Distribution Of National Income Research Articles

Social benefits for European Union immigrants? A survey experiment on misperceptions

Using new experimental panel data for Germany, I investigate the role of income misperceptions for welfare restrictive preferences toward European Union immigrants. A majority of respondents misperceive their relative income position in Germany and the European Union and demand that European Union immigrants work and pay taxes before obtaining equal rights to social benefits. Randomized treatments inform subjects about their position in the national and European Union income distribution. My results provide evidence that welfare restrictive preferences are formed in the context of misperceived own income positions: Respondents become more welfare restrictive when they learn about a higher national or lower European Union income position. Information about European Union misperceptions has a persistent treatment effect after 3 months, driven by respondents with larger initial misperceptions, but becomes insignificant after one year.

A Study on Innovation, Technology and Sustainability of MSME's

"SMEs are recognized as vital drivers of economic growth, fostering equitable development, and offering innovative solutions for sustainability. They play a pivotal role in creating employment opportunities, supporting industrialization in underdeveloped rural areas, and contributing to the equitable distribution of national income and wealth. However, surviving in the evolving global market demands not only enhanced productivity but also sustained growth through continuous innovation. Business sustainability necessitates self-assessment to identify areas for improvement, capitalize on strengths, and generate ideas for future organizational development. In India, SMEs, while crucial to the economy, often encounter challenges that lead to closures or unsustainable operations. Numerous studies highlight factors such as poor management, lack of innovative approaches, and short-termism as contributors to these difficulties. Therefore, the primary objective of this paper is to explore approaches that foster a better understanding of sustainable models, enhancing innovation and ensuring the longevity of SMEs."

КОНЦЕПЦИЯ СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ СИСТЕМЫ НАЛОГОВОЙ ДИСЦИПЛИНЫ: ИСТОРИЯ И ОСНОВЫ НАЛОГООБЛОЖЕНИЯ

This article discusses in detail the concept of «taxation». Taxation is a means by which the State, relying on its political power, participates in the distribution of national income and receives fiscal revenues in a prudent and gratuitous manner. Its essence reflects the relationship between the distribution of taxes between the state and taxpayers. Being an important instrument of state participation in the regulation of economic activity, taxation gradually formed a more scientific theoretical and legal management system in the course of long-term theoretical research and practical research. His specific theories and methods were gradually tested and improved in social practice.

Corporate social responsibility in relation to the economic dimension of socio-economic policy

ObjectivesCorporate social responsibility is a concept that allows organizing economic life both at the level of the organization and at the level of the state taking into account the broader interests of the social environment of a contemporary enterprise and stimulating inclusive growth in the quality of economic relations. Entrepreneurs are aware that they are expected not only to generate profits, but also to fairly shape relations with the entire socio-economic environment. CSR can be defined as a concept through which companies voluntarily take into account social and environmental interests at the stage of strategy building, as well as relations with various stakeholder groups. Being responsible does not just mean meeting all formal and legal requirements, but in addition to increased investment in human resources, environmental protection and stakeholder relations.Material and methodsThe purpose of the article is to theoretically analyze the role and importance of corporate social responsibility in the process of creating an inclusive and integrative role for economics and business in the economy. The article shows that neo-liberal concepts focusing on profit maximization at all costs and the "invisible" hand of the market have significantly devalued.ResultsIt is therefore possible to identify specific benefits of implementing corporate social responsibility principles. In the area of economic benefits, social environment and environmental.ConclusionsSocial responsibility benefits not only the company itself and its direct beneficiaries, but also the economy and the environment. Responsible selling allows to build loyalty and trust of employees, and consequently supports sustainable economic development based on social participation and equitable distribution of national income.

Equal Distribution of National Income through the Concept of Green Economy: an Exploratory Studies

The initiation of national economic growth gives the government a focus on handling economy equally in both rural and urban areas. The considerations that make the economy must be sustainable among others which the current generation who enjoys goods and services produced from natural resources and the environment has a moral obligation to leave the services of these natural resources for future generations. The aim of this research is initiated to promote equitable economic growth through the conservation of natural resources that can be used sustainably from each generation. The approach used in this research is qualitative with exploratory study method. The analysis technique used is literature search and case analysis related to the entity of equal distribution of national income and the green economy concept. The results of this study indicate that there are seven strategic steps and green economy using macro-regional economic indicators namely genuine saving to monitoring the distribution of national income. This result is to describe concepts of green economy, green growth and green development are basically intended to operationalize the linkages of economic, social and environmental pillars in the context of sustainable development.

The global distribution of gains from globalization

AbstractGlobal interpersonal inequality is increasingly driven by inequalities within countries while the role of inequality between countries diminishes. Is this due to globalization? To answer this question, we use comprehensive global panel data at the country-decile-group level for the past half century and exploit the geographic diffusion of liberalization policies to identify the effect of globalization. Across countries, we find that income gains are substantial for countries at early stages of the globalization process, but the ‘marginal returns to globalization’ diminish as globalization rises, eventually becoming insignificant for the most globalized countries. Within countries, gains from globalization are largest for the richest ten percent of national income distributions, resulting in substantial increases in national income inequalities. A simple quantitative model is consistent with these empirical results. Over the past half century, globalization has promoted a dual trend of income convergence across countries and income divergence within countries.

High Bowel Perforation Due Closed Abdominal Trauma in Patient with Chronic Desnutrition and Turner Syndrome. Clinical Case

Introduction: Surgical emergencies continue to be a public health problem it is estimated that 5 billion people around the world do not have access to surgery when they need it, particularly in the context of an emergency, this is even more true in countries of low economic income, low political culture and poor per capita distribution of national income, where nine out of ten people do not have access to basic surgical care. Clinical case: A 46-year-old female was admitted to the emergency department due to dyspnea and abdominal pain. She begins 7 days before her admission, with a fall from the stairs of her home. When she was admitted, she had a blood pressure of 60/40 mmHg, and significant abdominal distension, for which she began management with noradrenaline, Acute Kidney Injury was documented. A Simple Abdominal Computed Tomography was performed, which reported: Pancreas increased in size at the level of the head, peripancreatic heterogeneous collection, and free fluid in the abdominal cavity 7000 mL; Exploratory laparotomy was performed, which found: abundant purulent and intestinal fluid in the cavity, perforation of 50% of the intestinal lumen at 12 cm and denuding of the serosa at 60 cm from the angle of Treitz, pancreatic tumor; the abdominal cavity is cleaned, a pancreatic biopsy is taken. During her hospital stay, she was managed with broad-spectrum antibiotics, Parenteral Nutrition, she presented metabolic pancreatitis due to TPN 4 days after treatment, Upper Digestive Tract Bleeding that required transfusions; she began an enteral liquid diet, progressed towards improvement until her hospital discharge 19 days after surgery. The histopathological report of pancreatic biopsy reported inflammatory tissue. Discussion: Trauma patients may visit the emergency department on foot, in private vehicles, or via an emergency medical service. In Japan, ambulances are available to everyone free of charge, and the telephone triage system recommends that patients with minor injuries go to the emergency department on their own and those with serious injuries use the Emergency Medical Service.

Accounting as an element of practical economic theory

Introduction. Business accounting as a branch of human activity has a centuries- old history of development. The development of forces and relations of production has resulted in bookkeeping’s evolvement into accounting. Accordingly, the emergence and establishment of accountancy as a profession accompanied the long and natural process of labour division. This is due to the fact that accounting satisfies the business owners’ need for reliable and objective information on the fair value of revenues, losses, assets, liabilities, equity and the state’s need for data on creation and distribution of national income generated by business entities, composition of important micro and macro economic indicators.Research goal – to update the meaning of accounting in accordance with the assessment of its historical influence on the development of the world economy, to refine the theoretical foundations of accounting’s development as a science using the provisions of economic theory.Research methods. The research goal is achieved through the use of methods based on theoretical generalization, systematization, dialectic approach to scientific cognition of economic phenomena and processes studied by economic theory and other sciences; these made it possible to examine the relationship between accounting and economic theory and other sciences, as well as to reflect the effect of economic laws on business performance and determine directions for future research.Results. Historical approaches of renowned economists to the role accounting in the development of forces and relations of production are systemized and analyzed. The article presents the methodological components of accounting’s development, its relationship with economic theory, requirements of economic laws, and basic and fundamental sciences. The importance of using general mathematical and natural sciences is highlighted in view of the wide application of information computer technology in accounting. As a result, the author concludes that accounting is a practical element of economic theory. Consequently, the suggested changes to the current procedure for recording revenues and VAT in the system of accounting take into consideration the requirements of basic economic laws. Implementation of the proposed recommendations will ensure more efficient operation of business entities by improving their financial conditions and will increase state budget revenues.Prospects. Future research should focus on deepening the connection between the economic theory and the methodology and current practices of accounting.

Non-parametric projections of national income distribution consistent with the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways

Understanding and projecting income distributions within countries and regions is important to understanding consumption trends and the distributional consequences of climate impacts and responses. Several global, country-level projections of income distribution are available but most project only the Gini coefficient (a summary statistic of the distribution) or utilize the Gini along with the assumption of a lognormal distribution. We test the lognormal assumption and find that it typically underestimates income in the highest deciles and over-estimates it in others. We find that a new model based on two principal components of national time series data for income distribution provides a better fit to the data for all deciles, especially for the highest and lowest. We also construct a projection model in which the first principal component is driven by the Gini coefficient and the second captures deviations from this relationship. We use the model to project income distribution by decile for all countries for the five shared socioeconomic pathways. We find that inequality is consistently higher than projections based on the Gini and the lognormal functional form, with some countries reaching ratios of the highest to lowest income deciles that are almost three times their value using the lognormal assumption.

Do Wages Reflect Growth Productivity – Comparing the European East and West?

ABSTRACT The research determines the gap (Great Decoupling) between labour productivity and workers’ compensation in the two blocks of EU countries (Western versus Eastern). The division of countries into two groups provides a basis further to determine whether the previous socio-economic and political evolutionary development of these countries blocks still has a significant impact on the functional distribution of national income, on the extent to which labour productivity growth is transmitted to workers. The results are heterogeneous. In the sample of highly developed Western EU countries where higher levels of labour productivity, as well as high levels of technological development, lead to an increase in labour productivity to be followed by a lower increase in workers’ compensation. On the sample of Eastern EU countries, results indicate different relationships and the strength of causality between productivity and labour compensation. Central-East EU countries had a more positive relationship between real workers’ compensation and labour productivity, compared to the Southeast Europe (Balkan) countries where an increase in workers’ compensation causes a reduction in labour productivity. The results also offer a solid basis for understanding wage/income/productivity relationships d for creating policies for a more efficient distribution of national income.

WORLD STOCK MARKET: CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF STOCK EXCHANGE

The stock exchange is the main element of the stock market, and it is also an indicator of the efficiency of capital movement and the rapid development of the economy. It is a virtual marketplace where buyers and sellers can trade existing securities. Stocks are also called stocks or equity, most companies have shares with a turnover of more than a billion dollars. Stock exchanges play a great role in the structure of the leading stock prices, exchange courses and indexes in the country's economy. The stock market acts as a powerful and effective platform for the realization of opportunities for the mobilization of financial resources and the birth of a number of new competitive investment instruments. The main role of the stock exchange is to serve the movement of money capital, which mediates the distribution and redistribution of national income both in the national economy as a whole and between social groups, sectors and spheres of the economy. А stock trading can be considered any market where bonds are bought and sold, the prices of which are determined by offer and purchase. The activity of the stock exchange largely determines the efficiency of the stock market and the degree of influence on economic processes in the country. It is the stock exchange that ensures the concentration of demand and supply of securities, their balance at the expense of stock exchange pricing, which truly reflects the level of efficiency of the functioning of equity capital. For each financial system, the determining factor is the degree of involvement of the banking sector and the stock market in the process of financing the investment activity of enterprises. The development of the stock market increases the degree of participation of companies in the process of raising additional funds for their investment programs by placing their securities on the market, and a developed stock market also plays a key role in financing the economy compared to the banking sector. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to evaluate the process of globalization of the stock market in the world environment and analyze current state. Indicators of the stock market in the world were also considered and the main conditions of restraint to the prospects of its effective functioning were highlighted. The state and development prospects of well-known stock exchanges and further possible directions for improvement of the world stock market are analyzed.

Research on the Correlation between National Economic Growth and Income Distribution Indicators (Gini Coefficient)

The issue of economic growth is the oldest topic in economics, and it is also a worldwide topic.Throughout the history of economic growth in various countries around the world, growth is often associated with income distribution, and differences in economic growth among countries have led to unequal distribution of income levels.At the same time, the disparity of income distribution also affects the economic growth of various countries.This paper firstly selects relevant statistical data from 1971 to 2018, establishes appropriate econometric models, and verifies and revises the models through various statistical testing methods.Then the relationship between economic growth and its related economic index (Gini coefficient) is quantitatively analyzed.Finally, through the analysis of the final regression model in economic significance, the relevant policy recommendations are put forward.

The Redistributive (and Distributive) Functions of Polish Labour Law

The article discusses the redistributive (distributive) function of labour law. Labour law standards are a fundamental instrument in the primary distribution of national income and are of vital importance for the quality of life of wide groups of employees. Their formation is an important factor in maintaining the homeostasis in employment relationships.

PROBLEMS OF HANDLOOM INDUSTRY IN KERALA: A CASE STUDY OF BALARAMAPURAM HANDLOOM INDUSTRY

Handloom sector has often been hailed as the engine of economic growth for countries as it plays a crucial role in providing large-scale employment opportunities at a lower cost of capital, while also uplifting rural and backward communities through industrialization, resulting in a more equitable distribution of national income and wealth. Handloom is one of the important traditional sectors of our economy. Small scale industries are important because it helps in increasing employment and economic development of Kerala. Since independence, our handloom sector has been at the peak stage. But at present, modernization and mechanization caused the vanishing of traditional handloom sectors.

Data supplement to "Non-parametric projections of national income distribution consistent with the SSPs"

Data supplement to "Non-parametric projections of national income distribution consistent with the SSPs"

The impact of government grants on the level of corporate cash dividend payments Research

As a way to compensate for market failures, intervene in the market economy and support specific industries, government subsidies are important for improving the efficiency of fiscal expenditure, adjusting and optimising the economic structure and rationalising the distribution of national income. The level of cash dividend payment often reflects the operating conditions of enterprises, and the impact of government subsidies on the level of cash dividend payment of enterprises can reflect whether the allocation of government subsidies is reasonable. This project uses data from 4,610 non-financial listed enterprises in China A-shares from 2016 to 2020 to conduct an empirical study on the relationship between government subsidies and cash dividend payout levels, and to explore the impact of government subsidies separately by industry. The study found that: government subsidies have a general effect on the increase of cash dividend payment level of enterprises; the fundamental factor that government subsidies have different effects on the cash dividend payment level of different industries is the requirement of cash flow of enterprises; the new manufacturing industry, wholesale and retail industry, real estate industry and agriculture, forestry and fishery industry are significantly affected by government subsidies.

Rethinking the Lebanese economic miracle: The extreme concentration of income and wealth in Lebanon, 2005–2014

I combine household surveys, national accounts and unique personal income tax records to produce the first estimates of the national income distribution in an Arab country, Lebanon. I find that income is extremely concentrated over the 2005–2014 period: The top 1 and 10 percent of the adult population received almost 25 and 55 percent of national income on average, placing Lebanon among the countries with the highest levels of income inequality in the world. These results challenge a long lasting narrative according to which inequality levels are not that high in the Middle East. They also confirm results from a large literature that emphasizes how the Lebanese sectarian-based mode of governance has allowed the ruling elite to extract large rents for decades and at the expense of the majority of citizens.

Effects of Welfare Indicators on Economic Growth in Turkiye

Debates over economic growth generally focus on factor supply, especially capital accumulation, labor stock and skill, natural resources, and technological capacity. Quality of human life, as well as distribution of national income among citizens are evaluated in terms of their effects on growth performance, in this study. The relationship between economic growth, human development, and income distribution in Turkiye is analyzed with ARDL test using the data of 1990-2017 period. Findings indicate that the series are cointegrated. A long run relationship was determined between Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDP), and human development index (HDI) and the measure of income distribution, namely the Gini coefficient (GINI). Granger causality test indicates a unidirectional causality from HDI to GDP. Based on the long-run estimation results, it has been observed that there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between GDP and HDI, while there is a negative and statistically significant relationship between GDP and GINI, in the long-run.

Your Place in the World: Relative Income and Global Inequality

Although there is abundant evidence on individual preferences for policies that reduce national inequality, there is very little evidence on preferences for policies addressing global inequality. To investigate the latter, we conducted a two-year, face-to-face survey experiment on a representative sample of Germans. We measure how individuals form perceptions of their ranks in the national and global income distributions and how these perceptions relate to their national and global policy preferences. We find that Germans systematically underestimate their true place in the world’s income distribution but that correcting those misperceptions does not affect their support for policies related to global inequality. (JEL D12, D31, D63, H23)

Data supplement to "Non-parametric projections of national income distribution consistent with the SSPs"

Data supplement to "Non-parametric projections of national income distribution consistent with the SSPs"