Distribution Of ABO Blood Groups Research Articles

Association of β-Thalassemia and its Types with ABO and Rh Blood Groups in Lahore, Pakistan

The current study aims to determine the relationship of ß-thalassemia and its types (major, minor, intermedia) with ABO and Rh blood groups in Lahore, Pakistan. It is an observational study in which ABO and Rh blood grouping of 711 β-thalassemia patients was performed (with their consent). Blood grouping was performed through forward and reverse grouping using tube method. The observed ABO blood group pattern in both genders was O>B>A>AB. It was found that the overall frequency of O and A blood groups was higher in female patients, while the frequency of B and AB blood groups was higher in male patients, although the difference was non-significant. However, a significant difference was observed in the relationship between gender and Rh factor. Most patients of β-thalassemia suffered from the type β-thalassemia major (48%), followed by patients suffering from β-thalassemia minor (44%) and β-thalassemia intermedia (8%). Overall, patients with AB blood group mostly suffered from β-thalassemia major, while patients with β-thalassemia minor and β-thalassemia intermedia had the highest frequency of blood group B. It was concluded that ß-thalassemia patients have a higher frequency of O+ blood group and the lowest frequency of AB- blood group. Moreover, a significant difference was seen between male and female patients with respect to Rh blood group. However, no significant difference (p > 0.05) was found in the distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups corresponding to β-thalassemia types.

Frequency of ABH secretor status: a cross-sectional study in Lagos, Southwestern Nigeria

Abstract The mucosa contains soluble antigens of the ABO blood group system. Secretor status as a trait has been linked to a variety of clinical diseases and is determined by the individual’s fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2) allele. The distribution of secretor status in relation to ABO blood group phenotypes varies from region to region, with medicolegal significance. There is a dearth of information on the secretor status of the studied population. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the secretor status of the ABH in a Nigerian population. To achieve this, fresh saliva samples (~5 ml) were collected from 325 (181 males and 144 females) apparently healthy individuals in the urban city of Lagos. Secretor status was determined by haemagglutination inhibition test with the saliva samples of participants. Results showed that 85% of the participants were secretors and 15% were non-secretors with no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) between male and female gender. The frequencies of the Secretor, Se and Non-secretor, se genes were 0.543 and 0.457, respectively while the frequencies of the SeSe, Sese, and sese genotypes were 0.294, 0.496, and 0.209, respectively. The participants’ ABO blood group distributions were 65.5% group O, 16.6% group A, 15.1% group B, and 2.8% group AB. The incidence of secretors across blood group was 89% in group O, 85% in A, 79% in B and 67% in AB. However, there were no statistically significant variations in secretor status and ABO blood group (p>0.05). In conclusion, the study shows that there are more secretors than non-secretors, and the ability to secrete the ABH antigens are independent of ABO blood of individuals.

Association and Distributions of Hypertension and ABO Blood Groups in Different Castes of Biraul Block

Hypertension is one of the major health problem in the world. The objectives of this study were to know the distribution of blood groups among the subjects and to assess the association between ABO blood groups and Hypertension. This study was carried on two groups of Subjects by personal survey. Samples were randomly selected from different communities of Biraul Block. The control group consists of normal 294 healthy subjects while the patient group consists of 206 patients. It was founded that blood group O is more predominant among hypertensive patients. There was no statistically significant association between ABO blood group and Hypertension.

Study of the Relationship betweenABO Blood Group Typesand Breast Cancer and Cervix Cancerin Khuzestan Province, Iran.

Background:Breast cancer and cervix cancer are the prevalent and deadly types of solid tumors around the world. According to the importance of cancer, it is necessary to understand predisposing factors that affect cancer risk. In this regard, previous studies suggest that blood types particularly ABO and Rh-Hr Blood-Group System could play roles in the risk and different features of cancers. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the potential of ABO and Rh blood groups as risk factors for breast cancer and cervix cancer. Materials and Methods:A retrospective study included 109 and 14 patients diagnosed with breast cancer and cervix cancer, respectively with known ABO and Rh blood types, between 2018 and 2020 in Khuzestan province, Iran. For compression of ABO blood groups distribution between the cancer patients group and the healthy population, we used data from a large-scale study that report the distribution of ABO blood groups in 29,922 blood donors in Khuzestan province. Results:Based on obtained results the most frequent blood group is O followed by B, A, and AB in breast cancer and followed by A, B, and AB in cervix cancer. Results showed no significant association between ABO and Rh and the risk of breast and cervix cancer. Moreover, there is no relationship between blood types and clinic pathological features of breast cancer. Conclusion: Based on our data, ABO and in this regard, previous studies suggest that blood types particularly ABO and Rh-Hr Blood-Group System could play roles in the risk and different features of cancers. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the potential of ABO and Rh blood groups as risk factors for breast cancer and cervix cancer do have not any association with the risk of breast and cervix cancer and their characteristics.

Phenotype, allele and genotype frequency distribution of ABO and Rh(D) blood group among blood donors attending regional blood transfusion centre in Delhi, India.

The ABO and Rh blood group phenotypes, alleles, and genotype frequencies have many biological and medical implications. The frequency differs broadly according to races, geographical borders and ethnicity, even within the same region. This study was designed to determine the frequency of ABO and Rh blood groups among blood donors attending the regional blood transfusion centre in Delhi. The gel card method was used to determine the ABO and Rh(D) blood groups of donors who donated blood between January 1, 2020, and June 30, 2022. The assumption of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was used to determine allele and genotype frequencies of blood donors. A total of 16,925 blood units were donated during the study period. Donors phenotype frequencies of ABO were as follows: 'A' (23.88%), 'B' (37.38%), 'AB' (9.97%) and 'O '(29.27%). Rh(D)+Ve (D) were (94.9%) and Rh(D)-Ve (d) were (5.01%), which follow an order of B > O > A > AB and Rh-D > d for Rh. Donors ABO and Rh (D) allele frequencies were IA-0.183, IB-0.277, IO-0.541 and ID-0.776, Id-0.224 respectively. Allele frequencies follow an order of IO > IB > IA and Rh- ID > Id. Donors ABO genotype frequencies were AA-0.0333, AO-0.198, BB-0.0768, BO-0.30, AB-0.101, OO-0.293 and Rh(D) genotype frequencies were DD-0.602, Dd-0.347, dd-0.0501. Genotype frequencies follow an order of BO > OO > AO > AB > BB > AA and DD > Dd > dd. Among our donors, which were mostly from northern India, the ABO and Rh(D) blood groups have the highest proportion of ABO-B and Rh(D)+Ve and the lowest proportion of ABO-AB and Rh(D)-Ve, with a stable order of B > O > A > AB and D > d for phenotype, IO > IB > IA and ID > Id for allele and BO > OO > AO > AB > BB > AA and DD > Dd > dd for genotype.

Distribution of ABO blood groups and Rh factor in benign and malign thyroid nodules

Aim: Many factors affect the diagnostic value of the fine-needle aspiration biopsy applied for these thyroid nodules. I aimed to investigate whether one of these factors would be ABO blood groups and Rh factor and examine the relationship of these factors with the Bethesda categorization. Additionally, I aimed to evaluate ABO blood groups and Rh factors in patients with thyroid cancer.
 Material and Method: This study was planned in a cross-sectional retrospective design. The data of the patients were obtained from the hospital data bank. In the analysis of 801 patients following the acceptance criteria, 412 patient data were obtained. Patients were divided into 4 (O, A, B, and AB groups) according to their blood groups and analyzed for nodules (solitary/ multinodular). Nodules were divided into malignant and benign, according to histopathological diagnosis, and all were analyzed. 
 Results: There was no difference in analyzing the demographic data according to the blood groups. The rates of the FNAB history were 51 (32.3%), 39 (24.2%), 14 (26.4%), and 13 (32.5%) in the same order of blood groups (p=0.393). In the analysis of the nodule type, multinodular did not differ from solitary nodules among the blood groups [O: 141 (89.2%); A:140(87%), B: 46(86.8%), and AB: 35(87.5%)]. Thyroid function status (euthyroid, hypothyroid, or hyperthyroid) was similar for all the blood groups (p=0.815). The O-group had 1 (0.6%) patient with Bethesda score-6, and the A-group had 2 (1.2%) patients with Bethesda score-6. For Bethesda score-5, per blood group had 2 patients. The histopathological distribution of malign nodules (p=0.782) is as follows: O-groups: 6 (33.3%) (Rh+:27%; Rh-:5,5%), A groups: 7(63,6%) (Rh+:54,5%; Rh-:0,9%), B groups: 2(20%)(Rh+:20%; Rh-:0%) and AB groups: 1(33%) (Rh+:33%) Rh-:0%).
 Conclusion: Malign nodule rate was highest in the A-group and lowest in the B groups, although it did not differ in the overall analysis. No relationship was found between the Bethesda categorization of nodules, their sizes, type of nodules, type of thyroid cancer, and ABO blood groups.

The Distribution and Phenotypes of Blood Groups in Hematologic Malignancies.

Blood groups are associated with duodenal ulcer, diabetes mellitus, and urinary tract infection. In some studies, a relationship was detected between hematologic and solid organ malignancies and blood groups. In this study, we investigated the frequency and phenotypes of blood groups (ABO, Kell, Duffy, Rh) in patients with hematologic malignancies. One hundred sixty-one patients with hematologic malignancy (multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and chronic myelocytic leukemia) and 41 healthy people were evaluated prospectively. We determined phenotypes and distribution of ABO, Rh, Kell, and Duffy blood groups in all cases. Chi-square test and 1-way variance analysis were used for statistical analysis. P < .05 value was considered statistically significant. In patients with multiple myeloma, the A blood group was statistically significantly more frequent than in the control group (P = .021). Rh negativity was found more frequent in patients with hematologic malignancy than the control group (P = .009). Kpa and Kpb antigen positivity were found statistically significantly less frequent in patients with hematologic malignancy (P = .013, P = .007; respectively). Fy (a-b-) and K-k+ phenotypes were higher in patients with hematologic cancer than in the control group (P = .045). We determined a significant relationship between hematologic malignancies and blood group systems. In our study, due to the low number of cases and few hematological malignancy types, extensive studies with more cases and more hematologic cancer types are needed.

The association of ABO blood group distribution and clinical characteristics in patients with SARS-CoV-2

SARS-COV-2, the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, has become a life-threatening public health crisis. This kind of pandemic is frightening the world with clinical, psychological, and emotional distress and leading to an economic slowdown. To explore any association between the ABO blood type and the susceptibility to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we compared ABO blood group distribution among 671 COVID-19 patients with the local control population. The study was conducted in Blood Bank Hospital in Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. The ABO-typed blood samples were obtained from 671 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 between February and June 2021. Our results demonstrated that the risk of SARS-COV-2 was higher for patients with blood group A than those with not-A blood type patients. Of the 671 patients with COVID-19, 301 had type A (44.86%), 232 had type B (34.58%), 53 had type AB blood (7.9%), and 85 had type O (12.67%). We concluded that the Rh-negative blood type has a protective effect on SARS-COV-2. Our results also indicate that the decreased susceptibility of individuals with blood group O and the increased susceptibility of individuals with blood group A to COVID-19 could be linked to the presence of natural anti-blood group antibodies, particularly anti-A antibody, in the blood. However, there might be other mechanisms that require further study.

Homozygous-Recessive Characteristics as a Biomarker of Predisposition for COVID-19.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a new form of severe acute respiratory syndrome, has caused a global pandemic. The aim of this study was to analyze homozygous-recessive characteristics (HRC) in the group of COVID-19 patients, considering their gender, forms of the disease (mild and severe symptoms), risk factors: hypertension, diabetes mellitus type 2, hyperlipidemia, smoking habits, and the distribution of ABO blood group. Using the HRC test, we analyzed 20 HRCs in a sample of 321 individuals: 205 patients and 116 controls. The average HRC in patients was significantly higher than controls, as well as in patients with severe symptoms compared to patients with mild symptoms. The patients with higher HRC (cut-off ≤5.5) experienced a significantly increased risk of disease of 2.3 times (OR = 2.315, p < .0005). Our results indicate that the HRC test could be used as a screening in recognizing predisposition for COVID-19.

Pattern of ABO and Rhesus Blood Group Distribution among Second Year Medical Students of Arsi University, Southeast Ethiopia

Background: The genetics, inheritance patterns, and disease susceptibility of blood group antigens, which are hereditary in nature, are crucial for transfusion safety. The purpose of the present study was to determine the frequency and distribution of both ABO and Rhesus blood types among second year medical students of Arsi University. Methods: All second-year medical students at Arsi University participated in a cross-sectional study that was institutionally based. A structured questionnaire and a data collection sheet were used to obtain the socio-demographic data and blood group types of study participants. The blood samples were obtained by standard procedures and subjected to determination of ABO and Rhesus blood group using antisera by combined slide and test tube method. Each sample was tested for ABO and Rhesus status. The collected data were double entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and exported into SPSS version-22 for analysis. Descriptive statistics was used to calculate percentage frequencies of blood phenotype. The genotypic and allelic frequencies of the blood groups were calculated from the observed phenotypes under the assumption of Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Result: In the present study, one questionnaire was rejected for incompleteness, resulting in a response rate of 98.89%. The respondents had a mean age of 21.38 years (SD ± 0.898) and were mainly female (58.4%). The distribution of ABO blood group was; blood group O (39.3%); blood group A (31.5%); blood group B (24.7%) and blood group AB (4.5%). The proportions of Rhesus (D) positive and Rhesus (D) negative were 84.3% and 15.7%, respectively. Conclusion: The current study revealed that blood group O is the most frequent blood group among the ABO blood group system with dominant Rh positivity. This study along with other similar studies in other regions of the country will be useful for health planners to face medical emergencies.

Sex and ABO Blood Differences in SARS-CoV-2 Infection Susceptibility.

Data consisting of millions of cases cannot still explain the immunopathogenesis mechanism between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and host cell for ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemics. Epidemiological studies among different populations suggested different impacts of ABO and Rh antibodies on the COVID-19 susceptibility. Thus, the ABO blood group and the SARS-CoV-2 infection paradox remain unclear. Therefore, the present retrospective case-control study aimed to investigate the possible association between ABO blood groups and Rh blood types on SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Turkish Cypriot population. A total of 18,639 Turkish Cypriot subjects (297 SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 patients and 18,342 healthy) were included in this study. Personal and clinical characteristics including age, gender, SARS-CoV-2 infection status, the ABO blood group and Rh blood types were evaluated and compared between two groups. As a result, ABO blood group was shown to be associated with a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as with male sex ( p = 0.018). There was no association between Rh blood type and COVID-19. Overall, this study is the first largest sample group study to show the distribution of ABO blood group and Rh blood types in the healthy Turkish Cypriot population. Based on the current evidence, there are insufficient data to guide public health policies regarding COVID-19 pathogenesis.

COVID-19 host genetics and ABO blood group susceptibility.

Twenty-five susceptibility loci for SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or COVID-19 disease severity have been identified in the human genome by genome-wide association studies, and the most frequently replicated genetic findings for susceptibility are genetic variants at the ABO gene locus on chromosome 9q34.2, which is supported by the association between ABO blood group distribution and COVID-19. The ABO blood group effect appears to influence a variety of disease conditions and pathophysiological mechanisms associated with COVID-19. Transmission models for SARS-CoV-2 combined with observational public health and genome-wide data from patients and controls, as well as receptor binding experiments in cell lines and human samples, indicate that there may be a reduction or slowing of infection events by up to 60% in certain ABO blood group constellations of index and contact person in the early phase of a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. The strength of the ABO blood group effect on reducing infection rates further depends on the distribution of the ABO blood groups in the respective population and the proportion of blood group O in that population. To understand in detail the effect of ABO blood groups on COVID-19, further studies are needed in relation to different demographic characteristics, but also in relation to recent data on reinfection with new viral variants and in the context of the human microbiome.

Distribution of ABO and RH Blood Groups in Western Region of Nepal

INTRODUCTION Determination of ABO and Rh blood group types are clinically important for various purposes including blood transfusion. There is a wide regional, racial, and ethnic variability among these blood groups. We aim to determine the ABO and Rh blood group patterns in patients attending a tertiary care center of Western Nepal. MATERIAL AND METHODS This hospital-based cross-sectional study involved 600 patients visiting Universal College of Medical Sciences (UCMS), Bhairahawa undergoing blood group determination. The study was conducted for six months from 1st January to 30th June 2017. Ethical clearance for the study was taken prior to the study. Written and verbal consent were taken from each participant before the study. Blood group was determined using open slide test method and reverse grouping was performed via tube method. Finally, Rh-DU test was performed in Rh-negative samples to test for weak D antigen. RESULTS Among the ABO blood group, most common blood group was O (34.2%) followed by B (29.2%) and A (25.3%). Sub-group analysis showed only one A2 sub-group, the remaining being A1. Majority of the patients were Rh positive (95.8%). All the Rh negative patients tested negative for Du as well. The overall distribution pattern of combined ABO-Rh blood group was O+ &gt; B+ &gt; A+ &gt; AB+ &gt; O-&gt; A- =B- &gt; AB-. CONCLUSION In the current study, O positive was the most common blood group in Western Nepal followed by B positive, and A positive respectively. AB-negative was the rarest blood group. The study can provide insight for future hematological studies.

Distribution of ABO and Rhesus Blood Groups among the Blood Donors in a Teaching Hospital of Hilly Region, Nepal: A Cross-sectional Study

INTRODUCTION: The ABO and Rhesus-D blood group systems are important and widely used in humans for transfusion of blood and blood components for various medical conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of ABO and Rhesus D blood groups among blood donors at Karnali Academy of Health Sciences, Teaching Hospital, Jumla, Nepal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From July 2019 to January 2022, a retrospective cross-sectional study among 800 blood donors was conducted using medical records from blood donors who donated blood in a Teaching Hospital of Jumla, Nepal. Microsoft Excel was used to analyze thedata, and the results were presented as frequency and percentage. RESULTS: The most common blood group was ‘A’ (30.6%) and the least common was ‘AB’ (14.5%) with a majority of male blood donors (84.6%). Only 2.2% of blood donors was Rhesus-negative, while 97.7% were Rhesus-positive. Considering ABO and Rhesus blood groups altogether, blood group ‘A’ Rhesuspositive (30.1%) was the most common and blood group ‘AB’ Rhesus-negative (0.1%) was the least common. CONCLUSIONS: Blood group ‘A’ was the most common, followed by blood groups ‘B’, ‘O’, and ‘AB’. The majority of the blood donors were Rhesus-positive, with blood group ‘AB’ Rhesus-negative being the most uncommon. This information would be helpful to the hospital’s blood bank in this rural hilly region, particularly in the hospital’s planning for blood transfusion services.

ABO Blood Groups in Systemic Sclerosis: Distribution and Association with This Disease’s Characteristics

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease associated with endothelial activation and fibrosis. Non-O blood group patients carry an increased risk of thrombosis, fibrosis and autoimmune diseases. The aim of our work was to evaluate the distribution of ABO groups in SSc patients and their association with the disease's characteristics. ABO groups were determined in 504 SSc patients (with 131 completed by a genotypic analysis). The distribution of ABO groups and their diplotypes in SSc patients was comparable to that of the general population, except for haplotypes O1 and B (65.6% vs. 61.6% and 8.8% vs. 5.8% in SSc patients vs. the general population, respectively, p = 0.01). The frequency of interstitial lung disease, pulmonary hypertension, calcinosis, digital ulcers, digestive diseases and venous thrombosis, and the Medsger score, were higher in non-O than in O-SSc patients, although they did not display statistical significance. Patients in the non-O group had higher levels of inflammation and endothelial activation biomarkers. In conclusion, the ABO blood group distribution of SSc patients did not differ significantly from that of the general population, but non-O blood groups were associated with inflammation and endothelial activation, and with a non-significant higher frequency of pulmonary and vascular complications in SSc.

No Relationship Between Blood Groups and Psoriatic arthritis

Background: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is an inflammatory musculoskeletal disease. The exact causes of PsA have not been identified. ABO and Rh blood groups continue to be an area of interest for various diseases. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether there is any difference in the distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups in PsA.&#x0D; Methods: 233 PsA patients (PsA group) consecutively referred to the adult rheumatology outpatient clinics of a tertiary care hospital of central Anatolia between January 2019 and June 2020 were enrolled. The blood groups of the PsA group were compared with the blood groups of 6280 individuals who tested before elective operations at the same hospital between 1 January 2019 and 31 June 2020 (Control Group). Fourteen of the control group were excluded due to the presence of psoriasis/PsA in their medical records. In addition, the blood groups of 38,416 people who voluntarily donated blood to the Turkish Red Crescent XXXX Blood Center between January 1, 2019 and July 1, 2020 (donor group) were compared with the blood groups of the control group.&#x0D; Results: There was no significant difference between the PsA patients and the control group in any blood group, both in women, men and also cumulatively. &#x0D; Conclusion: The result of the study shows there is no significant difference in the blood groups between patients with PsA and the control group.

Is there an Association between the ABO Blood type and Bleeding or Clotting Times?

Introduction: Evaluating blood type, bleeding time (BT), and clotting time (CT) are essential before surgery. Blood type reveals personality. Multiple studies link ABO blood types to digestive (GI) disorders, urinary tract infections (UTIs), cardiovascular diseases (CVD), diabetes, thrombosis, and epistaxis. BT and CT differ among blood types. This study investigated the relationship between blood types and BT and CT. Aims and Objectives: To investigate the connection between BT and CT and Blood Groups in medical students and identify gender differences in these parameters.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional research was carried out between September 2021 and May 2022 on 250 healthy first-phase MBBS students (17–20 years old) of both sexes (batch 2020–2021 &amp; 2021-22) at GMC Jammu’s haematology laboratory. The blood group was determined using a standard antiserum Agglutination test—CT using Wright’s Capillary tube technique and BT using Duke’s filter paper technique. Based on the methodology above, we classify regular BT and CT as 2 to 6 minutes and 3 to 8 minutes, respectively. BT and CT levels were examined for each blood type. The blood group distribution was reported as a percentage, the relationship between BT or CT and blood groups was analysed using Chi-square analysis, and the gender differences between these parameters were analysed using an unpaired t-test in SPSS 26.0. Results: In our investigation, the distribution of ABO blood groups was determined to be: 39.6% B &gt; 34% O &gt; 21.2% A &gt; 5.2% AB. Chi-square analysis revealed a non-significant ABO blood group correlation with BT (p=0.938) and CT (p=0.652). Comparing blood types with BT and CT, the AB and B blood groups had higher mean BT and CT values among the study participants. The blood type influenced BT/CT. Screening and prevention must commence before the onset of bleeding disorders.&#x0D; Conclusion: The most prevalent blood group among medical students was B, whereas AB was the least prevalent. Blood types AB and B have greater levels of BT and CT. Neither BT nor CT were significantly associated with blood type. BT and CT values were found to be greater in females

Influence of ABO blood group on susceptibility to different pathological types of lung cancer: a retrospective study

PurposeCurrent research has shown a link between ABO blood group and many diseases. The purpose of this study aimed to investigate the influence of the ABO blood group on the risk of developing different pathological types of lung cancer.Materials and methodsThis retrospective study was composed of 7681 patients with lung cancer and 12, 671 non-lung cancer patients who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from January 2016 to January 2021. The subjects with lung cancer were grouped into small cell lung cancer group (n = 725), lung adenocarcinoma group (n = 4520), and lung squamous cell carcinoma group (n = 2286) according to pathological types. The ABO blood group distribution of each lung cancer type group was compared with that of the control group. Statistical analysis was determined with chi-square and logistic regression.ResultsUnivariate analysis showed that the ABO blood group distribution of lung adenocarcinoma, lung squamous cell carcinoma, and small cell lung cancer was different from that of the control group (P < 0.01). After adjusting for age, sex, smoking history, and drinking history, logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of lung adenocarcinoma in blood type O was higher than that in blood type A (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in ABO blood group composition between small cell lung cancer group, lung squamous cell carcinoma group, and control group (P > 0.05). In addition, gender and age have an influence on all three types of lung cancer (P < 0.01). Smoking was a risk factor in lung squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma (P < 0.01). Alcohol consumption was a risk factor in lung adenocarcinoma (P < 0.01).ConclusionABO blood group may be correlated with the occurrence of lung adenocarcinoma in Jiangxi province, but not with lung squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma.

Distribution of ABO and Rh(D) blood groups in Baloch ethnicity of Mekran Division, Balochistan, Pakistan.

Objective: To evaluate the distribution of ABO and Rh(D) blood groups in Balochistan. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: In Three Districts of the Mekran Division. Period: December 2019 to September 2021. Material &amp; Methods: After informed consent, blood grouping (ABO) and Rh D factors were determined for 14547 people who visited hospital laboratories and blood banks between December 2019 and September 2021 for blood grouping, blood donation, or any other medical reason. The blood type was determined using the antigen-antibody agglutination slide test. Results: Among 14547 individuals, 39.03% (5679) had blood group O, 27.59% (4014) had blood group B, 24.99% (3636) had blood group A and 8.37% (1218) had blood group AB. 86.7% of individuals were Rh D factor positive while 13.3% individuals were Rh-negative. Conclusion: In the Mekran division of Balochistan, the most prevalent blood group is O +ve, while the least prevalent blood group is AB -ve.

Blood group B and decreased risk of coronary artery disease in hypertensive elderly.

Although ABO blood groups have been associated with cardio-vascular disease, little is known about whether ABO blood groups contribute to the risk of the presence and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in elderly individuals with hypertension. This study was aimed to explore this as-sociation. A total of 793 hypertensive patients aged ≥60 years out of 2095 patients who underwent primary coronary angiography were retrospectively included. They were divided into CAD and non-CAD groups. Demographic and clinical characteristics, ABO blood groups and other biochemical parameters were compared. Further evaluation was performed to determine the impact of ABO blood groups on CAD severity using the Gensini score and the number of significantly diseased vessels. A logistic regression model was constructed to identify the association of ABO blood groups with CAD. There was a substantial difference in the distribution of ABO blood groups in elderly and hypertensive adults with and without CAD (p=0.022). Hypertensive patients with CAD had a significantly lower proportion of the blood group B than those without CAD (p=0.008). Compared to those with non-Blood group B, hypertensive elderly with a blood group B tended to have significantly lower concentrations of TC, LDL -C and Apo B, and a lower number of significantly stenosed vessels. The blood group B was found to be an independent protective factor for CAD in elderly with hypertension. The blood group B is significantly associated with a decreased risk of CAD and is inversely correlated with the severity of coronary stenosis in the elderly with hypertension.