Northeast District Research Articles

The Spatial Relationship between Drug Abuse and Home Burglaries: Northeast District of Penang

This study to identify the relationship between dependent and independent variables as well as the spatial correlation between drug abuse cases and home burglary cases in Northeast District of Penang. The OLS regression was used to examine the relationship between the home burglary cases and drug abuse as well as the spatial correlation of drug abuse and home burglary cases based on Moran’s I. The increase of home burglary cases was proportional to the increase the number of cases in local drug abuse. In spatial context, the drug abuse and home burglary cases showed a positive correlation. Plus, this indicated that the spatial relationship between the two cases were proportional. The use of GIS application helps the authorities such as AADK, PDRM and local authorities to understand crime and drug abuse in time-space context. The space elements emphasized the issues related to drug and crimes, and assisting relevant authorities in strategy planning to reduce crime index and drug problems. GIS is used to conduct research on locations or spaces and new approaches to assist authorities in making decisions and strategies related to crime and drugs.

The Spatial Relationship between Drug Abuse and Home Burglaries: Northeast District of Penang

The Spatial Relationship between Drug Abuse and Home Burglaries: Northeast District of Penang

The Research on the Impact Factor of Divorce Rates in Northeast China

The dramatically increasing number of divorces in China over the past two decades had become an issue that closely related to the development of China. At the same time, the skyrocketing divorce rate in the Northeast district topped the rank of divorce rate in China. Although the uphill trend is a common challenge to all the provinces in China, the trend in the three provinces, Heilongjiang, Liaoning and Jilin seem unstoppable. This paper explored the former research and two widely recognized theories, extracting some theoretical direction from it. Then, some points from the former researches and some changes in the society were studied, together with the latest statistics, some possible factors that trigger off the divorce heat are concluded. Finally, this paper proposed some feasible solutions for Chinese authorities to curb the ever-increasing divorce rate.

The impacts of land supply on PM2.5 concentration: Evidence from 292 cities in China from 2009 to 2017

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development proposes to considerably reduce the number of deaths and diseases caused by air pollution. It pays special attention to attaining this via urban air governance and management. Although the development of China's air governance has been a lengthy process, there is no indication of instituting a plan based on land supply (LS) in the foreseeable future. This paper introduces a novel perspective of the role of LS in managing air pollution, and builds a comprehensive analysis framework that includes the quantity, structure, and price of LS for management of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5). The dynamic relationship between LS and PM2.5 is revealed by a panel-data vector autoregression model on a district scale. The study found that: (1) The Central District has the highest average annual PM2.5 concentration in China from the year 2009–2017. (2) The supply of the four types of land—industrial and mining storage land (IMSL), commercial and business facilities land (CBFL), residential land (RL), and other land (OL)—showed increase in the Central District, while only IMSL decreased in the Western District. The supply of IMSL decreased the most in the Northeast District, and in the Eastern District, only the supply of OL increased. (3) In the Northeast District, the quantity, structure, and price of LS have no significant effect on PM2.5 concentration. However, in China, the Eastern District, and Central District, the bidding, auction, and listing prices have a significant negative effect on the PM2.5 concentration. As for the Western District, it exhibits not only the “negative price effect,” but also the “negative quantity effect.” In future, the government should adopt different strategies: (1) For China, the Eastern District, and Central District, the bidding, auction, and listing prices should be further increased; (2) In the Western District, local government should also focus on expanding the area of LS.

Agent based simulation with data driven parameterization for evaluation of social acceptance of a geothermal development: a case study in Tsuchiyu, Fukushima, Japan

Development of geothermal power plants and local geothermal energy initiatives have lagged due to the social problems such as conflicts with stakeholders such as Onsen (Hot Spa) owners, despite the abundant geothermal resources. Study area was Tsuchiyu Onsen in Fukushima prefecture, Tohoku (Northeast) District, Japan, where the Great East Japan Earthquake and Fukushima Nuclear Accident occurred in 2011, and the reconstruction and local initiatives of geothermal energy were still unclear. Agent-based modeling is an effective methodology for modeling and analysis of opinion formation. Parameter estimation method was proposed to extract appropriate parameters from various factors through a Bayesian Network. The characteristics of stakeholders and communities that affected opinion formation in the survey area were successfully extracted. Here we show the sufficient methodology to quantify the characteristics of each person using survey data, and to extract the parameters of the agent by data-driven inverse analysis. By using this methodology, we could reproduce opinion diversity, which is a property of opinion formation in real communities. This result suggests that the model replicates the actual formation of opinion in Tsuchiyu, where the economy was boosted by the construction of a binary cycle power plant.

The impact of COVID-19 on a cohort of origin residents and internal migrants from South Africa's rural northeast

South Africa has a large temporary migrant population with people commonly moving to metropolitan areas to access employment, while maintaining links with their rural origin households. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted patterns of movement, livelihoods and health seeking, and the effects on internal, temporary migrants are unclear. Using longitudinal data spanning 2018 to 2020, this paper employs descriptive statistics and regression analyses to assess the impacts of COVID-19 on a cohort of 2971 persons aged 18–40 at baseline, both residents and migrants, from a rural district in South Africa's northeast. In contrast with 2018–2019, in 2020 the share of rural residents initiating a migration decreased by 11 percentage points (p<0.001), while the share of temporary migrants returning to origin households increased by 5 percentage points (p<0.001). Study participants who were continuing migrants reported fewer job losses in comparison with rural-stayers, while 76% of return migrants who were employed in 2019 were no longer employed in 2020. Further, among those who did not experience food shortages in 2019, rural-stayers had 1.42 times the odds of continuing migrants of suffering shortages in 2020. In 2020 health service use in the cohort decreased overall, with return migrants having still lower odds of utilising health services. The results highlight the differential geographic and socioeconomic manifestations of the pandemic, with worsening socioeconomic circumstances observed for rural-staying (disproportionately female) and returning populations, while continuing migrants fared relatively better. It is vital that a COVID-19 response considers the potentially heterogeneous impact of the pandemic on mobile and stable populations. Policy responses may include targeting migrants at their destinations in health promotion of COVID-19 messaging, and strengthening health care and social support in origin communities in recognition that these areas receive return migrants into their catchment population.

Pendidikan Perempuan di Kawasan Perbatasan dalam Perspektif Sosial Budaya Suku Galela

This article aims to determine the socio-cultural perspective of the Galela Tribe towards women's education in border areas. The problem is focused on equal distribution of education for women in Morotai Island Regency as the border area of Indonesia and the Philippines. This study used a qualitative approach, data was collected through in-depth interview and observation techniques. Sources of data in this study were women from the Galela Tribe residing in the village of Sakita, North Morotai District, Mira Village, East District, and Momojiu Village, South Morotai District, selected by purposive sampling. The three villages are the oldest traditional villages in Kab. Morotai Island, which used to be the villages of the Moro Kingdom, until now these villages are traditional villages. The results of the study conclude that it is true that there is a view that women are not important to get education for their lives, but along with the times, women from the Galela tribe have begun to gain access to education even to college.

English

Weaning is an important milestone in a baby&rsquo;s life and weaning practices are strongly associated with culture of a society. The use of traditional foods is important since they contain vital nutrients and essential vitamins important for the proper maintenance of human health, especially for children who are often vulnerable to malnutrition and diseases. The focus of this study was to identify traditional weaning foods with public health potential for complementary feeding. The study was conducted in six villages in the Northeast District of Botswana.&nbsp; The qualitative research comprised focus group discussions, key informants, and non-participant observation. The target population were women in childbearing age, which is between 20 and 40 years, including fathers, local chiefs, older women, and men who have been residing in the villages over a long time and are knowledgeable with the traditional foods consumed. Traditional food stuffs such as cereals, legumes, fruits and vegetables and animal and animal products were identified and perceived by the respondents to have health and nutrition benefits. Different traditional processing methods were identified. There is a need to promote the consumption of traditional foods in a bid to improve nutrition and health security in Botswana. &nbsp; Key words: Traditional foods, weaning foods, food processing, nutritional values, food security.

Role clarification for local institutions: a missing link in multi-level adaptation planning? Insights from a multiple case study in Botswana

ABSTRACT The meaningful engagement of community-based actors in climate change adaptation planning is crucial for effective plans, but achieving it is an ongoing challenge, even with participatory methods. In this paper we explore very different approach, using shared-values crystallization as a pre-process to standard vulnerability risk assessments (VRAs), which recently reported significant impacts on plans produced. We posit this could be due to learning via changed local perceptions of roles, and we use multiple-case study work with five Village Development Committees (VDCs) in North East District, Botswana, and examine VRA outputs, and pre- and post-VRA interview transcripts, for evidence. Findings indicate that VDC members who took part in the shared-values pre-process significantly clarified and prioritized their general roles, and subsequently engaged more deeply in the planning process, taking more responsibility and ownership for the final adaptation plans. They related climate risks to their local lived-realities better, producing quality action plans, funding innovations and mainstreaming of adaptation into wider local plans, alongside an eagerness to present ideas to higher-governance levels. These findings suggest the shared-values pre-process could be immediately valuable for multilevel adaptation planning practices, and that the concept of role clarification deserves more specific consideration in academic studies on participation.

An Eco-Epidemiological Study on Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Central Iran.

Background:Leishmaniasis is an expanding neglected tropical disease in the world reporting from 98 countries including Iran. This study focused on eco-epidemiological determinants of the disease following a rapid and unexpected increase of leishmaniasis incidence in a strategic residential district in North-East of Isfahan County, Iran.Methods:This study was accomplished from Apr 2012 to Jan 2014 in a strategic residential zone in North-East of Isfahan County, Esfahan, Iran. Monthly activity, parity, Leishmania infection and susceptibility tests, were determined on sand flies. Some portion of inhabitants and school children were surveyed to find active or passive cases of leishmaniasis and also wild rodents were collected to determine reservoir host.Results:Totally 5223 sand flies belonging to Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia genus were collected and identified; Ph. papa-tasi was the dominant species and started to appear in May and disappeared in Oct. The majority of living dissected sand flies were unfed and parous. Ph. papatasi showed 4.6% Leishmania infection through direct examination and 39.54% by nested-PCR respectively. Phlebotomus papatasi was susceptible against deltametrin 0.05%. Totally 2149 people were surveyed and incidence and prevalence of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis estimated as 45.39 and 314.40 per 1000 population. Rodents showed 73.91% and 80% Leishmania infection by direct examination and nested-PCR respectively.Conclusion:Cutaneous leishmaniasis due to L. major has been established in this area. Rodent control operation and personal protection are highly recommended to control the disease in this focus.

The feasibility of a public-private mix program on pulmonary tuberculosis screening in Penang: A pilot study.

The low detection rate of tuberculosis (TB) cases in Malaysia remains a challenge in the effort to end TB by 2030. The collaboration between private and public health care facilities is essential in addressing this issue. As of now, no private-public health care collaborative program in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) screening exists in Malaysia. To determine the feasibility of a collaborative program between private general practitioners (GPs) and the public primary health clinics in PTB screening and to assess the yield of smear-positive PTB from this program. A prospective cohort study using convenient sampling was conducted involving GPs and public health clinics in the North-East District, Penang, from March 2018 to May 2019. In this study, GPs could direct all suspected PTB patients to perform a sputum acid fast bacilli (AFB) direct smear in any of the dedicated public primary health clinics. The satisfaction level of both the GPs and their patients were assessed using a self-administered client satisfaction questionnaire. IBM SPSS Statistical Software was used to analyze the data. Out of a total of 31 patients who underwent the sputum investigation for PTB, one (3.2%) was diagnosed to have smear-positive PTB. Most of the patients (>90%) and GPs (66.7%) agreed to continue with this program in the future. Furthermore, most of the patients (>90%) were satisfied with the program structure. It is potentially feasible to involve GPs in combating TB. However, a more structured program addressing the identified issues is needed to make the collaborative program a success.

An exploration of the Logic and wisdom behind the Marriage of the Dead

Kasargod is the North East district of Kerala and shares a border with Karnataka, ‘Marriage of the dead is a custom among the tribal communities known as Moger and Koppalar. In this paper, the logic behind this practice and the wisdom that civil society should embody from it will be found.

Factors influencing adoption of high tunnels for tomato production in northeast district, Botswana

The study was carried out to investigate constraints and determinants of high tunnels adoption for tomato production in the North-East District of Botswana, using household survey data sourced directly from 116 horticultural farmers during the months of May and June 2017. Descriptive statistics and a binary probit regression model were employed to analyze constraints and determinants of high tunnels adoption for tomato production. The prohibitive cost of high tunnels, inadequate knowledge on high tunnels, inadequate capital and markets were identified as major constraints that hinder high tunnels adoption. The adoption of high tunnels was found to be positively influenced by years of education, access to extension services and farm size. The findings suggest that encouraging tunnel designers to consider constructing the structure using local materials could be ideal to cut down on the startup cost. Strengthening extension service and re-engineering of the current extension system is necessary to improve the adoption rate of the technology.&#x0D; Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 10(2): 100-109, December 2020

Evaluation of exploiting barite, the critical raw material in Slovakia, and benefits of its mining

Purpose. There are several deposits of critical raw materials in the Slovak Republic, but currently only one is mined. This is a barite deposit in Spiš, which shows an ever-lower volume of exploited raw material year-on-year. However, this area is rich in several confirmed barite veins, which represent potential strategic raw materials. The presented article analyzes in detail and describes the Jaklovce I. deposit, which is located in the Gelnica district in north-east of Slovakia. Despite the fact that Slovakia, as well as most EU countries, is dependent on imports of raw materials, the new deposits represent new potential. Determination of the economic value of these deposits creates a promising potential for the investor, but also, secondarily, a potential for the socio-economic development of regions, as well as for the state. Methods. Based on the evaluation of dynamic economic variables, the article predicts the benefits which mining in this deposit would bring, which are also supported by SWOT analysis of barite exploitation. Findings. According to the methods used during the financial evaluation of the single mined deposit of CRM in Slovakia, which was developed because of CRM criticality in EU, we showed, based on § 14 of the Mining Act no. 44/1988 Coll. the necessity of CRM mining from the view of regions, the state and investors. The present article summarizes impacts of exploiting the barite from Jaklovce I. deposit for the investor, as well as for the state, which is also underlined through SWOT analysis. Originality. This study attempts to point out that mining critical raw materials is economically suitable not only for the state, but also for investors. SWOT analysis also pinpoints most threats, opportunities and some forecasts which should be taken into account while designing the investment project. Practical implications.I nvestment project in mining area is one of the most critical and challenging decisions that experts have to make mainly based on geological, economical and geotechnical properties of the deposit, which are very specific. The same is true for the investment project which represents huge investments and rate of risk

Studying the water crisis in Delhi due to rapid urbanisation and land use transformation

ABSTRACT The paper records the spatial dynamics and water consumption pattern through statistical and spatial evidence. The objective of this paper is to analyse the impact of land use land cover change on water demand and supply pattern of a rapidly growing urban region. The research analyses data from Census report, local governments and spatial data from remotely sensed images. The research finds rapid transformation of open land to the built-up area, particularly in the North-West, North, North-East, South-West and South districts. Inequality of water supply volume and supply pattern varies greatly between the districts. The city continues to experience water crisis such as water deficiency during the peak summer, groundwater degradation, water accessibility of slums and informal settlements. The findings will help the policymakers to comprehend the water crisis and consider appropriate mitigation strategies.

School Nurses Matter: Relationship Between School Nurse Employment Policies and Chronic Health Condition Policies in U.S. School Districts.

The increasing prevalence of chronic health conditions (CHCs) in school-aged children highlights the need to better understand school health services' role regarding CHCs. Using U.S. nationally representative district-level data from the 2016 School Health Policies and Practices Study, we examined whether having policies on school nurses' employment was associated with having policies on CHCs and whether having such policies varied by geographic location. Compared to districts without such employment policies, districts with such policies (52.3%) were significantly more likely to have CHC management policies. For each CHC policy examined, more than 20% of school districts did not have the CHC policy, with Northeast districts having the greatest proportion of such policies and West districts having the least. Thus, many students' CHC needs may not be met at school. It is important for school nurses to play a key role in advocating for the development of school-based policies on CHCs.

THE EFFECT OF MULTIMEDIA ON ENHANCING MATHEMATICAL PROBLEM-SOLVING SKILLS AMONG SEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS IN NORTH EASTERN PROVINCE, SULTANATE OF OMAN

This quantitative, analytical study discusses the impact of multimedia on enhancing mathematical problem-solving skills among seventh graders in the Northeast District. Where the problem arose in that research and studies indicated the low level of performance of seventh-graders in solving mathematical problems, and that the teaching method used is dominated by speech and instruction on the part of the teacher, and memorization and memorization on the part of the student, without interest in improving the level of his higher thinking capabilities, including the ability to Mathematical problem solving. Therefore, the study aims to discuss the impact of multimedia on enhancing mathematical problem-solving skills among seventh graders, and to know the suggestions of teachers and specialists in developing the multimedia program. The researcher used the descriptive approach and the semi-experimental approach to a sample of students of (153) students for mathematics. The study tools included; the achievement test in the skills of solving the pre and post mathematical problems of the control and experimental group, as well as a motivational measure in mathematics. The sample was divided into a control group (77) students, and an experimental group (76) students. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference at the significance level (0.05) between the mean scores of the pre and post measurements of the experimental group students, which were studied according to the multimedia program on the mathematical problem-solving test for mathematics course. And the presence of a statistically significant difference at the significance level (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group students and the students of the control group on the problem-solving test.

Adoption of Napier Grass [Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone] among Livestock Farmers in Botswana: Challenges and Future Prospects

In order to assess the current adoption level of Napier grass [Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.)] in Botswana as well as identify barriers hindering its uptake and effective use, data collection was done through a field survey of purposively selected sample of livestock farmers in North East District and adjacent parts of Central District. Findings of the study indicated that even though farmers’ overall perception towards Napier grass was positive, adoption levels were still low. Numerous challenges in Napier grass production included recurrent droughts, non-irrigation, limited access to planting/propagation material, shortage of labor, poor agronomic practices as well as lack of technical knowledge on management and utilization of the fodder grass. Even though adoption levels are still low, opportunities do exist to accelerate future uptake. For example, farmers proposed strategic interventions such as well packaged and targeted education on Napier grass production, subsidized borehole drilling, equipping and water reticulation for irrigation of fodder crops in their farming areas and more technical support from extension officers. Going forward, in order to achieve increased impact with Napier grass, the current extension approach in dissemination and adoption can therefore be effectively targeted primarily at farmers likely to accept and use the technology, instead of expecting every farmer within an agro-ecological zone to comprehensively implement the recommended technology disregarding feasibility, profitability and acceptability of such introduced fodder technology to individual farmers.

Land Restitution and the Communities of North-Eastern Botswana, 1889–2012

ABSTRACT This paper argues that land alienation that occurred in the Tati District (North East District) of Botswana can best be returned to its original inhabitants through land restitution. This is because the Tati is unique from other districts in that other districts did not suffer from severe or intense colonial land alienation, whilst the Tati, in many ways, resembled the overcrowded and impoverished African reserves of the settler dominated territories of Zimbabwe, Kenya and South Africa, which had large prosperous farms for white farmers. It holds that a historical wrong was committed in the Tati and that this justifies land restitution. The paper concurs with the contention that the Market Based Land Reform (MBLR) programme which adopts the ‘Willing Buyer–Willing Seller’ (WBWS) approach adopted by the Botswana government since independence to ease the land shortage in the Tati District has not succeeded. The land restitution process in South Africa is used as a case for adoption in Tati. The paper acknowledges the complexities of the process there, and proposes that the situation in Botswana is somewhat different. It is argued that in Botswana, the economic empowerment measures that are currently in place, particularly the agricultural schemes would to a large extent overcome some of the major challenges of land restitution in the Tati.

Removing competitive foods v. nudging and marketing school meals: a pilot study in high-school cafeterias.

To compare federally reimbursable school meals served when competitive foods are removed and when marketing and nudging strategies are used in school cafeterias operating the National School Lunch Program (NSLP). The second objective was to determine how marketing and nudging strategies influence competitive food sales. In the Healthy Choices School, all competitive foods were removed; the Healthy Nudging School retained competitive foods and promoted the school meal programme using marketing and nudging strategies; a third school made no changes. Cafeteria register data were collected from the beginning of the 2013-2014 school year through the four-week intervention. Outcome measures included daily entrées served; share of entrées served with vegetables, fruit and milk; and total competitive food sales. Difference-in-difference models were used to examine outcome measure changes. Three high schools in a diverse, Northeast US urban district with universally free meals. High-school students participating in the NSLP. During the intervention weeks, the average number of entrées served daily was significantly higher in the Healthy Choices School (82·1 (se 33·9)) and the Healthy Nudging School (107·4 (se 28·2)) compared with the control school. The only significant change in meal component selection was a 6 % (se 0·02) higher rate of vegetable servings in the Healthy Choices School compared with the control school. Healthy Nudging School competitive food sales did not change. Both strategies - removing competitive foods and marketing and nudging - may increase school meal participation. There was no evidence that promoting school meals decreased competitive food sales.