Distribution Width Research Articles

Clinical Utility of Recently Food and Drug Administration-Approved IntelliSep Test (Sepsis Biomarker) for Early Diagnosis of Sepsis: Comparison with Other Biomarkers.

Context: IntelliSep by Cytovale has received United States (U.S.) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval as a sepsis biomarker test. However, the clinical utility of this new test is not assessed in emergency departments. Objective: We investigated the clinical utility of this test using 44 patients visiting the emergency department at The University of Kansas Medical Center by comparing it with the monocyte distribution width (MDW) and other biomarkers including the von Willebrand factor (vWF) and ADAMTS13. Design and Methods: IntelliSep assesses the cellular host response via deformability cytometry of biophysical leukocyte properties and produces a score (IntelliSep Index; ISI: from 0.1 (lowest risk) to 10 (highest risk). We measured the ISI in 44 patients (19 high probability and 25 low probability of sepsis groups) using EDTA-anticoagulated blood. Left over plasma was used for measuring the plasma von Willebrand factor (vWF) and ADAMTS13 antigen by ELISA assays. The MDW was obtained during routine CBC analysis using a Beckman hematology analyzer. The lactate and high-sensitivity troponin I levels were measured using a Beckman analyzer. Procalcitonin was measured using a Cobas e801 analyzer. Results: The median ISI was twofold higher in the high-probability group than in the low-probability group (p < 0.01) while the median MDW was 34.5% higher in the high-probability group than in the low-probability group (p < 0.01). However, the correlation between the ISI and MDW was only modest (r = 0.66). In addition, significantly higher levels of plasma vWF antigen but lower levels of plasma ADAMTS13 antigen in the high-probability group were found, resulting in significantly higher vWF/ADAMTS13 ratios in the high-probability group than in the low-probability group. Conclusions: The new IntelliSep test along with vWF/ADAMTS13 ratios may be useful for the early diagnosis of sepsis in patients visiting the emergency department, which appears to be superior to the traditional marker, MDW.

Noisy Circumnutations Facilitate Self-Organized Shade Avoidance in Sunflowers

Circumnutations are widespread in plants and typically associated with exploratory movements; however, a quantitative understanding of their role remains elusive. In this study we report, for the first time, the role of noisy circumnutations in facilitating an optimal growth pattern within a crowded group of mutually shading plants. We revisit the problem of self-organization observed for sunflowers, mediated by shade response interactions. Our analysis reveals that circumnutation movements conform to a bounded random walk characterized by a remarkably broad distribution of velocities, covering 3 orders of magnitude. In motile animal systems such wide distributions of movement velocities are frequently identified with enhancement of behavioral processes, suggesting that circumnutations may serve as a source of functional noise. To test our hypothesis, we developed a Langevin-type parsimonious model of interacting growing disks, informed by experiments, successfully capturing the characteristic dynamics of individual and multiple interacting plants. Employing our simulation framework we examine the role of circumnutations in the system, and find that the observed breadth of the velocity distribution represents a sharp transition in the force-noise ratio, conferring advantageous effects by facilitating exploration of potential configurations, leading to an optimized arrangement with minimal shading. These findings represent the first report of functional noise in plant movements and establish a theoretical foundation for investigating how plants navigate their environment by employing computational processes such as task-oriented processes, optimization, and active sensing. Since plants move by growing, space and time are coupled, and dynamics of self-organization lead to emergent 3D patterns. As such, this system provides conceptual insight for other interacting growth-driven systems such as fungal hyphae, neurons and self-growing robots, as well as active matter systems where agents interact with past trajectories of their counterparts, such as stigmergy in social insects. This foundational insight has implications in statistical physics, ecological dynamics, agriculture, and even swarm robotics. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Quantitative evaluation on the cavitation damage energy of metals via multiscale approaches

In-situ experimental observation cannot be an effective method in the impact process of metal cavitation erosion, and the impact damage energy prediction theory has not been established based on a detailed mathematical and physical model. Research has shown that the metal material can be regarded as a sensor to reflect the impact parameters. Soft metal materials such as industrial pure copper with a single α-phase microstructure can be a suitable sensor to detect cavitation erosion effects, revealing the impact behaviors of the cavitation jet through the depth, width and spatial distribution of cavitation pits on the surface. In this scenario, volume loss of cavitation pits on a macro/mesoscale are obtained by three-dimensional surface measurement. A coupled fluid-solid simulation model calculating the impact damage energy on a macro/mesoscale is established based on the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) and the Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Method (CPFEM). Python programming is used to set the trajectory of SPH particles to determine the macro cavitation flow field. IFEM methods were used to construct the prediction theory of cavitation impact energy in a relatively simple exponential equation, establishing the quantitative relationship between cavitation impact damage energy and measured volume of cavitation pits. Compared with conventional measurement and simulation, the present multiscale approaches are assumed as a further step advancement towards calculating the impact damage energy of cavitation water jet.

Association of hemoglobin-to-red cell distribution width ratio with the three-month outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

To explore the association of Hemoglobin-to-Red Cell Distribution Width Ratio (HRR) with the risk of three-month unfavorable outcomes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). A secondary analysis was conducted based on a prospective cohort study. A total of 1,889 patients with AIS treated in South Korea from January 2010 to December 2016 were enrolled. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to investigated the independent relationship between HRR and risk of three-month unfavorable outcomes in AIS. Fitted smoothing curves were used to determine non-linear correlations. The recursive method was employed to explore the turning point and build a two-piece linear regression model. In addition, a set of subgroup analyses were carried out to evaluate the relationship between HRR and risk of three-month unfavorable outcomes. Multivariate analysis in which potential confounders were adjusted for indicated that the risk of unfavorable outcomes was reduced by 10% for each unit increased of HRR [OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.84-0.96, p = 0.0024]. In addition, a non-linear relationship was observed between HRR and risk of three-month unfavorable outcomes, which had an inflection point of HRR was 10.57. The effect sizes and the confidence intervals on the left side of the inflection point were 0.83 (0.75, 0.91), p = 0.0001. On the right side of the inflection point, no association was found between HRR and the risk of three-month unfavorable outcomes. This study demonstrates a negative association between HRR and risk of three-month unfavorable outcomes. The relationship between HRR and risk of three-month unfavorable outcomes is non-linear. The correlation is negative for HRR values less than 10.57. For, HRR higher than 10.57, HRR is not associated with the risk of three-month unfavorable outcomes.

Platelet traits and sepsis risk and prognosis: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Sepsis is a critical medical condition characterized by a dysregulated host response to infection. Platelet abnormalities frequently manifest in sepsis patients, but the causal role of platelets in sepsis remains unclear. This study employed a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to investigate the causal direction between platelets and sepsis. MR analysis was used to investigate the causal effect of four platelet traits - platelet count (PLT), platelet crit (PCT), mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet distribution width (PDW)- on sepsis risk and prognosis. Additionally, the study explored the reverse causality, assessing the impact of sepsis on these platelet traits. Genetic variants from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) served as instrumental variables to infer causality. Sensitivity analyses and heterogeneity tests were conducted to ensure the validity and robustness of the results. Genetically predicted decreased PCT (OR = 0.938, p = 0.044) and MPV (OR = 0.410, p = 0.006) were associated with an increased risk of sepsis. In the reverse direction, 28-day sepsis mortality was significantly associated with decreased PLT (OR = 0.986, p = 0.034). No significant causal relationships were observed between sepsis and other platelet traits. This study suggests a causal association between low PCT and MPV levels and increased risk of sepsis. Additionally, sepsis with a poor prognosis was causally linked to decreased PLT. These findings provide novel evidence for the causal relationship between platelet traits and sepsis.

Can We Predict Gastric Leaks After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy by Evaluating the Complete Blood Count on Postoperative Day 1?

We assessed whether postoperative day-1 (POD-1) complete blood count (CBC) test parameters, including red cell distribution width (RDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), plateletcrit (PCT), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), could identify patients with gastric leaks after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). Patients with postoperative gastric leaks (n=36) and patients with no complications who were selected by age-sex-BMI matching (n=254) were included in the study. The levels of RDW, MPW, PCT, PLR, and NLR were compared between groups in univariate analyses. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was run for CBC parameters with a P -value<0.05 in univariate analyses. The area under the curve (AUC) was evaluated, and a cutoff value was determined. Sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratio (LR), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy were calculated. The level of PCT was significantly lower, while levels of PLR and NLR were significantly higher in patients with postoperative gastric leaks as compared with those without ( P <0.05). The AUC of both PCT and PLR was <0.750, while the AUC of NLR was 0.911. NLR cutoff at 3.6 yielded 80% sensitivity, 92% specificity, and an LR of 10. In the study cohort, PPV of 59%, NPV of 97%, and an accuracy of 90% were found. Our results suggest that NLR at POD-1, with a cutoff value of 3.6, is a useful indicator of postoperative gastric leak who underwent LSG. We recommend the use of this easily calculated parameter in clinical practice.

Influence of multi-factor interactions on particle growth during top-spray fluidized bed agglomeration

Considering the strong dependence of agglomerate characteristics on various operating parameters, this study employs the control variable methodology (CVM) and response surface methodology (RSM) to investigate the influence of multi-factor interactions on particle growth during top-spray fluidized bed agglomeration. First, CVM is conducted to assess the effects of individual operating parameters on the agglomerate properties, such as mean particle size, relative width, and sphericity. Then, the interactive relationship between these input variables and the quality attributes of the process is investigated using RSM. The results show that the mean particle size increases with the increase of binder viscosity and spray rate, while it decreases with the increase of fluidization gas velocity and inlet gas temperature. The relative width of the particle size distribution increases with the spray rate, binder viscosity, and fluidization gas velocity, and hardly changes with the inlet gas temperature. The mean particle size is more sensitive to the binder spray rate at a lower level of fluidization gas velocity or a higher level of inlet gas temperature. The fluidization gas velocity corresponding to the maximum D50 changes when the binder viscosity and binder spray rate are at different levels.

Prognostic Impact of the Ratio of Hemoglobin to Red Blood Cell Distribution Width in Patients after Acute Decompensated Heart Failure.

Objective The ratio of hemoglobin to red blood cell distribution width (Hb/RDW) is a simple and readily available tool associated with adverse outcomes in chronic heart failure (HF). However, the association between the Hb/RDW ratio and mortality in patients with acute decompensated HF (ADHF) is unclear. The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between the Hb/RDW ratio and mortality in patients after ADHF. Methods This single-center study included clinical and laboratory data collected at baseline, with patients prospectively followed-up for a median period of 3.1 years. The patients were divided into two groups based on their median Hb/RDW ratio. Patients We evaluated 250 consecutive patients hospitalized for ADHF at Shinshu University Hospital between July 2014 and March 2019. Results In our study cohort (median age, 76 [66-83] years; 62.8 % male), all-cause death was observed in 91 patients (incidence rate: 12.7 per 100 patient-years). A Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients in the lower Hb/RDW ratio group (<0.24, n=131) had worse outcomes compared to those in the higher group (≥0.24, n=119) (cumulative incidence 44.1% vs. 19.5%, respectively; log-rank, P <0.001). After adjusting for demographics, HF severity, and laboratory biomarkers, a lower Hb/RDW ratio was significantly associated with a higher risk of mortality (hazard ratio, 1.89; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-3.45; P = 0.038). Conclusion A lower Hb/RDW ratio is associated with an increased risk of mortality in patients after ADHF, thus indicating its potential utility in identifying patients at an elevated risk for future cardiovascular events.

Biomarker dosimetry of acute low level of thermal neutrons and radiation adaptive response effect on rats

In this paper, we demonstrated the biological effects of acute low-dose neutrons on the whole body of rats and investigated the impact of that level of neutron dose to induce an in vivo radio-adaptive response. To understand the radio-adaptive response, the examined animals were exposed to acute neutron radiation doses of 5 and 10 mSv, followed by a 50 mSv challenge dose after 14 days. After irradiation, all groups receiving single and double doses were kept in cages for one day before sampling. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) method was used to estimate the radiation-induced radicals in the blood, and some hematological parameters and lipid peroxidation (MDA) were determined. A comet assay was performed beside some of the antioxidant enzymes [catalase enzyme (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH)]. Seven groups of adult male rats were classified according to their dose of neutron exposure. Measurements of all studied markers are taken one week after harvesting, except for hematological markers, within 2 h. The results indicated lower production of antioxidant enzymes (CAT by 1.18–5.83%, SOD by 1.47–17.8%, and GSH by 11.3–82.1%). Additionally, there was an increase in red cell distribution width (RDW) (from 4.61 to 25.19%) and in comet assay parameters such as Tail Length, (from 6.16 to 10.81 µm), Tail Moment, (from 1.17 to 2.46 µm), and percentage of DNA in tail length (DNA%) (from 9.58 to 17.32%) in all groups exposed to acute doses of radiation ranging from 5 to 50 mSv, respectively. This emphasizes the ascending harmful effect with the increased acute thermal neutron doses. The values of the introduced factor of radio adaptive response for all markers under study reveal that the lower priming dose promotes a higher adaptation response and vice versa. Ultimately, the results indicate significant variations in DNA%, SOD enzyme levels, EPR intensity, total Hb concentration, and RDWs, suggesting their potential use as biomarkers for acute thermal neutron dosimetry. Further research is necessary to validate these measurements as biodosimetry for radiation exposure, including investigations involving the response impact of RAR with varied challenge doses and post-irradiation behavior.

Multiphase superconductivity at the interface between ultrathin FeTe islands and Bi2Te3

FeTe monolayer islands situated on a topological insulator Bi2Te3 (0001) surface were recently reported to exhibit the opening of an energy gap below temperatures T ~ 6 K, which could be due to a superconducting phase transition. In this work, we present a magnetic field dependent transport study proving that this gap is indeed of superconducting origin. Upon cooling, several drops in resistance are observed in the temperature range between 6 K and 2 K, indicating multiple transitions. Using the Ginzburg-Landau theory, we show that the critical magnetic field of the dominant high-temperature transition at ~ 6 K is governed by orbital Cooper pair breaking in larger FeTe islands, large enough to exceed the superconductive coherence length ξ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\xi$$\\end{document}. At smaller island sizes, transitions at lower temperatures < 6 K become more prominent, showing significantly increased critical fields dominated by paramagnetic pair breaking. The multiphase superconducting behaviour is in line with an observed wide distribution of FeTe islands width 5–100 nm and seems to reflect disorder effects at the interface to Bi2Te3. The proof of local superconductivity makes the FeTe interface to the topological insulator Bi2Te3 substrate a potential host of topological superconductivity.

Superior performance by two new methods in identifying the online reaction time of reaching movements.

Reaching movements can be redirected during their progress to handle unexpected visual changes, such as a change in target location. It is important to know when these redirections start, i.e., the online reaction time (oRT), but this information is not readily evident since redirections are embedded within a time-varying baseline movement that differs from trial to trial. The one previous study that evaluated the performance of different oRT identification methods utilized simulated redirections with the exact same onset, rather than a range of onsets as would be typically encountered. We addressed this gap by utilizing batches of "hybrid" trials with temporal spread in their oRTs. Each hybrid trial combined a sampled baseline movement with an idealized corrective response. Two new methods had the most accurate identification of online reaction times: 1) a threshold-aligned grand mean regression, and 2) a template-based approach we term the canonical correction search. The threshold-aligned grand mean regression is simple to implement and effective. The canonical correction search is a more complex procedure but arguably better linked to the underlying response. Applying the two methods to a published dataset revealed more delayed oRTs than was previously reported along with new information such as the width of oRT distributions. Taken together, our results demonstrate the utility of two new methods for dissecting corrective action from ongoing movement.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Advancing our understanding of visual feedback control requires methods that accurately identify the onset of corrective action. We developed a modified regression approach and a template-based approach to identify the online reaction time of single-reaching movements. Both outperform previous methods when challenged by temporal jitter in the response onset and increased background noise.

Predictive value of the early postoperative hemoglobin-to-red blood cell distribution width ratio for acute kidney injury in elderly intertrochanteric fracture patients

BackgroundHemoglobin-to-red blood cell distribution width ratio (HRR) had great predictive value for the prognosis of malignant tumors and cardiovascular disease. However, its predictive value for the occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in elderly intertrochanteric fracture patients remains unclear. This study aims to analyze the correlation between the early postoperative HRR and the risk of postoperative AKI in elderly intertrochanteric fracture patients.MethodsWe reviewed the medical records of 307 elderly intertrochanteric fracture patients in this single-center retrospective cohort study. We performed univariate analysis on the relevant parameters, and parameters with significant differences were included in the following logistic regression model for multivariate analysis. Then, we used a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to evaluate the predictive value of the early postoperative HRR level for AKI in elderly intertrochanteric fracture patients. Patients were divided into a high HRR group and a low HRR group according to the cutoff point determined by ROC curve analysis. Subsequently, the relevance between postoperative HRR and AKI was further determined using propensity score matching (PSM) and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW).ResultsThe area under the curve of the early postoperative HRR for predicting postoperative AKI was 0.714 (95% CI: 0.618–0.809). The cutoff value was 5.44. The sensitivity was 72.7%, and the specificity was 70.8%. Patients were divided into low HRR (⩽ 5.44) and high HRR (> 5.44) groups according to the cutoff value. PSM and IPTW analysis indicated that the risk of AKI in the low HRR group was significantly higher than that in the high HRR group in both the matched cohort (OR = 6.914, 95% CI: 1.714–46.603, p = 0.016) and the weighted group (OR = 2.784, 95% CI: 1.415–5.811, p = 0.040).ConclusionsEarly postoperative HRR is an accurate, accessible, and economical blood test parameter that can predict the risk of postoperative AKI in elderly patients with femoral intertrochanteric fracture.

A red blood cell-based score in the prognostication of patients with metastatic RCC of the Meet-URO 15 study.

Aims: Anemia, mean corpuscular volume and red cell distribution width may have some effects on survival outcomes of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients and are incorporated in a red blood cell (RBC)-based score. Its validity in prognostication of mRCC patients treated with second-line nivolumab was assessed.Patients and methods: Retrospective analysis using Meet-URO-15 cohort of mRCC patients receiving nivolumab in the second-line setting or beyond. Outcomes were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).Results: A total of 390 patients were included. Significant differences in OS and PFS between RBC-based score groups, with group 1 (2 or 3 of the RBC-related prognostic factors) having longer OS (median 29.5months, 95% CI: 23.1-35.9, versus 11.5months, 95% CI: 8.5-22.6; p<0.001) and PFS (7.5months, 95% CI: 5.5-10.2, versus 4.2months, 95% CI: 3.3-5.9; p=0.040) than those in group 0 (0 or 1 RBC-related prognostic factors). Belonging to group 1 independently predicted OS (hazard ratio: 0.65, 95% CI:0.50-0.85; p=0.002) but not PFS (hazard ratio: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.70-1.14, p=0.370) or disease response (OR 0.68, 95% CI: 0.41-1.10; p=0.118) at multivariable analysis.Conclusion: RBC-based group scores independently predicted OS in mRCC patients treated with nivolumab.

Research on Predictive Auxiliary Diagnosis Method for Gastric Cancer Based on Non-Invasive Indicator Detection

Chronic atrophic gastritis is a serious health issue beyond the stomach health problems that affect normal life. This study aimed to explore the influencing factors related to chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) using non-invasive indicators and establish an optimal prediction model to aid in the clinical diagnosis of CAG. Electronic medical record data from 20,615 patients with CAG were analyzed, including routine blood tests, liver function tests, and coagulation tests. The logistic regression algorithm revealed that age, hematocrit, and platelet distribution width were significant influences suggesting chronic atrophic gastritis in the Chongqing population (p &lt; 0.05), with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.879. The predictive model constructed based on the Random Forest algorithm exhibited an accuracy of 83.15%, precision of 97.38%, recall of 77.36%, and an F1-score of 70.86%, outperforming the models constructed using XGBoost, KNN, and SVC algorithms in a comprehensive comparison. The prediction model derived from this study serves as a valuable tool for future studies and can aid in the prediction and screening of chronic atrophic gastritis.

Single nucleotide polymorphism rs7961894, platelet morphological parameters and lipid profile in children with type 1 diabetes: a potential relationship

Increased cardiovascular risk has been associated with certain platelet morphological parameters, and several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been reported to be linked. Still, little is known about their role among children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). So, we aimed to investigate platelet parameters and lipid profile changes in relation to rs7961894 SNP in children with T1DM. Eighty children with T1DM and eighty apparently healthy controls participated in this cross-sectional study. Platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), plateletcrit (PCT), HbA1c, triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured, and atherogenic indices were calculated. Using a real-time polymerase chain allelic discrimination technique, rs7961894 SNP was genotyped. Children with T1DM had significantly higher MPV, PDW, TC, and LDL-C compared to controls. 25% of patients had rs7961894 CT genotype with significantly higher MPV, PDW, PCT, LDL-C, triglycerides, Castelli’s risk index II (CRI II), and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) compared to CC genotyped patients. MPV correlated significantly with CRI II and AIP, PDW with CRI II, while PCT correlated substantially with HbA1c, LDL-C, CRI II, and AIP. rs7961894 CT genotype was a significant dependent predictor of the changes in MPV, PDW, and PCT in multivariate regression analysis.Conclusion: In children with T1DM, rs7961894 CT genotype is significantly linked to MPV, PDW, and PCT changes, which showed a substantial relationship to CRI II and AIP, highlighting the importance of monitoring these patients to identify potential cardiovascular risks early.What is Known:• Platelets and dyslipidemia are involved in atherosclerosis pathogenesis• Changes in platelet activity and morphological parameters in diabetes mellitus are contradictory• rs7961894 single nucleotide polymorphism is associated with significant changes in mean platelet volume (MPV) with no available data in childrenWhat is New:• Children with type 1 diabetes mellitus exhibited significantly higher values of MPV and platelet distribution width (PDW)• rs7961894 CT genotype was a dependent predictor of the changes in MPV, PDW, and plateletcrit (PCT) values• Diabetic children with the rs7961894 CT genotype showed substantial alterations in lipid parameters with a strong correlation between MPV, PDW, and PCT and Castelli’s risk index II and the atherogenic index of plasma

Risk of low levels of blood group antibodies mediating hemolysis in ABO-incompatible neonates with negative three hemolysis tests.

To explore the risk of low-level blood group antibody-mediated hemolysis in ABO-incompatible newborns with negative three hemolysis tests, aiming to assist in the identification and management of neonatal jaundice. A retrospective case-control study was performed in 892 children with jaundice. The patients were divided into three groups: group I, ABO compatible, negative three hemolysis tests; group II, ABO incompatible, negative three hemolysis tests; and group III, ABO incompatible, positive three hemolysis tests. We analyzed the differences in clinical data, blood routine and biochemical laboratory results. (1) Patients in group II had higher levels of mean corpuscular volume (MCV), standard deviation of red blood cell volume distribution width (RDW-SD), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and bile acid (BA) than those in group I (P < 0.05). However, there were no statistically significant differences in the MCV, ALT, ALP and BA levels between groups II and III (P > 0.05). (2) Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) >359.5 g/L, cell volume distribution width (RDW-CV) >15.95%, and reticulocyte count (RET) >4.235% were identified as independent predictors of positive hemolysis test results (P < 0.001). The combination of MCHC, RDW-CV, and RET% yielded an AUC of 0.841. Low-level blood group antibody-mediated hemolysis may occur in ABO-incompatible neonates even when three hemolysis tests are negative. Changes in liver function parameters must be monitored. The combination of MCHC, RDW-CV, and RET% can be used to improve the detection rate of HDN.

Red Cell Distribution Width as a Predictor for Systeimic Hypertension

Red Cell Distribution Width as a Predictor for Systeimic Hypertension

The Role of Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW), RDW/Platelet Ratio, and Mean Platelet Volume as Prognostic Markers in Acute Pancreatitis Severity and Complications Based on the Bedside Index for Severity in Acute Pancreatitis Score.

Background Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a condition with various etiological factors, marked by the sudden onset of inflammation in the pancreatic tissue. Predicting the severity and potential mortality of AP involves analyzing clinical data alongside laboratory tests and imaging. Among several grading methods with strong predictive capabilities for illness severity and mortality, the Bedside Index for Severity in Acute Pancreatitis (BISAP) score is notable. This study aims to explore the potential role of laboratory markers, specifically red cell distribution width (RDW), RDW/platelet (PLT) ratio, and mean platelet volume (MPV), in predicting disease severity, with patients being stratified according to the BISAP scoring system. Materials and methods This research included 161 patients hospitalized at Cantonal Hospital Zenica in Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a diagnosis of AP. The BISAP score was determined based on laboratory and radiological analyses. This score was used to evaluate potential correlations between laboratory findings such as RDW, RDW/PLT ratio, and MPV. Results The age range was significantly higher in patients with BISAP scores ≥3 (68 years, 64-76) compared to those with BISAP scores <3 (59.5 years, 42.75-69) (p = 0.000). RDW values were also significantly higher in patients with BISAP scores ≥3 (15.6%, 14-16.9) compared to those with BISAP scores <3 (13.5%, 13-14.1) (p = 0.000). Hospital stay duration was significantly longer for patients with BISAP scores ≥3 (9 days, 6-11) compared to those with BISAP scores <3 (5 days, 5-7) (p = 0.000). Additionally, the RDW/PLT ratio was significantly lower in patients with BISAP scores <3 (0.063 ± 0.02) compared to those with BISAP scores ≥3 (0.09 ± 0.059) (p = 0.012). Conclusion Our results indicate a significant difference in RDW/PLT ratios between patient severity groups based on BISAP scores (scores <3 vs. ≥3). This suggests that the RDW/PLT ratio may serve as a useful predictor for assessing the severity of AP. However, further research is needed to explore the full potential of the RDW/PLT ratio in evaluating AP patients.

Study on the microscopic characteristics of pentanol/highly active fuel spray based on high-speed droplet tracking velocimetry technology

Pentanol blending with highly reactive fuels for internal combustion engines holds considerable promise. The atomization of sprays closely influences the efficiency and combustion characteristics of the system. Based on Particle Tracking Velocimetry and high-speed shadow imaging technology, we propose a method termed High-speed Droplet Tracking Velocimetry for analyzing spray particle size. Prior to conducting our study, we validated the reliability of High-speed Droplet Tracking Velocimetry through comparisons with the Malvern and Phase Doppler methods. This study utilized long working distance micro high-speed shadow imaging technology in a visualized constant volume combustion chamber to investigate the spray micro-characteristics of pentanol blended with highly reactive fuels, including Fatty Acid Methyl Ester, Hydrogenated Catalytic Biodiesel, and Diesel. The results indicate that under all operating conditions, the droplets of P20H80 (the volume fraction of 20 % n-pentanol mixed with 80 % Hydrogenated Catalytic Biodiesel) are smaller and more uniformly distributed, demonstrating the minimum Sauter Mean Diameter, characteristic diameter, and width of droplet size distribution. The droplet velocities of P20H80 are the lowest, followed by P20Di80 (the volume fraction of 20 % n-pentanol mixed with 80 % Diesel), and P20B80 (the volume fraction of 20 % n-pentanol mixed with 80 % Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) exhibits the highest velocities. These velocity differences among the three fuels generally remain within 10 %-20 % across various injection pressures. P20Di80 shows the highest Reynolds and Weber numbers, followed by P20H80, with P20B80 having the smallest values due to its intermediate physical properties. The gaps between each fuel type range from 20 % to 30 %.

Correlation of Mean Platelet Volume and Red Cell Distribution Width With HbA1c and Its Association With Microvascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Tertiary Hospital in India.

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder, and its prevalence is rising worldwide. The objective of the study was to investigate the association between mean platelet volume (MPV) and red cell distribution width (RDW) and the glycemic control marker HbA1c. So MPV and RDW could be used as prognostic indicators of deterioration of gluco-regulation in diabetes mellitus type 2 and the associated microvascular complications. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 216 type 2 diabetic patients, who were divided into two groups based on HbA1c values (<7% and >7%). Red blood cell distribution width, mean platelet volume, plasma glucose estimation, fasting lipid profile, spot urine albumin creatinine ratio (ACR), direct ophthalmoscopic examination, and nerve conduction study were tested in all the patients. Of the 216 individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus, 210 exhibited inadequate glycemic control, establishing a statistically significant correlation with triglyceride levels, mean platelet volume, and blood sugar levels. The study revealed a significant association between MPV and RDW and HbA1c levels. Additionally, microvascular complications such as retinopathy, proteinuria, and neuropathy exhibited strong correlations in this patient cohort, emphasizing the interconnectedness of glycemic control and various health indicators in individuals with T2DM. This study provides significant results that mean platelet volume and red cell distribution can be used as markers in the diagnosis of microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus.