of the leaf, fruit, and ethyl acetate extract of twig with strong DNA damage protection potential and rich phenols and flavonoids could be a functional food to prevent genetic damage. The fruit ethyl acetate extract with high antioxidant activity could be a natural anti-aging ingredient to apply to antioxidation health products.

In vitro biological evaluation and DNA damage protection activities of Cotoneaster afghanicus G.Klotz and Tamarix arceuthoides Bunge extracts

In vitro biological evaluation and DNA damage protection activities of Cotoneaster afghanicus G.Klotz and Tamarix arceuthoides Bunge extracts

Antioxidant potential of Eclipta alba, a traditional medicinal herb attenuates oxidative DNA damage in vitro

Abstract. Purushothaman A, Ganesh A, Meenatchi P, Sundaram R, Venkataramanan. 2020. Antioxidant potential of Eclipta alba, a traditional medicinal herb attenuates oxidative DNA damage in vitro. Nusantara Bioscience 12: 73-78. The plant Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. is an important plant used in the traditional Ayurvedic, Unani systems of holistic health and herbal medicine of the East. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and DNA damage protection activities of ethanolic extract of E. alba. Quantitative analysis of total phenolic content (TPC) and identification of bioactive components using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) was performed to provide scientific basis for traditional usage of this plant. To investigate the antioxidant potential, extracts were tested for their capacity to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Superoxide radicals (O2•-). DNA damage protective activity of ethanol extract of E. alba was checked on pBluescript M13+ plasmid DNA. The Plasmid DNA was oxidized with H2O2 + UV treatment in the absence and presence of different concentrations of E. alba extract (75, 150, and 300 μg/mL). Electrophoresis was performed using 1% agarose at 40 V for 3 h in the presence of ethidium bromide. Gel was scanned on a Gel documentation system. Bands on the gels corresponding to supercoiled circular, circular relaxed, and linearized DNA were quantified. The results of preliminary phytochemical screening of E. alba extract showed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, and tannins. The extract was found to have rich phenolics content of 26.38 ± 2.45 milligram of gallic acid equivalents (mg GAE/g). The extract exhibited excellent antioxidant activities. GC-MS analysis of the extract confirmed the presence of major active principles. Furthermore, the extract significantly inhibited DNA damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Altogether, the results of current study revealed that E. alba is a potential source of antioxidants and provides pharmacological credibility to the ethnomedicinal use of this plant in traditional system of medicine, also justifying its therapeutic application in oxidative damage induced diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and neurological disorders.

Antioxidant activity of flavonoid compounds isolated from the petals of Hibiscus rosa sinensis

Hibiscus rosasinensis, medicinal plant known for its various medicinal properties. The present study was to identify and characterize the flavonoid compound from the petals of Hibiscus rosa sinensis. The antioxidant compounds were isolated by Silica Gel G Column chromatography. From the fractions, C5 shows the highest antioxidant activity compared to C3 & C4 compounds. DNA damage protection activity results indicated that two major bands super coiled DNA and open circular DNA was protected by the presence of different concentration (5 µg, 10 µg, 15 µg & 20 µg) of C5 compound isolated from the petals of Hibiscus rosa sinensis. IR absorptions peaks reveals the presence of functional groups alcohols, phenols, α,β unsaturated aldehyes, ketones and alkanes. The structure of compound was characterized as Hibiscetin-3-glucoside (C21H20O14) by Mass spectroscopy and NMR. The study emphasized flavanoid compounds have effective scavenging activities which may be due to its phenolics and flavonoid contents and can be used as anticancer agents.

Design, synthesis and evaluation of new chromone-derived aminophosphonates as potential acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.

A series of novel N-substituted α-aminophosphonates-bearing chromone moiety were synthesized and evaluated for acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activities and antioxidant properties. Porcine pancreatic lipase was employed as a catalyst. Inhibitory activity against AChE ranged between 0.103 and 5.781µM, whereas for BuChE, activities ranged between 8.619 and 18.789µM. The results show that among the various synthesized compounds, strongest AChE inhibition was found for the compound containing aliphatic amine analogs, while in case of BuChE, aromatic amines showed better activity as compared to aliphatic amines. Compound 4j was found to be the most potent inhibitor of AChE with an IC50 value of 0.103 ± 0.24μM and inhibited AChE through mixed-type inhibition. Compound 4j was twofolds more potent than tacrine, 35-folds potent than galantamine and 50-folds potent than rivastigmine. Also, docking study revealed that compound 4j binds to both the peripheral anionic site and catalytic anionic site of AChE and BuChE. The antioxidant activities of synthesized compounds were performed against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and hydrogen peroxide scavenging. DNA nicking activity of selected compounds also suggested that the compounds do not harm plasmid DNA pBR322. Compound 4j also showed significant DNA damage protection activity. Novel N-substituted α-aminophosphonates bearing chromone moiety were synthesized and evaluated for anti-acetylcholinesterase, anti-butyrylcholinesterase, antioxidant and DNA damage activities.

Evaluation of antioxidant activities, toxicity studies and the DNA damage protective effect of various solvent extracts of Litsea cubeba fruits

Litsea cubeba is devoured by the ethnic individuals of Arunachal Pradesh in India as food and has been traditionally used for curing different ailments. The purpose of present study was to investigate the antioxidant activities of fruits of L. cubeba using different solvent extracts, quantification of phenolics, toxicity studies and DNA damage protective activities. The antioxidant activities of fruits using five different solvent extracts completed utilizing different in vitro examines. The quantitation of phenolic and polyphenolic compounds in the methanol extract of the fruits was carried out by HPLC. The in vitro haemolytic examination of plant concentrates were completed on rat erythrocytes. Appraisal of cytotoxicity of eatable fruits was assessed by MTT measure. The genotoxicity of the contemplated plant was tried by the single-cell gel electrophoresis comet measure. The DNA defensive impacts of the aqueous extracts of fruits on rodent lymphocyte DNA lesions were likewise assessed with the comet test. The extract obtained by methanol exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. The HPLC examination of the methanol concentrate of the plant demonstrated the occurrence of different phenolic acids and flavonoids like caffeic acid (145.96μg/100mg DE), syringic acid (125.85 μg/100mg DE), ferulic acid (155.89 μg/100mg DE), apigenin (28.43 μg/100mg DE), kaempferol (53.41 μg/100mg DE) etc. in various amounts. The consequences of haemolytic lethality, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of fluid concentrates of the edible plant ensure the security at cell and genomic level. The fluid concentrate of the plant fundamentally repressed DNA harm and these information recommend that the watery concentrate of L. cubeba can forestall oxidative DNA harm to rodent lymphocytes, which is likely because of antioxidant constituents in the concentrate. These outcomes demonstrate that L. cubeba can be utilized in dietary applications with a possibility to diminish oxidative pressure.

DNA damage protection and antioxidant activities of peptides isolated from sour meat co-fermented by P. pentosaceus SWU73571 and L. curvatus LAB26

ABSTRACT DNA damage and antioxidant activities of sour meat peptides were evaluated using chemiluminescence and spectroscopic methods. All sour meat peptides exhibited DNA damage protection and free radical scavenging activities against DPPH radicals, hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anions in a dose-dependent manner, and showed the strongest inhibition of hydroxyl radicals and the weakest inhibition of superoxide anion radicals. The IC50 values of sour meat peptides from inoculating fermentation were 2.11, 4.23, 0.097 and 9.85 mg/mL for the inhibition of DNA damage and scavenging capacities of DPPH radicals, hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anion radicals, respectively, and were significantly lower than those of traditional fermentation (P < 0.05). Compared to traditional fermentation, co-fermentation of P. pentosaceus SWU73571 and L. curvatus LAB26 significantly enhanced inhibition of DNA damage and antioxidant activities of peptides (P < 0.05), revealing good microbial sources as a natural starter for the improvement of antioxidant capacity of fermented meat products.

Cytotoxic and antigenotoxic properties of phenolic compound isolated from the fruit of Terminalia chebula on HeLa cell

BackgroundDNA in a human cell is subjected to constant assault from both environmental factors and normal metabolic processes. Accumulation of DNA damage drives the progression of many health disorders like aging, cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders.ResultsThe present study focuses on the isolation of phenolic compound from the fruit of Terminalia chebula and its protective role on induced DNA damage. Diethyl ether and ethyl acetate extract of Terminalia chebula fruit were subjected to column chromatographic purification, and the fractions obtained were tested for the presence of phenolics. Fraction-12 isolated from diethyl ether extract was identified as gallic acid, which is used for cytotoxic and DNA damage protection activity assays. To select a non-toxic concentration of isolated compound, cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT assay. Gallic acid showed moderate toxicity at the highest concentration tested (i.e., percentage cell viability at 100 μg/ml is 40.51 ± 1.31). Antigenotoxic effect of gallic acid on HeLa cells was carried by alkaline comet assay. The compound showed significant protective abilities against hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage in HeLa cells.ConclusionThese results show the importance of gallic acid isolated from Terminalia chebula fruit, as protector of oxidative stress-induced DNA damage.

COMPARATIVE STUDY AGAINST OXIDATIVE STRESS AND DNA DAMAGE PROTECTION ACTIVITY OF THE DIFFERENT EXTRACTS OF TUBERS OF ARISAEMA TORTUOSUM (WALL.) SCHOTT.

Objective: Our main aim is to evaluate the comparative in vitro antioxidant and DNA damage protection activity study with different extracts of tubers of Arisaema tortuosum.&#x0D; Methods: A. tortuosum (Wall.) Schott. (Araceae family) is commonly known as whipcord cobra lily, used in India as traditional medicine. In vitro, antioxidant activity was done by six methods including determination of total phenolic and total flavonoid compounds. The DNA damage was estimated by standard diphenylamine reaction.&#x0D; Results: Methanolic extract of tubers of A. tortuosum has been found rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds when compared with other extracts. Methanolic extract of rhizomes of A. tortuosum showed potent antioxidant activity at a concentration of 400 μg/mL and potent the DNA damage protecting activity at a concentration of 50 μg/mL.&#x0D; Conclusion: Comparative study against oxidative damage and protection to the DNA damage protection activity of the different extracts of tubers of A. tortuosum (Wall.) Schott. showed that methanolic extract is most potent, though ethyl acetate extract also showed activity.