Fair Distribution Research Articles

Penerapan Prinsip-Prinsip Good Governance dan Penanggulangan Tingkat Kemiskinan Di Kabupaten Aceh Barat

Good governance plays a crucial role in influencing economic growth in a region, which subsequently contributes to poverty reduction. However, high poverty levels and uneven economic growth can negatively impact local communities. This study examines the effects of transparency, accountability, participation, and equity on poverty alleviation in West Aceh Regency. A mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative techniques with a triangulation design, was employed. The study involved 379 respondents who were major recipients of social assistance from three sub-districts: Kaway XVI, Samatiga, and Woyla. Data were collected through questionnaires, and additional insights were obtained from three government officials involved in poverty alleviation efforts at BAPEDDA West Aceh Regency. Data analysis utilized multiple linear regression with SPSS 22. The findings indicate that transparency significantly and positively influences poverty alleviation by ensuring that aid distribution is targeted and effectively managed. Accountability also has a significant positive effect, as it integrates community involvement from planning to program evaluation. Participation contributes positively by aligning programs with local needs and enhancing implementation success. Lastly, equity positively impacts poverty alleviation by promoting fair resource distribution, enabling programs to effectively reach all societal levels, including vulnerable groups.

Integrasi Islamic Worldview dalam Ekonomi Indonesia: Perspektif Neoklasik, Institusional dan Makroekonomi

The Indonesian economy, as one of the countries with the largest Muslim population in the world, is faced with various challenges in achieving inclusive and sustainable economic development. This article aims to examine how the Islamic worldview can be integrated into Indonesian economic analysis, by referring to three leading economic journals. The first approach taken is the neoclassical perspective in the Journal of Economics and Development, which examines fiscal and monetary policy. Within the framework of the Islamic worldview, this analysis needs to pay attention to the principles of social justice, avoidance of usury, and fair distribution of wealth. Second, in the Journal of Economics and Development Studies, the institutional economics approach highlights the importance of institutions in economic development. In the Islamic view, the principles of shura (deliberation) and amanah (trust) are the keys to institutional management that is oriented towards the welfare of the people. Third, in the Journal of Economic Sciences, globalization is analyzed in the context of its impact on the Indonesian economy. The Islamic worldview offers solutions to global inequality through social instruments such as zakat, infaq, and waqf. Overall, the integration of Islamic economic principles provides a new perspective that focuses more on social justice and shared prosperity, which can enrich Indonesia's economic policies in achieving sustainable and inclusive development.

Substantive and Procedural Justice Principles in the Implementation of Industrial Court Decisions: Challenges and Solutions

The issues related to the execution of industrial relations court decisions often involve delays in implementing decisions and resistance from employers that can postpone or avoid the execution of decisions. Additionally, discrepancies between court rulings and field implementation frequently occur due to inadequate law enforcement and weak supervision. The research questions in this study are: How do the principles of substantive justice and procedural justice apply to the implementation of industrial relations court decisions? And what are the challenges and solutions in the implementation of industrial relations court decisions? This research is classified as normative legal research. The approach used in this research is the statute approach. Data collection is conducted through literature study, and data analysis is performed descriptively. Substantive justice requires that industrial relations court decisions reflect a fair distribution of rights and obligations, such as compensation and the restoration of rights for workers unfairly dismissed. Procedural justice emphasizes an equitable and transparent decision-making process, which is related to the effective implementation of decisions. Major challenges in implementing decisions include delays, employer resistance, and discrepancies in implementation, while solutions involve strengthening law enforcement, simplifying legal processes, education, socialization, and alternative dispute resolution mechanisms.

Health system efficiency and equity in ASEAN: an empirical investigation

BackgroundEquity and efficiency are two fundamental principles for the sound development of health systems, as advocated by the World Health Organization (WHO). Despite the notable progress made by the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in advancing their health systems, gaps persist in achieving global health goals. This paper examines the efficiency of health system stages and the fairness of health resource distribution in ASEAN countries, analyzes the underlying causes of the existing gaps, and suggests potential solutions to bridge them.MethodsData spanning 2011 to 2019, sourced from the WHO Global Health Observatory and the World Bank Database, form the foundation of this study. This study employs an enhanced two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) to assess the efficiency of health system stages in ASEAN countries. Equity in health resource distribution is evaluated using health resource agglomeration degree and concentration curves across demographic, geographic, and economic aspects. Furthermore, the Entropy-Weighted TOPSIS method is utilized to integrate equity across these dimensions, measuring the overall fairness in health resource allocation across different countries. Finally, rankings of health system fairness and efficiency are compared to assess the overall development level of health systems.ResultsThe overall efficiency of the ASEAN health systems from 2011 to 2019 averaged 0.231, with an upward trend in the first stage efficiency at 0.559 and a downward trend in the second stage at 0.502. The health resource agglomeration degree indicated that Singapore, Brunei, and Malaysia had HRAD and HRPD values significantly greater than 1, and Cambodia, Myanmar, and Laos predominantly had indices significantly less than 1. The concentration curve for hospital beds was the closest to the line of absolute equity. During the study period, the health resource concentration curve increasingly approached absolute equity, shifting from above to below the concentration curve. Singapore, Brunei, and Malaysia consistently remained in the first quadrant of the quadrant plot, and Myanmar and Cambodia were consistently in the third quadrant.ConclusionASEAN countries face two key challenges in their healthcare systems: first, while many nations such as Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam have improved resource allocation efficiency, this hasn’t yet translated into better health services. To address this, establishing national health sector steering committees, focusing on workforce training and retention, and implementing centralized monitoring systems are crucial. Second, there is a growing disparity in healthcare development across ASEAN. Promoting balanced resource distribution and leveraging ASEAN’s economic integration for regional collaboration will help bridge these gaps and foster more equitable healthcare systems.

Assessment of timber and fuel wood harvesting practices and distribution pattern in CFUGs of Khotang District, Nepal

Proper harvesting of forest products is necessary for sustainable forest management, playing a pivotal role in minimizing damage and waste while ensuring the sustainability of forest resources. Sustainable community forest management greatly depends on the harvesting and fair distribution of various forest products (FP). The study's goals were to ascertain the methods, instruments, and strategies utilized in the harvesting process, forest products distribution pattern, and the common issues surrounding the distribution and harvesting of FP in Imo and Ashoje Community Forest (CF) located in Khotang District, Nepal. Operational Plan (OP), focus groups, key informant interviews, household surveys, and minute books were used for data collection. 25% of all households were chosen at random from each of the two CF. The study revealed that traditional methods and tools such as sickles, bill hooks, axes, and saws, were commonly used in the past; however, there has been a shift towards modern tools in recent years. Deviations were observed in forest products harvesting and distribution from that of OP in practice. Fuel wood were equally distributed, timbers were allocated based on priority and circular basis ensuring user satisfaction. The slope was the major constraint for harvesting, as most of the marked trees were not cut because of difficulty in extraction. To improve sustainable forest management, it is recommended that advanced tools and training be provided to users, with regular monitoring by forest officials to ensure adherence to best practices. These measures will help enhance user responsibility and ensure sustainable harvesting operations.

Influence of AlCoCrFeNiCuSn HEA reinforcement particles on the plastic flow behaviour of the friction stir processed composite material under constrained confined deformation conditions

Influence of AlCoCrFeNiCuSn HEA reinforcement particles on the plastic flow behaviour of the friction stir processed composite material under constrained confined deformation conditions

Tourism Problems Policy in Labuan Bajo Using a Democratic Approach

Labuan Bajo, one of Indonesia's premier tourist destinations, faces significant challenges despite its growing popularity. Issues such as environmental degradation, economic inequality, and social conflict threaten the sustainability of tourism in the region. This study examines the application of democratic, participatory, and equitable approaches as potential solutions to these problems. The democratic approach emphasizes community involvement in decision-making processes to align tourism development with the needs and interests of local residents. The participatory approach encourages collaboration among stakeholders, including the government, private sector, and local communities, fostering sustainable tourism practices. Meanwhile, the equitable approach seeks to ensure a fair distribution of tourism benefits to prevent social conflicts and promote economic inclusivity. This research employs qualitative descriptive methods, utilizing literature reviews and multimedia sources to analyze tourism challenges and propose sustainable solutions. The findings reveal that incorporating democratic principles, such as establishing community tourism forums and supervisory bodies, can enhance local participation and environmental conservation. Additionally, community-based tourism initiatives provide greater economic benefits to local populations, reducing economic disparities. The results highlight the importance of a multi-stakeholder approach, where government, private entities, and local communities collaborate to address tourism-related challenges. The study concludes that a democratic framework, coupled with participatory and equitable strategies, is vital for achieving sustainable and inclusive tourism development in Labuan Bajo. These approaches not only safeguard environmental and cultural heritage but also ensure long-term economic growth that benefits all stakeholders.

Facile green synthesis of ZnO/ZrO2 nanocomposite for photocatalytic degradation and chromium (VI) reduction

Facile green synthesis of ZnO/ZrO2 nanocomposite for photocatalytic degradation and chromium (VI) reduction

A Scale to Analyse the Societal Attitude of Farmers towards Adoption of Scientific Water Efficient Practices in Command Areas

Water is an essential yet limited natural resource, vital for sustaining life on Earth. Command areas refer to regions supplied by irrigation systems, such as canal networks or reservoirs, which deliver water to agricultural lands. Effective water management in these regions is crucial for optimizing resources, ensuring fair distribution, and enhancing crop production and productivity. While many scales exist to measure farmers' attitudes, none specifically assess attitudes toward adopting scientific, water-efficient practices in command areas. This study attempts to address this gap by developing and standardizing a scale to evaluate farmers' societal attitudes toward such practices. The resulting scale, which has demonstrated high reliability and validity, consists of 40 statements divided into six categories: (a) maintenance of field channels and distributaries, (b) on-farm water management, (c) water-saving techniques, (d) crop selection and cultivation practices, (e) excess water management techniques, and (f) policy, administration, and extension. An Ex-post facto research design was adopted, and the scale was administered to 40 farmers using a simple random sampling technique in the Tungabhadra command area of Karnataka during the 2023-24 period. Findings reveal that a significant majority of farmers (80%) exhibited attitudes ranging from less favourable to favourable toward scientific water-efficient practices, whereas only one-fourth (20%) displayed a more favourable attitude toward these practices.

Economic Justice in the Design of a Sugarcane-Derived Biofuel Supply Chain: A Fair Profit Distribution Approach

Background: In agricultural supply chains, unequal bargaining power often leads to economic inequality, particularly for farmers. The fair profit distribution (FPD) approach offers a solution by optimizing supply chain flows (materials, information, and money) to promote economic equity among members. However, our literature review highlights a gap in applying the FPD approach to the facility location-allocation problem in supply chain network design (SCND), particularly in sugarcane-derived biofuel supply chains. Methods: Consequently, we propose a multi-period optimization model based on FPD to design a sugarcane biofuel supply chain. The methodology involves four steps: constructing a conceptual model, developing a mathematical model, designing a solution strategy, and generating insights. This model considers both investment (crop development, biorefinery construction) and operational phases over a long-term planning horizon, focusing on farm location and crop allocation. Results: By comparing the FPD model to a traditional centralized planning supply chain (CSC) approach, we examine the impact of the planning horizon, number of farms, and sugarcane prices paid by biorefineries on financial performance. While the FPD model results in lower overall system profits, it fosters a fairer economic scenario for farmers. Conclusions: This study contributes to economic justice in supply chains and offers insights to promote fair trade among stakeholders.

Minimum deviation distribution ranking model and fairness concern-based consensus building for group decision-making

Minimum deviation distribution ranking model and fairness concern-based consensus building for group decision-making

Optimizing resource allocation for enhanced urban connectivity in LEO-UAV-RIS networks

Optimizing resource allocation for enhanced urban connectivity in LEO-UAV-RIS networks

The effects of fair allocation principles on energy system model designs

Abstract What constitutes socially just or unjust energy systems or transitions can be derived from the philosophy and theories of justice. Assessments of distributive justice and utilising them in modelling lead to great differences based on which justice principles are applied. From the limited research so far published in the intersection between energy systems modelling and justice, we find that comparisons between the two principles of utilitarianism and egalitarianism dominate in assessments of distributive justice, with the latter most often considered representing a 'just energy system'. The lack of recognition of alternative and equally valid principles of justice, resting on e.g. capabilities, responsibilities and/or opportunities, leads to a narrow understanding of justice that fails to align with the views of different individuals, stakeholders and societies. More importantly, it can lead to the unjust design of future energy systems and energy systems analysis. 
 
In this work, we contribute to the growing amount of research on distributive justice in energy systems modelling by assessing the implications of different philosophical views on justice on modelling results. Through a modelling exercise with a power system model for Europe (highRES), we explore different designs of a future (2050) net-zero European electricity system, and its distributional implications based on the application of different justice principles. In addition to the utilitarian and egalitarian approach, we include, among others, principles of 'polluters pay' and 'ability-to-pay', which take historical contributions of greenhouse gas emissions and the socio-economic conditions of a region into account. 
 
We find that fair distributions of electricity generating infrastructure look significantly different depending on the justice principles applied. The results may stimulate a greater discussion among researchers and policymakers on the implications of different constructions of justice in modelling, expansion of approaches, and demonstrate the importance of transparency and assumptions when communicating such results.

The Role of Accounting Information Technology in Reducing Tax Evasion: an Applied Study on a Sample of Employees of Tax Departments in Middle AL -Furat AL –Awsat

The current research aims to measure the role of accounting information technology represented by (Perceived benefit, ease of use) in reducing tax evasion represented by (Fair distribution of tax burden, penalties and penalties, combating tax evasion, employees efficiency, economic conditions) among a sample of employees of tax departments in the Middle Euphrates region, the research has stood on an important problem, which was formulated under the question of the research (What is the role of accounting information technology in reducing tax evasion?), In order to address the problem, two hypotheses were formulated, and the research relied on the descriptive analytical approach in measuring, describing and analyzing the research variables, and the research relied on the questionnaire tool in collecting the necessary data, As (150) questionnaires were distributed to the concerned tax department employees, and (137) questionnaires were retrieved, with (129) questionnaires valid for analysis and (8) damaged questionnaires. To analyze the results, the (SPSS&AMOS) package was used (V.28). The research summarized several findings, foremost of which was that accounting information technology has an impact in reducing tax evasion. Additionally, there is a high degree of use of accounting information technology in improving the capabilities of tax department employees in the Middle Euphrates region to reduce tax evasion. The research recommends the use of modern accounting information methods and techniques to combat tax evasion and ensure timely payment of taxes in the right place.

The Role of Labour Law in Enabling Mechanisms for Mitigating Military Conflicts. A Legal Model of Peace

The world is perpetually shaken by various forms of military conflicts, and these occurrences have consistently captured the attention of the International Labour Organization (ILO) due to their profound impact on far-reaching consequences on an international labour market. Our study aims to address potential strategies for mitigating risks arising from military conflicts. We firmly believe that labour law should be highly flexible and centered on neutralizing the ramifications of conflicts for states and citizens. Our research question guides the examination of labour law, using the ILO and Swiss labour law as cases, considering the location and scale of the military conflict. Existing literature on the development of the ILO’s legal and regulatory framework predominantly focuses on events, with limited attention given to analyzing the connections between them and lessons for the present. It is crucial to explore these connections to prevent the repetition of negative historical patterns and the compounding of problems. We express deep concern regarding the impact of military zones on the world of work. There is an imperative need for heightened attention to labour law response mechanisms. We strongly claim certain spheres of work must remain neutral concerning military conflicts. Labour law has long been engaged in formulating specific rules of conduct for employers and employees during the outbreak of armed conflicts. We contend labour law norms can serve as a means of promoting peace. In this regard, digital tools like the «Digitale Peer-Gruppen-Beratung» can prove instrumental in implementing pre-agreements among nations, employers, trade unions, and workers. By expanding functions from consultative to providing relocation of groups of workers due to the unscrupulous foreign policies of their countries we would contribute to a more peaceful world. This should be based on having pre-established agreements between nations regarding the fair and equitable distribution or temporary deployment of labour resources, particularly those crucial to the military and related industries of the conflicting parties. The concept of a strike merits consideration as a democratic tool, wherein workers relocate centralized because of disagreement with their country’s policies. It necessitates clarification to ensure non-interference in the internal affairs of nations and to consider industry-specific factors (e.g., continuous production cycles).

Improving the budgetary policy of municipalities

The subject of the study is financial relations of municipalities in terms of income generation. The purpose of the article is to disclose and justify measures to increase fairness of the distribution of personal income tax by fixing the share of such a tax for the municipality in which the citizen lives but does not work. The research methods are general scientific (analysis, synthesis, deduction, classification, work with sources) and empirical ones (horizontal analysis). The article considers the problem of imbalance of local budgets caused by pendulum migration and, consequently, by outflow of income from municipalities. An information and software solution has been proposed to ensure the fair distribution of part of the personal income tax between municipalities by the place of residence and work of taxpayers. The logical model of the proposed solution and necessary changes in legislation for its implementation are described. The scope of application is the budget system of the Russian Federation, namely the spheres of municipal finance. Further research should be aimed at identifying additional reserves for strengthening the financial autonomy of municipalities. The expected results of the work include improving the financial situation of the population, optimising the budget system and leveling the level of development of municipalities. The importance of the proposed solution for balanced regional development and improving the quality of life of citizens is emphasised.

Dispute Over Vote Count in the Election of The Head of Huta Julu Village, Mandailing Natal Regency From the Perspective of Fiqh Siyasah (Analysis Study of Decision Number: 73/G/2023/PTUN.MDN)

Law Number 6 of 2014 outlines the authority, responsibilities, and processes related to the election and dismissal of village heads. This study examines the mechanisms applied by Indonesian law to resolve disputes related to village head elections. The relevant decision is 73/G/2023/PTUN.MDN. This study uses normative legal research, which involves the analysis of laws and regulations as legal documents. Research findings indicate a discussion regarding the selection of village heads in Huta Julu, a community in Mandailing Natal Regency. Village leaders are appointed directly, bypassing the resolution of existing issues, while disputes regarding fair vote distribution by the election committee are handled unfairly. This study explains the strategies used by judges in resolving disputes that occurred during the village head election in Huta Julu.

Youth’s tolerance of corruption: exploring the influence of sensitivity to monetary inequity and sociodemographic factors

This study explores the relationship between tolerance of corruption, in-group/out-group sensitivity to differences in random monetary distributions, and sociodemographic variables in young students in Colombia. The results offer evidence of a relationship between aversion to monetary inequity and a reduced tolerance for corrupt acts among young people. The design included two experiments: a corruption task (CT) and a sensitivity to difference in monetary rewards (MR) task. MR had two conditions, one implying social bias as a variable. Participation involved a sample of 220 students, ranging in age from fifteen to twenty-three, representing both public and private universities in Colombia. Participants with preferences for fair distributions had a lower tolerance of corruption. In this study, cognitive and sociodemographic factors influencing corruption tolerance among Colombian youth are identified. Likewise, the methodology used to investigate corruption tolerance is outlined and the mediating role of sensitivity to monetary differences in said acceptance is examined.

Benefit or procedure? Determinants of perceived distributive fairness in rural China

Benefit or procedure? Determinants of perceived distributive fairness in rural China

Political and Community Logics of Emergent Disease Vaccine Deployment: Anthropological Insights from DRC, Uganda and Tanzania

With a growing number of emerging infectious diseases and the rapid development of vaccines during epidemics and pandemics, public health officials at the global and national level have reported concerns about vaccine hesitancy, often attributing this to a problem of misinformation and poor understanding of risk. However, social scientists have found that vaccination perceptions are complex and multi-faceted. By focusing on the historical, cultural and political influences that affect vaccine acceptance, as well as social justice questions that examine the fair distribution of vaccines, we explore the political and community logics of vaccine deployment using a case study approach. We found differing logics depending on the vaccine and the context and argue that political and community logics come to the forefront during outbreaks as vaccine strategies often are imposed—in different ways—by the Global North. We suggest that, prior to the development and deployment of new vaccines for emergent diseases in the Global South, political level and community logics must be acknowledged and engaged with.