Demographic Diversity Research Articles

Services availability and readiness assessment of adolescent sexual and reproductive health in primary healthcare facilities: evidence from selected districts in Ghana

BackgroundGlobally, adolescent health remains a public health priority given that adolescents often face unique vulnerabilities to health issues like mental disorders, substance abuse, and sexual health risks. In developing countries like Ghana, primary healthcare facilities (PHCs) are often the first point of contact for addressing these issues. However, there is a lack of literature examining the capacity of PHCs to address adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) issues. This study aims to fill this gap in the literature by assessing the availability and readiness of ASRH services within Ghana’s PHCs.MethodsThe study utilized a multi-stage sampling approach to select 67 PHCs across four districts in the Greater Accra region, reflecting Ghana's broad demographic diversity. We employed the WHO's Services Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) tool to measure the availability and readiness of ASRH services. This framework focused on key domains including service availability and readiness, assessing aspects such as HIV testing, family planning, and availability of contraceptives and necessary staff training. Data analysis was conducted using Stata version 17.0, analysing frequencies and percentages to capture the extent of service provision across the selected facilities.ResultsThe study highlighted significant disparities in the availability and readiness of essential ASRH services (HIV services, family planning, contraceptive pills, IUCD provisions, and male condoms) across selected districts and facility types. In Shai Osudoku, 65% of facilities offered a full range of selected ASRH services, the highest among the districts, whereas Ningo Prampram had the lowest at just 16%. In terms of facility types, 57% of CHPS facilities, 59% of health centres, and 44% of clinics provided all the selected ASRH services. Urban areas reported a 51% provision rate of these services, slightly less than the 54% observed in rural areas. Additionally, readiness disparities were evident: only 21% of urban facilities had adequate service guidelines compared to 29% in rural areas, and a higher percentage of rural facilities (46%) had trained staff, compared to 23% in urban areas.ConclusionThis study examined the availability and readiness of ASRH services in PHCs across the Greater Accra region, revealing significant disparities by location and facility type. Particularly, rural and public facilities demonstrated a higher availability of ASRH services compared to urban and private facilities. These findings suggest an uneven distribution of resources and highlight a potential urban underutilization of public health services. Moreover, the study identified a critical lack of service guidelines and trained staff across many facilities, emphasizing the need for enhanced training and resource allocation to improve service readiness. Targeted interventions are necessary to elevate the quality and accessibility of ASRH services, ensuring equitable health care delivery across all regions. Future research should expand to other regions to validate these findings and inform nationwide health strategies.

Diversity in Medical School, Orthopaedic Surgery Residency, and ACGME-Accredited Foot and Ankle Orthopaedic Surgery Fellowship Training by Gender, Race, and Ethnicity.

Increasing diversity in the US health care workforce is a topic of increasing scrutiny and interest. This study analyzes the pipeline of demographic diversity for Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited foot and ankle orthopaedic surgery fellowship training. This was a cross-sectional study of medical students, orthopaedic surgery residents, and orthopaedic foot and ankle fellows at US-accredited training programs from 2013 to 2022. Self-reported demographic data were available for trainees and compared with the 2020 US Census according to federal guidelines. Participation-to-prevalence ratios (PPRs) were calculated and analyzed to classify representation of demographic groups in orthopaedic foot and ankle surgery training as overrepresented (PPR > 1.2), equivalent (PPR = 0.8-1.2), and underrepresented (PPR < 0.8). Disparities existed in demographic representation among medical students, orthopaedic surgery residents, and ACGME-accredited orthopaedic foot and ankle fellows among women (48.4% vs 16.1% vs 20.1, P < .001), black (6.9% vs 4.6% vs 4.5%, P < .001), Asian (23.9% vs 14.1% vs 23.9%, P < .001), and Hispanic (6.1% vs 4.6% vs 3.0%, P < .001) trainees. There were no self-reported American Indian/Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander trainees in orthopaedic foot and ankle fellowship training (PPR = 0). Women (PPR = 0.40), black (PPR = 0.36), and Hispanic (PPR = 0.16) trainees were underrepresented in orthopaedic foot and ankle training relative to the US population. In contrast, Asian (PPR = 3.45), men (PPR = 1.61), and white (PPR = 1.21) trainees were overrepresented in orthopaedic foot and ankle relative to the US population. There is a lack of gender, racial, and ethnic diversity in orthopaedic foot and ankle training relative to the US patient population and earlier stages of medical training. Increased efforts to recruit underrepresented groups may promote diversity and inclusion in the emerging orthopaedic foot and ankle surgery workforce. III.

A systematic review of portable technologies for the early assessment of motor development in infants

Early screening and evaluation of infant motor development are crucial for detecting motor deficits and enabling timely interventions. Traditional clinical assessments are often subjective, without fully capturing infants’ “real-world” behavior. This has sparked interest in portable, low-cost technologies to objectively and precisely measure infant motion at home, with a goal of enhancing ecological validity. In this systematic review, we explored the current landscape of portable, technology-based solutions to assess early motor development (within the first year), outlining the prevailing challenges and future directions. We reviewed 66 publications, which utilized video, sensors, or a combination of technologies. There were three key applications of these technologies: (1) automating clinical assessments, (2) illuminating new measures of motor development, and (3) predicting developmental outcomes. There was a promising trend toward earlier and more accurate detection using portable technologies. Additional research and demographic diversity are needed to develop fully automated, robust, and user-friendly tools. Registration & Protocol OSF Registries https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/R6JAE.

Exploring the Association between Sense of Meaning in Life, Life Satisfaction and Resilience among Adults of Age 18-22 Years

This study examines the relationships between a sense of meaning in life, resilience, and life satisfaction among adults aged 18–22 years. Using a stratified sampling technique, 300 participants were selected to ensure demographic diversity. Standardized instruments measured the variables, and data were analyzed using correlation and regression techniques. The findings reveal significant positive relationships between the sense of meaning in life, resilience, and life satisfaction. Regression analysis highlights that both resilience and sense of meaning in life are significant predictors of life satisfaction. These results underscore the importance of fostering a sense of purpose and resilience to enhance overall well-being. The study provides valuable insights for mental health practitioners and policymakers to develop targeted interventions for young adults.

Which dimensions of regional diversity facilitate media cluster formation?

ABSTRACT This research investigates the relationship between regional diversity and media industry agglomeration by exploring multiple aspects of regional diversity, including cultural, economic, and demographic diversity, and their varying impacts on media industry agglomeration in South Korea. The findings of this study show that regions with great cultural and economic diversity attract the media industry. Exposure to diverse cultures and various economic activities enhances the region’s capacity to embrace unconventional thinking and innovative ideas, attracting creative talents who are vital to the media industry and promoting a conducive environment for creative activities within the media industry. However, this research also found that not all forms of regional diversity act as magnets for the media industry. Highlighting the multifaceted aspects of regional diversity, this study provides empirical evidence that, rather than a demographically diverse population, a demographically concentrated population of young labor attracts media industry agglomeration, facilitating the formation of media industry clusters.

Public Understanding and Expectations of Digital Health Evidence Generation: Focus Group Study.

The rapid proliferation of health apps has not been matched by a comparable growth in scientific evaluations of their effectiveness, particularly for apps available to the public. This gap has prompted ongoing debate about the types of evidence necessary to validate health apps, especially as the perceived risk level varies from wellness tools to diagnostic aids. The perspectives of the general public, who are direct stakeholders, are notably underrepresented in discussions on digital health evidence generation. This study aimed to explore public understanding and expectations regarding the evidence required to demonstrate health apps' effectiveness, including at varying levels of health risk. A total of 4 focus group discussions were held with UK residents aged 18 years and older, recruited through targeted advertisements to ensure demographic diversity. Participants discussed their views on evidence requirements for 5 hypothetical health apps, ranging from low-risk wellness apps to high-risk diagnostic tools. Focus groups were moderated using a structured guide, and data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis to extract common themes. A total of 5 key themes were established: personal needs, app functionality, social approval, expectations of testing, and authority. Participants relied on personal experiences and social endorsements when judging the effectiveness of low-risk digital health interventions, while making minimal reference to traditional scientific evidence. However, as the perceived risk of an app increased, there was a noticeable shift toward preferring evidence from authoritative sources, such as government or National Health Service endorsements. The public have a preference for evidence that resonates on a personal level, but also show a heightened demand for authoritative guidance as the potential risk of digital health interventions increases. These perspectives should guide developers, regulators, and policy makers as they balance how to achieve innovation, safety, and public trust in the digital health landscape. Engaging the public in evidence-generation processes and ensuring transparency in app functionality and testing can bridge the gap between public expectations and regulatory standards, fostering trust in digital health technologies.

Vietnam’s Missing Female Births: Insights from Geographical Differences, Trends, and Cultural Preferences

The sex ratio at birth (SRB) imbalance, primarily resulting from sex-selective abortion, is considered one of the most pressing demographic issues in Vietnam, as denoted by persistent high SRB for more than two decades. The government’s efforts are challenged by cultural, demographic, and socioeconomic diversity across geographical locations and sub-groups inside the country. For example, son preference is biased towards Northern Vietnam. This study seeks to better understand this diversity by estimating missing female births (MiFB) in count and percentage in all geographical locations from 2009 to 2019 in Vietnam and to further analyze the annual MiFB trend and integrate it with the lunar years of birth. The number of MiFB is the difference between the estimated female births and the expected female births that would have been born if prenatal sex selection practices were absent in Vietnam. We found that MiFB was prevalent and universal in Vietnam in the observed period, with no signal of downturn in the national percentage of MiFB. The negative impacts of MiFB in the past decades are expected to emerge soon in Vietnam’s society, like other earlier affected Asian countries. Thus, urgent actions are needed.

Demographic clinical trial diversity assessment methods: Use of real-world data

Demographic clinical trial diversity assessment methods: Use of real-world data

Demographic rates and diversity vary with tree stature and ontogenetic stage in an African tropical rainforest

AbstractThe vertical gradient of light in closed‐canopy forests selects for trees with different adult statures, but our understanding of how stature affects forest diversity and demography is unclear. In a species‐rich rainforest in Cameroon, we quantified the contributions of four growth forms of increasing adult stature (treelet, understory, canopy, emergent species) to forest structure and diversity, and investigated variation in life history trade‐offs across growth forms. Treelets had the highest stem density, contributed the most to forest diversity, and diverged from larger statured species in terms of demographic trade‐offs. Growth rates were slower for smaller statured than for larger statured species, and at the adult stage, treelets had significantly lower mortality than other growth forms. We observed significant interspecific trade‐off relationships between staure and demographic rates that often differed between growth forms. Recruitment rate strongly declined with adult stature for all growth forms, but recruitment per reproductive adult declined only for emergents. While we observed a significant growth‐mortality trade‐off across all species, the trade‐off was similar across growth forms. Smaller statured species in our study are not light‐demanding but rather treelet and understory species that live entirely in the shaded understory. Differences in how historical biogeography has shaped species pools may ultimately cause variation in how adult stature contributes to tropical forest diversity.

Examining Assertive Social Influence and Its Effect on Decision Making: An Experimental Approach

The study examines the influence of assertive social presence on the individual decision-making of first-year students enrolled in the university. In order to assess the students’ decision-making during the pre-intervention and post-intervention, the study adopted a quasi-experimental design. Meanwhile, utilizing a within-subject design, the initial and final responses of the participants (n=30) were used for comparison. A Chi-Square test revealed no significant difference between the initial and final responses of (p = 0.732 for the Love Issue; p = 0.869 for the Obligation Issue). A manipulation check survey was conducted to assess the participants' perception of the assertive influence and showed a low perceived manipulation (x̄=2.42, SD=0.621, SE=0.113). Based on the findings of the study, the assertive social presence did not significantly influence the decision-making of individuals. The generalizability of the study is constrained by its limited sample size and lack of demographic diversity. Confounding variables, including question format and unmeasured confidence levels, may have influenced results, while inadequate confederate assertiveness could affect validity. Future research may employ correlational or alternative designs to examine the impact of social influence on decision-making, alongside measuring confidence levels, exploring cultural values, incorporating diverse age groups, refining question formats, and increasing sample sizes to improve accuracy and generalizability.

A Simplified Integrative Approach to Assessing Productive Sustainability and Livelihoods in the “Amazonian Chakra” in Ecuador

This study integrates the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF) and the Sustainability Assessment of Food and Agriculture Systems (SAFA) to evaluate the sustainability and livelihood dynamics of the Amazonian Chakra system, recently designated as a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System (GIAHS) by the FAO. Using data from 330 producers across three associations (Kallari, Wiñak, and Tsatsayaku) in the Ecuadorian Amazon, the study employed discriminant analysis to assess governance, environmental integrity, economic resilience, social well-being, and livelihood capitals. Results revealed significant disparities across associations in key sustainability dimensions. Kallari and Wiñak demonstrated stronger governance, environmental integrity and economic resilience, linked to mature organizational structures and effective governance mechanisms. In contrast, Tsatsayaku excelled in demographic diversity and larger landholdings but lagged in governance and environmental practices. Extreme poverty affected 82% of households, with Tsatsayaku having the lowest rate (69%) compared to Wiñak (89%) and Kallari (87%). Chakra income contributed significantly to livelihoods, accounting for 44% of total income in Kallari, 37% in Wiñak, but only 16% in Tsatsayaku, whose producers relied more on off-farm activities and livestock. The integration of SLF and SAFA methodologies offered a nuanced understanding of sustainability, highlighting the importance of governance, financial strategies, and environmental conservation in promoting resilience. Policies should prioritize participatory governance, market transparency, and credit access to address disparities and strengthen sustainability. These findings underscore the critical role of the Amazonian Chakra as a sustainable agroforestry system, providing economic and cultural benefits, while emphasizing the need for tailored interventions to enhance the sustainability of Amazonian producer associations.

Impact of Pay-What-You-Want Pricing Model

Study investigates the effectiveness of Pay-What-You-Want (PWYW) pricing models in the nonprofit performing arts sector, focusing on Toronto’s Harbourfront Centre during the COVID-19 pandemic. Through methods involving quantitative ticket sales data and qualitative insights from management, this research assesses how PWYW affects audience behavior, revenue, and accessibility. Results indicate that PWYW can enhance audience inclusivity, notably by attracting a broader geographic distribution of attendees, though shifts in demographic diversity were less pronounced. Analysis of repeat customers reveals increased financial contributions under PWYW, suggesting the model’s potential for leveraging loyal patron support. The study provides strategic implications for arts organizations, emphasizing the need for comprehensive audience analysis and targeted marketing to maximize PWYW’s accessibility and sustainability goals. Findings contribute to the literature on alternative pricing in arts management, highlighting PWYW’s viability as a tool for democratizing access while maintaining financial resilience post-pandemic.

Diversity of thought as ‘mission critical’: Knowledge, politics and power in UK national security policymaking

The idea that diversity and inclusion in policymaking institutions is a national security imperative because it enhances ‘diversity of thought’ has proliferated among policymakers in recent years. Building on critical, feminist and postcolonial scholarship arguing that constructions of gender, race and class undergird hegemonic militaristic and colonial approaches to security, this article analyses how the discourse on diversity of thought occasionally challenges, but more often reinforces these hegemonic approaches. Based on interviews with UK civil servants, the article explores how this discourse, and consequent measures to promote diversity of thought by creating a more diverse and inclusive workplace, have developed in the UK national security community, analysing how officials interpret the relationship between demographic diversity and knowledge production. Using feminist epistemologies as a heuristic, the article argues that although some officials view this agenda as a means to challenge militaristic thinking, the commonplace exclusion of structural power analysis places hard constraints on its ability to achieve this end and has enabled its recuperation by far-right anti-equality agendas. Ultimately, the politics of diversity are insufficient to overcome UK national security institutions’ commitment to militarism, which demands attention to the material structures that make militaristic approaches to security appear necessary.

Contested Frontiers: Borders and Border Spaces in the South Caucasus from the Second Half of the 19th Century to the 1920s

A closer look at the 19th century ethnographic maps of the Caucasus reveals the demographic diversity of the region at the crossroads of three empires: the Persian, the Ottoman, and the Russian. To consolidate their power in this peripheral region, these empires, and later the Soviet authorities, experimented with various scenarios of resettlement, making the region an imperial “laboratory” with massive border shifts. This article discusses the processes of border development in the South Caucasus, beginning with the integration of this region into the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th century and continuing until Sovietization in the early 1920s. During this period, the borders in this region were particularly characterized by constant discourses, territorial claims, identity struggles, and ethnic divisions. The article considers the emergence and function of borders and border spaces from the perspective of their temporal evolution and analyses their mutability over time in an era marked by wars, revolutions, conflicts, and political upheavals. The aim is to provide a better understanding of why borders, whose meaning had diminished almost to insignificance during the Soviet period, became subjects of conflict again, turning them into sites of unpredictable aggression. Keywords: Armenia; Azerbaijan; war; contested borders; conflict; territoriality.

Heuristics Identified in Health Data-Sharing Preferences of Patients With Cancer: Qualitative Focus Group Study.

Evaluating precision oncology outcomes requires access to real-world and clinical trial data. Access is based on consent, and consent is based on patients' informed preferences when deciding to share their data. Decision-making is often modeled using utility theory, but a complex decision context calls for a consideration of how heuristic, intuitive thought processes interact with rational utility maximization. Data-sharing decision-making has been studied using heuristic theory, but almost no heuristic research exists in the health data context. This study explores this evidence gap, applying a qualitative approach to probe for evidence of heuristic mechanisms behind the health data-sharing preferences of those who have experienced cancer. Exploring qualitative decision-making reveals the types of heuristics used and how they are related to the process of decision-making to better understand whether consent mechanisms should consider nonrational processes to better serve patient decision-making. This study aimed to explore how patients with cancer use heuristics when deciding whether to share their data for research. The researchers conducted a focus group study of Canadians who have experienced cancer. We recruited participants through an online advertisement, screening individuals based on their ability to increase demographic diversity in the sample. We reviewed the literature on data-sharing platforms to develop a semistructured topic guide on concerns about data sharing, incentives to share, and consent and control. Focus group facilitators led the open-ended discussions about data-sharing preferences that revealed underlying heuristics. Two qualitative analysts coded transcripts using a heuristic framework developed from a review of the literature. Transcripts were analyzed for heuristic instances which were grouped according to sociocultural categories. Using thematic analysis, the analysts generated reflexive themes through norming sessions and consultations. A total of 3 focus groups were held with 19 participants in total. The analysis identified 12 heuristics underlying intentions to share data. From the thematic analysis, we identified how the heuristics of social norms and community building were expressed through altruism; the recognition, reputation, and authority heuristics led to (dis)trust in certain institutions; the need for security prompted the illusion of control and transparency heuristics; and the availability and affect heuristics influenced attitudes around risk and benefit. These thematic relationships all had impacts on the participants' intentions to share their health data. The findings provide a novel qualitative understanding of how health data-sharing decisions and preferences may be based on heuristic processing. As patients consider the extent of risks and benefits, heuristic processes influence their assessment of anticipated outcomes, which may not result in rational, truly informed consent. This study shows how considering heuristic processing when designing current consent mechanisms opens up the opportunity for more meaningful and realistic interactions with the complex decision-making context.

114 billboards in the City of Wyndham: selling the contemporary Australian suburban housing dream

The study examines the critical, but frequently overlooked, role of real estate intermediation in responding to demographic diversity within the organised production of Melbourne’s growth area suburbs. We examined 114 on-site billboards and 38 active residential development sites in the City of Wyndham, one of the most rapidly expanding suburban municipalities in Australia. Our findings underscore the ways real estate intermediation enchants an imagined suburban lifestyle through systematic marketing of community, amenity, and place. In-situ billboards serve as ‘technologies of enchantment’, promoting an Australian housing dream that is less closely associated with individual housing units, but obscures much of the poor social, environmental, and housing outcomes of suburbanisation. Instead, suburbs are presented as a blank canvas for new migrant homebuyers to exercise agency in consuming culture and building community. The study thus highlights the crucial role real estate intermediation plays in the production of future ethnoburbs in the urban fringes. We call for critical scrutiny of the specific use of visual resources that normalise suburban sprawl and substandard housing production by ingraining specific lifestyle imaginations in the Australian public psyche.

Does board demographic diversity constrain related party transactions? Evidence from India

Does board demographic diversity constrain related party transactions? Evidence from India

COTTON FARMERS' PERCEIVED RISK AND INCOME VARIABILITY AFFECTED BY COMMODITY DERIVATIVE MARKETS: A CASE STUDY ON ODISHA (INDIA)

Agricultural production, particularly cotton farming, is highly vulnerable to fluctuating commodity prices and unpredictable weather, making risk mitigation crucial for sustainability and profitability. Cotton growers face market volatility and climate challenges that impact yields and income. Previous studies, such as Sharma &amp; Bhushan (2019), highlighted the correlation between market instability and income fluctuation for smallholder cotton farmers, emphasizing improved risk management strategies. The quantitative study used data from 1000 cotton farmers from Odisha (India), selected via stratified random sampling to capture demographic diversity. A structured questionnaire was employed to gather information on key variables, with electronic distribution increasing accessibility. While the research provides. valuable insights, its cross-sectional design limits causal conclusions, and reliance on self-reported information may introduce bias and utilize SPSS to perform structural equation modeling (SEM) to understand the relationships between farmers' perceived risk, income variability, and the use of commodity derivatives. The result shows the negligible effect of commodity derivatives on the revenue stability of cotton growers, except for input costs. The varied risk assessments of farmers indicate that essential financial aspects are overlooked.

“To protect and serve” … and rule: constitutional sheriffs and the emergence of far-right extremism within local politics

ABSTRACT This paper explores the emergence of far-right extremism within local political institutions in the United States. Building on theories of intergroup contact and group threat, I hypothesize a set of community socio-demographic conditions which may foster public support for far-right extremism, and test these using a database of county sheriffs who aligned themselves with the constitutional sheriff movement – a movement closely tied to white nationalism – between 2012 and 2022. Findings offer support for both contact and threat dynamics; however, which relationship prevails depends on a novel optimal contact condition, where the likelihood of a constitutional sheriff is highest at particular levels of demographic diversity. Additionally, results indicate threat dynamics sourced from economic status, but opportunities for positive outgroup interactions and faster demographic diversification appear to build resilience against extremism. Notably, all identified associations are driven by racial rather than nativity-based dynamics, which I suggest is likely due to the nationalization of anti-immigrant narratives inducing perceived, over experiential, threats. These findings have important implications for understanding the local dynamics of far-right extremism and the infiltration of fringe ideologies into political institutions.

Creating an Empirical Dermatology Dataset Through Crowdsourcing With Web Search Advertisements

Health datasets from clinical sources do not reflect the breadth and diversity of disease, impacting research, medical education, and artificial intelligence tool development. Assessments of novel crowdsourcing methods to create health datasets are needed. To evaluate if web search advertisements (ads) are effective at creating a diverse and representative dermatology image dataset. This prospective observational survey study, conducted from March to November 2023, used Google Search ads to invite internet users in the US to contribute images of dermatology conditions with demographic and symptom information to the Skin Condition Image Network (SCIN) open access dataset. Ads were displayed against dermatology-related search queries on mobile devices, inviting contributions from adults after a digital informed consent process. Contributions were filtered for image safety and measures were taken to protect privacy. Data analysis occurred January to February 2024. Dermatologist condition labels as well as estimated Fitzpatrick Skin Type (eFST) and estimated Monk Skin Tone (eMST) labels. The primary metrics of interest were the number, quality, demographic diversity, and distribution of clinical conditions in the crowdsourced contributions. Spearman rank order correlation was used for all correlation analyses, and the χ2 test was used to analyze differences between SCIN contributor demographics and the US census. In total, 5749 submissions were received, with a median of 22 (14-30) per day. Of these, 5631 (97.9%) were genuine images of dermatological conditions. Among contributors with self-reported demographic information, female contributors (1732 of 2596 contributors [66.7%]) and younger contributors (1329 of 2556 contributors [52.0%] aged <40 years) had a higher representation in the dataset compared with the US population. Of 2614 contributors who reported race and ethnicity, 852 (32.6%) reported a racial or ethnic identity other than White. Dermatologist confidence in assigning a differential diagnosis increased with the number of self-reported demographic and skin-condition-related variables (Spearman R = 0.1537; P < .001). Of 4019 contributions reporting duration since onset, 2170 (54.0%) reported onset within less than 7 days of submission. Of the 2835 contributions that could be assigned a dermatological differential diagnosis, 2523 (89.0%) were allergic, infectious, or inflammatory conditions. eFST and eMST distributions reflected the geographical origin of the dataset. The findings of this survey study suggest that search ads are effective at crowdsourcing dermatology images and could therefore be a useful method to create health datasets. The SCIN dataset bridges important gaps in the availability of images of common, short-duration skin conditions.