Variety Of Issues Research Articles

Global Social Movements (GSMs) and Non-Governmental Organizations: Investigating the Impact on Global Social Change

Global Social Movements (GSMs) have become integral to the study of Sociology and International Politics, reflecting the interconnectedness of global communities on diverse issues. Orchestrated by NGOs and INGOs, GSMs encompass environmental, women’s, human rights, racial, fair trade, and refugee movements, among others, reflecting the breadth of global concerns. However, challenges arise from political affiliations between civil society members and state authorities, as well as pressures from donor countries and ruling elites in economically disadvantaged nations. This study, employing content analysis methodology, aims to delineate the causes of GSMs, investigate the roles of INGOs and civil society, and explore the interplay between GSMs and global governance. Through critical analysis, it provides insights and recommendations to enhance the effectiveness and inclusivity of GSMs in addressing global challenges, thus contributing to the advancement of global democracy and governance structures.

Making a Case for Hypnosis: Using the RE-AIM Framework to Recognize Hypnosis as a Stand-Alone Therapeutic Intervention within Healthcare and Educational Systems

Hypnosis is emerging as a valuable therapeutic tool with significant potential for recognition and application across medical settings. Of particular note are the evidenced benefits when addressing pervasive challenges such as chronic pain, anxiety, and emotional distress, which are often exacerbated by medical procedures. However, despite its potential for wide utilization in medical contexts, recognition of hypnotherapy's efficacy remains slow and hypnosis is often a second choice, last resort or offered as an adjuvant or supporting role alongside other treatments. One reason is that hypnosis lacks a well-defined role within the healthcare system. This gap persists even as mounting evidence suggests that hypnosis offers the capacity to bring about relief and positive outcomes across diverse issues and populations. Author Sheila Menon, Principal and Administrator of a clinical hypnosis Training and Clinical Facility draws upon extensive experience in clinical intervention and administration to extract scientific values from empirically driven experiences and data. In this paper the RE-AIM Framework is utilised to explore the multifaceted potential of hypnosis in medical settings, shedding light on the need for a more clearly defined integration of this intervention into mainstream healthcare practices. The authors draw from the evidence to make a case that the time is right to recognise hypnosis as a stand-alone psychotherapy and that this will enhance its adoption, reach and efficacy. It is further suggested that rebranding or relabeling this intervention will remove unnecessary biases and make it easier to implement and maintain for the benefit of patients and to improve treatment outcomes. Purpose: the purpose of this study is to use the RE-AIM Framework to evaluate the existing research that consistently provides evidence for better inclusion of hypnosis and to identify new insights into how this useful treatment can be more easily adopted and utilized in the healthcare system based on its interventional strength. Methodology: This is a descriptive study based on secondary data collected from literature following a descriptive analysis. The RE-AIM Framework is used as a mechanism for evaluating hypnosis interventions and to establish a rationale for relabeling them as psychotherapy based on treatment outcomes, interventional strengths and its operative usage in the healthcare system The literature search extracts information from the electronic database to make the study more robust and the literature selected is drawn from those published in the past two decades using keywords such as hypnosis intervention, RE-AIM, hypnosis in health care, mental health, and hypnosis interventions in a medical setup. Conclusion: This study uses the RE-AIM to present a case for relabeling or rebranding hypnosis as a psychotherapy in its own right to enhance its adoption and reach within a wide range of healthcare settings. The research supports the interventional strength of hypnosis as ready for this form of evolution and suggests that the rebranding will encourage healthcare providers to use hypnosis as a primary treatment option rather than as an adjuvant or secondary treatment option. Best care practices will be advanced as a result and better adoption of hypnosis will encourage more research leading to enhanced efficacy and resulting in improved implementation models. The authors suggest that once hypnosis is relabeled as psychotherapy, its implementation becomes simple and cost-effective. The authors recommend rebranding hypnotherapy as Conscious–State Alteration Therapy to remove any residual biases associated with the name hypnosis (and to avoid the outdated practice of using it as a supporting therapy). They suggest that this process of rebranding follows the evolutionary wave that can occur within psychotherapy progression. The benefit is that the potential of hypnosis as a treatment option will be further extended into healthcare settings extending its use in the treatment of pain management, anxiety, stress, and emotional distress, expanding the benefits to a wider and more diverse group of patients and giving hypnosis a rightful place as a primary treatment option.

Optimum Design on Integration Biogas into Fuel Cell System in Malaysia: Economic and Environmental Aspect

Transition to renewable energy in electricity generation need a serious study in variety of issues. Environment and economic perspective become the vital issue that need to study in local condition for penetration new concept of energy resources. Feeding a biogas into the fuel cell system seems an attractive way to less dependent on fossil fuel-based electricity generation. This study aims to optimize the plant location based on two aspect environment and economic. Capacitated Plant Location Model (CAPLOC MODEL) were used in determine the optimized location of the plant. The optimum design of power plant in Sarawak solely generated 847.91 MW and Pahang about 604.26 MW. Hopefully, the outcome of the study can provide the information for stakeholder in choosing the location for future energy system in Malaysia.

The Two Philosophical Thoughts of Pluralism – Hegel and Wittgenstein's Reflections on Pluralism

In this paper, there are two philosophical schemes for understanding pluralistic thinking, Hegel's philosophical scheme for reconciling monism and plurality within reason, and Wittgenstein's pluralistic thinking based on decoupling and splitting of certainty and knowledge beyond the bounds of reason. Both paths have their advantages and disadvantages, so a path of prudential reflection could be given. The research method of this paper is based on the discussion of the history of philosophy, the inner logical thinking of philosophy, and the discussions of the philosophies of Hegel and Wittgenstein. It outlines that the conflict between reason and will is the core of understanding the issue of diversity. The research results demonstrate that the conflict between "Reason and Will", and the priority relationship between the two, constitute two paradigms for discussing diversity, and further argue that the conflict between individuals and communities is the practical condition of the diversity issue. Therefore, it advocates a new solution to the problem of diversity. The significance of this study is to achieve harmony between the community and the individual in a diverse world, while ensuring individual freedom. Metaphysics is indispensable to the discussion of Pluralism, without which we cannot provide a solid foundation for the discussion of Pluralism, so this paper attempts to seek some kind of new philosophical path from the comparative study of Wittgenstein's and Hegel's philosophies. Previous studies have neglected the philosophical effects of the conflict between "Reason and Will", which is the starting point of this study.

The Growth Opportunities for Nigeria in Joining the African Continental Free Trade Area.

This Article examines the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), focusing on its inception, goals, challenges, and specific implications for Nigeria. Africa, with abundant natural resources and cultural diversity, faces hindrances like poor infrastructure and governance, limiting intra-African trade. Established in 2018, AfCFTA aims to create a competitive single African market by eliminating tariffs and barriers. AfCFTA objectives span tariff elimination, customs harmonization, dispute resolution, and cooperation on technical barriers. Challenges include infrastructure gaps, non-tariff barriers, economic diversity, competition adjustments, informal trade, political instability, capacity constraints, and financing issues. Mitigating these requires strategies like infrastructure development, trade facilitation, capacity building, and harmonizing standards. Nigeria, as Africa's largest economy, could benefit from AfCFTA by accessing cheaper goods. However, implementation faces delays due to unmet trade requirements. The National Action Committee outlines pillars for effective implementation, emphasizing institutional development, export growth, improved trade facilitation, and infrastructure development. Despite Nigeria's delay, the upcoming Guided Trade Initiative in October 2023 is anticipated to accelerate its participation in AfCFTA, fostering economic growth and trade relations within the continent. Keywords: Global trade, globalization, AfCFTA, Trade Block, Commerce.

Duplex-Hierarchy Representation Learning for Remote Sensing Image Classification.

Remote sensing image classification (RSIC) is designed to assign specific semantic labels to aerial images, which is significant and fundamental in many applications. In recent years, substantial work has been conducted on RSIC with the help of deep learning models. Even though these models have greatly enhanced the performance of RSIC, the issues of diversity in the same class and similarity between different classes in remote sensing images remain huge challenges for RSIC. To solve these problems, a duplex-hierarchy representation learning (DHRL) method is proposed. The proposed DHRL method aims to explore duplex-hierarchy spaces, including a common space and a label space, to learn discriminative representations for RSIC. The proposed DHRL method consists of three main steps: First, paired images are fed to a pretrained ResNet network for extracting the corresponding features. Second, the extracted features are further explored and mapped into a common space for reducing the intra-class scatter and enlarging the inter-class separation. Third, the obtained representations are used to predict the categories of the input images, and the discrimination loss in the label space is minimized to further promote the learning of discriminative representations. Meanwhile, a confusion score is computed and added to the classification loss for guiding the discriminative representation learning via backpropagation. The comprehensive experimental results show that the proposed method is superior to the existing state-of-the-art methods on two challenging remote sensing image scene datasets, demonstrating that the proposed method is significantly effective.

A Multi-strategy Enhanced Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm and Its Application in Path Planning of Mobile Robots

A multi-strategy enhanced arithmetic optimization algorithm called MSEAOA is proposed to address the issues of low population diversity, imbalanced exploration and exploitation capabilities, and low accuracy of optimal solution in the Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm. Firstly, using the good point set strategy for population initialization to improve population diversity and thus accelerate convergence speed. Secondly, we integrate the exploration and exploition capabilities of differential self-learning strategy, best example learning strategy, and second-order differential perturbation strategy balancing algorithm. Finally, the introduction of somersault foraging strategy improves the accuracy of the optimal solution. We select 14 classical benchmark test functions and the CEC2019 function test set to test the optimization ability of MSEAOA, and apply MSEAOA to the path planning problem of mobile robots. MSEAOA is compared with other meta-heuristic optimization algorithms, and the experimental results are statistically analyzed by the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. The simulation experimental results show that MSEAOA performs the best among 14 benchmark functions, but for 10 CEC2019 functions, MSEAOA has the best optimization performance among 5 of them (50%). In the path optimization problem of mobile robots, the path obtained by MSEAOA is also the best among all algorithms, its path shortening rate exceeds 8.8% in 83% of environments. The results indicate that MSEAOA is a reliable algorithm suitable for function optimization and practical optimization problems.

Equal opportunity, implications in developing feeling of self-efficacy and implied learning motivation

The present study analyzes the need to adapt the teaching staff in the context of the decrease in motivation to study, noting the appearance of some changes also at the level of educational trends, which increasingly leave their mark on the establishment of long-term objectives in general, but especially on behavioral manifestations among students. The study highlights the fact that at the level of the European Union, there is the issue of diversity and especially of providing equal opportunities in terms of learning. Just as the language itself has undergone changes at the cultural level, so have the values, habits, learning styles acquired elasticity and change of meaning, psychoeducational programs representing a starting point for providing maximum support for development. The concept of learning has acquired nowadays other values for the student, especially thanks to the abundance of information facilitated by technology, as well as intrapersonal contact that has lost more and more ground recently, and also because there are a lot of programs that encourage self-knowledge and the development of certain skills that have lost their value - face to face communication, creativity, empathy, personal autonomy, all this representing maximum support for development and especially for creating a level of aspiration related to one’s own needs, as well as for the most important human need generally acknowledged- the need for learning.

Persona/scenario (P/S) toolkit enhancing inclusive fashion design education

This study aimed to address the diversity issue in fashion design education by developing two prototypes for Inclusive Fashion Design (IFD) education. The prototypes were constructed based on the 3C3R model of Project-Based Learning (PBL) and incorporated the Persona/Scenario (P/S) toolkit for IFD. Additionally, the study examined the effectiveness of the FEA (Function, Expressive, and Aesthetics) self-checklist and the P/S toolkit in the IFD process. The experiments involved two design instructors, two teaching assistants, and 12 senior-level students divided into four teams. Thematic analysis was conducted on the interview data collected from the participants. The results revealed that FEA factors were highly considered in both education prototypes, regardless of the presence of the P/S toolkit. Maintaining consistency of the IFD concept throughout each stage of the process was found to be crucial, and the use of the P/S toolkit played a significant role in achieving this consistency. Team communication emerged as an essential factor in IFD education, as team collaboration using the P/S toolkit triggered diverse perspectives on targets, facilitated design expansion, and extended individual competences. Overall, this study contributes to the understanding of the diversity issue in fashion design education and promotes the adoption of the IFD education methodology, emphasizing the significance of consistent concept development, effective toolkits, and team collaboration in achieving inclusive design practices.

Addressing cultural diversity in literature education through culturally relevant pedagogy (CRP)

With large-scale migration, nations, communities, and schools find themselves urgently needing to address issues of diversity. For literature education to be culturally responsive, which entails assisting students in navigating diversity and ambiguity, teachers and students need to recognise, utilise and respectfully query the diverse cultures they identify with, encounter or may encounter. To enable such education, I argue that inspiration can be taken from culturally relevant pedagogy (CRP). However, to recontextualise this American pedagogy in a Swedish setting, local contexts must be recognised, with three aspects in particular to be considered. Firstly, CRP focuses in part on race, and Sweden as a society likes to think of itself as ‘colorblind’, which can contribute to teachers feeling uncomfortable with dealing with issues related to race and diversity. Secondly, essentialist views of race and cultures must be avoided. Thirdly, teachers need to offer literature education which acknowledges how aesthetic aspects of literature can result in readers empathising with some people while distancing themselves from others. Literary features such as estrangement can also help us see what we take for granted and open our eyes to what we are blind to.

Diversity, Equity and Inclusion within the Missouri REALTORS®

In 2021, the Missouri REALTORS® organization took intentional steps toward improving and enhancing diversity and inclusion. These steps included forming a dedicated committee and holding a Diversity Summit. As a member of the organization who was also concerned with issues of diversity, equity, and inclusion, I was surprised to learn of ongoing issues of discrimination and unequal treatment within the larger housing industry. I wanted to know how individual members within the organization perceived the issues as well as the actions taken by the organization. What I found was a diversity of perspective, experience, and proposed solutions. In the midst of those differences, I regularly witnessed an ethical commitment to fairness and service to everyone in the community. If that commitment continues to undergird the organization collectively, as well as the individuals serving within it, then I am optimistic. Given the fundamental human need of a place to exist, I am hopeful commitment will characterize the journey.

Markovian Approach to Forecasting Personnel Populations and Costs

The Board of Education in New York City typically negotiated three-year contracts with their staff. It was found that costs over the three-year period invariably exceeded projections by 10%–20%. An analysis showed that although the number of employees was relatively constant, the distribution of employees with respect to salary levels had changed significantly. As a result, projections of salary costs were substantially understated. Over the course of the contract term, salaries increased due to longevity and additional employee education. Classic methods for forecasting costs include regression analyses, time series analysis, and simulation methods. Markov chains have also been used to project population changes over time. In this paper, we present a Markov chain model that was successfully used to forecast teacher populations as well as costs with much greater precision than had been possible previously. The model incorporated personnel as well as cost projections. For a given total salary budget, management was thus able to place salary increases in levels so as to keep costs to a minimum. As a result, management was able to obtain significant reductions in labor costs. In addition, the model can help by incorporating issues of diversity and inclusion in the workplace. By being able to track where employees would likely be down the line, a fairer distribution could be achieved.

Gender-Specific Fine Motor Skill Learning Is Impaired by Myelin-Targeted Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Gene Mutation.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is caused by mutations in the NF1 gene. The clinical presentation of NF1 includes diverse neurological issues in pediatric and adult patients, ranging from learning disabilities, motor skill issues, and attention deficit disorder, to increased risk of depression and dementia. Preclinical research suggests that abnormal neuronal signaling mediates spatial learning and attention issues in NF1; however, drugs that improve phenotypes in models show inconclusive results in clinical trials, highlighting the need for a better understanding of NF1 pathophysiology and broader therapeutic options. Most NF1 patients show abnormalities in their brain white matter (WM) and myelin, and links with NF1 neuropathophysiology have been suggested; however, no current data can clearly support or refute this idea. We reported that myelin-targeted Nf1 mutation impacts oligodendrocyte signaling, myelin ultrastructure, WM connectivity, and sensory-motor behaviors in mice; however, any impact on learning and memory remains unknown. Here, we adapted a voluntary running test-the complex wheel (CW; a wheel with unevenly spaced rungs)-to delineate fine motor skill learning curves following induction of an Nf1 mutation in pre-existing myelinating cells (pNf1 mice). We found that pNf1 mutant females experience delayed or impaired learning in the CW, while proper learning in pNf1 males is predominantly disrupted; these phenotypes add complexity to the gender-dependent learning differences in the mouse strain used. No broad differences in memory of acquired CW skills were detected in any gender, but gene-dose effects were observed at the studied time points. Finally, nitric oxide signaling regulation differentially impacted learning in wild type (WT)/pNf1, male/female mice. Our results provide evidence for fine motor skill learning issues upon induction of an Nf1 mutation in mature myelinating cells. Together with previous connectivity, cellular, and molecular analyses, these results diversify the potential treatments for neurological issues in NF1.

Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion Strategies in Engineering and Computer Science

This article delves into the issues of equity, diversity, and inclusiveness (EDI) in the engineering disciplines in Canada and Spain and presents the challenges faced by underrepresented individuals and ways to promote an inclusive and diverse environment. Two strategic lines are identified: (a) facilitating university education access to underrepresented and minority groups and (b) guiding such students during university training to set them up for successful future careers. Accordingly, this article shows how the strategies mentioned above are implemented in some selected Canadian and Spanish universities, clearly distinguishing the approach taken in the two countries. In Canada, there is a more decentralized approach to addressing EDI issues, wherein the universities devise their agendas independently. In Spain, on the other hand, there is a stronger and more direct involvement of the government to ensure a comprehensive, system-wide approach to tackling EDI issues in academia. This article helps education policymakers to devise and implement pragmatic strategies for achieving EDI and the relevant UN-defined sustainable development goals.

Engagement and accessibility tools for pro-environmental action on air quality: the SOCIO-BEE paradigm

AbstractThe involvement of citizens and all stakeholders is crucial in tackling environmental and social matters. This, addressing equity and diversity issues, although challenging, is a necessary condition for achieving positive outcomes and ensuring that no one is left behind. To help ease this challenge, this work presents a systematic approach to ensure inclusive participation and leverage non-technical and technical elements to maximise stakeholder engagement in scientific activities to successfully address sustainability concerns. For that, it builds on the interim results of the H2020 SOCIO-BEE project, a Citizen science (CS) proposal to reduce air pollution through inclusive community engagement and social innovation. As part of an interdisciplinary CS project, an abductive systematic combining methodology was employed, which allowed for dialogue and collaboration between theory and practice throughout the whole process, during which separate groups of experts and potential end-users were involved. The article presents (i) the stakeholder engagement strategy codified in the SOCIO-BEE toolkit as a robust, actionable and inclusive foundation of engagement to CS activities; and (ii) the digital platform UX that allows setting up campaigns for measurements and assignment to citizens, incorporating the requirements for flexibility, accessibility, limited digital literacy, inclusion and legal and ethical considerations. Their combination and mutual interaction aim to leverage the pros of CS and technology whilst reducing their cons to ensure the four pillars of applicability, scalability, actionability, and inclusion. This is supported by the presented hybrid model which combines physical and virtual spaces and individual and collective action.

Analysis of Cultural Literacy Learning Based on Local Wisdom to Strengthen the Profile of Pancasila Students

This study aims to analyze local wisdom-based cultural literacy learning to strengthen the profile of Pancasila students in the dimension of Global Diversity integrated into Pancasila Education subjects. The research method employed a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The subjects of this study were fourth-grade students and teachers of SDN Gelam 1 Candi in the 2023/2024 school year, totalling 24 students. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. This data analysis technique used interactive model analysis consisting of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. In testing the validity of the data obtained by using the triangulation techniques. The results of this study indicated that local wisdom-based cultural literacy learning can strengthen the profile of Pancasila students in the Global Diversity dimension integrated into Pancasila Education subjects through various learning activities, such as making Pop Up Book of Sidoarjo Local Wisdom and LKPD integrated with local wisdom of Sidoarjo City. In addition, it can also improve the cultural literacy skills of students who can respond to local cultural diversity and cultural issues to face cultural shifts in the future. Students can also show a sense of pride and participate in preserving the local culture of Sidoarjo by making Udeng Pacul Gowang an icon of Sidoarjo City.

The Impact of Intermittent Hypoxic Training on Aerobic Capacity and Biometric-Structural Indicators among Obese Women-A Pilot Study.

Obesity, a common lifestyle-related condition, is correlated with factors like inadequate physical activity. Its connection to diverse health issues presents a significant challenge to healthcare. This pilot study investigated the effects of hypoxic training on aerobic capacity and biometric-structural indicators in obese women. The secondary objective was to determine the feasibility, effectiveness, and safety of the planned research procedures and their potential for larger-scale implementation. Forty-one non-trained women with first-degree obesity were randomly assigned to even normobaric hypoxic training (H + E), normoxic training (E), passive exposure to hypoxia (H), and a control group (C). Training sessions were conducted three times a week for four weeks (12 training sessions). Body composition parameters were assessed, metabolic thresholds were determined, and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) was measured before and after interventions. The results demonstrated that training in hypoxic conditions significantly affected somatic parameters, with the H + E group achieving the best outcomes in terms of weight reduction and improvements in body composition indicators (p < 0.001). Normoxic training also induced a positive impact on body weight and body composition, although the results were less significant compared to the H + E group (p < 0.001). Additionally, training in hypoxic conditions significantly improved the aerobic capacity among the participants (p < 0.001). The H + E group achieved the best results in enhancing respiratory endurance and oxygen consumption (p < 0.001). The results of this pilot study suggest, that hypoxic training can be effective for weight reduction and improving the aerobic capacity in obese women. Despite study limitations, these findings indicate that hypoxic training could be an innovative approach to address obesity and related conditions. Caution is advised in interpreting the results, considering both the strengths and limitations of the pilot study. Before proceeding to a larger-scale study, the main study should be expanded, including aspects such as dietary control, monitoring physical activity, and biochemical blood analysis.

Exploring the rise and diversity of health and societal issues that use a public health approach: A scoping review and narrative synthesis.

There is an increase in calls across diverse issues for a "public health approach" however, it is not clear whether there is any shared understanding in approach in its conceptualisation or implementation. Our aims were to (1) identify and categorise the issues which discuss a public health approach within published literature since 2010, (2) chart the descriptions and applications of public health approaches across and within four purposively sampled categories of issues, and (3) capture any evaluations conducted. A scoping review of published literature was undertaken; Seven leading databases were searched: AMED, APA PsycInfo, ASSIA, CINAHL complete, Cochrane Library (Review), Embase, and MEDLINE for articles published between 2010 and 2022 which have applied, described or called for a "public health approach" to address any issue. 3,573 studies were identified through our initial searches, of these 1,635 articles were recognised for possible inclusion from analysis of titles and abstract. The final number of included studies was 1,314. We identified 28 categories, 26 of which were societal issues, where a public health approach is being advocated. We purposively selected four of these categories; adverse childhood experiences; end of life care; gambling addiction and violence reduction/ knife crime for further analysis of the approach including how it was conceptualised and operationalised; less than 13% of the studies described the implementation of a public health approach and there was considerable heterogeneity across and within categories as to how this was done. Since 2010 there have been increasing calls for a public health approach to be taken to address health and societal challenges. However, the operationalisation of a public health approach varied extensively and there were few evaluations of the approach. This has implications for policy makers and those involved in commissioning related approaches in the future as the evidence-base is limited.

Welfare chauvinism in times of crises: The impact of the radical right political discourse

This article examines the impact of the radical right political discourse on welfare chauvinistic attitudes over time. Using data from two rounds of the European Social Survey (2008/09 and 2016/17), the Comparative Political Data Set and the Manifesto Project for 17 European countries, our analyses show that radical right mobilization and the salience of political rhetoric framed on cultural diversity and immigration issues have a significant positive effect on welfare chauvinist attitudes. Although in the years after the Great Recession and the refugee crisis, welfare chauvinism remained fairly stable among the general European public, the influence of radical right mobilization and negative political discourse on welfare chauvinism has significantly increased. Furthermore, we find that when radical right parties become stronger and the political rhetoric regarding cultural diversity and immigration becomes more salient, differences in welfare chauvinist attitudes between people with different political affiliations become more polarized. These results contribute to a broader understanding of the mechanisms underlying welfare chauvinistic attitudes and mark the importance of the inclusion of political factors in studies on welfare chauvinism.

Family Caregivers’ Dilemma while Providing Palliative Care to Elderly Patients

Elderly patients receiving palliative care are terminally ill, thereby requiring an increasing amount of caregivers’time and attention. Caregivers often face diverse issues and challenges while performing caregiving tasks. Thepurpose of this paper is to systematically investigate the challenges that trigger family caregivers’ dilemmas whileproviding palliative care to their elderly patients. The sample size was 10 respondents (family caregivers) who werepurposively selected by the researchers from hospital-based palliative care settings and home-based palliative caresettings. The finding of this study presents the existing and emerging dilemmas confronted by the caregivers of theelderly receiving palliative care. The caregivers in both settings reported elderly patients’ reluctance to performdaily exercises and medication. The caregivers in the hospital-based palliative care setting mentioned the patient’sdesire to go home, while the caregivers in the home setting needed extra assistance to manage the care needs ofthe elderly patients. The paper also highlights the implications for social workers functioning in palliative caresettings. In conclusion, caregiving for an elderly patient is a very arduous and demanding task. Family caregiversgrapple with many day-to-day challenges which creates dilemma in providing quality palliative care to theirelderly patients. They try to fix their dilemmas by looking at the issue through a medical lens and discussing itwith professional palliative care providers.