Service District Research Articles

Keterkaitan Belanja Pemerintah terhadap PDRB Perkapita Kabupaten/Kota di Sulawesi Tenggara

The issuance of Law No. 1 of 2022 as a complement to Law No. 23 of 2004 concerning financial relations between the central and regional governments. Fiscal transfer policies are becoming more selective in seeing local needs. However, this needs to be supported by good fiscal management in the regions to carry out development activities that have an impact on increasing income that is more evenly distributed between regions and communities. One of the important instruments of fiscal decentralization is the management of government spending. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between government spending and per capita income in Southeast Sulawesi. The units of observation analyzed are gross regional domestic product per capita in the previous year, personnel expenditures, goods and services expenditures, capital expenditures, HDI, district and city dummy variables. The model approach in the calculation is panel data regression analysis from 2016-2020. Based on the test results, the probability (F-statistics) is obtained, the equation of income per capita the Hausman test > 0.05, then the random effect model (REM) equation is the best model choice. The results of the analysis show all independent variables have a strong relationship with the dependent variable in the model which is shown by an R-square of 0.982. Variables that show significant effect on the increase in percapita income are (𝐺𝑅𝐷𝑃𝑝𝑟𝑘(𝑡−1)), goods and services expenditure, capital expenditure and HDI, while personnel expenditure has a negative effect on per capita income for both districts and cities in Southeast Sulawesi Province.

STRATEGI PEMERINTAH DALAM UPAYA PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT PADA DINAS PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DAN DESA KABUPATEN MALANG TAHUN 2022

This research was conducted to find out the Government's programs and strategies in community empowerment efforts, at the community and village empowerment offices in Malang Regency, in accordance with the mandate of Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government. Regional Government is the administration of government affairs by the regional government and regional people's representative councils according to the principle of autonomy and co-administration with the principle of broadest autonomy. This research was conducted at the community empowerment service and Malang district villages using qualitative descriptive. The determination of informants was carried out using a porposive sampling technique and then the data found was analyzed by reducing data, presenting data and drawing conclusions. The results of this study show that the government's strategy in community empowerment efforts at the community empowerment service and Malang district villages as a whole has been running effectively. But there needs to be continuous improvement so that what the government hopes for can be realized. The supporting factor is the existence of good cooperation between the village apparatus and the community itself.

Assessment of Applicability and Usefulness of the Messages Delivered by Kisan Mobile Advisory Service as Perceived by the Beneficiaries of KVK, Raipur

This study investigates the applicability and usefulness of messages delivered by the Kisan Mobile Advisory Service in the Raipur district of Chhattisgarh. A total of 120 farmers were chosen at random from 10 villages in two blocks, Arang and Abhanpur for the purpose of study. The study reveals that the applicability of messages related to pest management were perceived ‘always applicable’ by 85.84 per cent respondents with highest overall MPS (92.92).Likewise the applicability of messages related to disease management were perceived ‘always applicable’ by 85 per cent respondent farmers with second highest overall MPS (92.5).While the messages related to fisheries were reported least applicable with overall MPS (8). As far as the usefulness is concerned the respondents believed that the messages were useful in improving the agriculture knowledge, Nursery management in different crops, Nutrient management, Increases farm yield while the messages where least useful in Creating awareness about health and hygiene. The overall usefulness of the messages was found to be moderate by 55.84% respondents, most useful by 35% and less useful by 9.16% respondents.

Medical, social and demographic characteristics of tuberculosis patients among the female military and female family members of the military

Relevance. Health preservation and promotion of among female population is fundamental for healthy demographics and national safety of the Russian Federation. Nowadays the female military make up approximately 8% of active military corps of the Russian Federation Armed Forces. At the same time, service in the army spans within active reproductive age. A woman’s health is largely determined by her social status, level of education, marital status, stress resistance and other factors.The objective is to assess medical, social and demographic characteristics of tuberculosis among social groups of the female military and female family members of the military.Methods. Individual and community medical records (medical histories, annual reports of healthcare services in military districts) were analyzed to identify medical, social and demographic characteristics of the female military, infected with tuberculosis (group 1, n = 62), and female family members of the military (group 2, n = 38), who had received treatment in the referral military medical institution from 2012 throughout 2021. Mathematical and statistic processing were carried out using Statistica10.0 software packages.Results and discussion. Nowadays, tuberculosis incidence in the female military of the Russian Armed Forces is within the limits of epidemic well-being. Unlike general Russian population, no case of HIV infection was detected among the female military infected with tuberculosis and having undergone medical examination from 2012 throughout 2021. A lot of healthcare professionals (17.7%) were registered among the tuberculosis-infected female family members of the military. Clinical forms of tuberculosis were dominated by infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis (48.4%). Concomitant diseases in the studied cohort of tuberculosis-infected female patients were prevailed by gynecological (35.4%), endocrine (17.7%) and cardiovascular (12.9%) disorders.Conclusion. In the future the study of social, demographic and clinical characteristics of tuberculosis in the female military and female family members of the military allows to provide more targeted prevention, treatment and rehabilitation.

"Fruits of our past karma": a qualitative study on knowledge and attitudes about congenital anomalies among women in Pune district, India.

Congenital anomalies are distressing events for future parents/parents when a foetal anomaly is detected during pregnancy or when the infant is born with a disability ora congenital disorder. Maternal health services in India do not provide information on these disorders as part of routine activities. The objective is to understand women's knowledge and attitude on causes, prevention, rights; attituted towards disability; and knowledge on medical care, rehabilitation, and welfare services in Pune district, India, with the goal of identifying the contents of birth defects education resources. The study used a qualitative descriptive design. Six focus group discussions were conducted with 24 women from Pune district. Qualitative content analysis was used to identify emergent themes. Three themes emerged. Firstly, women's knowledge on congenital anomalies was limited. These conditions were discussed generally with other adverse pregnancy experiences, and with reference to children with disabilities. Secondly, pregnancy termination for conditions considered untreatable was majorly advocated by most women. Directive counselling for pregnancy termination by doctors was common. Thirdly, stigmatizing attitudes were responsible for children with disabilities being considered a burden, for maternal blaming, and for the stigma and isolation of families. Knowledge on rehabilitation was limited. The study identified that participants. Three target groups and contents for birth defects education were identified. Women's resources should include knowledge on preconception and antenatal opportunities for reducing risks, available medical care, and legal rights. Parents' resources should provide information on treatment, rehabilitation, legal provisions, and rights of disabled children. Resources for the general community should additionally include disability sensitization messages to ensure the inclusion of children with congenital disabilities.

Who Benefits from Special District Service Delivery?: Water Affordability in the United States

Despite decades of controversy about the relationship between special districts and public policy, questions remain about the impact of government specialization on service delivery. In this paper, we explore one aspect of this debate, how special districts impact equity in the costs of service delivery, using water affordability as our empirical case. Two dominant views of special districts have emerged from the literature that are relevant to our empirical exploration. The first asserts that special districts are a form of “shadow government,” set up for the benefits of developers and other special interests and unaccountable to the general population. The second claims that special districts fit into a polycentric vision of local government, better representing the interests of residents due to their singular policy focus, and improving residents’ ability to pinpoint politicians responsible for specific services. Using an original dataset of all public water utility in the United States serving over 40,000 people and two measures of water affordability, we quantitatively test whether special districts have systematically less affordable water rates. We find some evidence that this is the case, additionally finding that the gap in affordability grows as community poverty levels increase.

Website redesign in a maternity setting: Co-designing a resource for consumer support and education

Women want to be informed about their healthcare. Google searches provide an accessible option for women during pregnancy, but the content is largely unmonitored. Women have expressed dissatisfaction and confusion about receiving conflicting information from clinicians across the maternity service. It is essential for providers to offer person-centred care and listen to the voices of consumers. If the aim is to provide a service women want to use, women must have the opportunity to voice what they want. The local health district (LHD) maternity website development project aimed to redesign maternity website pages over 12 months to meet community needs and increase hits to the site by 70% within six months. Consumers were approached to participate through maternity services in a regional Australian health district where approximately 3,500 babies are born yearly. In a three-phase participatory action research study, researchers identified the areas of concern for consumers, worked with them to co-design and implement a new website, and evaluated the changes. Almost 20% of women who birthed from January to March 2022 responded to the evaluation survey. Half of these had explored the website. After the upgrades, the number of hits to the district website service page increased by 875 (from 124 to 999). Post-development surveys showed that women who felt they received inconsistent information at the hospital during their pregnancy were more likely to visit the website for clarification (p = 0.009). Of women who visited the website, 78% found the information useful, and 73% said they would use it again. This study highlighted that women engaging in maternity services desire access to relevant, quality information through digital technology. Maternity website development improvements increased patient satisfaction and reduced confusion, providing a reliable source of accessible health information for consumers.

Adoption of Fiber Optic Broadband Internet Services among Law Firms in Nairobi Central Business District in Enhancing Their Performance

Purpose: The aim of this study was to establish the factors influencing enhancement in adoption of fiber optic broadband internet services among Law Firms in Nairobi central business district.
 Methodology: The current study incorporated descriptive research design where the target population was the 52 law firms that provide legal services in Nairobi central business district. The study conducted a census survey by covering all the units in the population. The study used primary data which was collected by administering semi-structured questionnaires. Quantitative statistics involved descriptive and inferential statistics. Qualitative data collected from the open-ended part of the questionnaire was analyzed using content analysis and the results were presented in prose form. Results were then be presented in tables, diagrams and charts.
 Findings: The findings showed that there is a direct and strong relationship between government policy, market access, information technology and competition strategy and the adoption of fibre optic broadband internet services among law firms in Nairobi central business district. The regression findings revealed those government policy, market access, information technology and competition and the adoption of fibre optic broadband internet services among law firms in Nairobi central business district in enhancing their performance.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Based on the provided information, the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Modern Portfolio Theory, and Diffusion of Innovation Theory were validated in the study. The study recommends that the government should reduce the regulations on penetration of fiber optics by telecommunication companies. This will increase the rate at which the fibre optic broadband internet services are adopted by firms in Kenya. It also recommends that firms should embrace and incorporate fibre optic broadband internet services in market access strategies such as payer perspectives, and pragmatic, viable solutions early, also conducting market research and analysis in order to thrive in today’s advancing world of technology.

An Analytical Approach for Dispatch Operations of Emergency Medical Services: A Case Study of COVID-19

Emergency medical services (EMS) aims to deliver timely ambulatory care to incidents in communities. However, the operations of EMS may contend with suddenly increasing demands resulting from unexpected disasters such as disease outbreaks (e.g., COVID-19) or hurricanes. To this end, it usually requires better strategical decisions to dispatch, allocate, and reallocate EMS resources to meet the demand changes over time in terms of demographic and geographic distribution of incidents. In this study, we focus on the operation of the EMS resources (i.e., ambulance dispatch) in response to a demand disruption amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, we present a analytical framework to (1) analyze the underlying demographic and geographic patterns of emergency incidents and EMS resources; (2) develop a mathematical programming model to identify potential demand gaps of EMS coverage across different districts; and (3) provide a remedial reallocation solution to the EMS system with the existing ambulance capacity. The proposed method is validated with emergency response incident data in New York City for the first COVID-19 surge from March to April 2020. We found that it takes a long incident response time to scenes which reflects unexpected incident demands during COVID-19 surge. To cover such disruptive demands, ambulances need to be reallocated between service districts while meeting the response time standard. The proposed framework can be potentially applied to similar disruptive scenarios in the future and other operational systems disrupted by other disasters.HighlightsWe propose an analytical framework using optimization modeling and simulation techniques for EMS resource allocation in response to a demand disruption amid the COVID-19 pandemic.We propose mathematical programming models to identify potential demand gaps of EMS coverage across different districts.We provide a remedial reallocation solution to the EMS system with the existing ambulance capacity.

Nurses' and patients' experiences of family planning services in a rural district, South Africa.

Family planning (FP) is a key component of primary health care (PHC). Nurses are the first source of FP information to women outside their social context. There is a paucity of research regarding clients' lived experiences of FP, particularly understanding both the client's and the healthcare worker's experiences in the same clinical context and community. This study aims to explore the lived experiences of nurses and female clients regarding FP services at PHC clinics. Two PHC clinics in a rural sub-district in South Africa. A descriptive qualitative study using semi-structured interviews was conducted. Clients and nurses were selected using criterion-based purposive sampling and interviewed by female research assistants in a home language in a private setting. Transcription and translation of audio recordings were done. Data were analysed inductively using the framework method. Ten clients and eight nurses were interviewed, with an equal number from each clinic. The median age of clients was 28.5 years and of nurses was 47.5 years. Four themes emerged: (1) Stigma, culture and the teenage girl; (2) Bad effects - the Big Five, clustered around weight changes, blood blockages and abnormal bleeding, pain, fertility and cancer; (3) FP social dynamics; and (4) FP and the health system. Family planning is highly moralised and stigmatised. Negative effects of FP were not adequately recognised by the health system. Family planning outreach into the community and dedicated FP resources at clinics were suggestions to improve the service.Contribution: This work helps to better understand patients' experiences of family planning services.

Barriers to access to antiretroviral therapy by people living with HIV in an indonesian remote district during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study

BackgroundCoronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has a significant influence on the access to healthcare services. This study aimed to understand the views and experiences of people living with HIV (PLHIV) about barriers to their access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) service in Belu district, Indonesia, during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThis qualitative inquiry employed in-depth interviews to collect data from 21 participants who were recruited using a snowball sampling technique. Data analysis was guided by a thematic framework analysis.ResultsThe findings showed that fear of contracting COVID-19 was a barrier that impeded participants’ access to ART service. Such fear was influenced by their awareness of their vulnerability to the infection, the possibility of unavoidable physical contact in public transport during a travelling to HIV clinic and the widespread COVID-19 infection in healthcare facilities. Lockdowns, COVID-19 restrictions and lack of information about the provision of ART service during the pandemic were also barriers that impeded their access to the service. Other barriers included the mandatory regulation for travellers to provide their COVID-19 vaccine certificate, financial difficulty, and long-distance travel to the HIV clinic.ConclusionsThe findings indicate the need for dissemination of information about the provision of ART service during the pandemic and the benefits of COVID-19 vaccination for the health of PLHIV. The findings also indicate the need for new strategies to bring ART service closer to PLHIV during the pandemic such as a community-based delivery system. Future large-scale studies exploring views and experiences of PLHIV about barriers to their access to ART service during the COVID-19 pandemic and new intervention strategies are recommended.

ANTECEDENT IN DEVELOPING VILLAGE ECONOMIC CENTER IN REMBANG DISTRICT CENTRAL JAVA INDONESIA

Local economic development is one of the Indonesia national development strategy in order to achieve sustainable development goals. Villages sustainable development goals will contribute to the local economic development. Establishing a village economic centre is one of the strategy to support village sustainable development. Rembang district located in Northern Java has potential production on various agribusiness products. A village economic centre in Rembang will play a key role for villages development. Collaboration program among village’s stakeholders such as between education institution with the village community are important namely community services. A community service in Rembang district was done to educate the community on how important to conduct feasibility study and analysis before execute various development strategy such as technology, information system and human resource development. The result of this community service was an understanding and commitment from village stakeholders that continuous village economic centre have to be established based on feasibility study

Exploring the feasibility of integrating health, nutrition and stimulation interventions for children under three years in Nepal's health system: A qualitative study.

Community-based primary care settings are a potential entry point for delivering Early Childhood Development (ECD) interventions in Nepal. Past studies have suggested that integrating stimulation with nutrition interventions is an effective way to deliver multiple benefits for children, but there is limited knowledge of how to do this in Nepal. We conducted a qualitative study in Nepal's Dhanusha district to explore how stimulation interventions for early learning could be integrated into existing health and nutrition programmes within the public health system. Between March and April 2021, we completed semi-structured interviews with caregivers (n = 18), health service providers (n = 4), district (n = 1) and national stakeholders (n = 4), as well as policymakers (n = 3). We also carried out focus group discussions with Female Community Health Volunteers (FCHVs) (n = 2) and health facility operation and management committee members (n = 2). We analysed data using the framework method. Respondents were positive about introducing stimulation interventions into maternal and child health and nutrition services. They thought that using health system structures would help in the implementation of integrated interventions. Respondents also highlighted that local governments play a lead role in decision-making but must be supported by provincial and national governments and external agencies. Key factors impeding the integration of stimulation into national programmes included a lack of intersectoral collaboration, poor health worker competency, increased workload for FCHVs, financial constraints, a lack of prioritisation of ECD and inadequate capacity in local governments. Key barriers influencing the uptake of intervention by community members included lack of knowledge about stimulation, caregivers' limited time, lack of paternal engagement, poverty, religious or caste discrimination, and social restrictions for newlywed women and young mothers. There is an urgent need for an effective coordination mechanism between ministries and within all three tiers of government to support the integration and implementation of scalable ECD interventions in rural Nepal.

Dis-labeling the Ables: The Overrepresentation of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students Receiving Special Education Services

There are significant changes in the education system’s demographics due to the increased immigration into the United States. A growing demographic has unique characteristics and academic needs for educators to recognize. This lack of understanding often causes the misidentification of culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) students as having special educational needs. The present research examined the factors contributing to the overrepresentation of CLD students receiving special education services in an urban school district in the Midwestern United States. Through a qualitative phenomenological study of six CLD families regarding their perceptions of their children’s evaluation for special education services, three themes emerged: inaccurate screenings, grade retention, and parental lack of awareness of special education services. Based on these findings, this research calls for preparing teachers to provide culturally responsive services, carefully identifying culturally and linguistically diverse students, and educating CLD parents about special education services in their native language.

Optimalisasi Tugas dan Fungsi Camat dalam Pelayanan Publik Kecamatan Siritaun Wida Timur Kabupaten Seram Bagian Timur

The purpose of this study is to describe the optimization of the duties and functions of the sub-district head in public services in District of Siritaun Widatimur. This study uses qualitative research methods through observation, interviews and documentation. The data was obtained at the Siritaun Widatimur sub-district office through the sub-district head, sub-district secretary, officials, five community leaders and five youth leaders. This study aims to determine the duties and functions of the sub-district head in providing services to the community in the Siritaun Widatimur sub-district. The results of this study indicate that the functions and duties of the sub-district head in providing public services are considered good, although there are some individuals or individuals who are not professional in doing their work.

A Spatial Analysis of Educational Services in The Center of Erbil Plain District

Instructional services are one of the most important services provided to the population because it is one of the basic human needs and through it can be built civilization and to make social progress and development. Therefore, it has been found necessary to conduct a study on the spatial analysis of instructional services in district of Erbil countryside because education as an integrated working system and a number of interconnected elements, in which they play a role and complement each other. The aim of the study is to determine the distribution of instructional services and their level of competencies relative to the local population. For this purpose, the study is divided into three main sections. Section one presents the theoretical framework of the study and the distribution of instructional services. In the second part, we conducted an analysis of the location of instructional services in the city. The third section focuses on the assessment of the functional competencies of Instructional services.

Determine Communication channels used by smallholder farmers to access climate services in Musanze district

There is a significant threat on the African continent caused by climate change and limited practical options for adaptation and mitigation. Food security is becoming a serious problem and the agricultural sector which is the backbone of the Rwandan economy is severely impacted by climate shocks. The Musanze district's smallholder farmers access and use climate services to lessen the effects of extreme events of weather and climate. The conceptual structure is one method used by Rwanda Meteorological Agency to provide farmers with climatic services. Farmers employ a variety of modes to acquire climate services from the service providers for the purposes of planning, adaptation, and mitigation. Researchers, development partners, Ministries/Agencies, and others get climate products, which are then made available to farmers to support them make informed decisions. The survey was also carried out by engaging smallholder farmers using open-ended questions from key-format interviews, providing thorough information on how climate services are very vital and essential to the farmers. The findings indicated that the most commonly used products in planning and decision-making of agricultural activities are monthly bulletins, impact-based early warning information, daily weather forecasts and seasonal forecasts. The age, farmer’s income and the availability of equipment’s for accessing climate services contributed greatly to the readiness to use climate information. The availability of climatic services contributed to better selection of seeds and timing of pests and disease prevention. The most widely used modes of accessing climate services were radio, television, social media, and short messaging services. The objective of the study is to determine communication channels used by smallholder farmers to access climate services.

The impact of a decentralised orthopaedic service on tertiary referrals in Cape Town, South Africa.

In South Africa (SA), district hospitals (DHs) have limited capacity to manage the high burden of traumatic injuries. Scaling up decentralised orthopaedic care could strengthen trauma systems and improve timely access to essential and emergency surgical care (EESC). Khayelitsha township in Cape Town, SA, has the highest trauma burden in the Cape Metro East health district. The primary objective of this study was to describe the impact of Khayelitsha District Hospital (KDH) on acute orthopaedic services in the health district, with a focus on the volume and type of orthopaedic services provided without tertiary referral. This retrospective analysis described acute orthopaedic cases from Khayelitsha and their management between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2019. Orthopaedic resources and the proportion of cases referred to the tertiary hospital by all DHs in the Cape Metro East health district are described. In 2018 - 2019, KDH performed 2 040 orthopaedic operations, of which 91.3% were urgent or emergencies. KDH had the most orthopaedic resources and the lowest referral ratio (0.18) compared with other DHs (0.92 - 1.35). In Khayelitsha, 2 402 acute orthopaedic cases presented to community health clinics. Trauma (86.1%) was the most common mechanism of injury for acute orthopaedic referrals. Of clinic cases, 2 229 (92.8%) were referred to KDH and 173 (7.2%) directly to the tertiary hospital. The most common reason for direct tertiary referral was condition related (n=157; 90.8%). This study outlines a successful example of a decentralised orthopaedic surgical service that increased EESC accessibility and alleviated the high burden of tertiary referrals compared with other DHs with fewer resources. Further research on the barriers to scaling up orthopaedic DH capacity in SA is needed to improve equitable access to surgical care.

Availability of rehabilitation services for communication disorders in Sri Lanka: a cross-sectional survey

ObjectivesTo describe the rehabilitation services available for communication disorders in Sri Lanka and to estimate the adequacy of the services in provinces and districts of the country.SettingThe study considered government...

Case Study of Drinking Water Distribution Network System PERUMDA Delta Tirta Water Treatment Plant (IPA) Tawangsari Service Zone Taman District and Waru District

The water loss rate according to the Minister of Public Works and Public Housing of the Republic of Indonesia No. 27/PRT/M/2016 at the maximum limit is 20%, but at the PERUMDA Delta Tirta water loss rate in the Taman Subistrict service zone is 27.48, the Waru Subdistrict service zone I the water loss rate is 32.28% and the service zone of Waru II District the water loss rate is 20.52%. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of water loss in the service zone of the Taman District and the Waru District service zone. The evaluation method for the Tawangsari IPA distribution network is using the Epanet 2.0 software simulation with water pressure in the pipes and water velocity in the pipes compared to the Minister of Public Works and Public Housing of the Republic of Indonesia No. 27/PRT/M/2016. The water pressure in the pipe in the Taman Subdistrict service zone is 55.18 m, the water velocity in the pipe is 0.1 m/s and the water pressure in the pipe in the Waru District service zone is 59.57 m, the water velocity in the pipe is 1.58 m/s. Optimization of the Tawangsari WTP distribution network system in the Taman Subistrict service zone and the Waru Subdistrict service zone, namely by changing the pump head. Replacing the pump head is one of the solutions to eliminate excessive pressure and reduce damage to the pipe.