Land Use Distribution Research Articles

Optimizing land use patterns for the grain for Green Project based on the efficiency of ecosystem services under different objectives

Abstract In the 20 years since the implementation of the Grain for Green Project (GFGP), the ecological environment in western China has improved. It is important to study the interaction between the spatial distribution of land use and ecosystem services as well as the interaction among ecosystem services under the GFGP for the purpose of improving regional ecosystem services. In this paper, we explore the influence of topography, climate and social demographic factors on ecosystem services, analyze the trade-offs and synergies among different ecosystem services, and choose suitable regional land use optimization strategies from hundreds of land use scenarios for GFGP from the efficiency of ecosystem services with different objectives viewpoint. Three key findings were obtained. First, grain supply has a trade-off relationship with soil conservation, and so as with carbon sequestration, while soil conservation and carbon sequestration have a synergistic relationship. Second, the implementation of GFGP strengthened the functions of carbon sequestration and soil conservation but weakened the function of grain supply. Third, the conversion schemes for retired farmland under different scenarios provide land use optimization strategies for the development of different ecosystem service objectives.

Spatial Distribution of Leptospirosis and Land Use in Bantul District, 2010-2018

Land use is an important environmental factor in the dynamics of human health. In the case of leptospirosis, environmental transmission cycles are caused by rat transition, environmental changes and populations at risk. Utilization of GIS-based spatial analysis may help detecting distribution patterns of leptospirosis cases, allocating resources and planning effective control and surveillance programs in endemic areas. This study aims to analyze the spatial distribution of leptospirosis based on land use and stream flow in Bantul District, 2010-2018. This ecological study was conducted in Bantul District, Yogyakarta for 9 years. Spatial analysis overlays processed data on leptospirosis cases per village and land use maps of 2016 using QGIS 3.0. Spatial distribution of 12 of high leptospirosis villages (18-35 cases) are in residential areas, tributaries, croplands, irrigated fields, rain-fed rice fields, and plantations. Those villages was crossed by major river basin which is potentially as transmission media of leptospirosis cases after heavy rainfall. It is suggested to increase the Early Awareness and Alert (EAA) system by active surveillance of early case finding from the government and endemic villagers.

CHANGES OF LAND USE MONITORING WITHIN FOREST AREA

Pasrujambe District is one of sub-districts in Lumajang Regency which has a forest area. Forests are main source of life for people who live in surrounding villages, start from farming, logging, taking firewood, gathering, and grazing their livestock in forest areas. This phenomenon cannot be avoided from use of forest land for the other land functions, both for settlements, agriculture and other regions. Therefore, it’s needed to be related to changes of land use in forest areas. In this study an evaluation of distribution and extent of land use functions in Pasrujambe District forest area was carried out using 2 (two) methods, namely object-based classification methods and interpretation methods (digitized on screen). The results show us that there are changes of land use in forest areas in 2017, such as industries, plantations, agricultures, plantations, bushes and settlements with total area of 3764.38 Ha and for agricultural land use such as lakes, grasslands and rivers with total area of 799.41 ha

Land use scenario simulation of mountainous districts based on Dinamica EGO model

Mountainous area makes up 22% of global land, and rational land use in this area is important for sustainable development. Mentougou district has been positioned as an ecological conservation development zone of Beijing and significant land use changes have taken place since 2004. With the combination of GIS and Dinamica EGO (Environment for Geoprocessing Objects) model, the quantitative structure and spatial distribution of land use in Mentougou from 2006 to 2014 are analyzed in this paper. Considering topography has influence on the action mode of driving factors, the research area is divided into two parts based on elevation, mountainous area above 300 m, plain and shallow mountainous area below 300 m. Based on cellular automata theory, the probability of land use change is calculated by Weights of Evidence method and the spatial distribution of land use is simulated by means of two complementary spatial transition functions: Expander and Patcher. Land use pattern of Menougou in 2030 for three kinds of scenarios: trend development, rapid development and ecological protection are simulated. The comparison shows that the trend development scenario is more reasonable based on social, economic and environmental considerations and other scenarios provide a reference for improving irrational land use.

The Use of Webgis as an Implementation of Smart Sustainable Cities Concept in Parepare City, South Sulawesi

The New Urban Agenda will focus on Smart Cities and Sustainable Cities. The smart city is a smart city concept designed to support various community activities and provide easy access to information for the public. Under the smart city agenda, presently, many government agencies are attempting to engineer an urban transformation to tackle urban prosperity, live ability, and sustainability issues mostly through the means of technology solutions. This study aims to formulate a website on land use. The method used in this study begins with a study of the literature to find indicators for Smart City. After determining the indicators and benchmarks for the smart city of Parepare City, the survey of the required data is carried out, the processing of survey data and the analysis and evaluation of current conditions. After learning about the current state of the city of Parepare, the website-gis formulations were carried out as one of the instruments of the smart city. Smart City is one of the new city development and management strategies. This WEBGIS displays the distribution of land use. This model should be a tool used by the Municipality of Parepare to develop land use policies.

The Study of Spatial Distribution of Land Use in the Yellow River Delta in China

In this paper, Land at 8 OLI image data from 2013 to 2017 was interpreted by visual interpretation combined with supervised classification to extract the information of land use distribution in the Yellow River Delta in China. The characteristics of Land Use Cover Change (LUCC) in the past five years which were analyzed by land use spatial analysis method based on buffer zone were discussed to obtain the land use index trend of five land types in buffer zones at different distance. The land use transfer maps of 2013 and 2017 were made by using the geo-information mapping method. The spatial-temporal change rules and the development process of land use in the Yellow River Delta during the past five years were analyzed. According to the analysis results, the comprehensive index of land use degree in the study area was in the middle level. The land use transfer maps were mainly consisted of farmland and grassland. The change rate of bare land to vegetation was 20.21% and that of vegetation to bare land was 14.15%. This study can provide effective basis for the scientific management of land and rational guidance for planning in this area.

Suspended sediment dynamics during a period of consecutive explosive cyclogeneses in rural temperate catchments: A case study from small-sized catchments in NW Spain

During the winter of 2013/2014, a sequence of explosive cyclogeneses occurred in NW Spain, causing severe flooding and substantial economic damage. Peak discharges were extremely high in many areas, with return periods in excess of 2–5 years. The heavy flow registered during these episodes provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the sedimentological effects resulting from high-magnitude flow events. Such events are relatively rare and the technical difficulties in sampling with sufficiently high frequency means that few observations on sediment transport can be gathered during the same. In this study, we present detailed hydrological and sedimentological observations across a period of consecutive explosive cyclogeneses from two small-sized catchments (i.e., the Corbeira stream and headwater of the Mero river) located in Galicia (NW Spain), in order to examine the factors controlling suspended sediment (SS) dynamics during high-magnitude flow events. The study sites are representative of the biophysical conditions (e.g. rainfall pattern, land use, vegetation cover and management practice) in NW Spain. The catchments of the Corbeira stream and headwater of the Mero river are similar with respect to climate, land use and management practice. The main differences are the distribution of land use and catchment size (Corbeira: 16 km2 and Mero: 65 km2).Large amounts of sediment were transferred in both catchments in response to flow events. A high variability in SS load during these was also observed in the two catchments, which is attributed to variation in rainfall characteristics, magnitude peak discharge, antecedent conditions controlling sediment availability, and suggests that sediment supply and transport vary widely over time. Higher concentration and variability of SS was observed in the Corbeira catchment. Differences in SS dynamics were also noted between the catchments that may be attributed to differences in the spatial distribution of land use, which influence the location of the erosion source and SS availability, and directly and indirectly affects connectivity between the sediment source area and the stream. In the Corbeira catchment, the SS load was closely linked to the hydrological response and rainfall, whereas in the Mero basin, preceding conditions, i.e. the sediment depletion during the previous events, played an important role. The results demonstrated that peak SS concentrations may coincide with, or lag behind, peak discharge, and factors other than discharge (mainly the location of the sediment source and its connectivity with the drainage network) have a major influence on SS concentrations.

Using WaTEM/SEDEM and HEC-HMS models for the simulation of episodic hydrological and erosion events in a small agricultural catchment

A careful analysis of rainfall-runoff events and patterns of sediment and pollution load to water bodies is crucial for the proper management of agricultural land. This study simultaneously employed the WaTEM/SEDEM long-term erosion model and the HEC-HMS episodic hydrological and erosion model to describe the runoff and sediment load evoked by extreme rainfall events in a small agricultural catchment in Czechia, using the long-term monitoring discharge and water quality episodic data. WaTEM/SEDEM helped to delineate the runoff and sediment critical source areas, subsequently incorporated into HEC-HMS. The acquired results showed that the spatial distribution of land use is a fundamental factor in the protection of watercourses from diffuse pollution sources and the transport and delivery of sediment profoundly depends on the status of crop cover on arable land near a watercourse. Integrating both models, it was shown that the tabulated Curve Number (CN) values as well as the average C-factor values had to be lowered for the majority of the modelled events to match the monitored data. A noticeable role of catchment runoff response most probably played tile drainage, which appeared to profoundly modify the episodic runoff pattern. This study showed a promising approach for the simulation of different rainfall-runoff responses of small agricultural catchments and could be applied for the delineation of areas where soil conservation measures or protective management is of high priority. The results further revealed the obvious need to revise the CN values for tile-drained catchments.

Evaluation of residential land use compatibilities using a density-based IOWA operator and an ANFIS-based model: A case study of Tehran, Iran

The world is rapidly urbanized in the recent decades and urban areas are dealing with enormous changes and demands in utilizing the land units. To prevent incongruous land development, a seamless land use control planning tool, impowered by a decision support system is an imperative part of development management. This study focuses on evaluating the suitability of existing land uses through a spatial decision support system. Although the problem involves various criteria as well as expert judgments, we dealt with a multi-criteria group decision making problem. The proposed methodology consists of two main sections: density-based induced ordered weighted averaging (D-IOWA) operator as a group decision making section to combine expert opinions on the problem, and an adaptive neuro-fuzzy resonance system (ANFIS) to define the compatibility of the land uses in their surrounding environment. Expert opinions were aggregated by the D-IOWA operator and the ANFIS model was trained and then applied to the rest of the data to generate the compatibility map of the residential areas. An accuracy of 81%, and a root mean square error of 0.44 were observed. Maximum 15% variation in the outputs was observed in the sensitivity analysis. In addition to the performance measurements of the model, some other models were implemented and compared with the ANFIS model. The comparisons concluded that most of the models provided acceptable accuracies while the ANFIS model acquired the best results and confirmed to be used in similar circumstances. This study confirmed that a multi-criteria decision-making system supported by an accurate classification system can provide a basis for a detailed and accurate distribution of land use across the land unit.

Analysis of Flood Vulnerability Using GIS Method (Case Study : Beringin Watershed, West Semarang)

Land degradation in the Beringin Watershed causes an increase of runoff and have high potential for flood disaster. The fact is proven by the distribution of land use for settlements in 1995 which was 18.45%, increased to 22.65% in 2002, thus enlarging the peak discharge in the Beringin watershed. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to study the effects of land use conversion on flood discharge and formulate the concept of management of Beringin watershed. Maximum annual daily rainfall be calculated with Polygon Thiessen method for 3 rain stations: Mijen, Mangkang Waduk, and Tugu for 20 years data (1998 – 2017). For the land use analysis, we was compared 2015 year Beringin watershed land use data with RTRW Semarang (Spatial Plans) 2011 – 2031 data and identified by using ArcGIS software. Whereas for the discharge design, the results of the HEC-HMS program modeling with 3 small dam was constructed for 10-years return period is 178.9 m3/dt. River normalization is design on the river downstream along ± 3.9 km, from the estuary (STA 0 + 6.2) to the Mangkang (STA 3 + 909.05) and from HEC-RAS simulation results shows that its can discharge safely.

Impact of Urban Growth on Air Quality in Indian Cities Using Hierarchical Bayesian Approach

Several studies have found rising ambient particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) concentrations in urban areas across developing countries. For setting mitigation policies source-contribution is needed, which is calculated mostly through computationally intensive chemical transport models or manpower intensive source apportionment studies. Data based approach that use remote sensing datasets can help reduce this challenge, specially in developing countries which lack spatially and temporally dense air quality monitoring networks. Our objective was identifying relative contribution of urban emission sources to monthly PM 2.5 ambient concentrations and assessing whether urban expansion can explain rise of PM 2.5 ambient concentration from 2001 to 2015 in 15 Indian cities. We adapted the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) emission framework in a land use regression (LUR) model to estimate concentrations by statistically modeling the impact of urban growth on aerosol concentrations with the help of remote sensing datasets. Contribution to concentration from six key sources (residential, industrial, commercial, crop fires, brick kiln and vehicles) was estimated by inverse distance weighting of their emissions in the land-use regression model. A hierarchical Bayesian approach was used to account for the random effects due to the heterogeneous emitting sources in the 15 cities. Long-term ambient PM 2.5 concentration from 2001 to 2015, was represented by a indicator R (varying from 0 to 100), decomposed from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) derived AOD (aerosol optical depth) and angstrom exponent datasets. The model was trained on annual-level spatial land-use distribution and technological advancement data and the monthly-level emission activity of 2001 and 2011 over each location to predict monthly R. The results suggest that above the central portion of a city, concentration due to primary PM 2.5 emission is contributed mostly by residential areas (35.0 ± 11.9%), brick kilns (11.7 ± 5.2%) and industries (4.2 ± 2.8%). The model performed moderately for most cities (median correlation for out of time validation was 0.52), especially when assumed changes in seasonal emissions for each source reflected actual seasonal changes in emissions. The results suggest the need for policies focusing on emissions from residential regions and brick kilns. The relative order of the contributions estimated by this study is consistent with other recent studies and a contribution of up to 42.8 ± 14.1% is attributed to the formation of secondary aerosol, long-range transport and unaccounted sources in surrounding regions. The strength of this approach is to be able to estimate the contribution of urban growth to primary aerosols statistically with a relatively low computation cost compared to the more accurate but computationally expensive chemical transport based models. This remote sensing based approach is especially useful in locations without emission inventory.

Spatiotemporal Transmission Patterns and Determinants of Dengue Fever: A Case Study of Guangzhou, China.

Dengue fever is one of the most common vector-borne diseases in the world and is mainly affected by the interaction of meteorological, human and land-use factors. This study aims to identify the impact of meteorological, human and land-use factors on dengue fever cases, involving the interplay between multiple factors. The analyses identified the statistically significant determinants affecting the transmission of dengue fever, employing cross-correlation analysis and the geo-detector model. This study was conducted in Guangzhou, China, using the data of confirmed cases of dengue fever, daily meteorological records, population density distribution and land-use distribution. The findings highlighted that the dengue fever hotspots were mainly distributed in the old city center of Guangzhou and were significantly shaped by meteorological, land-use and human factors. Meteorological factors including minimum temperature, maximum temperature, atmospheric pressure and relative humidity were correlated with the transmission of dengue fever. Minimum temperature, maximum temperature and relative humidity presented a statistically significant positive correlation with dengue fever cases, while atmospheric pressure presented statistically significant negative correlation. Minimum temperature, maximum temperature, atmospheric pressure and humidity have lag effects on the transmission of dengue fever. The population, community age, subway network density, road network density and ponds presented a statistically significant positive correlation with the number of dengue fever cases, and the interaction among land-use and human factors could enhance dengue fever transmission. The ponds were the most important interaction factors, which might strengthen the influence of other factors on dengue fever transmission. Our findings have implications for pre-emptive dengue fever control.

Ordenamiento en disputa y espacialización de la injusticia en Colombia

Este artículo analiza las relaciones entre ordenamiento territorial y reconocimiento étnico a partir de las experiencias de dos comunidades afrodescendientes localizadas en el valle plano del río Cauca, Colombia: El Hormiguero y El Tiple. Se ilustran las tensiones del Estado colombiano, surgidas entre el reconocimiento diferenciado de derechos a las poblaciones étnicas y los mecanismos para ordenar el uso y la apropiación de la naturaleza. La metodología empleada tuvo un enfoque cualitativo de tipo etnográfico y archivístico, donde se privilegió la interacción con las comunidades organizadas en torno a los Consejos Comunitarios y la revisión del extenso archivo normativo que sustenta el ordenamiento territorial municipal. El análisis comparativo de los casos de El Hormiguero y El Tiple demuestra una forma institucionalizada de injusticia espacial dada la imposición de facto de intereses económicos privados sobre el ordenamiento de los territorios. Injusticia que ha privado a las comunidades afrodescendientes de los derechos étnicos adquiridos, como el reconocimiento, el territorio y la consulta previa, libre e informada.Ideas destacadas: artículo de investigación sobre el confinamiento de las comunidades afrodescendientes en el valle plano del río Cauca que implica injusticia en cuanto a la distribución de la propiedad y del uso del suelo. La segmentación espacial causada por la expansión de la caña de azúcar ha sido instituida por instrumentos de planificación territorial, incluso negando derechos constitucionales de estas comunidades.

Assessment of the relation between land use and carbon emission in Eindhoven, the Netherlands

The impact of the urban morphology on greenhouse gas emission is one of the key issues on global climate change. Since the urban form is directly related to the spatial distribution of urban land use, it is necessary to investigate the relation between carbon emission and different land use categories. In this paper, the city of Eindhoven (230,000 inhabitants) was used as a case study. According to the main road network, the entire city is divided into 6754 irregular patterns. Agglomerative cluster analysis was conducted to classify the patterns into 14 valid land use categories based on their land use function and land cover composition namely: agriculture, transport, retail trade, green space (with 3 sub-categories), residential (with 7 sub-categories), and others. The random forest algorithm was applied to select the significant features and to measure the relation between land use and carbon emission. The results have shown the importance of various landscape metrics on the carbon emission in each land use category. The most significant landscape metric is selected to describe the impact of spatial attributes on carbon emission. The outcomes show the carbon emission distribution of each land use category in the city. The retail trade and residential land use categories contribute a large proportion of carbon emission, terrace houses produce more carbon emission than other residential building categories. The combination of mid-rise buildings and low-rise buildings has a higher probability to produce more carbon emission. The assessment results can provide important support for the low carbon city spatial planning.

Factors in the development of urban underground space surrounding metro stations: A case study of Osaka, Japan

Most previous studies have simply revealed the relationship between urban underground space (UUS) potential and influential factors for a city but have not revealed the relationship for each metro station, or lack quantitative analyses of their relationship. Actually, it is essential to identify the relationship of UUS area (UUSA) and relative factors because UUS tends to be aggregated around metro stations. This study investigated the quantitative relationship between several candidate influential factors and the UUS distribution surrounding metro stations on two lines in Osaka, Japan. A correlation regression analysis showed that passenger flow rate and land price were highly related with UUSA. Although the land use index, floor area ratio, and transfer line number did not have significant linear relationships, the spatial distribution of land use was related with UUSA. We argue that underground shopping malls should be constructed in station areas with high passenger flow rate, high land price, and large commercial plots. This model may be of great assistance to decision-makers owing to its realistic forecasts for UUS development.

The THE CONCEPT OF THE LAND REFORM IN CUSTOMARY LAW OF THE JAVANESE COMMUNITY

The THE CONCEPT OF THE LAND REFORM IN CUSTOMARY LAW OF THE JAVANESE COMMUNITY

The THE CONCEPT OF THE LAND REFORM IN CUSTOMARY LAW OF THE JAVANESE COMMUNITY

The THE CONCEPT OF THE LAND REFORM IN CUSTOMARY LAW OF THE JAVANESE COMMUNITY

Determining contemporary and historical sediment sources in a large drainage basin impacted by cumulative effects: the regulated Nechako River, British Columbia, Canada

PurposeSediment dynamics in most large river basins are influenced by a variety of different natural and anthropogenic pressures, and disentangling these cumulative effects remains a challenge. This study determined the contemporary and historical sources of fine-grained (< 63-μm) sediment in a large, regulated river basin and linked changes in sources to activities in the basin. The river has seen declines in chinook salmon, sockeye salmon, and the endangered Nechako white sturgeon populations, and sediment (both fine-grained and sands) transport and deposition have been identified as potential causes of these declines.Materials and methodsSamples of suspended sediment and potential source materials were collected from numerous sites distributed throughout the upper Nechako River Basin in British Columbia, Canada. A floodplain sediment core was also collected in order to reconstruct sediment sources over the last ~ 70 years. Discriminating fingerprint properties were used within the MixSIAR model to apportion sources among sub-basins and land-use types. Results were compared to records of precipitation and Nechako River discharge trends, and to changes in landscape development.Results and discussionContributions from the erosion of channel banks dominated the suspended sediment load at most sites. Changes in sediment sources during the 2015 field season reflected snowmelt and patterns of water release from the Nechako Reservoir that affected the sediment-carrying capacity of tributaries and the Nechako River main stem. Spatial variations in 2015 also reflected the distribution of land use (e.g., forested or agricultural land) as well as topography (e.g., slope steepness). Over the last ~ 70 years, variations in sediment sources and the characteristics of the sediment (e.g., organic matter content and particle size composition) were linked to the construction of the Kenney Dam (operational in 1954) and the impacts of deforestation by the forestry and agricultural industries. Superimposed on these have been wildfires and a major mountain pine beetle infestation leading to higher erosion rates in the affected areas.ConclusionsThe sediment source fingerprinting technique, in combination with historical information on the hydrometeorology and the land use and river management in the basin, has provided valuable information with which to understand sediment dynamics in the Nechako River Basin. Such an approach can help to disentangle how large river systems respond to a combination of natural and anthropogenic pressures.

Effects of urban form on social sustainability – A case study of Irbid, Jordan

ABSTRACTThis study aims at evaluating the role of urban form in achieving better social sustainability outcomes in Jordan, considering city of Irbid in particular. The study addresses five key aspects of urban form including density, landuse distribution, building height, housing types, and accessibility to test their impact on social equity and sustainability of community as two main qualities of social sustainability. Two localities representing different urban forms and social settings have been covered for a more comprehensive view. The study adopted a mixed method approach comprising both qualitative and quantitative data using variety of data collection procedures and analysis including site survey and household questionnaire and applying simple linear regression models. Results reveal strong impact of urban form on social sustainability. Density, landuse, and accessibility seem to be the most influential aspects of urban form that shape way of living of inhabitants and affect their relationships, feelings, belongings, and solidity.

Organic carbon stocks in mountain grassland soils of northwestern Kashmir Himalaya: spatial distribution and effects of altitude, plant diversity and land use

Despite constituting important ecosystem of Kashmir Himalaya and being sensitive to climate change, data on soil organic carbon (SOC) in grasslands remain scarce. Present study was conducted in 20 grasslands that represent pasture and non-pasture types, with an aim to record SOC stocks at 5 sampling depths (0–10; 10–20; 20–30; 30–40 and 40–50cm), study its variation along altitude and elucidate how environmental factors affect this variation. SOC stocks exhibited high variability and ranged between 28.85 and 94.76 Mg C ha−1, with mean value of 54.52 Mg C ha−1, which was stored as 30.63, 22.98, 21.06, 14.89, and 10.41%, respectively at five depths. Differences in SOC stocks between pasture and non-pasture types were minor, with average stocks appearing slightly higher for pasture (59.69 ± 15.43 Mg C ha−1) than non-pasture (56.32 ± 17.01 Mg C ha−1). However non-pasture type had higher stocks particularly in upper soil layers. SOC exhibited negative relationship with soil depth and bulk density while increasing relationship with altitude, species richness and aboveground live and dead biomass was observed. On depth gradient, altitude affected subsurface (10–20cm) soils more distinctly than surface (0–10 cm) soils. Besides contributing baseline data, comparison of SOC provides possibility to determine management effects on SOC storage and consequently C sequestration.