Districts Of Uttar Pradesh Research Articles

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ARYAVART BANK AND BARODA U.P. BANK

Aryavart Bank (AB) and Baroda U.P. Bank (BUPB) both are regional rural bank operating in Uttar Pradesh (UP). AB was incorporated on 1st April 2019 and BUPB on 1st April 2020 under the provision of the RRBs Act,1976. AB spreads in 26 districts while BUPB in 31 districts of UP. Both want to develop the rural UP in better way through banking facilities. Both are shaping their commitments. It is proven in Programmes, Balance Sheets, and Annual Reports of banks. Both have to nurture much more according to potential of rural Uttar Pradesh.

Future Climate Change Impacts on Rice in Uttar Pradesh, India's Most Populous Agrarian State

AbstractUttar Pradesh, with a population of 237 million, is the largest agrarian state in India, located in the Indo‐Gangetic plains. Rice cultivation is widespread across all districts of Uttar Pradesh, which have varying climate regimes, irrigation infrastructures, crop management practices, and farm sizes. The state is characterized by different agroecological zones (AEZs) with semi‐arid to sub‐humid climates with significant variability in monsoon rainfall. In this study, the impact of climate change on Kharif‐season rice is estimated using crop‐climate scenarios in Uttar Pradesh. A process‐based Crop Simulation Model, Crop Estimation through Resource and Environment Synthesis‐Rice, was simulated with bias‐corrected and downscaled climate data for historical (1995–2014) and three future periods (the 2030s, 2050s, and 2090s) for two mitigation pathways (SSP2‐4.5 and SSP5‐8.5) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6. Phenology, irrigation amount, crop evapotranspiration, yield, and water use efficiency were evaluated and assessed for all AEZs. Based on the ensemble of 16 climate models, rainfed rice yield increased in the AEZs of western Uttar Pradesh due to increased rainfall, while in eastern Uttar Pradesh yield decreased, under both shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). Irrigated rice yield decreased in all AEZs under both SSPs due to an increase in temperature and a decrease in the length of the growing period, with reductions of up to 20% by the 2090s. Irrigation requirements decreased from the 2030s to the 2090s due to increased rainfall and decreased crop evapotranspiration. Despite the projected increase in rainfed yield, the overall rice yield is expected to decrease in the future under both SSPs.

Elucidating the changing particulate matter pollution and associated health effects in rural India during 2000–2019

Atmospheric pollution is a serious problem in many countries, including India, and it is generally considered as an urban issue. To fill the knowledge gap about particulate pollution and its adverse health effects in rural India for well-informed region-specific policy interventions, we present new insights on the rural pollution of India in terms of PM2.5. Here, we analyse PM2.5 pollution and its associated health burden in rural India using satellite and reanalyses data for the period 2000–2019. We observe a gradual and consistent rise of atmospheric pollution in rural areas of India. The highest PM2.5 levels are observed in Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) during winter and post-monsoon seasons (107.0 ± 17.0 and 91.0 ± 21.7 μg/m3, respectively). A dipole reversal in seasonal trends between winter and post-monsoon seasons is found for black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC) in the rural IGP. The rural North West India (NWI) experiences elevated PM2.5 concentrations due to dust storms, while the rural hilly region (HR) in the Himalaya remains the least polluted region in India. The highest PM2.5 associated cardiopulmonary mortality in 2019 is observed in the rural IGP districts (1000–5100), whereas the highest mortality due to lung cancer at district level accounts for 10–60 deaths. The highest mortality attributed to PM2.5 is observed in districts of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan. The priority-wise segregation of states as per World Health Organisation (WHO) Interim targets (ITs), as assessed in this study, might be helpful in implementation and development of policies in phases. We, therefore, present the first detailed study on the PM2.5 pollution in rural India, and provide valuable insights on its distribution, variability, sources and associated mortality, and emphasize the need for addressing this issue to protect public health.

Morphological Characterization of Elite Indian Bean Genotypes of Bundelkhand Region

The morphological characterization of Indian bean genotypes of Bundelkand region was conducted at Vegetable Research Farm, RLBCAU, Jhansi during kharif season 2020-21. A total of 21 genotypes of Indian bean were collected from various districts of Uttar Pradesh. The randomized block design with two replications was used and morphological characterization was conducted. Observations were recorded on ten morphological characters selected from DUS. Dolichos bean germplasm exhibits significant diversity in various qualitative traits, including plant growth habit (ranging from pole to bush), stem colour variations (green, dark green, and purple), diverse flower colours (purple, white, and dark purple), leaf vein colours (light green, green, and purple), distinct leaf densities (sparse, intermediate, and dense), pod colours encompassing green, light green, white, purple, and dark purple, as well as pod characteristics such as curvature (straight, curved, and highly curved) and shape (straight, intermediate, and curved).

Molecular insights into the variability and pathogenicity of Fusarium odoratissimum, the causal agent of Panama wilt disease in banana

Fusarium wilt or Panama disease of banana caused by the hemibiotroph fungus, Fusarium odoratissimum, also known as F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 is a serious threat to banana production worldwide. Being the world's largest grower and the origins of bananas in its northeast region, India is particularly vulnerable to this deadly fungus. In the present study, a total of 163 Fusarium isolates from infected banana were characterized for their pathogenic traits. Considering the variability in the Fusarium, the contaminated banana plants were collected from five districts of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, two major primary infection states of India. All the isolates were screened using universal and specific primers to identify the F. odoratissimum strains. The identified F. odoratissimum strains were subjected to in vivo pathogenicity assessment using the susceptible banana cultivar ‘Grand Naine’. The identified six most virulent strains were further characterized for their pathogenicity via in vivo bipartite interaction in terms of biochemical assays. Assessment of in vivo pathogenicity through qRT-PCR for three pathogenesis responsive genes, Six 1a (Secreted in xylem), Snf (Sucrose non-fermenting) and ChsV (Chitinase V), ascertained that the identified F. odoratissimum strains exhibit both intra- and inter-specific variability. The variability of F. odoratissimum strains signifies its importance for the assessment of spread of infection at specific sites to enable efficient management strategy of Fusarium wilt in banana.

Predictors of anaemia in mothers and children in Uttar Pradesh, India.

Anaemia affects more than half of Indian women and children, but the contribution of its causes remains unquantified. We examined interrelationships between Hb and nutritional, environmental, infectious and genetic determinants of anaemia in non-pregnant mothers and children in Uttar Pradesh (UP). We conducted a cross-sectional survey of households in twenty-five districts of UP between October and December 2016. We collected socio-demographic data, anthropometry and venous blood in 1238 non-pregnant mothers and their children. We analysed venous blood samples for malaria, Hb, ferritin, retinol, folate, Zn, vitamin B12, C-reactive protein, α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and β-thalassaemia. We used path analysis to examine pathways through which predictors of anaemia were associated with Hb concentration. Rural and urban households in twenty-five districts of UP. Mothers 18-49 years and children 6-59 months in UP. A total of 36·4 % of mothers and 56·0 % of children were anaemic, and 26·7 % of women and 44·6 % of children had Fe deficiency anaemia. Ferritin was the strongest predictor of Hb (β (95 % CI) = 1·03 (0·80, 1·27) g/dL in women and 0·90 (0·68, 1·12) g/dL in children). In children only, red blood cell folate and AGP were negatively associated with Hb and retinol was positively associated with Hb. Over 70 % of mothers and children with anaemia had Fe deficiency, needing urgent attention. However, several simultaneous predictors of Hb exist, including nutrient deficiencies and inflammation. The potential of Fe interventions to address anaemia may be constrained unless coexisting determinants are jointly addressed.

Farmers’ Awareness and Perception about Climate Change in the Indo-Gangetic Plain Region of India

Climate change is negatively impacting agriculture productivity worldwide. Accordingly, it becomes necessary to know the level of farmers’ awareness about climate change. The study was conducted in the year 2023 to examine farmers’ awareness and perceptions about nature, and the impact of changes in climate patterns on agriculture in India’s Indo Gangetic Plain (IGP) region. The study is based on a survey of 400 farmers, selected conveniently from five districts of Uttar Pradesh, a prominent province of the IGP region. The weighted average mean and chi-square test were applied to analyze the primary data. The findings indicate that farmers of the sampled area were aware of the problem, they get weather-related information from multiple sources like television, newspapers, etc. Almost half of the respondents in the sampled area strongly consider climate change as anthropogenic as well as naturogenic. Farmers perceived that reduced crop yields as the premier ultimatum of climate change in agriculture. The results unveil that the contrasting income groups have different levels of awareness of climate change similarly youth and educated farmers rely on their specific sources of weather-related information.

A Study on Assessment of Satisfaction Level of Women Towards Entrepreneurship Development Training Programme: Evidence from Districts of Uttar Pradesh

A Study on Assessment of Satisfaction Level of Women Towards Entrepreneurship Development Training Programme: Evidence from Districts of Uttar Pradesh

Morph-Cultural Variability among Different Isolates of Alternaria alternata Causing Leaf Spot of Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk) in Eastern Uttar Pradesh

Alternaria alternata is one of the most important foliar fungi causing leaf spot of ber. Leaf spot diseased samples were collected from different districts of Uttar Pradesh. Six different isolates of A. alternata were obtained in pure culture and designated as Aa1, Aa2, Aa3, Aa4, Aa5 and Aa6. The results revealed that there is a greater variation among different isolates of A. alternata. The maximum mycelial growth after 10 DAI (days after incubation) was found in Aa2 (90.10 mm) followed Aa5 (88.36) and Aa6 (86.53). Colony characters like color varied as greenish (Aa1), dark olivaceous green (Aa2), brown blackish (Aa3 and Aa6), brownish green with black center (Aa5), Greenish brown with white center (Aa4) and growth was slow (Aa4 and Aa5), medium (Aa1 and Aa6) and fast (Aa2 and Aa3). Growth appearance varied from fluffy (Aa1, Aa4, Aa5 and Aa6) and compressed (Aa2 and Aa3) with margin regular (Aa2 and Aa4) or irregular margin (Aa1, Aa3, Aa5 and Aa6). Sporulation was recorded in all six isolates but very good sporulation was observed in Aa2, Aa4 and Aa5. Highest average conidial length was recorded in isolates Aa4 (38.88μm) followed by Aa3 (30.20μm). Highest average width was recorded in Aa5 (15.06μm) followed by Aa3 (14.04 μm). Maximum beak length was observed in Aa2 (17.28 µm). The number of septa also varied among isolates. Maximum number of transverse septa was found in Aa5 (4-5). Maximum number of longitudinal septa was found in Aa5 (2-4).

A Study on Agricultural Mechanization Status under Paddy and Wheat Crop Production in Central Region of Uttar Pradesh, India

The technological progress in agricultural machinery since the mid-1960s has led to a revolutionary increase in crop yield in India. Northern states like Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh (especially the western and central region have experienced rapid growth in the adoption of mechanized farming practices. A study was conducted to evaluate the present state of farm mechanization in four districts of Uttar Pradesh. The average farm power accessible in this area was recorded at 2.05 kWha-1, surpassing the national average (1.9 kW/ha). The lowest mechanization index in wheat crop was observed in plant protection operations (20.6%) whereas highest mechanization index was observed in harrowing operation (94.2%). Similarly, in paddy crop, the lowest mechanization index was observed in transplanting operations (0%) whereas highest mechanization index was observed in harrowing harrowing and puddling operations (99%).With the exception of tasks like transplanting paddy and ensuring pest control in rice and wheat cultivation, almost all stages of crop production employed tractor-driven machinery. The primary obstacle observed in farm mechanization in the region was the lack of timely access to farming equipment.

Multidimensional Poverty and per Capita Income in Uttar Pradesh: A District-Level Analysis

This article makes an attempt to find the extent of linkage between monetary and non-monetary aspects of poverty based on secondary data. The analysis reveals that the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) of Eastern region is the highest among all regions in Uttar Pradesh. The article finds disparity in terms of MPI and per capita income among districts of Uttar Pradesh. This study also identifies that there is negative relationship between per capita income and multidimensional poverty. Therefore, the article suggests that the government should provide employment oriented education and technical training for skill development especially in backward districts to enhance the ability of their citizens to fetch gainful employment and improve their living standard.

Social Media Advertising: A Study of Consumer Demographics

Social media has grown into an essential platform for businesses to engage with and make an impression on their target market. Since the advent of digital platforms, marketers have focused on researching the effectiveness of advertisements and the best channels for sharing them. The study focuses on how well-informed people are about social media advertising and how it influences consumer demographic profiles, consumer trust in selected social media advertisements, and the reliability of social media advertisements. Numerous social networking sites, including Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Instagram, etc., use various communication strategies that not only have an effect on their members but also help in appealing to them to interact. Instead of the usual banner and pop-up advertising, people become emotionally attached to brand communication on social networking sites. The study is based on both secondary and primary data. Using a questionnaire and the random sampling technique, data was gathered from 180 respondents within various districts of Uttar Pradesh.

Case Studies on State and District Level Stakeholders Perspective on Home Based Newborn Care Program in Uttar Pradesh, India

Case Studies on State and District Level Stakeholders Perspective on Home Based Newborn Care Program in Uttar Pradesh, India

Recovery of Childhood Immunization Disrupted by Covid-19 Pandemic - Core Group Partners Project's Learnings from Four Districts of Uttar Pradesh, India

Recovery of Childhood Immunization Disrupted by Covid-19 Pandemic - Core Group Partners Project's Learnings from Four Districts of Uttar Pradesh, India

Incidence of Botryosphaeria dothidea on mango fruits

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is the world’s fifth most important fruit crop with production of about 54.83 million metric tonnes. India contributes over 45 percent in Global production, where Uttar Pradesh is number one mango producer state with productivity of 17.14 tonnes /ha and production around 4.55 million tonnes. Occurrence of black tip disorder of mango fruits is common in India but similar symptoms on the shoulder region of mango cv. Langra fruits followed by dropping of affected fruits was first observed at Saharanpur during 2012. Incidence of disease was regularly monitored in several districts of Uttar Pradesh and pathogenic involvement of Botryosphaeria dothidea was confirmed. The incidence of B. dothidea was found widespread on mango cvs. Langra, Chousa, Dashehari, and it was also found highly pathogenic to mango cv. Amrapali in pathogenicity test. In-vitro testing indicated that the pathogen can be managed by the application of commonly used pre-harvest spray fungicides (propineb, propiconazole and difenoconazole).

Assessing the Yield of Wheat Using Satellite Remote Sensing-Based Machine Learning Algorithms and Simulation Modeling

Globally, estimating crop acreage and yield is one of the most critical issues that policy and decision makers need for assessing annual crop productivity and food supply. Nowadays, satellite remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) can enable the estimation of these crop production parameters over large geographic areas. The present work aims to estimate the wheat (Triticum aestivum) acreage and yield of Maharajganj, Uttar Pradesh, India, using satellite-based data products and the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) model. Uttar Pradesh is the largest wheat-producing state in India, and this district is well known for its quality organic wheat. India is the leader in wheat grain export, and, hence, its monitoring of growth and yield is one of the top economic priorities of the country. For the calculation of wheat acreage, we performed supervised classification using the Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine classifiers and compared their classification accuracy based on ground-truthing. We found that RF performed a significantly accurate acreage assessment (kappa coefficient 0.84) compared to SVM (0.68). The CASA model was then used to calculate the winter crop (Rabi, winter-sown, and summer harvested) wheat net primary productivity (NPP) in the study area for the 2020–2021 growth season using the RF-based acreage product. The model used for wheat NPP-yield conversion (CASA) showed 3100.27 to 5000.44 kg/ha over 148,866 ha of the total wheat area. The results showed that in the 2020–2021 growing season, all the districts of Uttar Pradesh had similar wheat growth trends. A total of 30 observational data points were used to verify the CASA model-based estimates of wheat yield. Field-based verification shows that the estimated yield correlates well with the observed yield (R2 = 0.554, RMSE = 3.36 Q/ha, MAE −0.56 t ha−1, and MRE = −4.61%). Such an accuracy for assessing regional wheat yield can prove to be one of the promising methods for calculating the whole region’s agricultural yield. The study concludes that RF classifier-based yield estimation has shown more accurate results and can meet the requirements of a regional-scale wheat grain yield estimation and, thus, can prove highly beneficial in policy and decision making.

Awareness about Horticultural Supply Chain Management among Farmers of Lucknow and Kanpur Region of Uttar Pradesh

In our country, a lot of changes have been occurred in the way of Agribusiness operation especially in horticultural. Besides the price of the product the numbers of factors are taken into consideration during deciding on a purchase of these commodities such as appearance, convenience and also perceived quality. It is critically important that understanding of supply chain management at primary level to maintain quality of horticultural commodities, which contribute in production, packing, storage, transport, distribution up to end users. Those who understand how the supply chain can be optimised, they can improve logistic processes to get enhanced customer satisfaction, loyalty, lower costs and also maximum share in end uses’ price. In order of these aspects, this study was conducted in two districts of Uttar Pradesh, to know the farmers’ awareness about horticultural supply chain management. Using data from a questionnaire survey conducted among 120 respondents, the study assesses the level of awareness about five aspects of horticultural supply chain management. The study indicates that maximum farmers (32.5 per cent) in Uttar Pradesh aware that packaging and transportation are main components of supply chain management in horticultural. Therefore, from the practical standpoint of view, it is need to increase awareness among farmers of Lucknow and Kanpur region, Uttar Pradesh about importance and holistic approach in horticultural supply chain management.

Effect of spatio-temporal variables, host fish species and on-farm biosecurity measures on the prevalence of potentially pathogenic Aeromonas species in freshwater fish farms

To determine the prevalence of Aeromonas species in freshwater fish farms, factors affecting their prevalence and virulence factors associated with each species. In a cross-sectional study from 128 farms in four districts of Uttar Pradesh, India, 11 species of Aeromonas were identified by gyrB sequencing including the first report of Aeromonas crassostreae from fish. Four species of Aeromonas were more prevalent (MP) in fish farms, A. veronii bv. sobria (50.0%) was the highest, followed by A. caviae (18.8%), A. veronii bv. veronii (11.7%) and A. dhakensis (7.0%). The less prevalent (LP) species were A. hydrophila, A. media, A. jandaei, A. allosaccharophila, A. salmonicida, A. crassostreae and A. taiwanensis. Spatial variation in the prevalence of Aeromonas species was observed. Dominance of biovar sobria ranged from 33.3 to 68.6%, notably lesser in farms with on-farm biosecurity measures. The prevalence of biovar veronii was significantly associated with pangas fish, rainy season and farms with on-farm biosecurity measures. The prevalence of LP species was significantly higher in mrigal fish and winter season. Multiple virulence factors (>6) were detected in 70.2% of the Aeromonas species. Significant association of β-hemolysin, DNase, slime production, act, ahh1, aexT and lip was observed with different species of Aeromonas. Moreover, 75.8% of Aeromonas species possessed one or more enterotoxins genes (act/alt/ast). Significant association of spatio-temporal variables, host fish species and on-farm biosecurity measures were observed on the prevalence of some of the Aeromonas species in freshwater fish farms. Most of the Aeromonas species harboured virulence factors indicating their potential for pathogenicity. This is the first study that determined the prevalence and identified the factors that affect the prevalence of Aeromonas species in freshwater fish farms. This information will be useful in managing Aeromonas infection in fish and their risks to public health.

Impact of frontline demonstrations on yield of pulse crops in different districts of Uttar Pradesh

Impact of frontline demonstrations on yield of pulse crops in different districts of Uttar Pradesh

Assessment of knowledge and their practices regarding malaria among members of Village Health Sanitation Committee in rural Uttar Pradesh: A cross-sectional study.

Background:In 2019, the global number of malaria cases was estimated at 229 million. An estimated 409,000 deaths were attributed to malaria in 2019. Under-five children are the most susceptible to malaria, accounting for 67% (274,000) of all malaria deaths worldwide in 2019. This study aimed to assess knowledge and practices regarding malaria among Village Health Sanitation Committee (VHSC) members in rural Uttar Pradesh.Methodology:This cross-sectional study was conducted in the villages of four districts of Uttar Pradesh with high malaria burden. In the present study, 484 participants were interviewed from four districts of Uttar Pradesh.Results:Nearly all the participants (97.1%) have heard about malaria. Majority of the participants (97.1) were aware that mosquito bites spread malaria. However, many participants were also having a false awareness that malaria is spread by other modes like drinking contaminated water, touching each other, eating contaminated food, and so on. More than half of the participants told that mosquitoes are responsible for malaria breeds in stagnant clean water (25.6%) and stagnant dirty water (28.5%). Nearly half of them were aware that mosquitoes’ biting time was sunset (42.1%) and sunrise (7.8%).Conclusion:In the present study, many participants were having a false awareness that malaria is spread by other modes like drinking contaminated water, touching each other, eating contaminated food, and so on. Even the knowledge regarding any government program for the prevention and control of malaria of the mosquitoes was very weak. There is an urgent requirement of increasing knowledge among the VHSC members to reduce the malaria burden in the country.