Distribution Of Congenital Heart Disease Research Articles

The detailed profile of congenital heart diseases in 254 children with Down syndrome in Saudi Arabia

BackgroundDown syndrome is the most common chromosomal abnormality in humans. It is associated with several congenital anomalies, including a spectrum of congenital heart diseases. Understanding the true prevalence and distribution of congenital heart diseases is essential for health resource planning, outcomes, and family counseling.This study aimed to assess the prevalence and distribution of congenital heart disease in children with Down syndrome. It is a retrospective cohort review that included all patients treated at King Abdulaziz University Hospital. Frequencies were estimated using the SPSS software and comparisons were made using Student’s t test.ResultsThe ages of the 254 subjects ranged from less than 1 year to 53 years. Of these, 44.5% were female and 40.6% were Saudi nationals. Congenital heart disease was present in 66.5% with a significant difference between Saudi nationals 44.6%) and non-Saudi nationals 71.5% (P = 0.01). The atrioventricular septal defect was the most common pathology, representing 33.1% of all congenital heart diseases followed by perimembranous ventricular septal defect 18.9%, and right ventricular pathology 10.2%.ConclusionThe prevalence of congenital heart diseases in Saudi children with Down Syndrome is similar to that reported worldwide. Septal defects and right-sided pathologies are the dominant forms of congenital heart diseases, with atrioventricular septal defect and perimembranous ventricular septal defect representing the most common pathologies.

Anorectal malformations (ARM) and VACTERL association and severity of congenital heart diseases (CHD): Experience of 396 consecutive patients in a tertiary center

ObjectiveCongenital heart diseases (CHD) are the most frequently associated anomalies with anorectal malformations (ARM). Nevertheless, many specific aspects of CHD in ARM patients have yet to be studied. The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence and distribution of CHD in neonates-infants with ARM, and to explore whether the severity of ARM, and the presence of VACTERL association, had an impact on CHD rate, severity, and timing at first cardiac surgery. Study designAll consecutive newborn-infants with ARM managed in our tertiary center (January-1999; December-2021) were collected from a prospective database and retrospectively analyzed. Prevalence and distribution of CHD in ARM patients were assessed. Patients were divided into groups depending on ARM severity and presence of VACTERL association. Pairwise comparison for CHD prevalence, severity, and timing at first cardiac surgery was performed between groups. ResultsOf 396 ARM patients identified, those with severe ARM showed a higher number of overall CHD compared to patients with non-severe ARM (36.7 % vs. 25.2 %, p = 0.032). VACTERL + patients had a significantly higher prevalence of CHD (73.4 % vs. 16.4 %; p <0.001) and major CHD (51.7 % vs. 26.9 %; p = 0.008) when compared with VACTERL-patients. Furthermore, VACTERL + patients underwent first cardiac surgery at a significantly younger age than VACTERL-patients (5.2 ± 15.2 months vs. 11.9 ± 6.3, p = 0.039). ConclusionsPatients with severe ARM had a higher number of CHD compared to patients with non-severe ARM. VATERL + patients had significantly more CHD and more severe CHD than VACTERL-patients. Early screening for CHD is strongly recommended in all newborns diagnosed with ARM before surgery. Level of evidenceIII retrospective comparative study.

Risk factors related with congenital heart disease: a single center experience

Aims: Many cases of congenital heart disease are multifactorial and result from a combination of genetic predisposition and an as-yet-to-be-determined environmental stimulus. The purpose of the study is to determine the patients who were diagnosed with CHD through echocardiography and to reveal the risk factors that may cause congenital heart anomalies in our center. Methods: The medical records of pediatric patients applied to our pediatric cardiology clinic between January 2010 –December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: 147 cases were diagnosed with CHD. 60 (52.6%) of the cases were female and 54 (47.4) were male. 77 of the 114 patients included in the study were acyanotic (67.5%) and 37 (32.5%) were cyanotic. Seventeen of the acyanotic patients had mixed CHD. The mean maternal gestational age was 28.2±5.78 years. 26 (22.8%) were born preterm. 17 (14.9 %) patients were born with low birth weight (under 2500 g). 8 (7%) patients were LGA (large for gestational age) (birth weight over 4000 g). Average birth weight was 2,98±740,8 gr. Consanguinity was found in the parents of 28 (24.5%) patients. There was a history of CHD in the relatives of 6 (5.2%) patients, siblings of 4 (3.5%) patients, and parents of 5 (4.3%) patients. Chromosomal abnormalities were found in 9 (7.9%) patients. Conclusion: Our study is a valuable contribution to the existing literature in that it showed that the frequency and distribution of congenital heart diseases have not changed in recent years, and its findings are compatible with the literature findings.

498 PERSISTENT FIFTH AORTIC ARCH IN A PATIENT WITH CHARGE SYNDROME: A CASE REPORT AND SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Abstract Background CHARGE syndrome (CS) is a rare genetic disease characterized by a constellation of clinical findings including Coloboma, Heart defects, choanal Atresia, Retardation of growth and/or development, Genitourinary malformation and Ear abnormalities. We present a case of persistent fifth aortic arch (PFAA), an extremely rare congenital anomaly of aortic arch (AA), in a child with genetically confirmed CS and perform a systematic review of published studied, in an effort to examinate the distribution of congenital heart diseases (CHDs) and their impact in CHARGE patients. Case presentations and results A 12 years-old child was referred to our echocardiography laboratory for atypical chest pain. He had bilateral ocular coloboma, left hypoacusis, scoliosis, mild motor impairments, nocturnal enuresis, micropenis and facial dysmorphisms. Molecular diagnostic testing identified a de novo mutation (variant c.5290_5300+10del) in the CHD7 gene and CS was diagnosed. Echocardiography showed a single posterolateral papillary muscle and a cleft of anterior mitral leaflet. Interestingly, AA had a double-lumen appearance without Doppler signs of coarctation. A PFFA was hypothesized and then confirmed at angioCT. A systematic review of the literature was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. All published articles reporting the association CS and CHDs were chosen. A total of 975 records were identified. After the screening of title and abstract, assessed for eligibility were 219 papers. Finally, inclusion and full-text analysis was made in 60 studies, of which 37 case reports and 23 case series. We found that ventricular septal defects emerged as the most prevalent heart defect (32%), followed by atrial septal defects reported in 23% of cases. Complex CHDs were also described. Interestingly, AA abnormalities were reported in a high percentage (27%) of patients, right AA in 20% in association or not with aberrant subclavian artery and vascular ring, interrupted AA in 5% of cases, as well as aortic coarctation in 10%. Of note, almost half of the cases (49%) required cardiac surgery, mostly performed within 1 year from birth and, although outcome was available in a minority of patients, the death was reported in almost 30%. Conclusions Our case is the first that reports PFFA in CS and may be mistaken for AA dissection. In comparison with other syndromic diseases, a high prevalence of AA abnormalities was found in patients with mutations in the CHD7 gene.

Impact of Socioeconomic Status and Residence Distance on Infant Heart Disease Outcomes in Canada.

Background Socioeconomic status (SES) impacts clinical outcomes associated with severe congenital heart disease (sCHD). We examined the impact of SES and remoteness of residence (RoR) on congenital heart disease (CHD) outcomes in Canada, a jurisdiction with universal health insurance. Methods and Results All infants born in Canada (excluding Quebec) from 2008 to 2018 and hospitalized with CHD requiring intervention in the first year were identified. Neighborhood level SES income quintiles were calculated, and RoR was categorized as residing <100 km, 100 to 299 km, or >300 km from the closest of 7 cardiac surgical programs. In-hospital mortality at <1 year was the primary outcome, adjusted for preterm birth, low birth weight, and extracardiac pathology. Among 7711 infants, 4485 (58.2%) had moderate CHD (mCHD) and 3226 (41.8%) had sCHD. Overall mortality rate was 10.5%, with higher rates in sCHD than mCHD (13.3% versus 8.5%, respectively). More CHD infants were in the lowest compared with the highest SES category (27.1% versus 15.0%, respectively). The distribution of CHD across RoR categories was 52.3%, 21.3%, and 26.4% for <100 km, 100 to 299 km, and >300 km, respectively. Although SES and RoR had no impact on sCHD mortality, infants with mCHD living >300 km had a higher risk of mortality relative to those living <100 km (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.43 [95% CI, 1.11-1.84]). Infants with mCHD within the lowest SES quintile and living farthest away had the highest risk for mortality (aOR, 1.74 [95% CI, 1.08-2.81]). Conclusions In Canada, neither RoR nor SES had an impact on outcomes of infants with sCHD. Greater RoR, however, may contribute to higher risk of mortality among infants with mCHD.

Pattern of paediatric congenital heart diseases.

Objective: To find out pattern along with age and gender wise distribution of congenital heart disease (CHD). Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Pediatrics, Sughra Shafi Medical Complex, Narowal. Period: January 2019 to February 2020. Material &amp; Methods: During the study period, a total of 151 children aged between 1 month to 15 years as confirmed case of CHD according to echocardiography were enrolled for this study. Gender, age categories, area of residence and types of CHDs were represented as frequency and percentages. Patients with different types of CHDs were distributed between both gender and different age categories. SPSS version 26.0 was used to handle and analyze all study related data. Results: During the study period, a total of 151 confirmed cases of CHD were enrolled. There were 82 (54.3%) male and 69 (45.7%) female representing a male to female ratio of 1.2:1. Most of the cases were aged less than 1 year. There were 118 (78.1%) children below 1 year of age while 22 (14.6%) between 1 to 5 years of age and 11 (7.3%) above 5 years of age. Ventricular septal defect (VSD) and ASD were noted to be the most frequent types of acyanotic heart lesions in 41 (27.2%) and 29 (19.2%) cases respectively whereas TOF was the most frequent type of cyanotic heart lesion in 23 (15.2%) cases. Conclusion: VSD followed by ASD and TOF were noted to be the most frequent types of CHD.

Birth prevalence of congenital heart disease among newborns in a tertiary hospital in Benin City, Nigeria.

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is an important cause of childhood morbidity. The birth prevalence and distribution of CHD among neonates in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria was determined. This descriptive, cross-sectional study involved consecutive neonates in the neonatal and postnatal wards of the hospital. Bedside echocardiography was conducted on all neonates. Data entry and analysis was done with IBM-SPSS version 20.0. A total of 2 849 neonates were recruited, consisting of 1 482 (52.0%) males. Forty-one neonates had CHD, giving a birth prevalence of 14.4/1 000 live births. Of the 41 with CHD, 21 (51.2%) were male. Thirty-six (87.8%) neonates had acyanotic CHD, of which the commonest was isolated ventricular septal defect [11 (26.8%)]. Transposition of the great arteries [3 (7.3%)] was the commonest cyanotic CHD. The birth prevalence of 14.4/1 000 live births in this study is high and buttresses the need for strengthening existing cardiac services in Nigeria.

Patterns of Congenital Heart Disease Among Patients Attending in Specialized Hospitals

Background: Incidence of congenital heart disease is serious and common conditions that have significant impact on morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs in children and adults. The objective of this paper is socio-demographic characteristics, pattern, risk factors and geographical distribution of Congenital Heart Disease (CHD).&#x0D; Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted throughout the year of 2013 in Dhaka city of Bangladesh. Among the children with confirmed diagnosis of CHD within the age ranging from birth to 18 years, admitted and treated at National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease (NICVD) and National Heart Foundation and Research Center (NHFRC) were included.&#x0D; Result: Out of 168 patients, 64% were living in rural area, 36% were living in urban. The study revealed that 58.9% of male were predominant whereas female was 41.1%. The mean (±SD) age of patients was 4.87(±2.83) years. 71.4% of the children were within 1 to 5 years of age. 36.9% CHD was diagnosed at the age of 1 - 5 years. Finding of the study revealed that there were different types of CHD namely Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) 35.15%, Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) 27.4%, Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) 13.7%, Coarctation of the aorta 4.8% and Tetralogy of Fallots 19%. In urban area, 37.4% patients had VSD while in rural area, 31.1% patients had ASD. This variation of CHD in relation to living place of the patients was statistically important (χ2 4 = 11.62, p=0.024). In female patients, VSD is more than 58%, however in male patients, ASD is more than 36.4%. This variation of CHD according to sex of the patients was statistically vital (χ2 4 = 27.85, p=0.001). Among the mothers, 39.8% utilized Ant-natal Care (ANC) had VSD while 24.0% having VSD did not utilized ANC. This variation was statistically significant (χ2 4 = 8.235, p=0.04). Among the patients, 41.7% were aged 1-5 years who had VSD while 50.0% were aged 6-10 years who had ASD. This variation was statistically important as it showed (χ2 8 = 43.601, p=0.000)&#x0D; Conclusions: As the most common type of congenital heart diseases are VSD and ASD, the findings of this study will contribute in early detection and proper management of CHD in the contexts to others and thus save lives.&#x0D; JOPSOM 2020; 39(2): 40-44

Trends in the prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 21 show younger maternal age and shift in the distribution of congenital heart disease over a 20-year period.

Prenatal testing has changed greatly over the past two decades, which may affect the diagnosis of congenital heart disease (CHD) in Down syndrome. The present study aimed to analyze changes in the prevalence and distribution of CHD diagnosed via ultrasonography and fetopathology in 462 fetuses with trisomy 21 between two consecutive 10-year periods (1999-2018), as well as the associations between CHDs, ultrasound markers, and extracardiac malformations. Overall, the frequency of cardiovascular malformations in trisomy 21 was 27.7 and 26.5%, and ultrasound identified 70 and 62% of CHDs during these periods. A profound increase in first-trimester ultrasound findings and associated anomalies with CHDs (ventricular septal defect, Tetralogy of Fallot) since 2009 were observed. Second-trimester nonstructural heart abnormalities were associated with ultrasound anomalies (74%) and major extracardiac malformations (42.9%). During both study periods, mothers carrying fetuses with CHD were significantly younger than those without CHD (p = 0.038, p = 0.009, respectively). Comparing the two 10-year periods, there were no changes in the prevalence and detection of CHDs. Trend analysis revealed that, although the frequency of CHD remained stable, the diagnostic spectrum had shifted between the study periods. Detection of nonstructural heart abnormalities necessitates detailed follow-up for cardiac/extracardiac malformations and chromosomal disorders.

Evaluation of the prevalence and distribution of congenital heart diseases who presented to a pediatric cardiology outpatient clinic

Introduction: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and distribution of congenital heart disease in patients who presented to the paediatric cardiology outpatient clinic in Turkey. Methods: File records of the children who underwent transthoracic echocardiography within the 3-year period between January 2013 and December 2015 at the paediatric cardiology outpatient clinic were retrospectively evaluated. Congenital heart diseases were grouped as follows: diseases with a left-to-right shunt, obstructive diseases, cyanotic diseases, cardiac malposition, vascular ring and unclassified diseases. Prevalence of the diseases, distribution among gender and age groups were investigated. Results: This study included 12,342 subjects; 6996 (56.7%) subjects were male and 5346 (43.3%) subjects were female. The subjects were aged between 1 day and 18 years, and the mean age was 6.86 ± 5.39 years; 27.7% of the subjects were determined to have congenital heart disease. The prevalence of congenital heart disease was higher in males and in the 0–1 month age group. Of the subjects with congenital heart disease, 87% had a disease with a left-to-right shunt, 21.2% had an unclassified disease, 7% had obstructive disease, 1.6% had cyanotic disease, 0.8% had a vascular ring and 0.7% had cardiac malposition. Conclusion: We recommend performing echocardiography on patients presenting to a paediatric cardiology outpatient clinic. Conducting echocardiographic examination on new-borns who are referred to the paediatric cardiology department within the first month of life would enable detecting, particularly the diseases with a left-to-right shunt and cyanotic congenital heart diseases, and ensure timely treatment planning.

Incidence and Patterns of Congenital Heart Disease Among Jordanian Infants, a Cohort Study From a University Tertiary Center.

Background: Data is limited about the incidence of congenital heart disease in Jordan. The goal of this study is to determine the incidence and patterns of congenital heart diseases (CHD) among Jordanian infants evaluated at King Abdullah University Hospital.Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted for all infants who had an echocardiogram evaluation in the 3-years period July 2016–June 2019. All included infants had a 2-dimentional echocardiogram with a Doppler vascular study performed by the same cardiologist. Infants with a structural congenital heart disease were included in the analysis.Results: A total of 1,028 infants were evaluated at the cardiology department during the study period. Eight hundred and sixty-five had an abnormal echo finding. Two hundred and ninety-eighth were diagnosed with CHD. The incidence of CHD was 25 per 1000 live births. Fifty one percent were premature infants. The majority of cases were mild CHD. Patent ductus arteriosus was the most common acyanotic lesion followed by ventricular septal defect and atrial septal defect with a prevalence of 44, 25, and 25%, respectively. Cyanotic CHD constituted 6% of all CHD. Tetralogy of Fallott was the most common cyanotic CHD. The main indication for referral was hearing a heart murmur during physical examination.Conclusion: Although the incidence of CHD in our cohort was relatively high, the majority of cases were acyanotic mild CHD with favorable prognosis. A wider population-based study is needed to evaluate the incidence and better understand the patterns and distribution of CHD at a national level.

PATTERNS OF CONGENITAL HEART DISEASES AND ACCESS TO CARE IN THE MALDIVES

Congenital heart disease (CHD) accounts for 20% per cent of birthdefects in Maldives. This paper explore the composition and distribution of CHDs in the Maldives and results of early detection interventions programme ‘Care for Tiny Hearts’conducted by Tiny Hearts Maldives in collaboration with

Congenital heart disease in school children in Lagos, Nigeria: Prevalence and the diagnostic gap.

Congenital heart disease (CHD) in low-and-middle income countries (LMIC) is often characterized by late presentation resulting from inadequate screening and healthcare access in these regions. Accurate estimates of the burden of CHD among school children are often lacking. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and distribution of CHD among school children in two communities (urban and semi-urban) in south western Nigeria. Using clinical assessment and portable echocardiography, 4107 school children aged 5 years to 16 years in Lagos, Nigeria, were selected using a multistage sampling procedure and screened for CHD. Diagnosis of CHD was made after echocardiography. Children identified with CHD were referred to a tertiary hospital for appropriate cardiac care. The 4,107 children screened had a mean age of 11.3 ± 2.7 years and 53.7% were females. Twenty seven children had echocardiography-confirmed CHD, representing a prevalence of CHD among school children in Lagos, Nigeria of 6.6 per 1000 children. Acyanotic CHD constituted 96.3% of detected cases. Two children diagnosed with CHD (Tetralogy of Fallot and severe pulmonary valve stenosis respectively) had successful intervention. The prevalence of previously undiagnosed CHD among school children in Lagos Nigeria is substantial and highlights gaps in the health care system and school health programs. Echocardiographic screening of school children provides an opportunity for missed early diagnosis and treatment of CHD and reduces the prevalence of first-diagnosed CHD in adulthood. Therefore, focused clinical examination of school children followed by echocardiography is a strategy that could bridge this diagnostic and treatment gap in CHD.

Incidence and distribution of congenital heart disease in the neonatal intensive care unit: A single center experience

Amac : Dogumsal kalp hastaliklari, yenidoganlarda gorulen en sik dogumsal anomali nedenidir. Bu calismada amacimiz, hastanemiz yenidogan yogun bakim unitesinde izlenen bebekler arasinda dogumsal kalp hastaligi tanisi alan hastalarin siklik, dagilim ve tanisal ipuclari acisindan geriye donuk degerlendirilmesidir. Gerec ve Yontem : Ocak 2014 – Eylul 2018 tarihleri arasinda yenidogan yogun bakim unitemizde yatan 3350 bebek arasinda dogumsal kalp hastaligi tanisi alan 392 bebek geriye donuk olarak degerlendirildi. Bu bebeklerin degerlendirilme nedenleri, cinsiyetleri ve kardiyovaskuler sistem muayenesi, elektrokardiyogram, ekokardiyografik inceleme ile koyulmus tanilari kaydedildi. Bulgular: Dogumsal kalp hastaligi tanisi alan 392 bebek calismaya dahil edildi. Hastalarin 201’ i erkek (%51,27) , 191’ i kiz (%48,72) idi. Merkezimizde dogumsal kalp hastaligi sikligini %11,7 olarak bulduk. En sik gorulen asiyanotik kalp hastaliklari sirasi ile ventrikuler septal defekt %31,3, atriyal septal defekt %30,1, patent duktus arteriozus %21,6 iken, siyanotik kalp hastaliklari fallot tetralojisi %3,8 ve buyuk arter transpozisyonu %2,5 idi. Hastalarin cocuk kardiyoloji tarafindan en sik degerlendirilme nedeni siyanotik kalp hastaliklarinda siyanoz iken, asiyanotik kalp hastaliklarinda ufurum ve solunum sikintisi idi. Sonuc: Dogumsal kalp hastaliklari, tum dogumsal anomaliler icerisinde yaklasik ucte bir gibi buyuk bir kismi olusturmaktadir, bu nedenle yenidogan doneminde onemli bir saglik sorunudur. Bu hastalarda erken kardiyolojik degerlendirme tani ve erken tedavi icin cok onemlidir. Yenidogan yogun bakim unitesinde izlenen bebekler arasinda dogumsal kalp hastaligi sikligi tum canli doganlara gore daha yuksektir.

Study on spectrum of heart diseases in children aged 1 month to 12 years in a rural medical college in Southern India

Background: To study the pattern of heart diseases in children aged 1 month to 12 years of age and to assess the pattern, age and gender specific distribution of congenital heart diseases and acquired heart diseases in various age groups like infants, toddler, preschool and school children to prevent morbidity and mortality. To study the various complications associated with various types of heart diseases.Methods: This is a descriptive study of one-year duration in which children with suspicion of heart disease were subjected to ECG, Chest X ray and Echocardiogram. Patients with confirmed heart disease were included and the infants less than 1 month, CCF due to anaemia or without any structural abnormality were excluded.Results: The prevalence of heart disease was 0.9% in author study. VSD is the commonest acyanotic lesion in all age group observed and TOF is the commonest cyanotic lesion. Most of the cyanotic lesions were observed in less than one year. Most of the acyanotic lesions fall within 5 to 12 years. RHD and rheumatic carditis forms the major acquired lesion followed by dilated cardiomyopathy. VSD, ASD, PDA, TOF, Pulmonary stenosis, Rheumatic carditis and MR were predominant in females whereas Aortic stenosis (Bicuspid aortic valve), AV canal defect, TGA, TAPVC were predominant in males. Among the nutritional status 64.2% of patients from acyanotic group and 100% patients from cyanotic group were malnourished. 35% of acyanotic and 100% of cyanotic group were stunted.Conclusions: Acyanotic lesion is the commonest, among which VSD is most common. TOF is the common cyanotic CHD. More than half of the patients were asymptomatic in acyanotic group and presented in the 5- 12 years age group and diagnosed on the basis of clinical suspicion on routine health visits or for some other reason.

The Characteristics and Distribution of Congenital Heart Disease in Outpatient Clinic and Inpatient Ward of RSUD Dr. Soedono Madiun East Java in Year 2015

Background: Congenital heart disease is a heart abnormality that presents at birth and fatal in the majority of the case. Congenital heart disease affecting up to 8-10 in every 1,000 newborn. Methods: This study was a descriptive research about the characteristics and distribution of congenital heart disease at ward and clinic of a government hospital in East Java for a year, by investigating medical record from 1 January 2015 – 31 December 2015. We classified and analyzed the patients based on the different groups of age, gender, type of congenital heart disease, the age of first diagnosed, nutritional status, co-morbidities of the disease, medical intervention, and the funding. Result: Total sample from this research was 49 subjects, consist of 53% male and 46% female. CHD was mostly diagnosed in the first year of life (75%), with acyanotic CHD as the most common type. Malnutrition was found in 51% of the subjects. Nonsurgical medical intervention was the most common management performed to treat the condition (97%). The funding with National Health Insurance (PBI or non-PBI) was used in more than half of the subjects (51%). Conclusion: As the conclusion, CHD was commonly found in the first year of life with noncyanotic type dominated the CHD patients. As the highly cost of this disease, it was surprising that only half of the subjects were covered by National Health Insurance. A good funding resource was really needed to make sure the treatment plan of the diseases was well executed.

Pattern and frequency of pediatric congenital heart disease at the Cardiac Research Institute of Kabul Medical University, Afghanistan

Background Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect, with incidence of 0.7-0.9 live birth; it increases to 2-6% if first degree relative is affected. In Afghanistan majority of births take place at home and routine screening of neonates is not common, so true birth prevalence of CHD cannot be possibly calculated. Therefore, true prevalence of CHD in our population is unknown.&#x0D; Objective To verify the current pattern and frequency distribution of congenital heart disease (CHD) at the Cardiac Research Institute of Kabul Medical University.&#x0D; Methods This retrospective study was conducted in children aged 0-14 years, who underwent echocardiography for possible congenital heart disease from January 2015 to December 2016.&#x0D; Results Of 560 patients who underwent echocardiography, 392(70%) had cardiac lesions. Congenital cardiac lesions were found in 235 (60% of those with lesions) patients, while 157 (40%) patients had rheumatic heart disease. Patients with CHD were further subdivided into acyanotic and cyanotic groups. The majority of acyanotic group had isolated atrial septal defect (55%) while the most common lesion in the cyanotic group was Tetralogy of Fallot (42%).&#x0D; Conclusion Congenital heart defects are the most common heart disease in the pediatric population presenting at the Cardiac Research Institute of Kabul Medical University. Atrial septal defect (ASD) was the most common acyanotic defect, while Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) is the most common cyanotic defect.

Characteristic and Distribution of Congenital Heart Disease in Outpatient Clinic and Pediatric Ward of dr. Soedono Hospital Madiun 2015

Characteristic and Distribution of Congenital Heart Disease in Outpatient Clinic andPediatric Ward of dr. Soedono Hospital Madiun 2015

Relación entre sobrepeso y obesidad materna con cardiopatías congénitas. Estudio retrospectivo caso-control en el área norte de Buenos Aires

BackgroundThere are discrepancies around maternal pre-conception overweight and obesity and structural congenital heart disease (CHD). The worldwide prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased in women of reproductive age and this could have an impact on the health care of newborn babies. ObjectivesTo estimate the risk for CHD associated with pre-conception maternal overweight and obesity in the study area. Material and methodsA quantitative, analytical, and observational retrospective case-control and anonymised study was conducted on newborns babies with a CHD entered in the National Registry of Congenital Malformations (RENAC). They were compared against others without any malformations, in a proportion of 1:1 between 2011 and 2014. ResultsA total of 22 mother-infants pairs were included in the RENAC. According to the pre-conception BMI, the prevalence of overweight was 4/22, obesity 6/22, and normal weight 12/22. The distribution of other factors present between cases and controls was similar, with no significant differences. The distribution of CHD was similar in those with normal weight (12/22) and overweight and obesity (10/22), with no statistically significant differences. Compared with normal-weight women, the relative risk of CHD associated with maternal overweight and obesity was 1 (95% CI; 0.55-1.81) with an odds ratio of 1 (95% CI; 0.30-3.27). Septal defects were the most frequent CHD (Q21). ConclusionsNo significant relationship was found between pre-conception maternal overweight-obesity and CHD in our newborns.

Down syndrome: Prevalence and distribution of congenital heart disease in Brazil.

Down syndrome is the most common genetic disorder, affecting 1/700 live births. Among the clinical findings, one constant concern is the high prevalence of congenital heart disease. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and profile of congenital heart disease among patients attended at a Down syndrome outpatient clinic in southern Brazil between 2005 and 2013. Cross-sectional study conducted in a referral center. Data were retrospectively gathered from the medical files of 1,207 patients with Down syndrome, among whom 604 (50.0%) had been diagnosed with congenital heart disease. These data were subjected to descriptive analysis using the Statistica software. Among the 604 patients with congenital heart disease, 338 (55.8%) were male and 269 (44.5%) were female. The most common heart diseases were atrial septal defect in 254 patients (42.1%); total atrioventricular septal defect in 91 (15.1%); atrial septal defect and ventricular septal defect in 88 (14.6%); ventricular septal defect in 77 (12.7%); patent ductus arteriosus in 40 (6.6%); patent foramen ovale in 34 (5.6%) patients; tetralogy of Fallot in 12 (2%); and other diseases in 8 (1.3%). Pulmonary hypertension was present in 57 (9.4%). Out of the total, 150 patients (24.8%) underwent cardiac surgery. The high prevalence of congenital heart disease among the patients at the Down syndrome outpatient clinic (50%) was similar to findings from other studies and justifies investigation during the neonatal period, so as to decrease mortality and morbidity.