Distribution Of Material Resources Research Articles

Modeling of trade and production hub in the conditions of Industry 4.0

The article is dedicated to the current issues of researching digital transformation in accordance with global standards, global competition, and social aspects. The previous transformation practices of food enterprises in line with the requirements of Industry 4.0 have been analyzed. A physical concept of a digitized trade and production hub has been designed in accordance with Industry 4.0, encompassing both production and trade complexes. It represents an innovative and promising initiative that addresses a range of current problems on a national and regional scale. To ensure the effective functioning of the digitized trade and production hub concept in line with Industry 4.0, a mechanism for an automated system for receiving raw materials and finished products from suppliers, accounting, production, and acceptance of finished products, control of supplier raw material and product stocks, operation of the trading floor and digital stand, traceability of the movement of goods and material values for the formation of preliminary orders to the supplier of raw materials and finished products, the functioning of the value creation logistics chain for the supplier and the trade and production hub, and the distribution of material resources between suppliers and the Industry 4.0 trade and production hub have been developed. A concept of a digitized trade and production hub in accordance with Industry 4.0 and mechanisms of its functioning, which are automated, have been designed. The proposed concept aims to increase the efficiency of production and logistic processes, inventory control, automatic order generation, and raw material distribution. It is worth noting that the developed model in accordance with Industry 4.0 is aimed at optimizing resources, reducing operational costs, improving the quality of manufactured products, supporting local manufacturers, providing an opportunity for small local manufacturers to collectively use modern digital technologies, and increasing employment at both the local and regional levels. The franchising model serves as an additional scaling tool for Industry 4.0 trade and production hubs, allowing the integration of innovative enterprises into a unified production-digitalized ecosystem.

Application of international experience in solving problems of technical and logistical support of troops of the Republic of Kazakhstan

The article discusses the current problems of technical and logistical support of the troops of the Republic of Kazakhstan and ways to solve them, including the use of international experience of the leading developed countries of the world. It is strategically important for our country to study the world practice of modernization of the logistics support system on its preparation for actions during operations to resolve crisis situations both independently and as part of the OSCE coalition group. Despite the fact that the provisions of the Military Doctrine of the state on the use of military force are strictly defensive in nature, the military security of the republic directly depends on new forms and methods of using armed forces. The logistics system plays an important role in this regard. The article highlighted problems like national differences in approaches to the preparation and conduct of joint military operations; incompatibility of a number of national military systems; an underdeveloped network of transport infrastructure facilities and the complexity of logistics of supply transportation. As an option for their solution, the development of a logistics support system model based on cooperation with the civil sector of the economy under the Public-Private Partnership program is proposed. At the same time, digitalization and automation of logistics management processes, accounting and distribution of material resources should be highlighted as the main direction of modernization of logistics and technical support.

Defense industrial policy in a changing international order: rethinking transatlantic burden-sharing

ABSTRACT Though it is a core function of a sovereign state, governments do not navigate defense policy free from outside influences and constraints. The provision of external security requires armed forces to be adequately equipped but the distribution of material resources - defense-industrial capacity – for such equipment is not even but rather concentrated in the international system. How do alliance politics and defense-industrial policy connect? Our contribution highlights the material resources for military alliance effectiveness and emphasizes a strategic view of the relationship between these material factors and alliance burden-sharing. The sudden surge in demand for materiel resulting from Russia’s invasion of Ukraine revealed the defense-industrial fault lines within the transatlantic alliance. We outline existing dependencies and interdependencies, identify trade-offs and connections between industrial policy and defense spending, and formulate policy recommendations based on our findings. Taking a political economy of security perspective, these recommendations are aimed at a better understanding of how industrial politics and alliance stability are intertwined. They suggest pathways to a new and more stable transatlantic defense-industrial bargain in an era of increased great power conflict.

On Intra-Group Allocative Efficiency of Resources in Industrial Business Models

The main reason for the creation of industrial firms with complex hierarchies is the transaction and optimization of resources, and the scaling of specific investments. The allocative efficiency of the resource portfolio determines the or-ganizational and economic results of the industrial business models cooperation. The article is devoted to modeling the impact of intra-group allocation of produc-tion assets on the revenue and profitability of sales for group of industrial enter-prises. We also construct scenarios for optimizing its resource portfolio. The me-thodologically study is based on neo-institutional economic theories (contract theory, the agency problem theory) and the macroeconomic analysis. The methods are econometric and scenario modeling. The information base of the study was da-ta on economic activity for eight enterprises from UMK-Steel LTD of the multi-functional holding «Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company». We select a re-gression analysis toolkit that allows for a comprehensive and relevant measure-ment of the impact of various types of resources on the efficiency in the group of industrial enterprises. The results of empirical testing revealed the relationship be-tween the structure of fixed assets, as well as labor resources, and the indicators of revenue and profitability of sales in UMK-Steel LTD. The distribution of material resources between the enterprises of the group has practically no effect on its per-formance indicators. Further, we identify the base scenario for allocation of the resource portfolio. The proposed methodology contributes to the development of approaches to the system analysis of intragroup allocative efficiency in complex hierarchical industrial business models.

PUBLIC DIPLOMACY

At thepresent stage of human development, we are witnessing the accumulation of more and more global problems. These include climate change, the growing food crisis, migration, international terrorism, etc. The old system of international security, established since the end of World War II, has served for many years as a guarantor of stability in maintaining peace both at the regional and international levels. But already in the 20th century, we are witnessing the collapse of the former security system by major Powers. The era of globalization in which we live has dramatically changed the lives of entire peoples and regions, and external circumstances emphasize the fragility of such a system. The rapid digitalization of society and the emergence of new technologies also create certain risks, through direct or indirect distortion of reliable information, which we are now witnessing. In the modern world, social hierarchy is provided not only on the basis of the distribution of material resources, but also to an increasing extent on the basisof the distribution of symbolic resources. In a rapidly changing world, attention is still being paid to the importance of non-military methods and information technologies in foreign policy and the management of modern political processes, and the state is losing its absolute power monopoly in international political processes. There are processes of disintegration both at the level of interstate relations and in the whole world. Based on the increasing role of the image of the state and other actors of international relations in political processes, scientific interest in the problem of image formation by means of public diplomacy in the international arena has increased in recent decades due to the fact that an opportunity has presented itself to take a fresh look at the information and communication field of state activity. The term "public diplomacy" has different interpretations, but they are reduced to two main ones: diplomacy carried out by non-state actors in international relations, and diplomacy whose object of influence is, first of all, the public opinion of other countries.

GENERAL APPROACH TO PROJECT MATERIAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

The subject matter of the article is the processes of managing the material resources of the project. The goal of the work is to form a generalized approach to the management of material resources project by determining and formalizing the management processes of them. The following tasks were solved in the article: the processes of managing material resources project, which based on the process approach, are formed; place of these processes in the PMBOK structure is defined, these processes are integrated with other project management processes; a formalized presentation of the project management processes of the project is given; tools and methods of managing material resources of the project are identified. The following methods used are – methods of system analysis, decision-making theory, and inventory management theory. The following results were obtained – with target to make informed management decisions, it was proposed to allocate a separate area of knowledge, within which the processes of the management of material resources of the project are formed, their possible connection with the groups of PMBOK processes is shown. Based on the process approach, presentations of the processes were formalized. They are elements of managing material resources of projects. They define inputs and outputs, show interrelations with other processes of a specific area of knowledge, provide basic recommended tools and methods. Conclusions: the processes management resource described in the PMBOK methodology are analyzed. This made it possible to form possible directions for improving the project's resource support. It is noted that the solution to this problem depends on the management of the material resources of the project. A separate area of knowledge has been highlighted, within the framework of the processes of management of material resources project – the processes of evaluating material resources, procurement management and supply, distribution of material resources, managing material resources. They define inputs and outputs, show interrelations with other processes of a specific area of knowledge, provide basic recommended tools and methods. The results obtained can be useful when managing projects at any stage of the life cycle.

Comprehensive bim system for control of construction production and resource support

Subject of research is analysis of the possibilities for the development of integrated management systems for construction production using BIM technologies in the field of resource provision of the construction site. Objectives: study the features and problems of the modern approach to control over the distribution of material resources and construction management in terms of the implementation of design solutions. Research into the implementation and use of information technologies to improve the organization of construction production at the construction site of an industrial facility, preparation for construction at the design stages and before design. Results: the obsolescence of the classical approaches and methods of construction control and the effectiveness of the use of complex programs that combine all the tools for effective construction management have been proved. The main directions in the field of improving the tools for monitoring the resource provision of construction are identified. A methodology for organizing a calendar schedule and monitoring the sufficiency of materials and resources through the concept of “ assignment ” for a construction contractor is proposed . Conclusions: using of integrated computer systems already in 2020 allows for effective construction control, especially in matters of accurate, correct and timely provision of the construction site with the necessary materials. An important conclusion that was obtained as a result of the research is that the creation of a unified software system for the control system for construction production is a priority task in the field of organizing construction production. Simplicity, comfort of use even in the most remote areas of construction makes such systems indispensable and greatly facilitate the work of construction management.

Is resistance always counter-hegemonic?

ABSTRACT Current reflections on practices of opposition are informed by the resistance/hegemony paradigm. The shortcomings of the resistance/hegemony paradigm are, as many critics have pointed, both a result of the wide extension and romanticization of resistance, and the mis-construal of hegemony as a top/down process of manipulating consciousness. The present article proposes to address some of the limitations of the resistance/hegemony paradigm by pondering when practices of resistance may be considered part of a counter-hegemonic struggle. To answer this question, it presents a typology of the different forms of resistance according to their relationship with counter-hegemony. This typology is based on the degree to which certain practices are incorporated or tolerated by the hegemonic model; how they articulate between challenges at the symbolic level and challenges to the production and distribution of material resources; and whether there is a process of articulation at play among different practices that may create a collective subject capable of putting forward claims to achieve political power.

A comparison of wealth inequality in humans and non-humans

Inequality in the distribution of material resources (wealth) occurs widely across human groups. The extent of inequality, as measured by the Gini coefficient, is less in small-scale societies, such as hunter-gatherers and pastoralists, and greater in large-scale ones like current nation states. In many societies, the statistical distribution of wealth takes a characteristic form: unimodal, skewed to the right, and fat-tailed. However, we have relatively little systematic information about the distribution of material resources in nonhuman animals even though such resources are vital to their survival and fitness. Here we present the first description of inequality in material resources in an animal population: the distribution of gastropod (snail) shells inhabited by the hermit crab Pagurus longicarpus. We find that the shell distribution for the crabs strongly resembles the characteristic form of wealth distribution in human groups. The amount of inequality in the crabs is more than that in some small-scale human groups but less than that in nations. We argue that the shell distribution in the crabs is not simply generated by biological factors such as survival and growth of either crabs or gastropods. Instead, the strong resemblance in the human and hermit crab distributions suggests that comparable factors, not dependent upon culture or social institutions, could shape the patterns of inequality in both groups. In addition to the similarity in their inequality distributions, human and hermit crabs share other features of resource distribution, including the use of vacancy chains, not seen in other species. Based upon these parallels, we propose that P. longicarpus could be used as an animal model to test two factors – individual differences and intergenerational property transfers – that some economists theorize as major factors influencing the form of wealth distributions in humans. We also propose that inequality in hermit crabs could provide a baseline for examining human inequality.

Dobra ili loša stara vremena?

U radu se razmatraju sjećanja na socijalizam i model konstrukcije socijalističke prošlosti u usmenim izvorima. Tražeći odgovor o organizaciji svakodnevnoga života, težište razmatranja bili su Ljubljana i njezino ruralno zaleđe. Nakon raspada Jugoslavije možemo pratiti različita sjećanja na socijalizam kao i poglede na to razdoblje. S jedne strane to je posljedica generacijskih razlika i životnih uvjeta koji su se promijenili tijekom desetljeća. Također su postojala različita iskustva stanovnika iz Ljubljane i onih iz ruralnoga zaleđa. Za prisjećanje su bili važni i drugi čimbenici: obitelj i njezino povijesno iskustvo, politička i svjetonazorska uvjerenja, javni diskursi te životne okolnosti u trenutku snimanja. Najveći dio sjećanja bio je posvećen poboljšanju životnoga standarda, području rada i rješavanju stambenoga pitanja.

La Política Social de Vivienda en Chile: Una Mirada Crítica

La vivienda, constituye por sobre su condición de bien transable, un derecho y un requerimiento básico para que cualquier familia resuelva sus necesidades de sobrevivencia. Ella se vincula también con el abrigo diario y la seguridad básica que reporta tener un lugar donde estar, compartir, disfrutar y protegerse. Además, la vivienda contribuye a satisfacer otros requerimientos tales como la privacidad, la identidad y pertenencia a un lugar, un grupo y un territorio. La conferencia mundial sobre habitat realizado en Vancouver el año 76, recoge esta multidimensionalidad de la vivienda. Todos los organismos allí presentes, concordaron que la vivienda no sólo es una unidad que acoge a la familia, sino también un sistema integrado por el terreno, la infraestructura de urbanización y de servicios, el equipamiento social- comunitario dentro de un contexto cultural, socioeconómico, político, físico-ambiental, así como un proceso al cual concurren como actores las personas y entidades de los sistemas público, privado, técnico-profesional y poblacional, entre otros". “Entregar" entonces vivienda o ayudar para que el ejercicio de este derecho se concrete implica, no solo la distribución equitativa de recursos materiales, casas o departamentos, sino también que dicho proceso contribuya a la distribución de capacidades y al mejoramiento de la calidad de vida. Ello implica necesariamente, una acción que asegure no sólo la universalidad (cobertura) que ha sido lo buscado históricamente por la política pública, sino también: la calidad. Lo anterior se relaciona con la oportunidad y pertinencia de la solución y para esto último es fundamental la participación de los destinatarios y el desarrollo de sus capacidades. En esta línea se transforman en componentes estratégicos la gestión descentralizada, articulada y participativa. En este artículo se hace una revisión crítica de la Política de Vivienda desde el Ministerio de Vivienda, hoy el SERVIU Metropolitano. Esto, como una forma de desafiar esa política pública, la que, junto con responder al mandato de la universalidad, de la distribución de recursos materiales en forma masiva, debiera imperativamente hacerse cargo de la diversidad de realidades que afectan a los sujetos a los cuales se dirige, como de constituirse para ellos en un instrumento para la redistribución de poder y capacidades.

BULLWHIP EFFECT IN SUPPLY CHAINS REDUCING BY DECENTRALIZED INVENTORY CONTROL BASED ON INVARIANT ELLIPSOIDS METHOD

Context. The urgent task of the decentralized inventory control synthesis of material resources in supply chains with uncertainty of external demand and availability of operational constraints has been solved. Objective is a development of the method of optimal stabilization of local supply chain nodes using a linear dynamic feedback from deviation between available and safety levels of resource stocks in the chain nodes, providing suppression of «bullwhip effect» and the development of the stability analysis method of the decentralized inventory control system in supply chains. Method. An approach based on the invariant ellipsoids method, which provides a complete and timely response of the «unknown, but bounded» external demand for resources, the stabilization of the closed local subsystems under predefined constraints on the values of local states and control actions, as well as the suppression of «bullwhip effect» in the supply chains has been invited. The stability conditions for decentralized inventory control system in supply chains using the vector Lyapunov functions method and the comparison method has been determined. Results. The problem of control synthesis using the technique of linear matrix inequalities was reduced to a sequence of semidefinite programming problems, which are solved numerically in real time. Conclusions. The method of suboptimal structural and parametric synthesis of the decentralized constrained inventory control in supply chains was further developed through the development of the invariant ellipsoids method, thus the costs associated with transportation and storage of material resources were reduced due to suppression of «bullwhip effect»; the degree of suppression of mentioned above effect for different levels of the supply chains is determined by the choice of weighting matrices of local quality criteria. The developed models and algorithms of the decentralized inventory control under uncertainty of demand and availability of operational constraints were introduced at the industrial enterprises and organizations which deal with the production, storage and distribution of material resources, such as the «Kharkivvodokanal» – one of the largest enterprises in Ukraine providing water services and the Ltd. Company «SV» (Kharkiv) – the leading manufacturer of household chemical goods in Ukraine.

Composite method of reliability research for hierarchical multilayer routing systems

The paper deals with the idea of a research method for hierarchical multilayer routing systems. The method represents a composition of methods of graph theories, reliability, probabilities, etc. These methods are applied to the solution of different private analysis and optimization tasks and are systemically connected and coordinated with each other through uniform set-theoretic representation of the object of research. The hierarchical multilayer routing systems are considered as infrastructure facilities (gas and oil pipelines, automobile and railway networks, systems of power supply and communication) with distribution of material resources, energy or information with the use of hierarchically nested functions of routing. For descriptive reasons theoretical constructions are considered on the example of task solution of probability determination for up state of specific infocommunication system. The author showed the possibility of constructive combination of graph representation of structure of the object of research and a logic probable analysis method of its reliability indices through uniform set-theoretic representation of its elements and processes proceeding in them.

Economic globalization, inequality, and protest movements under capitalist political regimes, 1970–2007

This article examines the impacts of globalization on protest movements. Highlighting the nature of capitalist political regimes in which capitalist societies and political institutions are deeply interconnected, I argue that the relationship between globalization and protest is profoundly constrained by two domestic conditions: the distribution of material resources and the type of political regime. Based on time-series, cross-sectional (TSCS) data in a global sample for the period 1970–2007, the findings indicate that globalization is more likely to increase protest in egalitarian democracies; globalization is not systematically associated with protest under dictatorships, except in the case of a highly unequal dictatorship in which globalization appears to revitalize protest, and hyperglobalization radically diminishes the possibility of protest, especially in democracies.

Can Minimal Autonomy Legitimate Coercive Institutions?

The central thesis of Hassoun’s book states that coercive international institutions, in order to be legitimate, must ensure sufficient autonomy for those subject to them. While part i analyses the theoretical structure of this argument, part ii aims to assess its practical implications in the contexts of aid and trade. This effort to bridge the gap between theory and practice is welcome, even though the connection could be strengthened further. At the core of Hassoun’s theoretical stance lies the innovative idea of a sufficientarian account of the legitimacy of coercive institutions. This review suggests that, in contrast to a sufficientarian theory of the just distribution of material resources, relying on a sufficientarian view in the context of legitimacy is more controversial. Following the discussion of some more specific theoretical issues, the review closes with an evaluation of Hassoun’s proposal of a fair trade certification system for pharmaceutical companies.

Public Policy and the Idea of the Vietnamese State: The Cultural Political Economy of Domestic Water Supply

Using Rural Water Supply (RWS) policy practices as a case study, this article shows that the disjunction between implementation as formally conceived and informally practised is not a question of ineffective policy cycle dynamics, but rather an inherent feature of Vietnam’s Cultural Political Economy. Drawing on critical realist approaches to social and state theory, we argue that formal and informal RWS policy practices, as a set of two interconnected spheres, serve as key, separate but connected, mechanisms for reproducing the distribution of material resources (primarily through the informal sphere) and the hegemony of ideas (primarily through the formal sphere) in Vietnamese society. We conclude that the formal, administrative practices of RWS policy are primarily to be understood in their function of reproducing the idea of the state and state legitimacy. RWS administrative practices function to sustain the core social and political order in Vietnam as institutionalised in “the state”, rather than being primarily oriented to improving rural water supply. The findings raise questions for donor-supported programs that focus on formal administrative institutions and practices for improving the performance of the water sector.

Mathematical model for calculation of information risks for information and logistics system

Subject of research. The paper deals with mathematical model for assessment calculation of information risks arising during transporting and distribution of material resources in the conditions of uncertainty. Meanwhile information risks imply the danger of origin of losses or damage as a result of application of information technologies by the company. Method. The solution is based on ideology of the transport task solution in stochastic statement with mobilization of mathematical modeling theory methods, the theory of graphs, probability theory, Markov chains. Creation of mathematical model is performed through the several stages. At the initial stage, capacity on different sites depending on time is calculated, on the basis of information received from information and logistic system, the weight matrix is formed and the digraph is under construction. Then there is a search of the minimum route which covers all specified vertexes by means of Dejkstra algorithm. At the second stage, systems of differential Kolmogorov equations are formed using information about the calculated route. The received decisions show probabilities of resources location in concrete vertex depending on time. At the third stage, general probability of the whole route passing depending on time is calculated on the basis of multiplication theorem of probabilities. Information risk, as time function, is defined by multiplication of the greatest possible damage by the general probability of the whole route passing. In this case information risk is measured in units of damage which corresponds to that monetary unit which the information and logistic system operates with. Main results. Operability of the presented mathematical model is shown on a concrete example of transportation of material resources where places of shipment and delivery, routes and their capacity, the greatest possible damage and admissible risk are specified. The calculations presented on a diagram showed that risk value under the specified conditions becomes lower than permissible if the demanded time of material resources transportation determined by the customer is more than 50 minutes. This calculation provides additional information for the person making the decision about the offer acceptance or refusal on transportation of material resources to the specified points. Practical significance. Results of work are usable in the fully functional information and logistic systems for calculation of the information risks arising during the transporting or distribution of material resources. It will increase competitiveness of the logistic companies operating in the conditions of the modern market relations.

Blato ryšių Lietuvoje vėlyvuoju sovietmečiu analizė

This article is aimed at revealing structural characteristics of blat networks during late soviet period in Lithuanian society. Blat is understood as a form of informal exchange particular for Soviet society. It was oriented at satisfaction of needs of personal consumption and it reorganized state system of distribution of material resources. The article starts from brief review of institutional conditions that facilitated formation and spread of blat exchange and defines consequences of blat for functioning of Soviet system. The article goes on presenting results of the data analysis of representative survey of Lithuanian population conducted in 2014. It is concluded that during Late Soviet period blat networks in Lithuanian society mainly consisted of strong ties, however, material well-being of individuals was associated with their abilities to use not only strong, but also weak ties. Data analysis also reveal that blat practices were frequently misrecognized as such by those who used them.

Confidence in Public Bodies, and Electoral Participation in India

Most studies on distribution in developing countries are concerned with the distribution of material resources, most usually income or consumption, and sometimes wealth. On the other hand, most studies on social capital are grounded in countries of the developed world. In this article, we depart from both traditions by analysing the distribution of social capital in a developing country (India). In so doing, we establish a link with the subject matter of political economy by examining the relationship between the distribution of social capital, the distribution of confidence in public bodies and electoral participation. Results show that participation in social activities is strongly correlated to trust in public bodies, which in turn favours participation in political life through voting. However, contrary to results obtained in different contexts, individuals belonging to discriminated groups tend to have more confidence in institutions.

What is Love? The Materiality of Care in Ghanaian Transnational Families

In the West, economics and intimacy are assumed to occupy separate – even antithetical – domains. In Ghanaian family life, however, affection is understood to be expressed through the distribution of material resources across generations and a person’s life cycle. Such an understanding of love means that migrant parents who leave their children behind in Ghana can continue to be good parents by sending remittances, and, in fact, may be considered better parents than caregivers who stay and are poorer. This construction of love also means that children tend to attach themselves to more financially secure caregivers over those with fewer economic opportunities — to men in favour of women, to those abroad over those in Ghana. It is precisely because love is signalled through material exchanges that children long to be with parental migrants far away who support them and feel abandoned by those parents who do not. The intertwining of economic and emotional ties in Ghanaian transnational families has significant implications for policy, as discussed in the conclusion.