Potential Distribution Research Articles

Potential Packaging and Distribution Channel Model for Rural Tourism Packages in Timpag Village, Kerambitan District, Tabanan Regency, Bali

In terms of natural potential, cultural potential, and man-made potential, the Timpag resort region of TabananRegency has respectable potential to be developed as a tourist resort. The aim of this research is to find possiblerural tour package models, packaging options, and distribution channels in Timpag Village, Tabanan Regency.This research is a type of qualitative research that collects data through techniques such as in-depth interviewsand conducting literature studies in addition to direct observation at the research site (observation). Bypresenting the findings of the in-depth interviews to the informants, especially the Perbekel, Pokdarwis, andTimpag Village residents, the data is presented in the form of a description. From the results of in-depthinterviews, observations and studies of secondary data that the main drivers of tourism sustainability inTimpag Village are natural potential, cultural potential and man-made potential. The development of naturaltourism involves organizing numerous agricultural pursuits into a singular appeal (USP) that can be promoted.This cultural potential offers a religious destination in the form of a shower with seven springs and shows thelife of farmers to tourists. Tourists are invited to get to know the local culture by being welcomed by thePanyembrama dance. The artificial potential in Timpag village through unique and unique crafts can become atourist destination for village souvenirs. The direct marketing distribution channel model is used to marketrural tour packages in Timpag Village. This involves the use of digital media as well as intermediaries whichinclude marketing agencies such as tour drivers, tour guides, travel agents and local marketers.Keywords: Identify the Potential, Packaging, Tourism Village

Exploring the driving forces of potential marsh wetlands formation and distribution in the Qilian Mountains of Qinghai, China

The formation and distribution of marsh wetlands are influenced by both climate changes and human activities. Quantifying the driving factors of marsh wetlands is essential for understanding the sustainable utilization of wetland ecosystems. The current study simulated the potential marsh wetlands’ spatial distribution in the Qilian Mountains of Qinghai (QMQ) by a random forest (RF) model with a series of environmental indicators, including climate, vegetation, soil, topography, and human activity factors in 2020. Simultaneously, a structural equation modeling (SEM) was utilized to explore driving factors of formation and distribution of marsh wetlands. Results showed that: (1) The potential marsh wetlands area was determined to be 2502.01 km2 in the QMQ, mainly distributed in the watershed source and along the river. (2) Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference water index (NDWI), digital elevation model (DEM), fraction vegetation coverage (FVC), and ground surface temperature (GST) were the most critical factors in marsh wetland simulation, with the relative importance index of 11.14 %, 9.70 %, 9.07 %, 8.39 %, and 6.50 %, respectively. (3) The topography acted on the potential marsh wetlands’ distribution by influencing the nutrient input function of potential marsh wetlands (indirect effect 0.28). The climate was the fundamental factor that directly controls the distribution of potential marsh wetlands (direct effect 0.44), and vegetation had a total effect of 0.24. The current study may provide information for policy decisions on wetland conservation and restoration.

The impact of climate change on plant distribution and niche dynamics over the past 250 years in Switzerland

Herbarium specimens provide an irreplaceable source of historical plant distribution data, enabling analysis of changes in plant distribution spanning centuries. Most studies on plant distribution shifts focus on recent decades and rare species, especially along elevational gradients. We examined about 2000 historical herbarium specimens from the Botanical Garden of the University of Bern, representing 30 plant species from five Swiss lowland habitats (six species per habitat) dating back to 1768 and covering all Swiss cantons. All historical data were transcribed, georeferenced and then combined with current data resulting in about 170 000 plant records over 250 years. Combined with climatic data from the same period, we found that all habitats increased their potential distribution area with a significant gain in the semi-arid grasslands (+8.15 %, p-value = 0.031). On species level, 75 % of the selected species expanded their distribution, while 25 % of the species retracted. Despite these shifts, 90–99.6 % niche stability was observed between historical and current climatic niches across all species. Shifts in co-occurring species were specific to the species, not to the habitat. The consistent overlap in historical and current climatic niches suggest that distribution expansion is due to the growth of areas with suitable climates, pointing to climate change as a driving factor for plant distribution changes over the past 250 years.

The Protected Areas network may be insufficient to protect bird diversity in a fragmented tropical hotspot under different climate scenarios

We identified the 30% most-important forest remnants for conservation in the Atlantic Forest domain in South America based on three bird diversity components: (1) overall species potential distribution, (2) potential distribution of threatened species, and (3) diversity of functional traits. We evaluated the extent of overlap among priority areas using the different approaches and analysed the efficiency of the current Protected Areas network at protecting biodiversity in current and potential future (2040 and 2080) climate scenarios. The overlap among the most important areas is low among the different bird diversity components in all climate scenarios, and few changes were found in priority areas between the current and future scenario. The proportion of species that reached the minimum amount of their distribution areas protected varied from zero to 4% depending on the climate scenario and the species conservation status (threatened or not). Priority areas based on the potential distribution of threatened species were less correlated to areas based on the overall species potential distribution than to functional traits in all climate scenarios, suggesting that there might be considerable differences between species composition and their functionalities. Our analyses point out the main regions where resources should be allocated to conservation of birds in a mega-biodiversity region.

Simulation Study of Critical Aspects of MIAB Welding for Analysis of Potential Factors Governing the Performance of Weld Formation

Magnetically Impelled Arc Butt (MIAB) welding, is a solid-state welding technique. The magnetic system of this technique is pivotal for the generation of the Lorentz force, which impels an arc to rotate along the periphery of the weld tubes and thus facilitates the heating of faying surfaces. The magnetic arrangement and the arc dynamics significantly impact the effectiveness of the welding process, eventually dictating the efficiency. This study case investigates the impact of the magnetic arrangement on the arc rotation and possible factors that cause irregularities in the (MIAB) welding through COMSOL simulation. The COMSOL simulation has served as a powerful tool to comprehensively analyse various arc dynamics and magnetic systems and extrapolate the observations to analyse the arc dynamics and magnetic systems involved in MIAB welding. By employing simulation studies, the research aims to unravel critical insights for an efficient design of the MIAB welding system. This work includes a study of the effect of magnetic forces on arc dynamics using various models and attempts to develop an analogy to the MIAB welding process. This is further utilized to explain the process variations in the form of arc displacement, electric potential distribution, and the possibility of self-demagnetization of AlNiCo magnets. Thus, it provides a foundation for advancing the technological aspects of MIAB welding to overcome the limitations and irregularities. This research is instrumental in enhancing the understanding of magnetic interactions involved in the MIAB process, which can further pave the way for improved welding machine designs and consequently, enable research on these lines that can help in establishing an optimized parametric window.

Contrasting invasion patterns of two closely related Solidago alien species

AbstractAimNew areas are often simultaneously invaded by closely related alien species; however, between‐species differences in the course of their invasive spreading due to diverse ecological preferences have rarely been investigated. Here, we aim to study the species‐specific spatio‐temporal invasion patterns of Solidago canadensis and S. gigantea.LocationSlovakia—the Western Carpathian and adjacent Pannonian regions.TaxonInvasive alien Solidago canadensis and S. gigantea.MethodsOur study was based on revised herbarium specimens, a recent field survey which included gathering abundance and habitat data, and environmental data from GIS layers. We characterised the environmental niche differentiation between S. canadensis and S. gigantea. Generalised additive models were then used to identify the key drivers of the species' occurrences and to assess their potential current and future distributions.ResultsBoth species began to spread in Slovakia in the 1850s; in the first 100 years, the number of S. gigantea sites increased exponentially, while that of S. canadensis remained low. Currently, S. canadensis is more widespread in the region. The species have similar habitat preferences. Their environmental niches overlap, but are not identical. The core distribution of S. canadensis is in foothills and valleys that experience lower annual mean temperatures, while that of S. gigantea is in lowlands with higher annual mean temperatures. A large part of their potential distribution areas seems to be already invaded. Possible future climate change could stimulate the spreading of S. canadensis into higher altitudes and S. gigantea farther into lowlands and Carpathian foothills.Main conclusionsThe studied invasive Solidago species differed considerably in the early stages of invasion. Their environmental niches, current realised and potential distribution patterns are different. In the studied region, further spreading, with an increase in the number and size of populations, is likely unless effective measures are undertaken.

Species distribution modeling based on MaxEnt to inform biodiversity conservation in the Central Urban Area of Chongqing Municipality

Mainstreaming biodiversity into protection planning and management is of great significance for biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. Species potential distribution modeling is an effective way for species diversity evaluation and biodiversity hotspots identification, which are crucial for biodiversity conservation. Taking the Central Urban Area of Chongqing Municipality as the study area, the main objectives of this study were to identify the potentially suitable habitats, species richness and biodiversity of key protected species in current and future, determine the relative contribution of environmental factors and assess the conservation effectiveness of protected areas (PAs) based on MaxEnt model and gap analysis. The results showed that the current potentially suitable habitats of total key protected species were mainly located in “two rivers and four mountains”, with a total area of 1610.55 km2, of which forestland accounted for 59.78 %. Species suitable habitats demonstrated clear topographic heterogeneity, and the distribution index decreased at first and then increased with increasing terrain niche index (TNI). Meanwhile, it was observed that key protected plants and birds shared similar suitable habitats in mountainous areas, with an overlapping area of 753.53 km2, and the high species richness covered 182.83 km2. In 2050, the future biodiversity hotspots would remain stable and increase steadily. In terms of the direction of centroid shift, the biodiversity hotspots would migrate to low latitude, low altitude and southeast by 8.34 km. The jackknife tests indicated that the potential distribution of key protected species was mainly determined by land use, mean diurnal range and TNI. Additionally, the problems of high protection gaps and low protection effectiveness coexisted in the existing PAs, with the overlapping area of the comprehensive biodiversity hotspots and the existing PAs was only 446.96 km2. Finally, suggestions for natural PAs system optimization and ecological protection were proposed. This study provides scientific supports for biodiversity conservation and efficient management.

The genus Anathallis (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) in Mexico

Anathallis encompasses nearly 120 species of neotropical orchids, with Mexico representing the northernmost limit of its distribution. During the current century, up to fifteen Mexican species have been classified in Anathallis. However, in recent years, several of them have been reclassified into Lankesteriana, Specklinia, and Stelis. Currently, Anathallis in Mexico includes A. greenwoodii, A. lewisiae, A. minutalis, A. oblanceolata, A. sertularioides, and A. yucatanensis. This work presents the taxonomic treatment for these species, the modeling of their potential distribution, and the assessment of their conservation status in Mexico. For this, specialized literature, living and herborized specimens, and online databases were examined. For each species, a description, drawing, photograph, and distribution map were prepared; additionally, information regarding nomenclature, habitat, phenology, comparison with similar species, and an assessment of its risk status is provided. Mexican Anathallis plants are characterized by their diminutive habit, rhizomatous growth, semi-open flowers with acute sepals and petals, free lateral sepals, mobile lip, and winged column. The genus includes five Mexican species: A. lewisiae, A. minutalis, A. oblanceolata, A. sertularioides, and A. yucatanensis. Anathallis greenwoodii exhibits a morphology more similar to Lankesteriana and it was transferred accordingly. Anathallis oblanceolata was previously known only from the type locality and is redescribed based on specimens previously confused with A. minutalis. Both species are endemic to the mountainous regions of Mexico. Anathallis lewisiae, A. sertularioides, and A. yucatanensis grow in warm, lowland areas along the Gulf of Mexico coast and Yucatan Peninsula. Lectotypes are designated here for Pleurothallis minutalis, P. tenuissima, and P. trichopoda.

Past And Current Vaccine Development Effort of Gonorrhea

Neisseria gonorrhea causes gonorrhoea, which is one of the sexually transmitted infections (STI) diseases that can affect the health of women, men, and neonates. Reflecting on its history of treatment, the development and distribution of a vaccine hold significant potential for mitigating the impact of this disease, especially in vulnerable populations. However, developing a novel vaccine for Neisseria gonorrhoeae has posed considerable challenges. This is primarily due to the Gonorrhea's antigenic variation, rendering it difficult for the human immune system to identify. Neisseria Gonorrhea is currently exhibiting significant antimicrobial resistance, raising concerns about the potential for it to evolve into a superbug in the future. This escalating antimicrobial resistance has led to a diminishing effectiveness of antibiotics in treating Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections. Consequently, there is an increased risk of reinfection, potentially necessitating higher antibiotic doses during treatment. This, in turn, contributes to elevated treatment costs. Thus, the development of a new vaccine against Neisseria gonorrhoeae becomes imperative. This urgency is particularly pronounced for safeguarding the health of women and newborns. In this review, I explored the progress and efficacy of both historical and contemporary vaccines designed to address Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections.

Geographical distribution and potential distribution prediction of thirteen species of Citrus L. in China.

Using DIVA-GIS software to study the spatial accumulation of Citrus species, an important economic crop in China. Draw the distribution maps of Citrus to concerning altitude and vegetation, and use DIVA-GIS' Bioclim ecological model and maximum information entropy model Maxent software to estimate the potential distribution areas of various Citrus species. The results show that the Citrus genus is located in the south of Qinling Mountains, mainly in the southwest of China and the coast of southeastern China. Sichuan and Chongqing are the most densely distributed regions of Citrus. The distribution of Citrus is closely related to the vegetation type and altitude. The vegetation types in the distribution area is evergreen broad-leaved forest, evergreen shrub, deciduous broad-leaved forest, mixed-leaf forest coverage area, deciduous coniferous forest, farmland, trees, other vegetation coverage, and evergreen coniferous forest. The current potential distribution area of Citrus is mainly in Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan,Sichuan, Chongqing, and other provinces and municipalities and their borders, while the potential distribution area in the future moves northward and enter Henan and southern Gansu. At the same time, climate warming changes the distribution of suitable areas of Citrus, which makes the suitable areas of C. sinensis Osbeck, C. reticulata Blanco, and other crops greatly increased. Planning the planting area will effectively improve the yield and quality in the future. Planning presents new challenges.

Stretchable Zn‐Ion Hybrid Capacitor with Hydrogel Encapsulated 3D Interdigital Structure

AbstractTo enhance the areal energy density of current flexible energy storage devices, hybrid capacitors combining the advantages of supercapacitors and batteries are proposed and further enhanced by incorporating the 3D interdigital structure design. However, uneven electric field distribution and hindered ion diffusion kinetics due to the non‐electroactive components in these devices limit the enhancement of areal electrochemical performances when expanding the electrodes longitudinally. Herein, hydrogels with high ionic conductivity and high mechanical stability are designed to accommodate Zn2+‐containing electrolytes and integrated with Ti3C2Tx‐MXene electrodes to assemble flexible Zn‐ion hybrid capacitors (ZIHCs). Fully encapsulated by ionic conductive hydrogels, 3D interdigital electrodes enable omnidirectional ion transport and unimpeded ionic accessibility, facilitating adequate electrode reactions, rapid energy storage, and uniform energy distribution. Hence, the all‐hydrogel‐encapsulated ZIHC achieved a 50‐fold increase in capacitance with a quadrupled electrode thickness, exhibiting a large areal capacitance of 1432 mF cm−2 and an energy density of 389.7 µWh cm−2 without sacrificing power density and rate performance. Finite element simulations further illustrate the uniform distribution of potential, electric field intensity, and energy density in this structure. In addition, the device shows great stability under deformation, excellent adhesion, and underwater workability, demonstrating great promise for next‐generation wearable energy storage devices.

Spartium junceum L. (Katırtırnağı)’un küresel iklim değişimi etkisi altındaki potansiyel yayılış alanlarının modellenmesi

İklimin canlılar üzerindeki yaşamsal etkileri ve bu etkilerin sebepleri yaşamın varlığı boyunca bilinmekte ve araştırılmaya devam etmektedir. İklim değişikliğinin bitkiler üzerinde de birçok farklı etkisi bulunmakta ve çoğu zaman da bu etkiler olumsuz sonuçlar doğurmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, parlak sarı çiçekleri ile dikkat çeken ve özellikle toprak tutma kabiliyeti olan Spartium junceum L. (Katırtırnağı)’un günümüz yayılış alanı ve gelecekte iklim değişikliği etkisi altında potansiyel yayılış alanları MaxEnt algoritması ile modellenmiştir. Modelde, örnek noktalar ve biyoklimatik değişkenlerle birlikte IPSL CM6A-LR iklim değişikliği modelindeki SSP2 4.5 ve SSP5 8.5 senaryolarının 2041-2060 (~2050) ve 2081-2100 (~2090) periyotları kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada oluşturulan model sonuçlarına göre Katırtırnağı’nın günümüzdeki tahmini potansiyel uygun ve çok uygun yayılış alanlarının 52270 km2 olduğu tahmin edilmiştir. IPSL CM6A-LR iklim değişimi modeline göre ise gelecekte yayılış alanlarında büyük oranda azalmalar yaşanayacağı ve SSP5 8.5 senaryosu 2081-2100 periyotlarında çok uygun yayılış alanlarının sadece 17 km2 olarak kalacağı, yani birçok açıdan ekonomik ve ekolojik değere sahip bu türün neslinin ülkemiz koşullarında tehlikeye gireceği görülmektedir.

The Hemispheric Difference in Electric Potential and Electron Precipitation Observed by DMSP in the Auroral Zone

AbstractIn this case study, we focus on how hemispheric differences in the electric potential distribution in the auroral zones are related to hemispheric differences in the energetic particle precipitation that indicate the presence of field‐aligned potential drops. Utilizing data during the spring and fall equinox in 2013 and 2014 from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F16 and F17 satellites, we systematically examine simultaneous measurements of plasma drift velocity and particle precipitation in magnetically conjugate regions across the auroral zone in both hemispheres. This allows us to establish the degree to which the interhemispheric differences in ionospheric electric potential may be accounted for by field‐aligned potential drops. Thirty‐seven eligible cases examined show accelerated electron energy spectra at conjugate locations in the northern and/or southern hemispheres. Of these 37 cases, 23 show conjugate differences in electric potential that agree qualitatively with the observed electron acceleration and average energy of precipitating electrons in each hemisphere. This result suggests that the hemispheric differences in ionospheric electric potential in the auroral zone may be most frequently accounted for by field‐aligned potential drops along the magnetic flux tubes connecting conjugate points to the equatorial plane. The spatial and temporal variability of the potential distribution, electron precipitation, and magnetic field configuration could account for deviations from the normally observed situation in the remaining cases. More magnetically conjugate observations at various altitudes in both hemispheres are needed to investigate this hemispheric coupling in more detail.

Understanding the Role of Electrode Thickness on Redox Flow Cell Performance**

AbstractThe electrode thickness is a critical design parameter to engineer high performance redox flow cells by impacting the available surface area for reactions, current and potential distributions, and required pumping power. To date, redox flow cell assemblies employ repurposed off‐the‐shelf fibrous electrodes which feature a broad range of thicknesses. However, comprehensive guidelines to select the optimal electrode thickness for a given reactor architecture remain elusive. Here, we investigate the effect of the electrode thickness in the range of 200–1100 μm on the cell performance by stacking electrode layers in four different flow cell configurations – Freudenberg paper and ELAT cloth electrodes combined with flow‐through and interdigitated flow fields. We employ a suite of polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and pressure drop measurements together with pore network modeling simulations to correlate the electrode thickness for various reactor designs to the electrochemical and hydraulic performance. We find that thicker electrodes (420 μm paper electrodes and 812 μm cloth electrodes) are beneficial in combination with flow‐through flow fields, whereas when using interdigitated flow fields, thinner electrodes (210 μm paper electrodes and 406 μm cloth electrodes) result in a better current density and pressure drop trade‐off. We hope our findings will aid researchers and technology practitioners in designing their electrochemical flow cells under convective operation.

Molecular structure properties, quantum computational, electronic, charge analyses and biological (drug-likeness and docking) studies on anti-inflammatory drug molecule of Balsalazide

(E)–5-([4-(2–carboxyethylcarbamoyl) phenyl] diazenyl)-2-hydroxybenzoic acid (Balsalazide) was scrutinized theoretically using quantum computational calculation. FT-IR, UV–vis., and optimized structure data were collected utilizing the DFT approach with the B3LYP functional and 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. The wave number computations and improved molecular geometry were carried out in the gas phase. Utilizing VEDA analysis, the potential energy distribution analysis PED of the title chemical was carried out. Additionally, experiments on chemical reactivity and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) were carried out. Researchers employed the electron localization function (ELF) to demonstrate electron delocalization in the molecule. Topological and Mulliken charge distribution investigations were other subjects. Intermolecular charge transfer was interpreted using natural bond orbital analysis (NBO). RDG analysis used electron concentration as a basis. To clarify how the electronics-based transmissions in the UV–vis spectral range of several solvents (Gas, Water, DMSO, Ethanol, and Acetone) were determined, DFT analysis was also employed. Maximum wavelength (λ) absorbance and band-gap energy estimates for Balsalazide were calculated for different solvents. The electrophilicity index is used to theoretically explain bioactivity, while molecular docking is used to show how a ligand interacts with a protein. Through molecular docking, the Transcription classified proteins of 2Q1V and 4ME0 are examined. The drug-likeness of the molecule revealed its nature.

CFD simulation of two-phase flow in a batch-mode electrodialysis of lithium sulphate: Effect of gas evolution

Electrodialysis (ED) of Li2SO4 plays a crucial role in the closed-loop recycling of lithium-ion batteries. The enhanced flexibility and energy efficiency of batch-mode EDs highlight the significance of time-dependent models. The gaseous molecules evolved from electrochemical reactions induce localized turbulence, significantly impacting the velocity, potential, and concentration distributions. This study presents a two-phase model that analyzes the dynamic behaviour of a batch-mode Li2SO4 ED and investigates the bubbles’ impact employing an Euler-Euler model. The finite element method solves time-dependent hydrodynamic, mass conservation, and electrochemical equations. The model shows close agreement with experimental data, and incorporating the two-phase model reduces the concentration error from 20.6% to 10.3%. Bubbles-induced liquid circulation by buoyant and drag forces reduces concentration polarization, increasing transmembrane ionic fluxes and improving ED performance. Although bubbles increase ohmic overpotential, the enhanced ionic concentrations in concentrate channels due to bubble-induced liquid circulation reduce electrolyte resistance. Raising the inlet flowrate reduces the gas fraction and diminishes solution circulation.

A materials selection framework for fastener-in-panel geometries using FEM and LEFM, to mitigate coating degradation and environmentally assisted cracking

A finite element method (FEM) model was used to determine the potential, current, and current density distributions for a multi-material fastener/hole-in-plate configuration in an atmospheric environment. The plate consisted of bare Pyrowear 675 with or without a ZnNi coating, and the fastener consisted of Ti-6Al-4V with or without an anodization surface treatment. The potential distribution within the fastener hole was the focus of this work, as this region would represent the location of highest stress within the fastener/panel geometry. Separately, existing literature data were augmented by fracture mechanics-based evaluations of the environment-assisted cracking behavior of Pyrowear 675 as a function of electrode potential Pyrowear 675 in 3.0 M NaCl. Combining the fracture mechanics and FEM results allowed for a unified framework which was able to narrow a material selection matrix of 13 total scenarios to three scenarios, in an atmospheric environment of 0.6 M NaCl, specifically. The delayed drying out of occluded regions after the surface electrolyte has been evaporated was accounted for, with only one of the studied material selection combinations able to reduce the crack susceptibility under those conditions. A single pit within the fastener hole was also considered, and it was determined that the size of the pit had a larger impact on the potential than the location of the pit, which will aid in future computational assumptions.

Present status, future trends, and control strategies of invasive alien plants in China affected by human activities and climate change

Invasive alien plants (IAPs) have serious environmental and economic impacts, especially in vulnerable areas of China. However, IAP richness distribution patterns, their driving factors, and the dynamic shifts in potential distribution areas remain elusive. We assessed IAP richness distribution patterns and drivers using 402 IAPs recorded in China at 88 926 occurrence points, and then predicted their potential distribution areas. The results show that IAP hotspots were mainly located in southeastern China, especially coastal areas of the South and East and large inland cities. Population density, gross domestic product (GDP), and four climate variables associated with precipitation and temperature jointly influenced the richness distribution pattern of all IAPs. Specifically, population density and GDP impacted the richness distribution pattern of narrow‐range IAPs, and population density, GDP, distance to the nearest national highway, and five climate variables affected the richness distribution pattern of widespread IAPs. Only GDP contributed significantly to the richness distribution pattern of the top 5% hotspot grid cells, whereas population density, GDP, and precipitation in the driest month (BIO14) significantly influenced the richness distribution patterns of hotspots for both the top 10% and top 20%. Prediction analysis demonstrated that southeastern China would have particularly high invasion risk under both current and future climate scenarios. Regions with increases in predicted species richness are more common (44.83–64.97%) than those with decreases, except under the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 scenario. Climate change will contribute greatly to the expansion of potential IAP distribution areas under both optimistic (RCP 2.5) and pessimistic scenarios (RCP 8.5). The results of this study provide insights into the priority management of IAPs by developing promising strategies for the control and prevention of IAP invasion.

Kinetic Characteristics of Kerogens in the Kuonamka Complex, Lower and Middle Cambrian of the Siberian Platform

Abstract —The kinetic characteristics of kerogen (activation energy and frequency factor distributions of the initial generative potential) determine the dynamics of naphthide generation during catagenesis. In the previous studies on quantitative modeling of naphthidogenesis in the Kuonamka source rocks, the kinetic characteristics were taken by analogy with the known kerogens from other complexes and provinces. It seems relevant to determine the effective kinetic characteristics of the kerogen from the Kuonamka source rocks from experimental data. To estimate the kinetic parameters, specialized multi-rate pyrolysis studies were performed. The variations in pyrolysis data was reported to be presumably associated with the conditions of kerogen and source rock formation during accumulation and diagenesis of organic matter. The effect of carbonate and organic carbon contents on the temperature range of the second pyrolysis peak is recorded. Reconstruction of the average (effective) kinetic characteristics of kerogens from the Kuonamka source rock, was conducted using data on kerogens from Serkinsky-5 and 10 and Tit-Ebya-6 wells, which are less degraded than kerogens from Ust’-Maiskaya-366 well and probably attained the early mesocatagenesis grades. The current average effective kinetic characteristics of kerogen were estimated and corrected for the possible partial degradation of reference samples. The obtained effective kinetic models of kerogen are compared with models of kerogens of various genetic types known from the literature. The estimated effective kinetic characteristics of kerogens or Menil-1 and Type B kerogens with similar characteristics are to be taken, as a first approximation, in regional historical-genetic (basin) modeling of naphthide generation in the Kuonamka source rock.

Molecular Docking and DFT Calculations of Anthracene: Insights from Quantum Chemical Methods

AbstractThe molecular structure and spectroscopic data of (2E)‐1‐(Anthracen‐9‐yl)‐3‐(4‐nitrophenyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one are obtained from DFT (B3LYP) with 6‐31G(d,p) and 6‐31G+(d,p) basis set calculations. The geometry of the molecule is fully optimized, vibrational spectra are calculated and fundamental vibrations are assigned on the basis of potential energy distribution (PED) of the vibrational modes. Molecular parameters such as bond length and bond angle are calculated with the same level of theory. The intramolecular charge transfer is calculated by means of natural bond orbital analysis (NBO). Besides, the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), HOMO ‐ LUMO, Fukui functions, RDG and ELF are performed. The biological effect is made on the basis of prediction of molecular docking results.