Distrito Federal Research Articles

A new Brazilian species of Segonalia Young 1977 (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Cicadellini) and key to species.

A new remarkable Segonalia species is described from Brazil, based on specimens from Distrito Federal and Minas Gerais State. The genus now includes three valid species, which are all recorded for Brazil, and the type-species Segonalia steinbachi is also recorded for Bolivia. The new species is described and illustrated, a key to males of the genus is provided and the distribution is discussed.

Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Services in Public Hospital Pharmacies of Federal District - Brazil

ObjectiveTo evaluate pharmaceutical services in public hospital pharmacies of the Federal District Health Department - Brazil (Secretaria de Saúde do Distrito Federal, SES-DF). MethodA cross-sectional evaluative study involving the 15 public hospitals under the SES-DF management. Hospitals were characterized and classified into four hierarchical strata. The pharmaceutical services related to programming (quantity of medication to order), acquisition, storage, distribution, management, selection, information, pharmacotechnical component, pharmacotherapy follow-up, teaching and research were evaluated using validated indicators. Next, algorithms were applied and the approximation percentages of service compliance were calculated, then correlated to variables that could influence their results through linear regression analysis. ResultsOnly four hospital pharmacies presented good compliance with the evaluated services, three of them belonging to less complex hospitals. Only the storage and management services presented good performance. The variables that most influenced the performance of the services were managerial aspects related to pharmacists and non pharmacists' workload per bed, the existence of a program for human resources qualification, planning goals and targets and a manual of norms and procedures, as well as professional qualification and adequacy of the area in which the services were performed (p < 0.01). ConclusionsThe evaluated hospital pharmacies had average performance for services compared to the ideal and better performance in logistics activities. Pharmaceutical services require constant evaluation for rational interventions that increase the proportion of executed health care activities and local management capacity to make such actions more effective, efficient, qualified and safe in the context of the SES-DF hospital network.

Math education and the human right to inclusion: the expectations of the teacher acting with deaf pupils in a public school in the Distrito Federal

This study presents math teachers and their expectations regarding the school inclusion process, as a human right, for deaf students. It presents mathematical education as knowledge that dialogs with the perspectives of human rights, in particular, with the right to education. It has as participants in the research six mathematics teachers who work in a public high school, located in the Gama Administrative Region, Federal District, Brazil. The qualitative methodology was used with a dialogical instrument of semi-structured interview and discourse analysis. As a result, it was found that many teachers have propositive expectations regarding the inclusion of the deaf learner, although much of the emphasis is on the acquisition of Brazilian Sign Language rather than methodologies and teaching processes suitable for this audience. As for their training to promote inclusion, there was a negative expectation, since four of the teachers said that they were not prepared. However, all have demonstrated in their narratives the importance of teaching mathematics and inclusion as a right to education, as well as a human right for all.

Neuromyths among Elementary and High School students: a case study in Distrito Federal

Apesar de todo o investimento recente da comunidade científica relacionada a contribuição da neurociência para a educação, ainda são muitos os problemas que continuam a adiar o sucesso desta possível parceria. A disseminação de mitos que obscurecem os avanços da neurociência para a educação tem sido um grande problema na educação básica. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o conhecimento cerebral e a prevalência de neuromitos entre Estudantes de Ensino Fundamental e Médio no Distrito Federal. Para tanto os estudantes foram convidados a responderem um questionário online contendo 32 afirmações sendo que 16 delas foram elaboradas para avaliar o conhecimento sobre o cérebro e as 16 afirmações restantes são neuromitos. A pontuação média de conhecimento do cérebro foi 55,1% e a pontuação média dos neuromitos foi 43,1%. Os resultados permitem concluir que persiste uma falha no conhecimento relacionado a neurociência entre os estudantes na educação básica.

Notable records of winter migrants for Goiás and Distrito Federal, central Brazil

Notable records of winter migrants for Goiás and Distrito Federal, central Brazil

Description of the puparium of Hermetia teevani Curran (Diptera, Stratiomyidae) reared from roots of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz).

The puparium of Hermetia teevani Curran is described, based on 173 specimens reared from cassava roots (Manihot esculenta), in laboratory under controlled conditions until the emergence of the adults. Hermetia teevani is the ninth species with immature stage known for Hermetia, in addition to being recorded for the first time for the Distrito Federal and State of Gois.

Eight new species of Costanana DeLong &amp; Freytag (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini): taxonomic changes, key to males, and description of Metacostana gen. nov.

Costanana DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972 is a Neotropical genus of leafhoppers currently comprising 13 species with a wide distribution from Mexico to Argentina. In this study, eight new species of Costanana are described, C. xenomorpha sp. nov. from Department of Cuzco, Peru, and seven Brazilian species: C. alata sp. nov. from Minas Gerais State; C. bifida sp. nov. from Paraná and Mato Grosso states; C. cifi sp. nov., C. obtusa sp. nov. and C. piraquarensis from Paraná State; C. luzi sp. nov. from Distrito Federal; and C. rubromarginata sp. nov. from Mato Grosso and Pará states. We propose that Costanana cella DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972 is a junior synonym of C. praecellens (Stål, 1862) and C. asymmetrica DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972 is a junior synonym of Gypona viridans DeLong &amp; Martinson, 1972. Costanana costata DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972 and C. flavicosta (Stål, 1862) are transferred to Gypona Germar, 1821, C. minuta (Spångberg, 1878) is transferred to Acuponana DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1970 and Gypona nupera Van Duzee, 1907 is transferred to Costanana. Gypona costata comb. nov. and Costanana santana DeLong &amp; Wolda, 1983 are newly recorded from Pernambuco State, and Gypona flavicosta comb. nov. is recorded from Espírito Santo and Paraná states, Brazil. The female genitalia of Costanana flavina DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972, C. praecellens and Gypona flavicosta comb. nov. are described and illustrated for the first time and a brief note on feeding behavior is given for C. flavina and C. praecellens. A key to males and a new diagnosis are provided for Costanana. We also describe and illustrate Metacostana cornuta gen. et sp. nov., a new Brazilian genus for Gyponini sharing characteristics with Costanana, Acuthana Domahovski &amp; Cavichioli, 2018, Domahovana Silva et al., 2022 and Dumorpha DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1975.

Organization of the macroinvertebrate community in a tropical annual agroecosystem into modules.

The structure of macroinvertebrate communities in agroecosystems has been assumed to be modular and organized around key herbivore pests. We characterized the macroinvertebrate community in the annual organic brassica agroecosystem in tropical central Brazil to determine if the community was a random assemblage of independent populations or was organized into repeatable multi-species components. We sampled 36 macroinvertebrate taxa associated with six organic brassica farms at biweekly intervals during the dry season during two years in the Distrito Federal, Brazil. We used an unconstrained ordination based on latent variable modeling (boral) with negative binomial population counts to analyze community composition independent of variation in sample abundance. We evaluated observed community structure by comparing it with randomized alternatives. We found that the community was not a random assemblage and consistently organized itself into two modules based around the major herbivores; one with lepidoptera and whiteflies and their associated natural enemies which was gradually replaced during the season by one with brassica aphids, aphid parasitoids and coccinellids. This analysis suggests that the historical and present-day focus on pest herbivores and their associated species in agroecosystems may be justified based on community structure.

Temporal and spatial distribution trends of polio vaccine coverage in less than one-year old children in Brazil, 2011–2021

BackgroundLow polio vaccine coverage can result in the spread of Poliovirus to areas free from viral circulation. This study analyzed the temporal trends and spatial distribution of polio vaccine coverage in one year-old children in Brazil, between 2011 and 2021. Methods: This was an ecological, time-series study (2011 to 2021) with annual vaccine coverages against poliomyelitis, extracted from the Information System of the National Immunization Program from the 26 States and the Distrito Federal (DF). The percentage reductions in vaccination coverage in Brazil and in the Regions were calculated. Prais-Winsten regression models were used to analyze time series for the Regions and States, and spatial analysis identified the distribution of clusters (high-high; low-low; high-low and low-high) of vaccination coverages across Brazilian municipalities, using a 5% significance level. Results: From 2011 to 2021, the coverage of polio vaccines decreased by 29,9%. There was a progressive increase observed in clusters resulting in low vaccination coverages (140 low-low Brazilian municipalities in 2011 vs. 403 in 2021), mostly reported in the North and Northeast regions of the country. There was a downward trend in vaccination coverages in 24 of the 26 States and DF (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: The reduction in polio vaccine coverage, as observed in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil, may favor the spread of Poliovirus. Therefore, vaccination strategies should be prioritized for children residing in areas with sharp and recurrent declines in vaccination coverages, including travelers, migrants, and refugees.

Analysis on the knowledge of the ventilator-associated pneumonia prevention bundle at a teaching hospital in Distrito Federal

Introduction: Healthcare services have implemented major improvements in adherence to measures to prevent healthcare-associated infections. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is among the most common infections in adult intensive care units (ICU). Objective: To analyze the knowledge of healthcare professionals about the Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Prevention bundle in the Adult Intensive Care Unit of a Teaching Hospital in the Federal District (DF). Method: A quasi-experimental research of quantitative nature. A questionnaire was applied to 93 health professionals in the ICU (physicians, nurses, physical therapists, nursing technicians and dentists), with questions about the items of the VAP prevention bundle, from August to October 2022. Results and Discussion: the overall average of correct answers was 74.6%. Final considerations: Healthcare professionals considered that among the difficulties mentioned to perform VAP prevention care, the most difficult was to maintain the adequate position of the filter and trachea and to perform oral hygiene. Therefore, it is considered that the bundle alone does not ensure the reduction of VAP rates, and should be implemented together with a group of actions with the same objective.

Urban green spaces and social vulnerability in Brazilian metropolitan regions: Towards environmental justice

This study assesses the spatial correlation between urban green space and social vulnerability in five Brazilian metropolitan regions (MR), Distrito Federal, Manaus, Porto Alegre, Recife, and São Paulo, containing 20 % of the country’s urban population. The spatial correlation method used was exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) with the Moran index and local indicator space association (LISA). In the analyzed municipalities, the urban green spaces are not mostly concentrated in areas with better social indices. In four MR, the most representative scenario (in terms of area), was the high social vulnerability accompanied by a high number of urban green spaces. This scenario was observed in peri-urban zones in the analyzed MR. The Distrito Federal (containing the national capital, Brasilia) was the only one case where the concentration of green spaces appeared in the most socially privileged areas. Regarding the most representative scenario, the major problem is not the lack of urban green spaces but the absence of a policy for the implementation of complementary urban facilities in such green spaces. These policies are fundamental for turning urban green spaces into places for social interaction, landscape contemplation, leisure, and culture. Therefore, in the context of land use policies, when green spaces are included among the set of the urban facilities, they become promoters of environmental and spatial justice and can reduce inequality in cities.

Occurrence of bean-associated cytorhabdovirus and cowpea mild mottle virus infecting cultivated and wild Passiflora spp. in Brazil

Bean-associated cytorhabdovirus (BaCV) is a strain of Cytorhabdovirus caricae (genus Cytorhabdovirus, family Rhabdoviridae) identified in Brazil, in bean and soybean plants, in mixed infection with cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV, genus Carlavirus, family Betaflexiviridae). Ensuing the report of citrus-associated rhabdovirus (CiaRV — a citrus strain of Cytorhabdovirus caricae) infecting passion fruit in China, we speculated that BaCV, and possibly CPMMV, could be present in passion fruit crops in Brazil. This was tested by screening cultivated and wild Passiflora spp., and hybrid by RT-PCR and amplicon sequencing, which confirmed the presence of BaCV and CPMMV in several Passiflora spp. A total of 114 surveyed plants were collected in multiple locations from 2016 to 2021 and BaCV was identified in 4 of 19 cultivated P. edulis plants from a commercial field in Distrito Federal, Central Brazil. Moreover, while BaCV was detected in 4 of the 55 Passiflora accessions sampled at the Germplasm Bank “Flor da Paixão” (BAG-FP), CPMMV was identified in 14 of these 55 Passiflora spp. and hybrid accessions. This is the first record of BaCV in P. edulis in Brazil, and CPMMV and BaCV in other wild Passiflora species in the world. To investigate the potential mixed infection of BaCV and CPMMV-infected plants and other viruses previously identified infecting Passiflora spp. in Brazil, RT-PCR was conducted with specific primers for lettuce chlorosis virus (LCV, genus Crinivirus, family Closteroviridae) and cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV, genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae). Most of the inspected plants had a mixed infection with these viruses. Our results warrant further studies to evaluate these viruses’ epidemiology, impacts, and interactions in the passion fruit crop.

Distribución actualizada de la avispa alfarera Sceliphron fistularium (Dahlbom, 1843) (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae)en América del Sur con nuevos registros

New records of the mud-dauber wasp Sceliphron fistularium (Dahlbom, 1843) for South America are reported. First record for Upper Demerara-Berbice (Guyana), Miranda (Venezuela), Vaupés (Colombia), Azuay, Orellana, Manabí, and Napo (Ecuador), Ayacucho and Cusco (Peru), Alagoas and Distrito Federal (Brazil), Amambay and Central (Paraguay), Canelones and Cerro Largo (Uruguay), and Santa Fe (Argentina) are given. The detailed distribution for each country of the continent is shown.

Biodynamic medicinal agroforestry gardens to the production of vegetables active pharmacological inputs in the Health Secretary State of Distrito Federal

Há políticas públicas no Brasil que valorizam e favorecem o uso das plantas medicinais e derivados pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Hortos agroflorestais medicinais biodinâmicos, implantados e manejados em Unidades Básicas de Saúde, no Distrito Federal (Brasil), por educandos, comunitários e servidores da saúde, fornecem matérias primas de qualidade para produção de insumos farmacêuticos às farmácias vivas, e plantas medicinais de uso popular aos cidadãos, além de cumprir outras funções.

Biochemical, physiological, and molecular characterisation of a large collection of aerobic endospore-forming bacteria isolated from Brazilian soils

The aerobic endospore-forming bacteria (AEFB) comprise species of Bacillus and related genera and have long been regarded as prominent constituents of the soil bacterial community. The wide diversity of AEFB renders appropriate categorisation and generalisations a challenging task. We previously isolated 312 AEFB strains from Brazilian soils that we designated SDF (Solo do Distrito Federal) strains. To better understand the SDF diversity and explore their biotechnological potential, we addressed the biochemical and physiological profiles of these 312 environmental strains by performing 30 tests in this work. Of these, the 16S rRNA gene sequences segregated 238 SDF strains into four genera in the family Bacillaceae and two in the Paenibacillaceae. Bacillus spp. were the most prevalent, followed by species of Paenibacillus. We summarised the phenotypic test relationships among selected SDF strains using a Pearson correlation-based clustering represented in heatmaps. In practice, biochemical and physiological profiles are often less discriminatory than molecular data and may be unstable because of the loss of traits. Although these test reactions are not universally positive or negative within species, they may define biotypes and be efficient strain markers, enhancing the accuracy of unknown sample identification. It can also help select the most representative phenotypes of samples. Along with the other phenotypic and genotypic data, the present results are of great importance for the robust classification of the SDF strains within the scope of the polyphasic approach.

Music as an important tool in working with chemical dependents hospitalized to a CAPS AD in the Distrito Federal: experience report

A reforma psiquiátrica trouxe uma nova perspectiva de cuidado às pessoas com transtorno mental no Brasil. Com a proposta de reduzir o isolamento e internações em hospitais psiquiátricos, surgem os Centros de Atenção Psicossocial, abrindo espaço para o trabalho interdisciplinar focado na reabilitação psicossocial e isso inclui indivíduos em sofrimento mental devido ao uso de substâncias químicas. É neste contexto que as oficinas e grupos terapêuticos funcionam como ferramentas que podem auxiliar os usuários no manejo dos prejuízos causados por algum transtorno mental e maximizar as potencialidades que facilitam um melhor desempenho psíquico e social. Esse relato de experiência conta sobre a vivência de um psicólogo residente que participou de um grupo de música realizado em um CAPS AD III do Distrito Federal com indivíduos dependentes químicos que estavam na internação desse serviço, e tem como objetivo, evidenciar a importância da música como ferramenta de trabalho com estes indivíduos abrindo discussão sobre as possibilidades da música no cuidado aos usuários dos serviços de saúde mental.

Resistência horizontal e vertical da bananeira ao nematoide cavernícola depende do nível de agressividade ou da virulência da população do nematoide

Abstract The burrowing nematode Radopholus similis is among the most damaging pathogens. Resistant plants are one of the most promising approaches for nematode control, and knowledge of resistance and aggressiveness components is essential to understand resistance genetics and developing new cultivars. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the degree of resistance of eight banana accessions to populations of R. similis to verify differences in the reproduction capacity between nematode populations and to study the horizontal/vertical resistance and aggressiveness/ virulence components of Musa spp. and R. similis pathosystem. The accessions 4249-05, 4279-06, Yangambi Km5, 0323-03, 0337-02, 1304-06, Borneo and Grande Naine were inoculated with one of three R. similis populations from the Brazilian states of Pernambuco, Distrito Federal, and Santa Catarina and kept in a greenhouse. Accessions 4249-05, Yangambi Km5, 0323-03, and 4279-06 showed different resistance levels, and the Pernambuco population had the highest reproductive capacity. Using Griffing Model IV, evidence of vertical and horizontal resistance was observed, with accessions 4249-05 and Yangambi km5 showing the highest levels of horizontal resistance.

Dependência de jogos eletrônicos em adolescentes na unidadepediátrica de um Hospital Universitário no Distrito Federal

INTRODUCTION: The study aimed to identify the prevalence of addiction and the risk of addiction to electronic games in adolescents monitored at the Pediatric Service of a university hospital in Distrito Federal. METHODS: Cross-sectional observational study carried out with adolescents aged 10 to 19 years, using a questionnaire of 10 multiple-choice questions, which aim to assess dependency in 5 dimensions in relation to “compulsive gaming”. Were also evaluated: sociodemographic data (age, sex, education and grade repetition) and game usage parameters (frequency of weekly gaming, daily game time). The questionnaire was applied in 4 months and the statistical analyzes were performed by the SAS 9.4 application. p &lt;0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: 114 adolescents were interviewed, with a median age of 15 years. The majority (71%) reported using some type of electronic game as a recreation, of which 62.1% were boys. The prevalence of dependence was 3.51% and the risk of dependency was 9.65%, with the dimension “time restriction” being the most frequent with 42.9%. Only schooling showed a significant association with the occurrence of the risk of dependency (RP = 6,16, IC 95%: 1,48; 25,65; p = 0,0125). DISCUSSION: Even with some limitations, the study stands out for being able to demonstrate a prevalence of dependence on electronic games in a convenience sample similar to the one found in the literature, as well as to draw an epidemiological profile of risk factors for the dependence of the interviewed patients.

Hábitos auditivos de jovens adolescentes escolares da rede pública e privada do Distrito Federal

ABSTRACT Purpose: to analyze the hearing habits of a group of students between public and private schools and compare the degree of exposure to sound stimuli via earphones. Methods: 1,085 public and private school students received a questionnaire on hearing habits and exposure to amplified music. Their answers to these questions were analyzed and compared between the groups of students. The chi-square test compared hearing habits between public and private schools, with the statistical significance level set at 5% (p &lt; 0.05). Result: in general, most students (92%) reported hearing habits of exposure to amplified music. Questionnaire answers indicated a high prevalence of both earphone use (92%) and attendance at places with loud music (63.6%). Conclusion: private school students use earphones more often than those from public schools.

Lesões da cavidade oral de cães: 720 casos

ABSTRACT: Seven hundred twenty cases of oral cavity lesions in dogs were diagnosed from 2015 to 2020 in Distrito Federal, Brazil. Four hundred thirty-two (60%) lesions were neoplastic, and 288 (40%) were non-neoplastic. Of the neoplasms, 229 (53%) were considered malignant and 203 (47%) benign, affecting mainly males, of 43 different breeds, with an average age of 9.4 years, mainly the gum and lip. Melanoma was the most (96/432, 22.2%) commonly diagnosed neoplasm, followed by peripheral odontogenic fibroma (68/432, 15.7%), papilloma (63/432, 14.5%) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (56/432, 12.9%). Non-neoplastic lesions also affected males predominantly, from 41 different breeds, with an average age of 8.9 years, mainly in the gums, lip, and tongue. These lesions were diagnosed as inflammatory (230/288, 79.8%), hyperplastic (47/288, 16.3%) and other lesions (11/288, 3.8%).