Distribution Of Microelements Research Articles

Subduction, collision and plumes in the epoch of the Late Paleozoic magmatism of the Magnitogorsk zone (the Southern Urals)

Subject. A systematization of Late-Paleozoic magmatic formations of the Magnitogorsk zone of the Southern Urals in the process of an accretion of the Magnitogorsk paleoarc to the margin of the East European continent (EEC) with formation in Famenian and Carboniferous active continent margin of South-Uralian accretionary-collisional belt was given in the work.Materials and methods. A generalization of published and manuscript materials characterizing magmatism and ore-mineralization of Magnitogorsk zone for the Devonian-Carboniferous-Permian time carried out, additional investigations of chemical composition of rocks (XRF, ISP-MS) characterizing process of accretion, subduction and plume activity, microelement distribution in them was made, the composition of rock-forming and accessory minerals (EPMA) was studied.Results. It is found that the South-Uralian accretionary-collisional belt was beginning to form in the late phase of the development of the Magnitogorsk island arc in the process its collision with EEC margin with formation in the Frasnian and Carboniferous of active continental margin. The products of Late-island-arc volcanism are represented by the porphyrite formation and in the eastern frame of the arc - by subalkaline monzonite-shoshonite-latite volcanic-intrusive association with intermediate characteristics between the subductional and interplate formations. Synchronously with them, in the backarc setting, picrite and meymechite volcanics − derivatives of a mantle plume are formed. In process of substitution of tectonic-magmatic regime from island-arc to margin-continental intraplate-type mantle series were forming. During this period, hot asthenospheric diapirs (plumes) were rising to the bottom of new-formed (accreted) margin-continental lithosphere. Along with the magmatic associations of intraplate type and rock series of intermediate geochemical type, this geodynamic situation in the Southern Urals is characterized by a presence of great volumes of mantle-crust granitoids of gabbro-tonalite-granodiorite-granite type, that were formed with a manifold manifestation of anatexis in a time interval of 365-290 Ma.Conclusion.On the whole the originality of Magnitogorsk zone geological history in the Devonian and Carboniferous, peculiarities of magmatic complexes formed here due to various geodynamic settings, are making this zone an extraordinary interesting and important object to study of processes of plume-lithosheric and mantle-crust interaction.

FEATURES OF MICROELEMENTS ACCUMULATION IN ROSA ACICULARIS PLANTS

The purpose of this study was to determine the microelements (Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Co, Cd) content and distribution in the aboveground and underground parts of the Rosa acicularis, grown in different ecological conditions in the Barguzinsky district (the Republic of Buryatia). Atomic absorption spectrometry was used to determine the concentration of microelements. The highest concentrations of Zn, Cu, Ni, and Co are found in the roots of R. acicularis, Mn, Cr, Pb, and Cd in the leaves, and Fe in the sepals. The rows of metal accumulation in different plant parts have a similar sequence – Fe> Mn> Zn> Cu> Cr> Pb> Ni> Co> Cd. The different intensity of elements accumulation by plants from the soil was detected. It was show Fe, Mn, Cr, Pb and Cd transfer in vegetative parts of plants without barrier, while Zn, Cu, Ni, and Co are characterized by a barrier type of accumulation. Due to the high level accumulation of Mn, Cr and Co barriers can be used as a potential source of these elements.

Silicon Alleviates Iron Deficiency in Barley by Enhancing Expression of Strategy II Genes and Metal Redistribution.

The beneficial effects of silicon (Si) have been shown on plants using reduction-based strategy for iron (Fe) acquisition. Here we investigated the influence of Si on Fe deficiency stress alleviation in barley (Hordeum vulgare), a crop plant which uses the chelation-based strategy for Fe acquisition. Analyses of chlorophyll content, ROS accumulation, antioxidative status, concentrations of Fe and other micronutrients, along with the expression of Strategy II genes were studied in response to Si supply. Si successfully ameliorated Fe deficiency in barley, diminishing chlorophyll and biomass loss, and improving the activity of antioxidative enzymes, resulting in lowered reactive oxidative species accumulation in the youngest leaves. Alleviation of Fe deficiency stress correlated well with the Si-induced increase of Fe content in the youngest leaves, while it was decreased in root. Moreover, Si nutrition lowered accumulation of other micronutrients in the youngest leaves of Fe deprived plants, by retaining them in the root. On the transcriptional level, Si led to an expedient increase in the expression of genes involved in Strategy II Fe acquisition in roots at the early stage of Fe deficiency stress, while decreasing their expression in a prolonged stress response. Expression of Strategy II genes was remarkably upregulated in the leaves of Si supplied plants. This study broadens the perspective of mechanisms of Si action, providing evidence for ameliorative effects of Si on Strategy II plants, including its influence on accumulation and distribution of microelements, as well as on the expression of the Strategy II genes.

Reconstruction of Sources in River Sediments in the Lower Part of the Bureya River Based on Geochemical Indices

The results of studies of the macro- and microelement composition of the riverbed sediments of the Bureya River are presented. Analysis of the changes in the distribution of microelements (rare-earth elements), as well as in the values of geochemical indices (WIP, STI, R, CIA, CIW, PIA, and V), shows that the sediments in different parts of the river were formed by various sources. Thus, the values of the mentioned indices, as well as their trends, allow one to assume that the primary matter sources in the upper (mountain) reaches of the Bureya River are granitoids occurring within the bounds of the river valley. This part of the river shows downstream a regular increase in the fraction of more weathered matter in the erosion area. The indices of chemical weathering in the riverbed deposits of the lower reaches of the Bureya River (the river reaching the submountain plain) do not follow the trend appearing in the upper reaches. The riverbed sediments as such in the lower reaches of the Bureya River are similar in chemical composition to the sediments of the Amur River. The author assumes in view of these facts that the riverbed sediments of the lower reaches of the Bureya River are mainly constituted by the substance supplied by the Amur River.

Chemical alteration of sediments on early stage of existing of hydrothermal systems in spreading zones of sedimented ridges (hydrothermal field “Dead Dog”, Middle Valley, Juan de Fuca Ridge)

In sediments from Holes DSDP 858B, D, F, located near the active hot vent on the thermal field “Dead Dog” in the northern part of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, Middle Valley, a redistribution of chemical elements occurs as a result of solution-rock interaction. During this process, the increase/decrease of their content in hydrothermally altered sediments inversely reflects the decrease/increase of their content in the solution. Nonregular distribution of microelements and REE’s in hydrothermally altered sediments, like a layer pie, reflects the participation of both ascending hydrothermal fluids and lateral flows of hydrothermal solutions in alteration of chemical composition of sediments.

Elemental Concentration in Serpentinitic Soils over Ultramafic Bedrock in Sierra Bermeja (Southern Spain)

Although the presence of potentially toxic metals in soils is normally associated with human soil pollution, these elements also appear naturally in environments in which the lithological base contains ultramafic rocks such as peridotites. Serpentinitic soils tend to develop on substrates of this kind, often containing metals with few or no known biological functions, which in some cases are toxic for most plants. This study assessed the level of potentially toxic metals and other elements in an endorheic basin discovered in Sierra Bermeja (Southern Spain), one of the largest peridotite outcrops on Earth. In this location—of particular interest given that basins of this kind are very rare on peridotites—six geomorphoedaphic sub-units on three different substrates were identified. The distribution of microelements in these sub-units was analyzed, and stratified random sampling was performed to identify the major ions with essential functions for living organisms and the potentially toxic metals. The lowest values for macronutrients appeared in the soils formed on ultramafic materials. When analyzing the load of potentially toxic metals, no significant differences were detected between the soils formed on serpentinite and peridotite substrates, although different values were obtained in the soils formed over acidic rocks.

Study of microelement distribution uniformity in a bulk of dough enriched with dietary supplements

The expediency of introduction of dietary supplements based on the chelate complex in food systems and ensuring uniformity of their distribution was substantiated. The objective was to elucidate uniformity of distribution of microelements sorbed on carrier macromolecules and the effect of supplements on functional and technological properties of the dough preparations. Preparations from yeast, puff pastry and unleavened dough with introduced supplements based on the chelate complex were the study subjects. Distribution of the dietary supplement based on the chelate complex in the food system volume and its influence on functional and technological properties of the food systems under study was elucidated. Nuclear magnetic resonance and electron paramagnetic resonance methods, low-temperature calorimetric method and rheological study methods were used.It has been established that powdered supplements based on the stabilized chelate affect mobility and interaction of water molecules with environment of the test dough preparations. It was proved that introduction of metal chelate in the form of a powdered food supplement makes it possible to ensure uniformity of metal distribution in the volume of the preparations under study. It was determined that an increase in amount of chilled water takes place in the dough samples with an introduced dietary supplement based on the chelate complex in comparison with the control samples. The established data indicate growth of amount of bound water provided that a supplement was added. It was noted that the stabilized chelate was mainly in a saturated state since water of the dough preparations was in a «bound» state. A change of elastic properties was established in the test dough preparations with a dietary supplement based on the chelate complex. The obtained results are explained by the change of free to bound water ratio in the food systems under study.The prospects of using powdered supplements with stabilized metal chelates in technologies of food enrichment were proved. It was pointed out that the task of further studies consists in determination of distribution of other microelements of the chelates forming the basis of dietary supplements in the volume of food systems.

INVESTIGATIONS OF THE FUNCTIONAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF DOUGH SEMI-PRODUCTS ENRICHED WITH DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS

The work is devoted to improving technologies of enriching food raw materials and products. The object of the research is dough semi-products of leavened, puff and unleavened dough, enriched with a dietary supplement, based on the chelate complex. The conducted studies are directed on investigating the evenness of distribution of microelements in the volume of dough semi-products and establishing the influence of a supplement on functional-technological properties of these semi-products. At that there were used methods of nuclear magnetic resonance, electronic paramagnetic resonance, low-temperature calorimetric method and rheological research methods. The method of nuclear magnetic resonance established that a dietary supplement, based on the chelate complex influences the mobility and interaction of water molecules with an environment in dough semi-products. The method of electronic paramagnetic resonance proved the evenness of distribution of a microelement of a dietary supplement by the volume of studied dough semi-product. Rheological and low-temperature calorimetric methods established that an introduced supplement favors a change of the qualitative and quantitative composition of system water of studied semi-products and changes their elastic properties. The obtained results proved the efficiency of using a powder-like supplement with stabilized chelates of metals in technologies of enriching food products.

Assessment of the Microelement Distribution among the Structural Components of Coal

Abstract—Methods have been developed for statistical assessment of the distribution of the gross content of microelements among the main components of the coal. Thus, by a process of resolution, a series of concentrations is obtained: in the initial coal → in the mineral component → in the organic matter of the coal (I) → in the organic matter of the coal series, such as humic acids (II) → in the organic matter of the biochemical series (III). The gross content of a microelement in the initial coal must be regarded as the sum of its concentrations in different components: the concentration in the mineral component due to clastic mineral impurity; the concentration in organic component (I), which is the sum of the concentrations created by organic matter in the coal itself and the infiltration–organic concentration; and the bioorganic concentration, associated with coalification of the biomass (III). The details of these distributions are considered. As an illustration, the gross content of germanium is analyzed to determine the germanium concentrations in the main components of coal from the Pogranichnoe and Irgensk fields of the Zabaikal region.

The investigations of equitability of microelements distribution in the volume of emulsion type sauces enriched by dietary additives

The equitability of microelements distribution in the volume of emulsion type sauces enriched by dietary supplements was investigated by the EPR-method. The homogeneity of the distribution of the label and the introduced microelements of the dietary supplement in the volume of the studied food systems in the containers with dimensions up to 60 mm is proved. The insignificant effect of sedimentation on the uniformity of the structure water system and the distribution of the label and microelements of the added additive is established during the recommended storage periods

Spatial distribution of soil pollutants in urban green areas (a case study in Belgrade)

In urban areas, the presence of toxic microelements in the environment due to the anthropogenic impact (primarily of traffic) poses a serious problem. The negative impact of pollution on populated urban areas is particularly manifest in children. To establish the level of microelement pollution, at 40 localities in the municipality of Stari grad in Belgrade we sampled surface soil near kindergartens and schools during 2013. By applying remote sensing and GIS, small green areas were selected and the spatial distribution of microelements was determined. Because of their different origins and anthropogenic impact, three heavy metals, Cd, Ni and Zn, were examined; the level of soil pollution was assessed by determining their total content, pollution index (Pi), enrichment factor (EF), single risk factor (Ei) and ecological risk index (RI). The highest concentration established was that of Zn, with a mean value of 223.11 mg/kg. The Pi values for Zn (2.96) and Cd (2.98) were similar. Due to the prevailing geological substrate, Ni had the lowest EF (0.75) and Ei (3.09). The effect of the geological substrate on the Ni content was also confirmed by its very high concentration along the banks of the rivers Sava and Danube, while the total contents and factors for Cd and Zn indicated that they were concentrated in the city center. Our results show that 30.72% of the green areas in the city center have a moderate RI, which indicates that the examined pollutants do not present a danger to children.

Distribution of microelements in human articular cartilage - initial report

Distribution of microelements in human articular cartilage - initial report

Properties of biocomposite on the “bone-tocarbon nano implant” border

Novice carbon nanostructural material was investigated to estimate its integration to the bone tissue. Wedge osteotomy of a femur bone performed in experimental circumstance on 26 white rats (control=6, experiment=21). Wedge-shaped (h=4 mm, r=3 mm, α=12) implants were crafted from carbon nano-structural material and used to fill bone’s defect. Rats withdrove from the experiment in 3 months. Mechanical properties of the “bone-wedge-bone” block evaluated by the 3-point bending test. Field emission scanning electron microscope used to investigate biocomposite at the bone-to-implant border. The microelements distribution in the samples measured with energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Biomechanical properties of bone-to-implant biocomposite depend on clinical features of consolidation. Anyway, the toughness (T) of bone-to-implant zone is worse than bone-to-bone regenerate significantly (Tcontr = 56.97 MPa, Texp = 47.68 Mpa, Welsh p-value = 2.689e-07). No Ca, or P reveals in the body of implants. The quality and the thickness of the biocomposite on the bone-to-implant border predetermine clinical results of bone substitution. The absence of microelements inside the body of implants confirms that the implant structure is too subtle. Increasing porosity of material and creation of transverse channels can improve bone conduction and scaffold quality of carbon nano-implants.

Experimental study of eclogitization and melting of basic rocks at Р = 4 GPa and Т = 1200–1400°С

Experimental study of gabbro–norite eclogitization and melting at P = 4 GPa has made it possible to reveal the effective influence of fluid and temperature on the phase relationships. The melt composition varies from andesite–dacite in “dry conditions” to phonolite and carbonate in the presence of a fluid. The Grt-containing melting curve is replaced by the Cpx-containing liquidus as the temperature changes or a fluid is added. Hence, the possible presence of “garnetitite” and “clinopyroxenite” in the upper mantle was proved experimentally. The ultimate pressure of the spinel facies at the depth of the eclogite upper mantle is controlled by the stability of Cht ≤ 4 GPa. The revealed similarity of the spectra of REE-adakite, tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite (TTG), and melts formed under the partial melting of eclogitized gabbro–norite does not contradict the existing ideas of the eclogite source of the TTG rocks. Wide variations in the interphase microelement distribution factors D (Grt, Cpx)/L are indicative of effective fractionation of the microelements in the course of eclogite melting and differentiation.

磁化微咸水灌溉对欧美杨I-107微量元素和碳氮磷养分特征的影响

磁化微咸水灌溉对欧美杨I-107微量元素和碳氮磷养分特征的影响

Distribution of Macro and Microelements in the Bottom Sediments of Lower Irtysh

Distribution of Macro and Microelements in the Bottom Sediments of Lower Irtysh

Features of trace metal distribution in the components of the ecosystem of the Lost City hydrothermal vent field (North Atlantic)

The biogeochemical features of the microelement distribution in the components of the ecosystem of the Lost City low-temperature field of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge are determined by the processes of serpentinization in ultrabasic rocks. In the Lost City biotope water, the concentration of trace metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cd, Ni, Cr, Pb, and As) is from n × 10 to 104 times higher than in the ocean water. The microelement content demonstrates a similar character of distribution in both types of calcite biominerals forming the carbonate matrix of the bivalve mussels Bathymodiolus and the scleractinian corals Anthozoa.

GRAFTING: A USEFUL TOOL TO INCREASE TOLERANCE TO TOXIC ELEMENTS IN VEGETABLES UNDER ARID AND SEMIARID CONDITIONS

Agricultural production in arid and semiarid regions relies mainly on irrigation. Due to the scarcity of water resources in these regions, the use of marginal water sources (saline water and treated effluent) for irrigation is on the rise. Marginal water can contain high concentrations of salts and toxic microelements. Long-term use of this water for irrigation can decrease fruit yield and increase the accumulation and concentration of toxic elements in the plant and fruit. The effects of grafting on the uptake and distribution of toxic microelements within the plant were determined in several experiments conducted in the field and in greenhouses. In general, grafting of melon plants onto Cucurbita rootstock increased their tolerance to salinity and to high concentrations of toxic elements. Moreover, the concentrations of toxic elements, such as B, Zn, Sr, Mn, Cu, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cd, and Na, were lower in the shoots and fruit of grafted vs. non-grafted plants. Quantitative calculations of the toxic elements’ concentrations in the xylem-sap exudates and in plant shoot and root tissues revealed exclusion and retention of these elements by the pumpkin root system. Grafting appears to be potentially useful for increasing the tolerance of vegetable crops to toxic elements, and for preventing the entry of contaminants and saline elements into the human food supply. Therefore, grafting is suggested as a useful tool for successful vegetable growth under arid and semiarid conditions.

Macro- and microelement distribution in organs of Glyceria maxima and biomonitoring applications

The content of nutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) and of trace metals (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cd, Co and Ni) in water, bottom sediments and various organs of Glyceria maxima from 19 study sites selected in the Jeziorka River was determined. In general, the concentrations of nutrients recorded in the plant material decreased in the following order: leaf>root>rhizome>stem, while the concentrations of the trace elements showed the following accumulation scheme: root>rhizome>leaf>stem. The bioaccumulation and transfer factors for nutrients were significantly higher than for trace metals. G. maxima from agricultural fields was characterised by the highest P and K concentrations in leaves, and plants from forested land contained high Zn and Ni amounts. However, the manna grass from small localities showed high accumulation of Ca, Mg and Mn. Positive significant correlations between Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, Co and Ni concentrations in water or sediments and their concentrations in plant indicate that G. maxima may be employed as a biomonitor of trace element contamination. Moreover, a high degree of similarity was noted between self-organizing feature map (SOFM)-grouped sites of comparable quantities of elements in the water and sediments and sites where G. maxima had a corresponding content of the same elements in its leaves. Therefore, SOFM could be recommended in analysing ecological conditions of the environment from the perspective of nutrients and trace element content in different plant species and their surroundings.

Distribution of microelements in goats

Information is given on the microelement composition of milk, wool, and skin of goats and the regularities of mineral metabolism providing the distribution of microelements in them are established. The expediency of using the “milk/wool” distribution coefficient for evaluating the chronic uptake of heavy metals into milk is shown.