Distribution Of Hotspots Research Articles

Landscape of cardiorenal syndrome research: A bibliometric analysis.

To comprehensively review cardiorenal syndrome (CRS)-related research, this study analyzes its whole landscape and future trends from a bibliometric perspective. Using "cardiorenal syndrome" as the key word, a representative dataset of CRS was constructed in the Web of Science Core Collection (Science Citation Index Expanded) database up to November 2023. VOSviewer (version 1.6.18) and R-Studio (version 1.4) were used to visualize CRS-related author and national collaboration networks, hotspot distribution clustering and historical citation networks. The annual number of publications shows an upward trend, especially since 2009. The United States is the most active country and closely cooperates with European countries. Cardiorenal Medicine is the journal that publishes the most CRS-related research. Urology & Nephrology and Cardiovascular System & Cardiology are the most prominent areas of CRS literature output. The leaders in CRS-related research are Ronco C from Italy and Mccullough PA, from the United States. Combined with keyword co-occurrence, theme evolution, and strategic distribution analysis, it was found that centering on the mechanism of CRS (cardiovascular lesions, venous congestion, and fibrosis), prognosis (transplantation, dialysis, hospitalization, mortality) and cardiac function management (b-type natriuretic peptide, diastolic dysfunction, left ventricular hypertrophy) is a possible research direction for a long time to come. Although CRS has a relatively short history, it has received a lot of attention and is currently enjoying a high level of overall acceptance. In conclusion, this study explores the major research areas, frontiers and trends in CRS, which are important for future research.

Changing characteristics, driving factors and future predictions of land use in the Weigan-Kuqa River Delta Oasis, China

The oasis serves as the central component of the arid ecosystem and plays a crucial role in supporting human activities. However, the ecological environment in the oasis region is fragile, and even a minor alteration in land use (LU) can significantly impact the stability of the ecosystem. Therefore, it is imperative to undertake comprehensive research on the spatio–temporal patterns of LU change in the oasis, reveal its driving factors, and predict future development. This is crucial for devising scientifically and logically sound land management strategies, upholding the equilibrium between humans and land in arid areas, and attaining sustainable development of the regional ecology and economy. This study focuses on the Weigan–Kuqa River Delta Oasis in China as the research area, analyzes the changes in LU in the oasis from 2010 to 2022 using various methods such as transition matrix, dynamic degree, intensity analysis, and center of gravity shift. The study also investigates the factors influencing these changes using the optimal parameters–based geographical detector (OPGD). Additionally, it predicts the future trends in LU development under four different scenarios using the mixed–cell cellular automata (MCCA), and illustrates distribution characteristics by combining Moran’s I index and hotspot analysis. The results suggest that: (1) Between 2010 and 2022, the LU in the oasis changed rapidly, with consistent increase in the amount of construction land, arable land, and garden land, while the amount of forest-grassland and unused land decreased overall. (2) Population density played a leading role in the changes, but soil type also had a significant impact. Over the course of time, the influence of roads and transportation has progressively increased. (3) Compared with 2022, the acreage of arable land, garden land, and construction land increases under the four future scenarios: natural development scenario (NDS), economic development scenario (EDS), cropland development scenario (CDS), and ecological protection scenario (EPS). However, the acreage of forest–grassland and unused land decrease. From a spatial perspective, large towns, the downstream of alluvial fans, and the central oasis are key areas where the distribution of hot spots and sub–hot spots of each LU type varies significantly among the four scenarios. The EPS provides a certain level of protection for forest-grassland areas and water bodies, making it the most appropriate development model for oases. These findings have the potential to offer valuable academic guidance for oasis land resource management and are crucial for achieving coordinated development at regional level.

Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Scenario Insights into Spatial Responses and Promotion Under Ecosystem Services

The Blue Economic Zone of the Shandong Peninsula is located in the transitional zone between land and sea, with a complex ecological environment. The determination of hot and cold spots in various ecosystem services is crucial for the coordinated development of ecosystem services and the optimization of the spatial pattern of the ecological environment. This study, based on natural and socio-economic data, utilizes various ecological models to simulate water yield (provisioning service), carbon sequestration (regulating service), biodiversity (supporting service), and aesthetic and scientific research values (cultural service). Using a multi-criteria decision-making approach, it identifies hot and cold spots of ecosystem services in different development–conservation scenarios. Combining the protection efficiency of different areas, it proposes a spatial pattern promotion scheme. The research indicates significant spatial differences in ecosystem services without clear trade-offs and synergies. Changes in the weights of ecosystem services in 11 scenarios result in significant differences in hot and cold spots. Compared to the neutral scenario (S6), the distribution of hot and cold spots in protection scenarios (S1–S5) is relatively scattered, while in development scenarios (S7–S11), hot spots show an increasing trend of concentration in the southeast, with cold spots scattered in the west and northwest. Four spatial pattern promotion schemes are proposed based on protection efficiency and policy preferences. Promotion areas should focus on ecological restoration and improvement to raise local ecosystem service levels. Protection areas should emphasize maintaining their existing high-level ecosystem services to achieve a synergistic enhancement of various ecosystem services.

SpottedPy quantifies relationships between spatial transcriptomic hotspots and uncovers environmental cues of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in breast cancer

Spatial transcriptomics is revolutionizing the exploration of intratissue heterogeneity in cancer, yet capturing cellular niches and their spatial relationships remains challenging. We introduce SpottedPy, a Python package designed to identify tumor hotspots and map spatial interactions within the cancer ecosystem. Using SpottedPy, we examine epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in breast cancer and highlight stable niches associated with angiogenic and hypoxic regions, shielded by CAFs and macrophages. Hybrid and mesenchymal hotspot distribution follows transformation gradients reflecting progressive immunosuppression. Our method offers flexibility to explore spatial relationships at different scales, from immediate neighbors to broader tissue modules, providing new insights into tumor microenvironment dynamics.

Narrow‐Gap‐Integrated Ring Arrays (GRA) as Ultrahigh Field‐Enhancement Optical Resonators

AbstractGold nanoring nanoantenna are increasingly being utilized in biological and chemical sensing owing to their favorable spatially expanded hotspot distribution and distinctive field focusing capabilities. However, it is extremely challenging to further elevate the local electric field of nanorings for higher sensitivity without trading off the two aforementioned features. Here, a new nanoantenna design integrates conventional nanorings with nanogaps is introduced: in conjunction with metal sputtering and ion milling on a nanopillar template, narrow‐gap‐integrated ring arrays (GRA) are successfully nanofabricated featuring monolithic integration of nanoring arrays with sub‐5 nm nanogaps on‐chip. This new GRA nanophotonic structure simultaneously preserves the intrinsic benefits of the nanoring and amplifies the local electric field, achieving a field enhancement factor of up to 104 magnitudes. Using both top‐down and bottom‐up thin‐film processes, the GRA shows high degree‐of‐freedom in nanoantenna geometry, leading to tunable resonances throughout visible and near‐infrared wavelengths. These results combined showcased the potential of using GRA's tunable resonance, high e‐field enhancement, and wide hotspot‐distribution features in the creation of a universal molecular sensing platform for enhanced fluorescence.

Quantifying the Effect of Land Use and Land Cover Changes on Spatial-Temporal Dynamics of Water in Hanjiang River Basin

As a vital part of the geo-environment and water cycle, ecosystem health and human development are dependent on water resources. Water supply and demand are influenced significantly by land use and cover change (LUCC) which shapes the surface ecosystems by altering their structure and function. Under future climate change scenarios, LUCC may greatly impact regional water balance, yet the impact is still not well understood. Therefore, examining the spatial relationship between LUCC and water yield services is crucial for optimizing land resources and informing sustainable development policies. In this study, we focused on the Hanjiang River Basin and used the patch-generating land use simulation (PLUS) model, coupled with the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model, to assess water yield services under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathway and Representative Concentration Pathway (SSP-RCP) scenarios. For the first time, we considered the impact of future changes in socio-economic and water use indicators on water demand using correction factors and ARIMA projections. The relationship between water supply and demand was explored using this approach, and LUCC’s effects on this balance are also discussed. Results indicate that: (1) The patterns of LUCC are similar for the three scenarios from 2030 to 2050, with varying levels of decrease for cropland and significant growth of built-up areas, with increases of 6.77% to 19.65% (SSP119), 7.66% to 22.65% (SSP245), and 15.88% to 46.69% (SSP585), respectively, in the three scenarios relative to 2020; (2) The future supply and demand trends for the three scenarios of produced water services are similar, and the overall supply and demand risks are all on a downward trend. Water demand continues to decline, and by 2050, the water demand of the 3 scenarios will decrease by 96.275×108t, 81.210×108t, and 84.13×108t relative to 2020, respectively; while supply decreases from 2030 to 2040 and rises from 2040 to 2050; (3) Both water supply and demand distributions exhibit spatial correlation, and the distribution of hotspots is similar. The water supply and demand are well-matched, with an overall supply-demand ratio greater than 1.5; (4) LUCC can either increase or decrease water yield. Built-up land provides more water supply compared to other land types, while forest land has the lowest average water supply. Limiting land use type conversions can enhance the water supply.

Thermal-hydraulic analysis of He-Xe gas mixtures in triangular rod bundle wrapped with different shaped wire wraps

Gas-cooled reactors employing a helium-xenon (He-Xe) gas mixture as the coolant are regarded as one of the most promising technologies for megawatt-scale space energy systems. One technical solution to achieve high power density, reduced mass, and a compact structure in gas-cooled space reactors is the use of fuel arranged in triangular bundles encased with wire wraps. Nevertheless, research on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of He-Xe gas within such configurations remains scarce. In order to enhance the heat transfer performance of He-Xe reactor cores, thermal–hydraulic simulation methods were employed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in order to investigate the thermal–hydraulic characteristics within a triangular rod bundle channel equipped with wire wraps. The study examined the impact of wire wrap structures on velocity and temperature fields, inter-subchannel mixing, and the distribution of hot spots. The findings indicate that the wire wrap structure has the effect of promoting transverse flow, inter-channel mixing and vortex formation. Conversely, this also gives rise to the issue of hot spots, particularly at the contact angles between the wire wrap and the fuel rod. At a wall heat flux of 91,477.3 kW m−2, the maximum temperature at the circular wire wrap hot spot can reach 1217 K, while the average wall temperature of the corresponding cross-section is only 770 K. Furthermore, the flow and heat transfer characteristics of three wire wrap geometries—circular, rectangular, and trapezoidal—were evaluated and compared across a Reynolds number range of 2.6 × 104 to 1.4 × 105. The findings indicate that the trapezoidal wire wrap configuration results in the lowest wall hot spot temperature and the smallest temperature inhomogeneity. Furthermore, an analysis of the heat transfer coefficients (Nusselt number) and thermo-hydraulic performance ratios (THPR) demonstrates that the trapezoidal wire wrap exhibits superior heat transfer performance compared to the other two geometries.

Spatial Distribution Pattern of Aromia bungii Within China and Its Potential Distribution Under Climate Change and Human Activity.

Aromia bungii is a pest that interferes with the health of forests and hinders the development of the fruit tree industry, and its spread is influenced by changes in abiotic factors and human activities. Therefore, exploring their spatial distribution patterns and potential distribution areas under such conditions is crucial for maintaining forest ecosystem security. This study analyzed the spatial differentiation characteristics of the geographic distribution pattern of A. bungii in China using Moran's I and the Getis-Ord General G index. Hot spot distribution areas were identified using Getis-Ord Gi*. An optimized MaxEnt model was used to predict the potential distribution areas of A. bungii within China under four shared economic pathways by combining multivariate environmental data: (1) prediction of natural environmental variables predicted under current climate models; (2) prediction of natural environmental variables + human activities under current climate models; and (3) prediction of natural environmental variables under the future climate models (2050s and 2070s). Meanwhile, MigClim was used to simulate the unoccupied suitable area in the presence of obstacles under future climate change. The results showed that human activities, minimum temperature of the coldest month, and precipitation of the wettest month had positive effects on the distribution of A. bungii. However, in the current period, human activities drastically reduced the survival area of A. bungii, and its suitable distribution area was mainly concentrated in the eastern and central regions of China. Under the influence of climate change in the future, the habitat of A. bungii will gradually increase. Additionally, the MigClim model indicates that the area unoccupied by A. bungii has been on a continuous increasing trend. This study provides a positive reference for the prevention and control of A. bungii and the maintenance of forest health and ecosystem security, and provides important theoretical guidance for researchers, policymakers, and governments.

Exploration ofcucurbituril-mediated SERS plasmonic nanoarrays with sub-nanometer gaps.

The uneven distribution of hotspots and the challenges associated with precise analyte localization within these hotspots present significant hurdles in the field of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Here, at the water-oil interface, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) interconnected by cucurbiturils[8] (CB[8]) with sub-nanometer gaps (AuNPs:CB[8]) were organized into plasmonic arrays. This arrangement was engineered to generate highly efficient hotspots. The CB[8] molecules, serving a dual role, not only facilitated the assembly of AuNPs with sub-nanometer (~ 1nm) gaps to create intense plasmonic hotspots but also acted as molecular traps, enabling the precise localization of molecules within these hotspots. By comparing the enhancement effect of probe molecule on Au nanofilm, AuNPs:CB[8] colloids, and AuNPs:CB[8] nanofilm, it was found that the SERS intensity of the E1 characteristic peak in AuNPs:CB[8] nanofilm is five times higher than that on Au nanofilm, and more than 104 times higher than that of AuNPs:CB[8] colloids. The gaps are also accessible to different electronegativite molecules, such as estrone, p-aminoazobenzene, or methylene blue, which are captured at the plasmonic hotspots by the interaction of CB[8]. Themethod was employed for the practical detection of artificial antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), which has a weak Raman scattering cross-section, by coupling it with a reaction to enhance its SERS effect. The detection limit of BHA in soybean oil sample is 5.89 × 10-8mol/L, with the recovery range 85.1-115%. In conclusion, this hot-spot design and molecular capture approach will offer a highly effective method for detecting weak Raman scattering cross-section molecules and holds great promise for practical applications in the future.

The proposal of a 15-minute city composite index through integrating GPS trajectory data-inferred urban function attraction based on the Bayesian framework

The chrono-urbanism framework suggests that urban life quality decreases with increased time spent in transportation, particularly motorized modes. The 15-min city concept, aligned with chrono-urbanism, emphasizes the importance of reaching essential urban functions within a short active travel time and has gained global attention. This study aims to develop a 15-min city composite index score (CIS) using the chrono-urbanism framework. The CIS integrates spatial accessibility to six key urban functions, providing a holistic assessment of the 15-min city status in Wuhan, China. Urban function accessibility is computed based on visitor volume inferred from GPS trajectory data using the Bayesian framework. Results reveal CIS hotspots in Hongshan, Wuchang, Jiangan, and Qingshan districts, with Hongshan having the highest concentration. However, Wuhan faces challenges in achieving comprehensive 15-min city status, as hotspots are mainly concentrated in specific areas like university towns and traditional city centers. The proposed assessment approach is applicable to accurately evaluate the 15-min status in other urban contexts using GPS trajectory data. The study's findings can assist policymakers in understanding CIS hotspot distribution and developing future planning policies to enhance the overall 15-min city status.

Spatial patterns of vascular plant species richness in Poland: Relations among species group richness and hot spot distribution

Knowledge of spatial patterns of species richness (SR) is highly relevant for theoretical research in ecology and the development of conservation plans. In Poland, despite a long tradition of botanical surveys, vascular plant SR has not been mapped, nor have the correlations in richness among different plant species groups been explored at the entire country scale. Here, we used a recently published data set to examine spatial patterns and relationships among the joined SR of vascular plant species, including native species, archaeophytes, neophytes, and species with high conservation value (i.e., red-list species). The basic spatial unit employed was a 10 × 10 km grid from the Atlas of Distribution of Vascular Plants in Poland (ATPOL). We found that SR of native species and archaeophytes, neophytes, and red-list species were positively correlated. The main patterns of SR and the percentage of particular groups in the joined SR were based on three components: (1) gradient of overall SR, (2) invasion level, and (3) peculiarity of flora in some regions resulting from the high number and proportion of rare species that often have high conservation value (red-list species). In general, northeastern Poland was species-poor, while the Carpathian Mountain range, the uplands in southern Poland, and some parts of Wisła River valley had the highest SR concentrations. e location of SR hotspots usually did not overlap with the existing national parks system. The correlations among native SR, high conservation value species, and neophyte SR suggest that biological invasions are among the most important threats to vascular plant diversity in Poland. Finally, despite likely biases in SR assessments, we demonstrated that the presented maps seem to reflect general ecological gradients influencing vascular plant distribution in Poland.

Spatial–Temporal Variation and the Influencing Factors of NO2 Column Concentration in the Plateau Mountains of Southwest China

Given the complex terrain and economic development status of Guizhou Province, research on tropospheric NO2 column concentration using satellite remote sensing is still insufficient. Observing the spatial–temporal evolution characteristics of tropospheric NO2 column concentration can ensure the stable development of air quality. Based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, NO2 column concentration data retrieved from Sentinel-5P TROPOMI were analyzed using spatial autocorrelation, hotspot analysis, and geographic detector methods (Geodetector). The results show that NO2 column concentration in Guizhou Province exhibits seasonal variation, characterized by higher levels in winter and lower levels in summer, with transitional values in spring and autumn. The annual average concentration was highest in 2021 at 3.47 × 10−5 mol/m2 and lowest in 2022 at 2.85 × 10−5 mol/m2. Spatially, NO2 column concentration displays a distribution pattern of “high in the west, low in the east; high in the north, low in the south”, with significant spatial clustering. The distribution of cold and hot spots aligns with areas of high and low values. NO2 column concentration is primarily influenced by socio-economic factors, with the interaction between any two factors enhancing the explanatory power of individual factors on NO2 column concentration.

Characteristics of Spatiotemporal Changes in China's Carbon Budget at Different Administrative Scales

Currently, scientifically and reasonably specifying carbon emission reduction measures in the context of "double carbon" has become a common concern worldwide. China's administrative divisions have a notable impact on the formulation and implementation of relevant policies. Therefore the carbon emissions must be calculated accurately under China's administrative divisions at different scales. The spatiotemporal change characteristics of absorption and carbon emissions can provide scientific basis for the formulation of reasonable and differentiated carbon emission reduction policies in different administrative regions in China. To this end, this study used multi-source data such as remote sensing and statistics and integrated ecological models, statistics, and GIS space analysis and other methods to analyze the spatiotemporal dynamic change characteristics of carbon emissions and carbon absorption at different administrative scales （provinces, cities, and counties） in China. The results showed that： ① The total carbon absorption of vegetation in China continued to increase from 2000 to 2021 and the average value gradually increased. Differences were observed in spatiotemporal changes in carbon emissions at different administrative scales. The spatiotemporal changes at smaller scales were more evident. Carbon emissions showed obvious spatial differences of "high in the north and low in the south, high in the east and low in the west." ② The spatiotemporal distribution of CPI at the administrative scale was similar to that of carbon emissions and the overall trend was increasing annually. The pressure of carbon emissions on carbon absorption gradually weakened from the east to the central and western regions. ③ Spatiotemporal hotspot analysis showed that the overall spatial distribution of cold and hot spots in China's carbon absorption was as follows： In the spatial pattern of "hot in the east and cold in the west," the spatial distribution of cold and hot spots of carbon emissions showed agglomeration characteristics. The provincial scale was primarily oscillating hotspot whereas municipal and county scales were majorly continuous hot spots. Further results revealed that： ① Carbon absorption in different regions and periods in China showed significant variability, especially in the central and eastern regions. The possibility of offsetting carbon emissions by increasing carbon absorption remains. ② At the same scale, administrative regions （such as different provinces） and lower-level administrative regions at another scale （such as different cities in the same province） showed varying degrees of variability in carbon absorption and carbon emissions. Therefore, taking provincial administrative regions as an example for subsequent formulation considering carbon trading, emission reduction, and other policies, we should first consider the coordination of emissions between different cities in the province and then consider the coordination between provinces, which is expected to better promote the implementation of relevant policies.

Evaluation of Land Ecological Status and Diagnosis of Obstacle Factors in Jiangsu, China

By constructing a land ecological evaluation index system at the village scale and using models such as spatial correlation analysis, hotspot analysis, and obstacle factor diagnosis, the basic characteristics, spatial differentiation, and obstacle factors of land ecological status in Jiangsu Province were studied. This study sought to clarify the foundation, structure, function, and benefit characteristics of land ecosystems and optimize land management and policy regulation. The results showed that： ① The spatial distribution of land ecological status in Jiangsu Province was high in the north and low in the south, with multiple high-value areas radiating outward and decreasing, with low value centers radiating outward and increasing. The distribution area of the highest and lower values was relatively small, whereas the area of the middle value area was the largest. The higher values were mainly distributed in the suburbs and edge areas of each county. ② The spatial autocorrelation of land ecological status in Jiangsu Province was significant, with hot spots mainly concentrated in northern Jiangsu and cold spots concentrated in southern Jiangsu, as well as some areas of Taizhou and Nantong. The spatial distribution of cold and hot spots showed a complementary pattern with the level of regional development. The comprehensive index value of land ecology in developed areas was lower, whereas the index value in underdeveloped areas was higher. ③ The natural background conditions of Class Ⅰ land ecological zone in Jiangsu Province were superior, with good ecological construction and benefits and a high level of ecological status. The obstacle factors mainly included the proportion of water bodies and the average annual degradation rate of forest land. The Class Ⅱ land ecological zone was mostly located in the Huainan region and mainly composed of plain landforms. The Class Ⅲ land ecological zone had the largest area, located in the riverside areas of southern Jiangsu. The obstacle factors mainly included the average annual degradation rate of arable land and the proportion of soil pollution area. By controlling land ecological risks, the early warning level of ecological crisis could be improved.

Spatio-temporal soil loss modelling using RUSLE and sediment delivery into a reservoir in a semi-arid region of northern Nigeria

Soil loss is aggravated by uncontrolled deforestation, indiscriminate land clearing for agricultural activities, overgrazing, and urban development that leads to severe soil erosion over the land surface. The main objective of this research is to apply the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), in conjunction with remote sensing and GIS, to determine the temporal variation of soil loss from the Gubi watershed in the years 2000 and 2017 and to estimate the sediment delivery into the Gubi reservoir in Northern Nigeria. Datasets of rainfall, soil type, topography, cover management, and support practice were utilized to determine the five RUSLE factors. The research identified five levels of erosion ranging from severe to very low-risk areas. The spatial distribution of erosion hotspots in the catchment area was highlighted. Results revealed increasing levels of erosion from 14,244.31 tons/year in 2000 to 16,792.33 tons/year in 2017. Consequently, the catchment's sediment yield was 6903.65 tons/year and 9172.71 tons/year corresponding to sediment delivery ratios of 48.46 % and 54.62 % in 2000 and 2017 respectively. The sediment inflow into Gubi reservoir was 747.38 tons/year and 950.76 tons/year corresponding to 10.83 % and 10.37 % of the total sediment yield in 2000 and 2017 respectively. Soil erosion vulnerability index maps were produced and the erosion is expected to increase with time as agricultural activities and deforestation continue to occur. The sediment deposits have the potential to reduce the designed life of the reservoir. Best management practices, such as tree planting, mulching, and contour ridging are recommended for soil conservation. There is a need to assess the reservoir sediment deposits so that measures can be taken to maintain the reservoir operations properly.

Spatiotemporal Evolution and Driving Forces of Tourism Economic Resilience in Chinese Provinces

This study focuses on the resilience of tourism economies in Chinese provinces, exploring their spatiotemporal evolution and driving forces as a crucial prerequisite for promoting the high-quality development of China’s tourism industry. We construct a resilience evaluation index system from four dimensions: resistance resilience, recovery resilience, reshaping resilience, and development resilience, using provincial tourism data from 2012 to 2022. The study employs Moran’s Index, kernel density estimation, and GIS technology to investigate the differentiation characteristics, spatial evolution processes, and spatial agglomeration characteristics of provincial tourism economic resilience in China. Finally, the GeoDetector model is used to analyze the driving factors. The findings are as follows: (1) Over time, most provinces and cities in China have shown varying degrees of improvement in tourism economic resilience, with different changes observed across the four dimensions. (2) Spatially, significant differences exist between provinces, with better resilience in the east than in the west and in the south than in the north. (3) Regionally, while no polarization is observed, there is a distinct differentiation between high and low-value areas. (4) Regional linkages indicate the presence of interregional associations in China’s tourism economic resilience, with non-uniform distribution of cold and hot spots. (5) Key driving factors include per capita railway mileage, domestic tourism revenue, the number of travel agencies, and the number of employees in accommodation and catering. Under the backdrop of rapid tourism economic development, improving infrastructure construction and enhancing the comprehensive strength of the tourism industry is vital for boosting tourism economic resilience.

SERS detection of dopamine in artificial cerebrospinal fluid and in Parkinson’s disease-induced mouse cortex using a hybrid ZnO@Ag nanostructured platform

Rapid, direct, and sensitive detection of metabolites or clinically relevant biomarkers in complex biological samples is still challenging. We report a label-free surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based approach for highly sensitive detection of dopamine (DA) in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) and mouse brain tissue samples. The hybrid SERS-active sensing platform was designed to maximize the hot spot distribution. It encompasses a network of flexible and polymeric nanotrenches and nanogaps fabricated by nanoimprint lithography (NIL) covered by thin films of zinc oxide (ZnO) and silver (Ag) deposited using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and direct current magnetron sputtering (DC-MS), respectively. The growth of the ZnO and Ag thin films was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique. The proposed SERS substrate benefits from the interlayered semiconductor–metal contribution in SERS enhancement, leading to a versatile sensing platform with improved detection sensitivity through the increased hot spots distribution. Using this strategy, the proposed assay can achieve an ultralow DA determination at the nM level, a short testing time (<30 min), and high signal reproducibility (RSD 11 %). We also assessed the sensing attributes of our in house developed SERS platform to detect DA in spiked aCSF samples, and a limit of detection (LOD) of 10 μM was achieved. Additionally, after in vivo inducing Parkinson’s disease (PD) in mice, relevant biological samples (striatum and cortical brain tissue) were investigated by SERS and ELISA. Given its good stability and accuracy in complex samples, the SERS-ELISA analysis has great potential to be a powerful tool for the reliable detection of DA in remote conditions.

FOCOS DE CALOR E QUEIMADAS EM UNIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO FEDERAIS DO PANTANAL MATO-GROSSENSE NO PERÍODO DE 2016 – 2021

The Pantanal is one of the biomes that has suffered the most from burning, mainly due to its environmental characteristics. In view of this situation, this research sought to analyze the temporal space distribution of the sources of heat and recurrent fires in the Conservation Units Federal at the pantanal mato-grossense in the period 2016 to 2021 through Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) and by the Forest Fires and Burns Program, made available by the National Institute for Space Research (INPE). Satellite images and analyzes of the NBR index were processed in a virtual platform (GEE) and a database was created, which were treated and generated two types of maps, the NBRs and the distribution of hotspots. The results showed that 2020 was the year with the highest occurrence of hotspots in the studied period, totaling 54,140 thousand hotspots inside of UCs. The UCs Mato-grossense Pantanal National Park, SESC-Pantanal Private Reserve of Natural Heritage Ecological Resort and the Taiamã Ecological Station, showed the highest area burned in the year 2021 throughout the study period. Compared to 2020, there was an increase in burned area in 2021 in the UCs, Taiamã Ecological Station, RPPN Reserve Jubran, RPPN Ecological Resort SESC-Pantanal, Mato-grossense Pantanal National Park. It has been shown that in UCs, RPPN Resort Farm Dorochê, RPPN Ecological Resort SESC-Pantanal, Mato-grossense Pantanal National Park the Low Severity, Low Moderate Severity and High Moderate Severity classes, which represent less dense vegetation, increased considerably from 2016 to 2021. The UCs that showed the highest burn were: RPPN Resort Farm Dorochê and Mato-grossense Pantanal National Park. The NBR in this study presented results that disagree with what actually happened in the UCs, showing that the period used in the study from July to October is not recommended, because the fires may not have occurred yet, however, it shows that for the following year when hot spots occurred, the NBR detects scars from the fires of the previous year.

Examining intra-host genetic variation of RSV by short read high-throughput sequencing.

Every viral infection entails an evolving population of viral genomes. High-throughput sequencing technologies can be used to characterize such populations, but to date there are few published examples of such work. In addition, mixed sequencing data are sometimes used to infer properties of infecting genomes without discriminating between genome-derived reads and reads from the much more abundant, in the case of a typical active viral infection, transcripts. Here we apply capture probe-based short read high-throughput sequencing to nasal wash samples taken from a previously described group of adult hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients naturally infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). We separately analyzed reads from genomes and transcripts for the levels and distribution of genetic variation by calculating per position Shannon entropies. Our analysis reveals a low level of genetic variation within the RSV infections analyzed here, but with interesting differences between genomes and transcripts in 1) average per sample Shannon entropies; 2) the genomic distribution of variation 'hotspots'; and 3) the genomic distribution of hotspots encoding alternative amino acids. In all, our results suggest the importance of separately analyzing reads from genomes and transcripts when interpreting high-throughput sequencing data for insight into intra-host viral genome replication, expression, and evolution.

Enantioselective Molecular Detection by Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering at Chiral Gold Helicoids on Grating Surfaces.

Distinct advantages of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) in molecular detection can benefit the enantioselective discrimination of specific molecular configurations. However, many of the recent methods still lack versatility and require customized anchors to chemically interact with the studied analyte. In this work, we propose the utilization of helicoid-shaped chiral gold nanoparticles arranged in an ordered array on a gold grating surface for enantioselective SERS recognition. This arrangement ensured a homogeneous distribution of chiral plasmonic hot spots and facilitated the enhancement of the SERS response of targeted analytes through plasmon coupling between gold helicoid multimers (formed in the grating valleys) and adjacent regions of the gold grating. Naproxen enantiomers (R(+) and S(-)) were employed as model compounds, revealing a clear dependence of their SERS response on the chirality of the gold helicoids. Additionally, propranolol and penicillamine enantiomers were used to validate the universality of the proposed approach. Finally, numerical simulations were conducted to elucidate the roles of intensified local electric field and optical helicity density on the SERS signal intensity and on the chirality of the nanoparticles and enantiomers. Unlike previously reported methods, our approach relies on the excitation of a chiral plasmonic near-field and its interaction with the chiral environment of analyte molecules, obviating the need for the enantioselective entrapment of targeted molecules. Moreover, our method is not limited to specific analyte classes and can be applied to a broad range of chiral molecules.