Global Distribution Of Resources Research Articles

Development trends of the cluster movement in the economy of Ukraine

Clusters in Ukraine have problems with the rupture of production and distribution chains. To solve these problems, it is necessary to correct the activities of clusters under martial law. Violations of transport routes and relocation of business have a significant economic impact on the formation of global value chains. It is important to assess the political and economic factors influencing changes in global and regional value chains. In 2022, there have been significant changes in the global distribution of resources. The invasion of Russian troops into Ukraine has prompted the developed world community to push Russian and Belarusian companies out of the global value chain. Such changes provide new opportunities for Ukrainian business. Creating new global and regional value chains can be based on innovative industrial high-tech ecosystems. Developed industry and regional clusters can be based on such ecosystems. It is proposed to consider new proposals to adjust the areas of cooperation of Ukrainian clusters and refocus their activities in the new economic situation. Integration into global and regional businesses may include the development of services, the development of international cooperation between enterprises on global business platforms. The article aims at study of the innovative development of clusters as the basis of economic recovery of Ukraine. Actual is to research the foreign economic activity factors of Ukraine within the framework of development of clusters. Innovative development is an important component of the country's economic growth. The development of innovative industrial high-tech clusters for successful integration into the global economy is important for Ukraine. Clusters consolidate the existing potential of companies in order to obtain synergies. The authors try to formulate modern directions of development for further integration of the Ukrainian clusters into EU economics. Clusters should also be open to participation in new projects related to the restoration of Ukraine's infrastructure. The article examines the examples of integrating Ukrainian companies into international cooperation and the structure of regional cluster of Zaporizhzhia “Engineering – Automation – Machinery” (EAM).

Regional sustainable development of renewable natural resources using Net Primary Productivity on a global scale

Renewable natural resources and ecosystem services constitute the fundamental support needed for the sustainable development of human beings. Emergy assessment coupled with Geographic Information System (GIS) has supported the creation of an effective framework needed towards sustainable development. Unprecedented global maps depicting the emergy distribution of renewable natural resources (e.g., solar radiation, wind, rainfall, and geothermal heat flow) are presented in this work, and a composite empower density (Em; sej/km2/year) map was generated. The entire world was classified based on land cover types, United Nations (UN) geoscheme regions, major river basins, and climate types. We identified the regions with abundant renewable emergy and compared these regions based on different renewable resources. We also used 24 different General Circulation Models (GCMs) to examine the impact of climate change on distribution of global resources. Moreover, the distribution of Net Primary Productivity (NPP) was related to emergy to understand the interactions between energy and the environment. Our results suggest that the Himalayan region and highland areas of South America, European Russia and Eastern Europe are rich in overall renewable resources, GCM projections suggest that a major part of the globe is expected to observe an increment in renewable resources. Most of the regions projecting a decrease in renewable resources (critical regions as the empower density is expected to decrease) have a moderate empower density/NPP ratio and therefore, climate change is expected to cause a moderate effect on the ecosystem of these regions. The results from this study can provide useful information to decision-makers in formulating the policy of renewable resources exploitation while ensuring minimal disturbance to the ecosystem.

Toward an Infrastructural Sublime: Narrating Interdependency in Karen Tei Yamashita’s Los Angeles

AbstractThis article examines the vibrant city infrastructures of Karen Tei Yamashita's 1997 novel Tropic of Orange in order to highlight interdependency as political and aesthetic value. The novel's emphasis on urban support systems—the oft-unnoticed roads, pipes, wires, and labor networks that allow the city to function—positions infrastructure as itself a critical lens, one that can reassess the relationship of ethnic American literature and subjectivity to the values of self-ownership, protest, and independence. By amplifying the overlooked support networks that underpin fictions of self-sufficiency, Yamashita's Tropic of Orange diverges from the narrative of self-ownership as liberatory endpoint. Instead, it recuperates the much-maligned category of dependency, positioning dependency as a vital site of aesthetic and political possibility within anti-racist and anti-capitalist struggle. This recuperation proves particularly significant in light of pernicious and persistent dependency mythologies, such as the “illegal immigrant,” that frame racialized subjects as drains on the public. Infrastructure, as an often unseen entity nonetheless central to the operation of cities and the global distribution of resources, represents a key vehicle in Tropic of Orange for thinking about contemporary ecologies of assistance, power, and provision, and for mapping the global imbalances of power that render certain dependencies hypervisible while erasing others.

Access and allocation in food governance, a decadal view 2008\u20132018

Achieving food security worldwide raises a number of issues with regard to the distribution of global resources. On the one hand, access to resources and ecospace is essential for individuals in order to survive; on the other hand, the allocation of the earth’s resources as well as risks and responsibilities are relevant for the global community. Yet, elements of access and allocation are various and complex, encompassing social, environmental, and economic dimensions in an increasingly fragmented global governance structure. Drawing on the multidisciplinary governance framework on access and allocation by Gupta and Lebel, this paper provides a synoptical review of the literature on food security of the past decade from the perspective of the earth system governance scholarship. This article addresses the question: what have we learnt about access and allocation issues in the area of food governance and its implications for food security? In addressing this question, this review examines how institutions, norms and power affect access to and allocation of resources. The paper draws out key trends and lessons from the literature to conclude that research needs to be sensitive to the complexity and intersectionality of food, the systemic challenges that it poses, and the broader political economy around it.

Improving Environmental Legislation in Central Asia: Current Trends and Features of Cooperation with the European Union

The article describes the results of a study of environmental problems that intensely limit socioeconomic development in Central Asia. The authors analyse the current environmental problems as follows. The loss of biodiversity and the complexity of the network of protected natural areas. Insufficient level of municipal solid waste processing, energy efficiency problems, in particular, the deterioration of the energy system. There are as well the imbalance between hydropower, irrigated agriculture and the environment, problems of the Aral Sea. The article proposes solution methods, including amendments to the legislation, i.e. the adoption of managerial decisions, as well as strengthening judicial control over compliance with the law. Gaps in the legislative regulation of environmental safety are examined. Along with policies at the national, regional and international levels. As well as future trends in the distribution of global resources that will be effective in protecting the environment, including the activities of The Regional Environmental Centre for Central Asia (hereinafter – CAREC). The article analyses the basic environmental rights of citizens as well as cases and consequences of violation of such rights.

World Trade and Investment Law in a Time of Crisis: Distribution, Development and Social Protection

World trade and investment law is in crisis: new and progressive ideas are needed. Rules that facilitated globalization and supported global economic growth are being challenged. A system of global governance that once seemed secure is now at risk as the US ignores the rules while developing countries struggle to escape restrictions. Some want to tear global institutions and agreements down while others try desperately to maintain the status quo. Rejecting both options, we convened a group of trade and investment law experts from 10 countries South and North who have proposed ideas for a new world trade and investment law that would maintain global growth while distributing costs and benefits more fairly. This essay frames the issues and introduces the volume. We look at the impact of trade and investment law on the global distribution of resources, and pay special attention to those who have suffered from trade dislocation and to restrictions that have hampered innovative growth strategies in developing countries. This perspective shapes a progressive trade and investment law agenda that is outlined in the book and summarized here. We suggest new ways to link trade with protection for labor; measures to ensure that gains from trade are used to offset losses; new rules that can protect foreign investments without hamstringing developing governments or harming local communities; innovative procedures to allow developing countries freedom to try innovative growth strategies; and methods to cope with new products like cannabis.

A multi-agent system for DRCMPSP based on auction and critical chain

This paper develops a multi-agent system based on auction and critical chain (MAS/AC) for decentralised resource constrained multiple project scheduling problem (DRCMPSP). In this system, parallel projects are to be scheduled simultaneously under the consideration of multi-objectives, where the allocation of global resources is independent from the allocation of activities and local resources through a multi-agent system. The critical chain method (CCM) is applied to adjust the schedule and local resource constraints of each single project. Subsequently, multiple objectives of different projects are considered in the process of calculating bid price. Moreover, the distribution of global resources is conducted by AA employed combinatorial auction. Through the interactive communication between AA and PAs, parallel projects could be scheduled simultaneously with respect to their different characteristics and interests, and the benefits of the whole system could be ensured meanwhile. An experimental example together is applied to demonstrate the efficiency and superiority of MAS/AC.

A multi-agent system for DRCMPSP based on auction and critical chain

This paper develops a multi-agent system based on auction and critical chain (MAS/AC) for decentralised resource constrained multiple project scheduling problem (DRCMPSP). In this system, parallel projects are to be scheduled simultaneously under the consideration of multi-objectives, where the allocation of global resources is independent from the allocation of activities and local resources through a multi-agent system. The critical chain method (CCM) is applied to adjust the schedule and local resource constraints of each single project. Subsequently, multiple objectives of different projects are considered in the process of calculating bid price. Moreover, the distribution of global resources is conducted by AA employed combinatorial auction. Through the interactive communication between AA and PAs, parallel projects could be scheduled simultaneously with respect to their different characteristics and interests, and the benefits of the whole system could be ensured meanwhile. An experimental example together is applied to demonstrate the efficiency and superiority of MAS/AC.

Resource acquisition, distribution and end-use efficiencies and the growth of industrial society

Abstract. A key feature of the growth of industrial society is the acquisition of increasing quantities of resources from the environment and their distribution for end-use. With respect to energy, the growth of industrial society appears to have been near-exponential for the last 160 years. We provide evidence that indicates that the global distribution of resources that underpins this growth may be facilitated by the continual development and expansion of near-optimal directed networks (roads, railways, flight paths, pipelines, cables etc.). However, despite this continual striving for optimisation, the distribution efficiencies of these networks must decline over time as they expand due to path lengths becoming longer and more tortuous. Therefore, to maintain long-term exponential growth the physical limits placed on the distribution networks appear to be counteracted by innovations deployed elsewhere in the system, namely at the points of acquisition and end-use of resources. We postulate that the maintenance of the growth of industrial society, as measured by global energy use, at the observed rate of ~ 2.4 % yr−1 stems from an implicit desire to optimise patterns of energy use over human working lifetimes.

Themes of Scarcity

Goodbun is the lead guest editor of this issue of the international journal Architectural Design, and the primary author of the substantial introduction to this edition. In addition, he is the sole author of an article in it entitled 'Flexibility and Ecological Planning: Gregory Bateson on Urbanism', and is co-author of an article (with Karin Jaschke) on 'Architecture and Relational Resources: Towards a New Materialist Practice'. The publication is related to a £1 million EU HERA funded research project 'Scarcity and Creativity in the Built Environment' (SCIBE) (see www.scibe.eu), led by the University of Westminster (Goodbun a co-investigator), and including the Technical University Vienna and Oslo School of Architecture. Scarcity, whether conceived of as an actual limit on resources, or as a socially constructed condition of uneven social or global distribution of resources, has been largely absent as a critical concept in mainstream architectural discourse. This issue of Architectural Design examines ways in which architects and designers may respond to scarcity by means of a change in their design practices and their design thinking. The publication includes work by leading thinkers and designers, including the design theorist Ezio Manzini; architectural theorists and practitioners Winy Maas, Alejandro Zaera-Polo, Michael Sorkin, and MUF; ecological philosophers Tim Morton and Kate Soper, and geographers Erik Swyngedouw and Maria Kaika.

Explaining India’s Nuclearization: Engaging Realism and Social Constructivism

This article presents an analytical hybrid of realism and critical social constructivism as its theoretical framework, and representations of (in)securities as an interpretation of politics, to explain India's nuclearization policies. Arguing that a linkage of political leaders' ideologies, articulation of statist identities, and (in)securities defines a state's security practices, I compare how the ideological perceptions of the post-colonial Indian state's leaders have articulated divergent notions of nationalisms, nationalist identities, and (in)securities and corresponding nuclear-policy choices. In charting this comparison, I explore how the political, economic, and developmental insecurities perceived by the Indian state under the Congress Party have become communal/cultural under the Bharatiya Janata Party, thereby facilitating the BJP's justification of India's nuclear-weapon tests. The article thus hopes to add to our understanding about the security problematiques of states and communities. Key words: India, East Asian security, weapons Introduction Weaknesses of Realist Explanations On May 11, 1998 the Indian state under its recent Hindu Right Government, led by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)1 exploded three devices, followed by two more explosions a couple of days later. Shortly afterwards, on May 28 and 30, the Pakistani government responded by exploding six weapons. These two events marked the emergence of India and Pakistan as declared nuclear-weapon states from their earlier, more ambivalent, positions as nuclear-capable states. What explains India's detonations? Among the contending arguments, the predominant one is based on realism-the assumption that in an anarchical world, recourse to self-help to protect national security is the most pragmatic strategy for a state to follow.2 From this realist perspective, the regional milieu surrounding the Indian subcontinent-in particular, the animosity of India's neighbors, Pakistan and China-makes India's tests understandable. Yet, I consider this explanation limited because realism, guided by a utilitarian [objective] calculus, conceptualizes security largely within the parameters of an objective and empirical discourse, where insecurity is a given. Thus, realism has paid scant attention to the subjective ways in which insecurity may be constructed in international relations and how policy makers' ideologies may define states' identities, (in)securities, and security policies. The Indian government has also made use of a nuclearapartheid argument to justify India's detonation. Although relatively less recognized than the realist explanation, this argument points to the inequalities in the distribution of global resources that were institutionalized and legitimized through international arms control treaties such as the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) and the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT)-treaties that created an elite club of nuclear-haves with exclusive rights to maintain arsenals that were denied to the vast majority of the nuclear havenots. 3 The nuclear-apartheid argument overcomes the objective biases of the realists and provides more normative explanations of India's nuclearization. Yet, this line of analysis ignores how nationalist identities and insecurities may also explain India's policies. Recently scholars have also highlighted an identity-logic constitutive of India's identity as a post-colonial state in explaining India's 1998 detonation. This specific analysis needs to be taken at two levels: first, by paying attention to India's identity as a modern post-colonial state; and second, by explaining how the relation between modernity and nation-state evidenced through India's monumental state-building project has resulted in the fetishization of science by the country's policy makers.4 The identity-logic argument has acquired considerable currency in the immediate aftermath of the 1998 tests, with the claim that the tests were emblematic of the jingoistic BJP's quest for a more virile and muscular Indian state. …