Division Of Korea Research Articles

The War on "Red Drugs": Anticommunism and Drug Policy in Republic of Korea, 1945-1960

This paper investigates the discourses and policies on narcotics in Republic of Korea from 1945 to 1960. Since the Liberation the narcotic problem was regarded as the vestige of Japanese imperialism. which was expected to be cleaned up. The image of narcotic crimes as the legacy of the colonial past was turned into as the result of the Red Army's tactics to attack on the liberalist camp around the Korean war. The government of ROK represented the source of the illegal drugs as the Red army and the spy from North Korea. The anticommunist discourse about narcotics described the spies, who introduced the enormous amount of poppies into ROK and brought about the addicts, as the social evil. Through this discourse on poppies from North Korea, the government of ROK emphasized the immorality of the communists reinforcing the anticommunist regime, which was inevitable for the government of ROK to legitimize the division of Korea and the establishment of the government alone. This paper examines how the discourses and policies on narcotics in ROK was shaped and transformed from 1945 to 1960 focusing the relationship between the them and the political context such as anticommunism, Korean war, the division of Korea, and etc. This approach would be helpful to reveal the effect of the ROK's own political situation to the public health system involving the management for drugs.

Influence of Applied Frequency on Microstructural and Electrochemical Characteristics of Ceramic Coating Produced on Al-Mg Alloy by Pulsed Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation

Influence of Applied Frequency on Microstructural and Electrochemical Characteristics of Ceramic Coating Produced on Al-Mg Alloy by Pulsed Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation J.H. Lee, S.J. Lee and S.J. Kimc,∗ Korea Testing & Research Institute, Key Industry Division, Jongga-ro 15, Ulsan, 44412, Korea Kunsan National University, Department of Power System Engineering, Daehak-ro 558, Kunsan-si, Jeonbuk, Korea Division of Marine Engineering, Mokpo National Maritime University, Haeyangdaehak-Ro 91 Mokpo-si, Jeonnam, 530-729 Korea

The Religious-Political Aspirations of North Korean Migrants and Protestant Churches in Seoul

This article highlights an aspiration specific to Seoul that is projected onto, experienced, and contested by North Korean refugee-migrants who have recently arrived by way of China in this capitalist city of a divided Korea. I pay particular attention to the role of the evangelical Protestant Church in the process of subjectification of these migrant individuals and the performative rituals by which they negotiate religious-political aspirations toward the future. The bodily-spiritual transformation of individual North Korean migrants into Christians is not strictly teleological and is more complicated, ambivalent, and diversified. By comparing two distinctive North Korean migrant activities—the balloon leaflet campaigns and the With-U music concerts and activities—this article discusses the efficacies of the performative rituals of violence and peace that contest and constitute the particular religious-political aspirations in the context of late-Cold War Seoul.

A Study on the Multi-sided Conflict Structure of the Division of South and North Korea

A Study on the Multi-sided Conflict Structure of the Division of South and North Korea

마가와 바울의 눈으로 보는 추방, 해방과 분단 7년

마가와 바울의 눈으로 보는 추방, 해방과 분단 7년

The Issues of the Division of Korea and Its Reunification seen from the Perspective of the Politics of Human Rights

The Issues of the Division of Korea and Its Reunification seen from the Perspective of the Politics of Human Rights

남북분단 70년과 북한선교의 방향성 모색

남북분단 70년과 북한선교의 방향성 모색

The authors reply

Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea The authors have disclosed that they do not have any potential conflicts of interest.

Ki-rye Jang, a practitioner of love and compassion overcoming the suffering due to the division of Korea

Ki-rye Jang, a practitioner of love and compassion overcoming the suffering due to the division of Korea

Clinical Nutrition Services of a Long-term Care Hospital in Korea

Depatment of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea Division of Food Science & Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea Depatment of Nutrition Service, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Depatment of Food & Nutrition, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Korea Depatment of Health Care Center, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea Depatment of Korean Cuisine, Jeonju University, Jeonju, Korea Depatment of Food & Nutritional Care, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea Depatment of Nutrition and Dietetics, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea Depatment of Dietetics, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea

Enhancement of Antibacterial Activity of Short Tryptophan-rich Antimicrobial Peptide Pac-525 by Replacing Trp with His(chx)

Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute,Chungbuk 363-883, Korea. E-mail: bangjk@kbsi.re.kr Department of Bio-Materials, Graduate School and Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea. E-mail: syshin@chosun.ac.kr Molecular Embryology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Korea College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Korea Division of Electron Microscopic Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Korea Received May 15, 2014, Accepted May 30, 2014

El aleph de memorias y los modos de documentar la división de Corea en la contemporaneidad

The aftermath of the Korean War (1950–1953), the North Korean refugees and political prisoners in the South, the separation of families, and others painful traces of the division of Korea (1945), have occupied a central place in South Korean cinema. However, for decades, the cinematic representations of the ideological conflict did not take into account the way in which violence and horror struck the Korean diaspora. The presence of these memories in Our School (2006) and Grandmother's Flower (2008) has produced a new challenge to the ways of seeing and narrating the historical memories in visual images. In this article, I will focus on revealing the values of the past in terms of memory space. I suggest a reading from a peculiar understanding of violence, oppression and discrimination. By comparing these two acclaimed films, I have attempted to rethink the boundaries and dispute processes of appropriating historical traumas and its relation to the multiple locations of historical memories.

On the Origins of an Independent South Korean State: Separatism Versus a Policy of Unity

The present paper focuses on the political processes in South Korea after the liberation from Japanese colonialism in August 1945 and before the establishment of an independent Republic of Korea in August 1948. Due to the division of Korea along the 38 parallel and dislocation of the US and USSR’s occupation forces in South and North Korea respectively the US with support of UN contributed a lot to the establishment of an independent South Korean state but they didn’t prejudge the political situation completely. South Korean newspapers, documents on the American and Soviet foreign policy were used to determine a shift of the US strategy toward Korea and a political tactic of South Korean nationalists during transitional period (1945-1948). The preliminary results of the research show that the shift of the US strategy toward establishment a separatist government in South Korea coincided with the separatist tactic of South Korean right wing political groups. South Korean moderates developed a political movement for keeping national unity thus opposing to the rightists. The establishment of an independent South Korean state was a result of the joint efforts of the US and South Korean rightists and extreme right political groups.

South Korean Cinema’s Postwar Pain: Gender and National Division in Korean War Films from the 1950s to the 2000s

Abstract For South Korean filmmakers and cinemagoers, the Korean War (1950–53)—and the broader issue of the North/South divide—has been one of the most enduring and appealing subjects. Contemporary films on this topic articulate the tragic dimensions of the national division and suggest that war itself is the true enemy, emphasizing that the conflict still has a meaningful impact on people’s lives. Bombastic blockbusters such as Taegukgi: The Brotherhood of War (T’aekǔkki hwinallimyŏ, 2004) serve as a “prosthetic memory” of the event for younger audiences, while more contemplative and artistic films like Welcome to Dongmakgol (Welk’ŏm t’u Tongmakkol, 2005) present a starkly anti-American ideology, blaming US intervention for shattering any chance at true peace between a divided Korea. Yet, while films about the Korean War have proliferated for sixty years, filmmakers seem even more haunted by the post-Armistice atmosphere of military tension. Both during and after the period when the South Korean government enforced strict censorship and was stridently anticommunist, filmmakers have frequently turned to the figure of the female North Korean spy to represent both the danger and the tragedy of division. This article, therefore, traces the historical development and ideological subtext of Korean War films, and, to a greater extent, the postwar espionage thrillers, focusing, in particular, on the role of gender and filmmaking at two important moments: the immediate postwar period and the revival of South Korean cinema at the turn of the century.

Effects of SLA surface treated with NaOH on surface characteristics and response of osteoblast-like cell

Jin-Chul Park, Joo-Hyeun Kim, Eun-Sook Kang, Jae-Jun Ryu*, Jung-Bo Huh* Graduate School of Clinical Dental Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea Department of Prosthodontics, In-Je University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Dentistry, Korea University Anam Hospital,Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea

The Right to Space?: Aspects of foreign workers' experiences of spatial division and social exclusion in Korea

The Right to Space?: Aspects of foreign workers' experiences of spatial division and social exclusion in Korea

The Cold War and the welfare state in divided Korea and Germany

Several scholars have hypothesized that the unprecedented expansion of the welfare state during the immediate post-war decades was to some degree related to fierce regime competition in the bipolar world that emerged in the aftermath of the Second World War. This paper uses the case study method to provide a more nuanced analysis of the causal mechanisms linking the Cold War and the welfare state. Focussing on Germany and Korea, which in methodological terms can be regarded as most-likely cases, we examine whether and, if so, to what extent the Cold War rivalry has influenced national social policy development in these divided countries. We argue that two causal mechanisms, competition and demarcation, were important in this respect. Both mechanisms were closely related to the need of governments to enhance regime legitimacy in a period of military tension and political conflict.

Bringing the Military Back in Political Transition

In August 2012, Armed Forces & Society published an article by Insoo Kim, “Intra-military Divisions and Democratization in South Korea.” Uk Heo and Seongyi Yun refuted Kim's argument in their Disputatio Sine Fine response, “Another View on the Relationship between Democratization and Intra-Military Division in South Korea,“ published in April 2013. In the article, Heo and Yun argued that there was no clear sign of schism in the South Korea military and economic development substantially produced favorable condition for democratization in South Korea. Kim, by contrast, maintains that that the effect of intra-military division on political transition should be incorporated into the explanation of democratization in South Korea because Heo and Yun do not justify their claim that there was no clear evidence of schism in the South Korean military.

The Potsdam Conference and the Role of the U.S. in the Division of Korea along the 38th Parallel North: August-11 Draft Theory vs. July-25 Conception Theory

Conventional accounts of the division of the Korean Peninsula at the 38 th parallel north see the line as having been suddenly drafted for the convenience of the military on August 11, 1945. This narrative was based on oral testimony records of Brigadier General Lincoln, who headed the strategic planning unit under the U.S. joint special operations agency. Lincoln and his subordinates, Colonels Bonesteel and Rusk, testified that their decision was based on a National Geographic map, which was later discovered at the U.S. National Archives. Cartographic discrepancies, however, suggest that the August 11 accidental draft may be a deliberate cover-up for actual deliberations that had taken place earlier. Interviews with Lieutenant General Hull reveal that the idea of the 38 th parallel line was created at an earlier date, around July 25, during the Potsdam Conference. The 38 th parallel plan is therefore better interpreted as an outcome of U.S. decision-makers’ advance preparation, which began at a date no later than July 25. It was apparently based on political interest to prevent the Soviet Union’s southward advancement. While Hull’s memoir partly differs from the conventional U.S.-Soviet secret pact theory, it should be regarded as relevant, especially because he was the superior in position to the three individuals on whose testimony the conventional theories are based. The present study concludes that while the actual draft of the 38 th parallel dividing line was confirmed and formulated to the superior authorities by Lincoln and others on August 11, the plan was devised earlier, around July 25.

Plasma citrulline in diagnosing of acute intestinal failure in patients with severe acute pancreatitis

s / Pancreatology 13 (2013) S2–S98 S66 0% in patients with single-OF, 11.8% in patients with two-OF, 58.8% in patients with three-OF and 29.4% in patients with four-OF (z1⁄4-3.688, p<0.001). Conclusion: Elevation of IAP correlates with frequency of OF in patients with SAP. Mortality rate is higher in patients with multi-OF and higher IAP during SAP. PII-43 Abstract id: 91. Plasma citrulline in diagnosing of acute intestinal failure in patients with severe acute pancreatitis Oleksandr Rotar, Vasiliy Rotar. Emergency Care Hospital, Chernivtsi, Ukraine Introduction: Acute intestinal failure in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is common and associated with a poor prognosis. However, a validated it’s definition is lacking. Plasma citrulline, an amino acid produced exclusively by enterocytes, might be a candidate. Aims: To assess ability of plasma citrulline in diagnosing acute intestinal failure in patients with SAP. Patients m 1–RL group with standard fluid resuscitation with RL 1000 ml solution, or 2-NS group witch standard fluid resuscitation with 1000 ml normal saline. All patients from both groups received additional 5% Glucose Solution and Multiple Electrolytes Solution. Results:We noted 63 (61.1%) patients with mild, 24 (23.3 %) moderate, 14 (13.6%) severe, and 2 (1.9%) critical AP. No significant difference in distribution of severity of AP between two groups was found. In 1-RL group we identified 21 (52.5%), 11 (27.5%), 6 (15.0%), 2 (5%) patients comparing to 42(66.7%), 13(20.6%), 8(12.7%) and 0 respectively in group 2NS; p1⁄40.230. No significant differences between 1-RL and 2-NS groups were found in terms of confirmed pancreatic necrosis (10 patients(25%) vs.12 patients(19 %), respectively); p1⁄40.637. There were no significant differences between 1-RL and 2-NS groups in mortality and duration of stay in the hospital. Conclusion: Our study did not confirm the favorable action of RL in the first days of AP. PII-45 Abstract id: 237. A comparative analysis of the selected scales for the assessment of prognosis in acute pancreatitis Dorota Koziel , Jaros A,aw Matykiewicz , Piotr Lewitowicz , Zuzanna Dro _ zd _ zak , Stanislaw Gluszek . 1 The Faculty of Health Sciences of the Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Poland 2 Center for Evaluation and Analysis of Public Policies Jagiellonian University Cracow, Poland Introduction: The goal of the research conducted was to assess the usefulness of the selected prognostic scales for both the assessment of the severity and risk of death in patients suffered from acute pancreatitis (AP). Aims: Analysis of the selected scales for the prognosis in AP. Patients & methods: 1014 patients on 16 surgical wards of the Swietokrzyskie Province in Poland were admitted to hospital due to AP during one year. BISAP, Panc 3 score, Ranson scales were calculated on the basis ofthe data obtained during the first 24-hours of their stay on a ward. Results: Based on the modified Atlanta criteria, SAP was diagnosed in 6,9%, moderate pancreatitis in 12.0%, mild pancreatitis in 81.1% of the patients. The death rate due to AP was 3.9%, and in the severe form 52.9% and was significantly higher (p <0,05) than the death rate in the moderate form (no deaths) and the mild one (0.2%). Area under the receiver-operating curve (AUC) for BISAP, Ranson’ s, APACHE-II, and CTSI in predicting SAP are 0.61 (confidence interval (CI) 0.56 – 0.65), 0.53 (CI 0.49 – 0.58), 0.65 (CI 0.60 – 0.70), and 0.75 (CI 0.70 – 0.79), respectively. AUCs for BISAP, Ranson’ s, APACHE-II, and CTSI in predicting death are 0.71 (CI 0.62 – 0.80), 0.68 (CI 0.59 – 0.77), 0.73 (CI 0.62 – 0.83), and 0.49 (CI 0.37 – 0.59), respectively. Conclusion: The Balthazar grading system and CTSI demonstrated the highest accuracy among the CT scoring systems for predicting severity, but for predicting mortality was greatest predictive value APACHE II scale. PII-46 Abstract id: 131. Is bile microscopy reliable for diagnosis of microlithiasis in acute idiopathic pancreatitis? Jung Sik Choi , Hyoung-Chul Oh . 1 Division of Gastroenterology, Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, South Korea Division of Gastroenterology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, South Korea Introduction: Biliary microlithiasis has been suspected as one of the frequent etiologies of acute idiopathic pancreatitis. Polarized microscopic