Diverse Viewpoints Research Articles

Battery technology and sustainable energy storage and conversion as a new energy resource replacing fossil fuels

One of the greatest challenges facing our world today is climate change, brought about by the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere in large part due to the massive use of fossil fuels to satisfy our society's ever-increasing energy demands. The transition to clean energy resources requires the development of new, efficient, and sustainable technologies for energy conversion and storage. Several low carbon energy resources will contribute to tomorrow's energy supply landscape, including solar, wind, and tidal power, yet rechargeable batteries will likely remain the dominant technology for storing this energy and using it in an economic and efficient manner for decades to come. For instance, the gradual replacement of internal combustion engine vehicles powered by petroleum or diesel by electric vehicles and photovoltaic power charging stations is one way we can lessen our reliance on fossil fuels. Improving the performance of energy storage and conversion devices toward higher energy and power density, and greater efficiency, durability, and safety, hinges on the development of new materials and processes, specifically, on tuning the properties of the component materials by modulating their crystal structure and microstructure, and on optimizing materials processing and device assembly protocols. Today, there is a clear need for a dedicated publication platform to cover high-impact and multidisciplinary scientific contributions that will pave the way to the next generation of energy conversion and storage devices. We expect this journal to grow in the coming years, as part of the fourth industrial revolution featuring the efficient use of renewable energies, in addition to navigating a digital world and accelerated by the current pandemic. Battery Energy is co-published by Wiley and Xijing University, China. Battery Energy covers diverse scientific topics related to the development of high-performance energy conversion/storage devices, including the physical and chemical properties of component materials, and device-level electrochemical properties. Battery Energy is a high-quality, interdisciplinary, and rapid-publication journal aimed at disseminating scholarly work on a wide range of topics from different disciplines that share a focus on advanced energy materials, with an emphasis on batteries, energy storage and conversion more broadly, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, photoelectrocatalysis, heterocatalysis, and so on. The journal features cutting-edge research covering many forms of electrochemical and photochemical energy, including battery processes, and spanning from conventional electrical energy to the type that catalyzes chemical and biological transformations. This journal is also interested in work that prompts new technologies and processes leading to the green production of battery materials. Upcoming issues of Battery Energy will be composed of research papers, review articles, editorials, and research highlights. We recommend contributors to read through the authors' guidelines (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/page/journal/27681696/homepage/author-guidelines). This journal adopts an open-access publishing model, and so all published articles are freely accessed through the Wiley Online Library. The editorial team of Battery Energy is composed of world-renowned scientists in the field of energy materials. The Editor-in-Chief is Prof. Yong-Mook Kang from Korea University, Republic of Korea, who has been tackling various important issues for battery technologies. Prof. Anmin Cao (Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China), Prof. Raphaële Clément (University of California, Santa Barbara, USA), Prof. Shu-Lei Chou (Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China), Prof. Sang-Young Lee (Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea), Prof. Zongcheng Miao (Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China) are all invested in the successful launch of the journal and in ensuring the publication of research works of the highest quality in Battery Energy. The editorial board is composed of prominent scientists from academia and industry, to consolidate the ties between fundamental understanding and large-scale implementation of energy devices within this journal. We firmly believe that our diverse insights and viewpoints will provide our authors and reviewers a smooth peer review and publication processes. Yong-Mook Kang (Editor-in-Chief) Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Anmin Cao (Associate Editor) Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. Raphaële Clément (Associate Editor) University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, USA. Shu-Lei Chou (Associate Editor) Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China. Sang-Young Lee (Associate Editor) Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Zongcheng Miao (Associate Editor) Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.

A Comprehensive Survey on Cooperative Intersection Management for Heterogeneous Connected Vehicles

Nowadays, with the advancement of technology, world is trending toward high mobility and dynamics. In this context, intersection management (IM) as one of the most crucial elements of the transportation sector demands high attention. Today, road entities including infrastructures, vulnerable road users (VRUs) such as motorcycles, moped, scooters, pedestrians, bicycles, and other types of vehicles such as trucks, buses, cars, emergency vehicles, and railway vehicles like trains or trams are able to communicate cooperatively using vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications and provide traffic safety, efficiency, infotainment and ecological improvements. In this paper, we take into account different types of intersections in terms of signalized, semi-autonomous (hybrid) and autonomous intersections and conduct a comprehensive survey on various intersection management methods for heterogeneous connected vehicles (CVs). We consider heterogeneous classes of vehicles such as road and rail vehicles as well as VRUs including bicycles, scooters and motorcycles. All kinds of intersection goals, modeling, coordination architectures, scheduling policies are thoroughly discussed. Signalized and semi-autonomous intersections are assessed with respect to these parameters. We especially focus on autonomous intersection management (AIM) and categorize this section based on four major goals involving safety, efficiency, infotainment and environment. Each intersection goal provides an in-depth investigation on the corresponding literature from the aforementioned perspectives. Moreover, robustness and resiliency of IM are explored from diverse points of view encompassing sensors, information management and sharing, planning universal scheme, heterogeneous collaboration, vehicle classification, quality measurement, external factors, intersection types, localization faults, communication anomalies and channel optimization, synchronization, vehicle dynamics and model mismatch, model uncertainties, recovery, security and privacy.

Evaluation of the perception of single-visit root canal treatment and the reasons for taking the decision among the dental practitioners

Introduction: Even though the idea and technology behind doing root canal treatment (RCT) in a single appointment is not new, the majority of the currently approved methods focus on multivisit systems. A tooth’s root canals can be instrumented, cleaned, and sealed all in a single appointment with one-visit root canal therapy. The length of time a patient must visit an endodontist in order to finish a root canal procedure is a hotly contested topic in the field of endodontics. When it comes to this topic, people have a lot of diverse points of view. Objective: The purpose of this research was to learn how and why dentists decide to do root canals in a single appointment. Materials and Methods: After reaching out to all 200 dentists on file at the practice, we were able to secure the participation of 150 dentists, who were then sent a questionnaire to fill out in their own time. Economic and social factors, current therapeutic cycles, rationales, and proactive dispositions were also taken into account. Results: Majority of pulp vitality was cited as the primary reason for opting for the one-visit RCT by 65% of dentists, with patient preference accounting for 25%, patent and normal roots accounting for 5%, a non-vital tooth with a sinus for 3%, and other reasons accounting for 2%. When pulp vitality is not at risk, more dentists opt for a single-visit root canal procedure.

Implementing a combined instruction model on pregnancy options counseling for pre-clinical medical students: Expert physician panel, case-based learning, and pre-recorded lectures

Introduction: The Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics (APGO) recommends that pre-clinical medical students learn how to counsel on pregnancy options as a standard learning topic during undergraduate medical curriculum. Materials and Methods: Second-year medical students viewed pre-recorded lectures and attended a panel on pregnancy options counseling covering adoption, abortion, and pregnancy continuation. Students were then surveyed about their experiences. Results: Participants (n = 57) were primarily female (74%), non-Hispanic (89%), and Caucasian (77%). Students determined that most (80–100%) of the APGO Student Learning Objectives were adequately covered by the panel and pre-recorded lectures. Students reported on a 5-point Likert-type scale a statistically significant increase (P < 0.0001) in their perceived preparedness to counsel across each pregnancy option category: abortion (2.17 ± 0.94 before vs. 3.5 ± 0.94 after), adoption (1.81 ± 0.86 before vs. 2.56 ± 1.04 after), and continuation of pregnancy (2.52 ± 1 before vs. 3.38 ± 0.95 after). Eighty-seven percent of the respondents felt that the panel was inclusive of diverse viewpoints. Discussion: Students appreciated the pre-recorded lectures and case-based panel as providing important exposure to pregnancy options counseling. Students noted a significantly increased preparedness to counsel a newly diagnosed pregnant patient on abortion, adoption, and pregnancy continuation, most notably with abortion counseling. The overwhelmingly positive reception of the panel highlights the desire of medical students to learn about these issues. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the efficacy of combined instruction modalities, including traditional didactics, case-based learning, and an expert provider panel, in educating students on pregnancy options counseling.

Dignity and worth for all: identifying shared values between social work and Christian faith-based groups’ anti-sex trafficking discourse

ABSTRACT Faith-based organizations are important partners in anti-trafficking efforts due to their familiarity with local threats and commitment to safeguarding their communities. However, differences in values and beliefs can create challenges for collaborations between faith-based organizations, social work, and other sectors. This study used a culturally sensitive qualitative inquiry of Christian anti-sex-trafficking discourse through dialogue with faith leaders, in order to uncover shared values between Christian anti-sex trafficking and social work as a foundation for ethical collaboration, and to identify areas of differences where further dialogue is necessary to promote respect for diverse viewpoints and to advocate for sex trafficking survivors.

Exploring the perspectives of medical students on application of e-learning in medical education during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The use of e-learning has become mandatory during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there are many barriers to applying e-learning in medical education. This study aimed to explore medical students' perspectives on the application of e-learning in medical education during the COVID-19 pandemic. This Q-methodology explorative study was conducted in Kurdistan Region of Iraq. A sample of 37 medical students was purposively selected to represent different characteristics. The students distributed 37 statements representing different aspects of e-learning in medical education into a nine-point scoring grid from "least agree" to "most agree." Data analysis revealed three distinct viewpoints. The first viewpoint, complete dependence on e-learning, emphasized a preference for e-learning to continue medical education and complete the study year with a minimal return to study halls or practical/clinical sessions. The second viewpoint, opponents of applying e-learning in medical education, included a generally negative view about e-learning and its role in medical education during the COVID-19 pandemic. The third viewpoint, e-learning as a supplement to medical education, emphasized a generally positive view about e-learning and considered it a supplement to the theoretical parts of medical education during the pandemic. The three diverse viewpoints are primarily distinguished by the availability of e-learning experience and skills, availability of technology, risk perception of COVID-19, and the need for in-hospital clinical teaching. Provision of necessary facilities and training is required to strengthen the role of e-learning in medical education. A safe environment is needed for on-campus or hospital clinical teaching.

Climate change and COP26: Are digital technologies and information management part of the problem or the solution? An editorial reflection and call to action

The UN COP26 2021 conference on climate change offers the chance for world leaders to take action and make urgent and meaningful commitments to reducing emissions and limit global temperatures to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels by 2050. Whilst the political aspects and subsequent ramifications of these fundamental and critical decisions cannot be underestimated, there exists a technical perspective where digital and IS technology has a role to play in the monitoring of potential solutions, but also an integral element of climate change solutions. We explore these aspects in this editorial article, offering a comprehensive opinion based insight to a multitude of diverse viewpoints that look at the many challenges through a technology lens. It is widely recognized that technology in all its forms, is an important and integral element of the solution, but industry and wider society also view technology as being part of the problem. Increasingly, researchers are referencing the importance of responsible digitalization to eliminate the significant levels of e-waste. The reality is that technology is an integral component of the global efforts to get to net zero, however, its adoption requires pragmatic tradeoffs as we transition from current behaviors to a more climate friendly society.

Next Steps: Advocating for Women in Orthopaedic Surgery.

Orthopaedic surgery is the least diverse of all medical specialties, by both sex and race. Diversity among orthopaedic trainees is the lowest in medicine, and growth in percentage representation is the lowest of all surgical subspecialties. Women comprise only 6% of orthopaedic surgeons and 16% of orthopaedic surgery trainees. This extreme lack of diversity in orthopaedics limits creative problem-solving and the potential of our profession. Women in orthopaedics encounter sexual harassment, overt discrimination, and implicit bias, which create barriers to training, career satisfaction, and success. Women are underrepresented in leadership positions, perpetuating the lack of diversity through poor visibility to potential candidates, which impedes recruitment. Correction will require a concerted effort, as acknowledged by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons leadership who included a goal and plan to increase diversity in the 2019 to 2023 Strategic Plan. Recommended initiatives include support for pipeline programs that increase diversity of the candidate pool; sexual harassment and implicit bias acknowledgement, education, and corrective action; and the active sponsorship of qualified, capable women by organizational leaders. To follow, women will lend insight from their diverse viewpoints to research questions, practice problems, and clinical conundrums of our specialty, augmenting the profession and improving patient outcomes.

The Trauma of Disregard

The Trauma of Disregard

Flow: an exploration of the mindsets and behaviours of designers in their creative ecosystem

How Designers transcend the barriers to creativity to achieve an ideal state of flow during their creative process? Tracing parallels between Design education and industry-based practice, Flow is an article that explores the mindsets and behaviours of Designers in their ecosystems and the challenges surrounding them. The exploratory journey advanced in the manuscript is based on foundational art essays blended with different points of view from traditional designers and Positive Psychology concepts. Aditionally, it builds on the author’s previous research developed on Flow and aimed to challenge paradigms and contrast core design principles and philosophies. Its purpose is to better understand what are the tensions between the different creative processes like the individual spark of creativity, the playful serendipity, the inventor’s light bulb, the apprentice master craftsmanship model and other contemporary methodologies such as Design Thinking and Agile. Nevertheless, it inspect how all of these approaches relates to the context of the designers’ ecosystem and the challenges they face when designing. As a piece of research, Flow does not offer final crystalised answers or solutions yet instead poses critical questions and offers an open dialogue with diverse points of view.

Debating the Two-child Policy on Sina Weibo: A Study of Social Media as Symbolic Space in China

ABSTRACT The two-child policy profoundly impacted on many aspects of Chinese society, ranging from population structure to economic development. Social media served as a public symbolic space for diverse viewpoints on the issue. Situated in a revised public sphere framework, this study explores how the two-child policy was contended by various publics using a semantic network analysis of Sina Weibo posts. The results demonstrate relationships among the various publics comprising family members, gendered individuals, and multiple social institutions. Our findings have important implications for understanding reproduction, gender and social relations, and social media’s role as a symbolic space in contemporary China.

Beyond the margin: a (critical) qualitative study of people of color in intercollegiate forensics

As the communication discipline continues to grapple with issues pertaining to identity, representation, and equity, it is pivotal that such conversations take place in the domain of intercollegiate forensics as well. While some national organizations have begun to more seriously address the process of improving inclusivity outcomes, little research has been conducted on marginalized populations in the activity. Drawing on critical communication pedagogy, this qualitative study explores the experiences of people of color in competitive intercollegiate forensics. Interviews with people of color within the community reveal three major tensions that are being negotiated: voice ←→ constraint, belonging ←→ exclusion, and support ←→ burnout. Exploring these tensions provides a way of understanding how diverse viewpoints might better be supported in the activity.

Integrating Constructivist Learning Environments (CLEs) in Designing a Multimedia Learning Application for Cyber-Bullying Intervention

Constructivism is a learning theory that emphasizes learners’ intervention through self-guided exploration, reflection, and evaluation. This study discusses on the integration of the Constructivist Learning Environments (CLEs) in designing a multimedia learning application for cyber-bullying intervention among adolescents. The application has been evaluated using Alpha Testing and Beta Testing technique to ensure its quality. From this evaluation, the researcher was also able to identify weaknesses or problems associated with the usage of the application, from the viewpoint of the content and multimedia expert and also the target user group which are the adolescents. By integrating CLEs, it is expected that knowledge and awareness is constructed by the learners as they reconcile new information with past experiences, analyze various source materials, and work collaboratively with others. As CLEs stimulates active learning, it is hoped that leaners will develop advanced skills such as critical thinking, analysis, evaluation, and creation. As CLEs promotes diverse viewpoints, it encourages students to reflect, evaluate their work, and identify intermediary skills to acquire based on their needs. It is also expected that the development of the multimedia app in this study will contributed to an increase in the number of computer-based applications intended to expose adolescents to the issue of cyber-bullying, which is still under-developed, particularly in the context of adolescents in Malaysia.

Bridge the Partisan Divide and Develop Effective Policies with Systems Engineering

ABSTRACTThe United States is a divided country. This is sometimes a strength when we consider diverse viewpoints before deciding. However, it is often a weakness, when hyper‐partisan politics divides us and prevents us from addressing serious problems. In this article I discuss how lawmakers and policymakers can use systems engineering to bridge the partisan divide and develop practical, nonpartisan solutions for complex societal problems. First, I describe a simple six‐step systems engineering process for optimizing social, economic, and political systems. Second, I illustrate this process with two examples: (1) development of a nonpartisan tax reform proposal that balances the federal budget and addresses key societal problems without increasing the economic burden on taxpayers and (2) development of a nonpartisan plan for the United States to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and address other urgent problems. Third, I discuss how lawmakers and policymakers can incorporate systems engineering into the lawmaking process. Although this article uses the United States as an example, many of the ideas presented here also apply to other countries.

Encouraging Reading of Diverse Political Viewpoints with a Browser Widget

The Internet gives individuals more choice in political news and information sources and more tools to filter out disagreeable information. Citing the preference described by selective exposure theory — people prefer information that supports their beliefs and avoid counter-attitudinal information — observers warn that people may use these tools to access only agreeable information and thus live in ideological echo chambers. We report on a field deployment of a browser extension that showed users feedback about the political lean of their weekly and all time reading behaviors. Compared to a control group, showing feedback led to a modest move toward balanced exposure, corresponding to 1-2 visits per week to ideologically opposing sites or 5-10 additional visits per week to centrist sites.

Realisme Hukum: Peradilan Adat dalam Perspektif Keadilan Sosial

Aspects of positivism with its normative approach are often taught in various law schools as a single perspective. The study of law can be based on legal realism. Nevertheless, there is still a debate about legal realism's working pattern and contribution to juridical science. This study that introduced legal realism worked with socio-legal method based on the literature review. It aimed to elaborate on the concept of legal-realism as an epistemology of the socio-legal school, which leads to the conception of customary law and legal anthropology. With a naturalistic approach and supported by theories of customary law and legal anthropology. This study showed that legal realism as a school in philosophy and juridical studies based on empirical studies need to be developed. It referred to legal realism conceptualized in Scandinavia and America that was suitable to Indonesia's legal context, especially customary law as the law that lives in society. Therefore, the law that lives in society is strengthened through verdict and law enforcement officers as symbols of the state. It suggested that legal realism is also taught in law schools at universities, so that legal academics have diverse points of view, both in the legal discipline and as a research method.&#x0D; KEYWORDS: Customary Law, Socio-Legal, Social Justice, Legal Realism.

Humility in novice leaders: links to servant leadership and followers’ satisfaction with leadership

ABSTRACT Across two studies, we investigated connections between leader humility, servant leadership, and follower satisfaction. Leaders were resident and spiritual life advisors in on-campus housing at a university. In Study 1, we assessed leaders’ self-reported expressed humility, intellectual humility, and servant leadership at three times across six months. Leader humility did not change across time, but aspects of both forms of leader humility were positively associated with servant leadership. In Study 2, leaders were rated by their followers. Leaders reporting more respect for diverse viewpoints, a characteristic of intellectual humility, had followers who were more satisfied with their leaders’ interpersonal leadership and justice orientation. This research suggest potential benefits to cultivating humility among novice leaders in some contexts.

Requirement prioritization framework using case‐based reasoning: A mining‐based approach

AbstractIn the current era of technology and development, component‐based software development (CBSD) has been progressively implemented. Components are used in large products for multiple users with diverse viewpoints and are highly configurable to provide higher satisfaction. Components are reused because of their similar functionality to reduce complexity and ensure the correct interaction between interfaces during product development. However, implementation of component functionalities creates complications due to improper specification, prioritization of components requirements, encapsulated functionalities, and more human interaction. Furthermore, due to configurability and the involvement of multiple stakeholders, ambiguity and semantic issues arise in the behaviour of reusable components. To overcome semantic‐based specification and prioritization components' related issues, we propose a framework that uses text mining and case‐based reasoning (CBR) techniques. Results of our empirical evaluation demonstrate that the proposed framework significantly outperforms the conventional technique.

Digital maturity levels of an industrial enterprise

Diverse viewpoints on the concept of digital maturity and digital transformation impede the assessment of the current state of affairs with the introduction of digital technologies and planning of this process. The research aims to develop the concept of digital maturity of an industrial enterprise as an inherent part of the digital transformation. In terms of theory and methodology, the research relies on the principal-agent theory, theory of entrepreneurship, and the Capability Maturity Model; applies the methods of expert interview, generalisation, hypothetical deductive and inductive methods of generating knowledge in the new field. The authors develop a six-level typology of digital maturity and define the essence of digital transformation. According to them, it is the replacement of humans and analogue machines with digital technologies. The researchers articulate their vision of the roles of an entrepreneur, manager, and performer in the process of digital transformation, which allows settling the controversy in the relationships between principal and agent related to the accessibility of information about the processes run by an agent on the principal’s instructions. The results of the research may be of use while designing practical tools for assessing digital maturity levels and developing mechanisms for digital transformation of industrial enterprises.

“Very Fine People on Both Sides:” Diverse Viewpoints, Truth, and Free Speech on Campus

Reflecting a larger context of profound political polarization, controversies and protests around campus speakers have exposed deep social fractures, highlighting an important normative question for campus leaders and educators: how should we make decisions about what views are reasonable and thus merit debate on campus? Although it may be received wisdom that institutions of higher learning in a democratic society are obligated to provide forums for the unfettered, open exchange of ideas, that sense is built on the assumption that the ideas put forward for consideration are reasonable and defensible. Should any and all perspectives always be up for debate? Must campus communities provide forums for viewpoints that democratic societies regard as patently untrue or beyond the pale of what is right and good? In this article, I make the case that, because their missions center discovery and knowledge production, grounded in academic freedom, colleges and universities are far from spaces where anything goes. Valuing free speech does not have to come at the expense of students’ and faculty members’ pursuit of knowledge and truth, a (some might say the) fundamental mission of higher education. Campus speech controversies are not only—or even primarily—about free speech, I argue, but about knowledge and truth.