Body Composition Distribution Research Articles

Multiparameter body composition analysis on chest CT predicts clinical outcomes in resectable non-small cell lung cancer

ObjectivesThis study investigates the association between baseline CT body composition parameters and clinical outcomes in patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsPatients who underwent surgical resection for NSCLC between January 2006 and December 2017 were retrospectively enrolled in this multicenter study. Body composition metrics, including the area of skeletal muscle, intermuscular adipose tissue, subcutaneous adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue, muscle radiodensity, and derivative parameters from five basic metrics mentioned before, were calculated based on preoperative non-contrast-enhanced chest CT images at L1 level. The Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between body composition metrics and survival outcomes including overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS).ResultsA total of 2712 patients (mean age, 61.53 years; 1146 females) were evaluated. A total of 635 patients (23.41%) died. 465 patients (19.51%) experienced recurrence and/or distant metastasis. After multivariable adjustment, skeletal muscle index (SMI, HR = 0.86), intermuscular adipose index (IMAI, HR = 1.49), and subcutaneous adipose index (SAI, HR = 0.96) were associated with OS. Similar results were found after stratification by gender, TNM stage, and center. There was no significant association between all body composition metrics and DFS (all p > 0.05). The body composition metrics significantly enhance the model including clinicopathological factors, resulting in an improved AUC for predicting 1-year and 3-year OS, with AUC values of 0.707 and 0.733, respectively.ConclusionsSMI, IMAI, and SAI body composition metrics have been identified as independent prognostic factors and may indicate mortality risk for resectable NSCLC patients.Critical relevance statementOur findings emphasize the significance of muscle mass, quality, and fat energy storage in clinical decision-making for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nutritional and exercise interventions targeting muscle quality and energy storage could be considered for patients with NSCLC.Key PointsMultiparameter body composition analysis is associated with the clinical outcome in NSCLC patients.Assessing muscle mass, quality, and adipose tissue helps predict overall survival in NSCLC.The quantity and distribution of body composition can contribute to unraveling the adiposity paradox.Graphical

Habitual water intake impacted the body composition of young male athletes in free-living conditions: a cross-sectional study.

The study aimed to explore the associations between water intake and body composition and differences of body composition in different water itake and hydration statuses among young male athletes. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 111 young male athletes in Beijing, China. Total drinking fluids (TDF) and water from food were assessed using a 7-day, 24-h fluid intake record questionnaire and the duplicate portion method, respectively. The osmolality of 24-hour urine and blood samples was tested. Body composition was measured using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer twice at 5-min intervals. Participants were divided into two groups based on the recommendations of total water intake (TWI) and TDF in China, as well as into three groups based on 24-h urine osmolality. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the relationship between water intake and body composition. Chi-square tests and Student's t-tests were used to compare differences. A total of 109 participants completed the study. TDF (r = 0.230, p = 0.016; r = 0.234, p = 0.014; r = 0.242, p = 0.011) and TWI (r = 0.275, p = 0.004; r = 0.243, p = 0.011; r = 0.243, p = 0.011) were positively correlated with total body water (TBW), intracellular water (ICW), and extracellular water (ECW). TBW/body weight (BW) was positively associated with TDF percentage of BW (TDF/BW) (r = 0.267, p = 0.005), water from food percentage of BW (r = 0.217, p = 0.024), and TWI percentage of BW (TWI/BW) (r = 0.316, p = 0.001). Participants who met the TDF recommendation of China had 1.3 kg higher skeletal muscle mass (SMM), 0.9 kg higher ICW, and 0.5% higher TBW/BW than those who did not (all p < 0.05), with fat-free mass (FFM) and TBW being higher (p = 0.051; p = 0.050). Those who met the TWI recommendation of China had 1.3 kg higher SMM, 2.4 kg higher FFM, 1.1 kg higher ICW, 0.6 kg higher ECW, and 1.7 kg higher TBW than their counterparts (all p < 0.05). Moderate associations were found between water intake and body composition. No significant differences were observed among participants in three hydration statuses (all p > 0.05). Participants who met the TWI or TDF recommendations had better body composition distribution than their counterparts. Thus, habitual water intake, not hydration status, affects body composition among athletes in free-living conditions.

Analysis of Body Composition in Middle-aged and Elderly People of Mulam Ethnic Group in Guangxi, China

Body composition mainly includes fat mass, muscle mass, body moisture, etc. These components are important parts of body mass and also important factors affecting human function and health. Abnormal body composition can cause many diseases. Objective: Explore the characteristics of body composition and the incidence of overweight and obesity in middle-aged and elderly people from the Mulam ethnic group in Guangxi, China, and provide a scientific basis for improving their health. Methods: This study included 384 Mulam minority individuals over the age of 45 years of age from the Luocheng Mulam ethnic autonomous county, Hechi, Guangxi, China. There were 165 males and 219 females. Body composition was measured using a bioelectric impedance analyzer in all of these participants. Results: The percentage of overweight and obesity in middle-aged and elderly Mulam people was relatively low; Their body composition distribution had certain rules. The non-lipid indices of men were higher than those of women. Lipid-related indexes were greater in women than in men. With increasing age, the related indexes of fat mass increased first and then decreased, while muscle mass decreased with increasing age. In women, body composition indicators slowly decreased with age. Conclusions: The decrease in muscle mass with age may lead to decreased body function. Therefore, it is suggested that middle-aged and elderly Mulam people adhere to good living habits and eating behaviors, maintain appropriate exercise, and maintain appropriate weight to promote physical health.

Body composition changes in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer after iodine-131 treatment and short-term levothyroxine replacement and suppression therapy.

The purposes of this study were to assess the changes in body composition in patients who underwent thyroidectomy due to differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) after radioactive iodine therapy (RAI) and short-term levothyroxine (LT4) supplementation and to explore the correlations between body composition distribution and corresponding blood indices. Fifty-seven thyroidectomized DTC patients were included. Serum was tested for several biochemical indices of thyroid function, lipids, and bone metabolism, and body composition parameters were measured via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry before and 4-6 weeks after RAI and LT4 supplementation. The body composition of DTC patients changed after RAI. Fat mass in all parts of the body decreased (range of relative change (RRC) -12.97--2.80%). Bone mineral content (BMC) increased throughout the body (relative change (RC) 12.12%), head (RC 36.23%), pelvis (RC 9.00%), and legs (RC 3.15%). Similarly, bone mineral density (BMD) increased in different regions (RRC 3.60-26.43%), except for the arms. Notably, lean mass in the arms (RC 4.30%) and legs (RC 3.67%) increased, while that in the head decreased (RC -2.75%), while total lean mass did not change at 4-6 weeks after LT4 supplementation. Furthermore, changes in fat distribution in the android region were related to the changes in total cholesterol (r = -0.390) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = -0.354), and changes in the BMC and BMD of the lumbar spine were positively associated with the changes in calcitonin (r = 0.302 and 0.325, respectively). After RAI and short-term LT4 supplementation in DTC patients, body composition rapidly and positively changed and was characterized by decreased fat mass and increased BMC and BMD.

Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Its Relationship to Metabolic Markers and Body Composition in Portuguese University Students.

Transitioning to university involves several changes, which might affect dietary habits. The present study aimed to assess the potential relationships involving adherence to the MedDiet, body composition, and metabolic markers within a Portuguese university sample. A cross-sectional study involved 70 participants, 52 women, and 18 men (23.00 ± 7.00 years old and a BMI of 21.99 ± 2.79 kg/m2). The average MedDiet adherence of participants was 9.23 points, as evaluated by the 14 point validated questionnaire, with classifications of low and high (under or over 9 points, respectively). Body composition was assessed using X-ray dual densitometry (DXA), and metabolic markers were collected from capillary blood. Statistically significant differences in HDL cholesterol and the total/HDL cholesterol ratio were found between groups. Lower levels (p < 0.05) of visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), BMI, and waist circumference were found in the higher MedDiet adherence group. Those measures were negatively correlated (p < 0.05) with the adherence scores to the MedDiet. Higher adherence to MedDiet seemed to have a favorable and important impact on lipid profiles, primarily HDL-c. A positive relationship between MedDiet adherence and body composition distribution was also described, mostly due to the influence of higher adherence to MedDiet at lower levels of VAT and SAT in Portuguese university students.

Association of Body Composition with Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Chart Review Study.

This study analyzed the body composition of individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). In this retrospective chart review study, body composition was measured through multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (InBody 770). Body composition assessments were conducted in individuals with T2DM, who were aged ≥18 years. The parameters included body mass index (BMI), body fat mass (BFM), fat-free mass (FFM), visceral fat area, percent body fat (PBF), appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM), and skeletal muscle index (SMI). One-way ANOVA and independent t-tests were used to calculate differences in body composition distribution by age and sex. A total of 2404 participants were recruited. The prevalence of overall low muscle mass and sarcopenic obesity was 28.0% and 18.7%, respectively, which increased with age. The overall prevalence of obesity when PBF was used was 71.5%, which was higher than that when BMI was applied (32.4%). The normal BMI group exhibited a prevalence of low muscle mass of 55.6% and sarcopenic obesity of 34.8%. For both men and women, bodyweight, BFM, FFM, ASM, and SMI all decreased with age. The prevalence of low muscle mass and sarcopenic obesity was high in older adults and people with normal BMI. Using BMI to assess obesity and determine insufficient muscle mass underestimates the prevalence of obesity and neglects the problems of sarcopenia and high body fat in people with normal BMI.

Assessment of Body Composition in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: Institutional-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common progressive neurologic disease all over the world. MS is an immune-mediated disease and there is contradictory data regarding cardiovascular morbidity and mortality risk factors in MS patients. Objective: To assess the body composition in MS patients, and to explore the associations of anthropometric indices and metabolic risk factors with the phenotypic features of MS. Patients and Methods: a cross-sectional study included 150 patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for MS according to the revised McDonald’s criteria 2010, and 145 age and sex-matched healthy controls. Fat mass index (FMI) and free fat mass index (FFMI) were assessed by dual-energy X-Ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Results: This study was conducted on MS patients with phenotypes; RRMS (82%) and SPMS (18%). our results revealed that the distribution of body composition among MS patients was 30 %, overweight was 48% and lean was 22%. Also, MS patients had significantly higher values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as dyslipidemia, obesity indices, and hs-CRP compared to the control group, P-value < 0.001. Interestingly, there were significantly higher values of the expanded disability status scale (EDSS), dyslipidemia, obesity indices, and hypertension in the obese group compared to other groups. Conclusions: MS patients had higher values of dyslipidemia and obesity indices than control groups. Among MS, the prevalence of overweight patients was higher than lean and obese MS patients.

Effects Of Different Types Of Exercise Programs And/or Nutritional Guidance On Body Fat And Muscle Mass Distribution In Overweight Adults: A Secondary Analysis Of A Randomized Controlled Trial

PURPOSE: Both exercise training and diet are recommended to prevent muscle mass loss and excessive fat accumulation. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), resistance training (RT), combination training (CT =HIIT+RT) or a nutritional guidance (NG) plan induced differential responses on body composition components, and to compare the responses between the four intervention groups. METHODS: Subjects were 57 sedentary subjects with abdominal obesity or excess weight for body mass index > 26 wt./ht.2 (mean age, 40.7±7.0 years) were allocated to a 12-week individualized programme intervention (HIIT, RT or CT) or NG (changing the quality of the diet with changing the total energy intake to encourage weight loss). The main outcomes were the change in total fat/muscle mass, percentage of body fat, percentage of body lean, trunk fat/muscle mass, leg fat/muscle mass, and fat/muscle android gynecoid distribution were measured by segmental dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: Two-way ANOVA revealed a significant group effect from HIIT and CT groups on trunk fat mass (%) [F (5.3), p=0.024, η2p=0.058], legs fat mass [F(4.4), p=0.037, η2p=0.050], android fat mass (%) [F(5.8), p=0.023, η2p=0.123] and total fat mass (%) [F(5.2), p=0.025, η2p=0.057]. Additionally, significant effect was observed for the group × time interaction between RT and CT group for the muscle mass (g) in arms [F(4.3), p=0.006, η2p=0.130] and group × time interaction between RT and NG group in total muscle mass (g) [F(2.9), p=0.038, η2p=0.093]. CONCLUSIONS: Physical exercise has beneficial effects on body composition distribution in sedentary adults with excess weight. Further clinical trials are needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms related for physical exercise training and modification in body composition.

Quantifying skeletal muscle wasting during chemoradiotherapy with Jacobian calculations for the prediction of survival and toxicity in patients with gastric cancer

This study aims to investigate changes in body composition during adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) quantitatively and visually in patients with gastric cancer and evaluate the correlation of the changes with survival and toxicity. A total of 182 gastric cancer patients who underwent surgery and adjuvant CRT were included. CT images at the level of the third lumbar vertebra (L3) were analyzed to assess the areas of muscles. We further proposed a framework to quantify muscle changes using Jacobian calculations. Jacobian value (Jac) was calculated for each voxel of muscle by measuring the ratio of muscle changes, where Jac <1 indicated shrinkage and Jac >1 indicated expansion. Variances between the pre- and post-CRT body composition were quantitatively computed, and their impact on toxicity and long-term outcomes were studied. The skeletal muscle index decreased from 44.4±7.4cm2/m2 to 43.6±7.0cm2/m2 after CRT. Skeletal muscle wasting and Jac 0.35≥5% were negatively associated with overall survival (p=0.036 and p=0.008, respectively). A new prediction model combining clinical variables and Jacobian features was constructed, and yielded a c statistic of 0.78 (95% CI 0.68-0.87). Jac 0.75 to Jac 1.15 (-25%<muscle changes<15%) were illustrated to be predictive for toxicity of concurrent chemotherapy, with the most significant predictor being Jac 1 (p=0.003). The Jacobian calculations are novel tools for quantifying morphometric changes and the distribution of body composition. The new predictive model combining clinical variables and Jacobian features achieved high accuracy for predicting overall survival.

The Relationship of the Pelvic Cavity Shape, its Morphometric Characteristics and Body Composition of Women in Normal Conditions and in Case of Pelvic Organs Prolapse

The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between the shapes of the pelvic cavity, its morphometric characteristics and the distribution of body composition in women in normal conditions and in case of pelvic organs prolapse. Material and methods . The structural features of the female small pelvis were studied on 92 anatomical preparations, and an experimental determination of the value of intra-abdominal pressure on the perineal area was carried out. In the clinical part of the work, 120 women with and without pelvic organ prolapse (n=60) were examined using multislice spiral computed tomography, anthropometry and bioimpedancemetry. Static processing of the obtained data was carried out using the programs “Statistica 10 for Windows”, “Microsoft Excel”. Results. Original indices of the pelvis are proposed, according to which the cylindrical and pelvic cavity forms, which are not previously described, narrowing downwards and cylindrical and downwardly extending. It has been found that the downwardly expanding and cylindrical forms of the pelvic cavity are most often found in women suffering from pelvic organ prolapse. It has been established that the areas of the urogenital and anal areas of the perineum are statistically less with a pelvic shape narrowing downwards than with an expanding one. The value of the sagittal angle of the perineum, as well as the inclination angle of the pelvis in the distribution of intra-abdominal pressure on the tissue of the perineum is shown. At the same time, the inclination angle of the pelvis with prolapse of the pelvic organs is significantly less than that of practically healthy individuals who do not suffer from the disease being studied. A clear correlation between the gynecomorphic body type, the downwardly extending pelvic shape and the development of prolapse is traced. It is shown that the total fat content and visceral fat levels are significantly higher in women suffering from pelvic organ prolapse than in the control group. It is noted that with prolapse of the pelvic organs, the total content of water and fat is about the same, while in practically healthy women the water component significantly predominates over fat. Conclusion. The anatomical prerequisites for pelvic organ prolapse in women are: the downwardly extending shape of the pelvic cavity, an increase in the sagittal angle of the perineum, a decrease in the inclination angle of the pelvis, a gynecomorphic body type and changes in body composition (increase in body mass index, total fat, visceral fat, decrease in total muscle mass).

Prospective study on effect of body composition increase on bone age development in children aged 3 to 10 years

Objective To verify the influence of body composition content and different distribution on bone age development, and establish a healthy lifestyle that benefits bone age development. Methods The prospective cohort study was conducted in the children aged 3 to 10 years at the outpatient and the body component analysis and bone age evaluation were tested during January 1st, 2014 to August 31th, 2015 at the Department of Child Health Care, Wuhan Children′s Hospital(Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, and they were followed up for 1 year.During the follow-up of body weight, height, body composition and bone age, the effect of different body composition distribution and the increase rate on bone age development was investigated. Results Total 341 children were selected, of whom 166 cases were male, 175 cases were female, and their mean age were 3.3-10.8 years.The annual growth rate of bone age ranged from 0.62 to 1.37 years in different age groups.Adipose tissue was the fastest growing composition(2.60 kg/year), followed by lean body tissue(2.47 kg/year), while the slowest growing composition was bone mineral(0.14 kg/year). The prospective factors for fast bone age growth were the content of lean body tissue(β=14.13), skeletal muscle(β=12.79), bone minerals(β=6.26), salts(β=5.91) and lean body tissue of four limbs(1.74≤β≤20.79), longer circumferences of chest(β=2.02), abdomen(β=1.37), and left arms(β=1.36), more fat thickness of abdomen(β=13.10), right and left arms(β=9.47, 6.07)(all P<0.01). On the other hand, the obstructive factors of fast bone age growth were higher content of total body water(β=-5.99), extracellular fluid(β=-1.60), trunk lean body tissue(β=-7.67), and longer circum-ferences of right and left thighs(β=-1.81, -1.77), and high fat thickness of left thighs(β=-7.99)(all P<0.05). Conclusions A healthier lifestyle can defer bone development effectively, such as long-term aerobic exercise, less weight-bearing movement of the limbs (especially in upper limbs), and more water intake, which may result in a taller ultimate height. Key words: Child; Body component increasing velocity; Bone age development; Prospective study

Effects of Diet Intervention on Body Composition in the Elderly with Chronic Kidney Disease.

Objective: It has been uncertain that low protein diet for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) may predispose to malnutrition. The study aimed to investigate the effects of low protein diet on body composition of CKD patients and analyze the influence of age.Methods: Patients with glomerular filtration rate less than 45 mL/min/1.73m2 including 103 elderly (70.7 ± 6.9 years old) and 56 non-elderly (49.8 ± 9.1 years old) CKD patients were enrolled. All patients were educated by dietitians to take low protein diet and were followed up regularly every three months. Their demographic data, underlying disease and body mass index (BMI) were reviewed and recorded. Results of body composition measurement and laboratory tests were collected every three months for one year.Results: At baseline, the distribution of body composition was similar in non-elderly patients between non-low and low protein groups. In the elderly, patients in low protein group had higher fat and lower muscle percentage. In one-year follow-up, non-elderly patients did not present significant changes in their BMI, serum albumin level and body compositions in both protein groups. Non-low protein group in elderly patients had significant decrease in BMI and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) after 12 months (both p< 0.05). Determination in body composition showed decrease in fat and increase in muscle component. In low protein group, their BMI was decreased and eGFR was not influenced. Fat component was decreased and muscle percentage was increased in one-year follow-up.Conclusions: In elderly CKD patients, low protein diet maintained good nutritional status and muscle mass was preserved.

MON-P133: Analysis of the Body Composition Distribution by Confidence Ellipse of RXC Graph for Japanese Diabetes Mellitus Patients

MON-P133: Analysis of the Body Composition Distribution by Confidence Ellipse of RXC Graph for Japanese Diabetes Mellitus Patients

The nutrition transition in low-income countries: an emerging crisis.

Scientists have long recognized the importance of the demographics and epidemiologic transitions in higher income countries. Only recently has it become understood that similar sets of broadly based changes are occurring in lower income countries. What has not been recognized is that concurrent changes in nutrition are also occurring, with equally important implications for resource allocation in many low-income countries. Several major changes seem to be emerging, leading to a marked shift in the structure of diet and the distribution of body composition in many regions of the world: a rapid reduction in fertility and aging of the population, rapid urbanization, the epidemiologic transition, and economic changes affecting populations in different and uneven ways. These changes vary significantly over time. In general, we find that problems of under- and overnutrition often coexist, reflecting the trend in which an increasing proportion of people consume the types of diets associated with a number of chronic diseases. This is occurring more rapidly than previously seen in higher income countries, or even in Japan and Korea. Examples from Thailand, China, and Brazil provide evidence of the changes and trends in dietary intake, physical activity, and body composition patterns.

Effect of age on body composition in healthy Beijing women

To observe the effect of age and menstrual status on body composition in healthy Beijing women. We measured body composition with dual-energy X-ray (GE Lunar Prodigy) in 316 healthy Beijing females aged 20 to 74 years (5-7 cases per age). Parameters provided by the software were as following: total body bone mineral content, lean mass, fat mass and fat percentage (%fat). Local regions measured included arm, leg, trunk, android region and gynoid region. Body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI), free fat mass index (FFMI) and A/G were calculated. Volunteers were assigned to 6 groups according age by every ten years a group. BMC peaked during the 4th decade, LM peaked during the 5th decade, with a decline of 18.1% and 5.2% respectively at age 74 years. Total body fat mass and %fat showed a general increase with aging throughout the studied age range. Total body fat mass increased from 16+/-5 kg at age 20-29 years to 24+/-6 kg at age 70-74 years, while %fat increased from 31.3% to 39.5%. All local region %fat increased with aging at different extents. Android region %fat showed the largest raise extent (32.2%). BMI increased gradually from 21.1 kg/m2 at age 20-29 years to 26.1 kg/m2 at age 70-74 years. FMI changed more obviously than FFMI. A/G increased from 0.85 at age 20-29 years to 1.02 at age 70-74 years. Different menstrual status in women of 40-59 years had obvious effect on A/G and BMC (P<0.05), while it had no significant effect on BMI, body weight and waist circumference (P>0.05). Aging and menstrual status have evident effect on body composition distribution in healthy Beijing women.

Rapid Economic Change, the Nutrition Transition and Its Effects on the Structure of Consumption: The Nutrition Transition in China

SUMMARY Economic, demographic, and technological changes have led to a marked shift in the diet structure and the distribution of body composition in many regions of the world. Such changes include rapid reduction in fertility and aging of the population, urbanization, epidemiological transition, and the uneven distribution of the effect of economic reform. Research presented for China shows that it is undergoing a marked shift in its diet, activity, and nutritional status patterns. This paper presents data on the shifts in the structure of food decision-making and the associated body composition shifts.