Simulation Of Distribution Research Articles

Pengembangan Paket Tes Berbasis Hihgher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Pokok Bahasan Theorema Phytagoras

Lack of students' skills in answering questions that require analysis, evaluation, and creativity so that in learning they cannot answer questions that require higher-order thinking skills. This results in the level of thinking of students in Indonesia is still low, as seen from Indonesia's ranking in the TIMSS in 2015. One of the efforts made to improve these higher thinking skills is by using the HOTS test package. This type of research is a development research with the Thiagrajan or Four D Model which aims to describe the process and results of developing HOTS-based test packages for eighth grade students on the Theorema Pythagoras material which is valid, practical, and effective in training students' higher order thinking skills. The method used in this research is the test method to determine the validity and effectiveness of the test package and the questionnaire method to determine practicality. The results of this study are in the form of students' achievements in analyzing, evaluating, and creating in accordance with higher-order thinking indicators with good interpretations. The HOTS-based test package, the subject of Pythagorean Theorema, produced in this study is valid, practical, and effective and can be used to improve students' higher order thinking skills.
 Keywords: Test Package, Pythagorean Theorem, Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)

A Study on Otorhinolaryngological Presentations in Covid 19 Patients in a Tertiary Health Care Center.

Corona virus also known as 2019 novel corona virus, a single stranded positive sense RNA virus is the causative agent of COVID 19 disease. It mainly spreads via the respiratory route by means of aerosols. The objectives of our study were. To know the prevalence of ENT presentations in COVID 19 patients and to know the relationship between the symptoms and category of the disease as well as to know the relation between the blood group and recovery from the disease. The first 500 patients who were tested positive for COVID 19 and getting treated in our hospital were included in the study after taking written informed consent from the patients who were willing to participate in the study. A detailed history was taken from all the patients and more stress was given on the ENT symptoms with respect to its onset, duration and time taken for the relief of symptoms. The ENT symptoms were compared with the category of the disease as well as the blood group of the patients. Statistical analysis was done using Chi square test and Statistical Package for Social Sciences [SPSS] for Windows Version 22.0 Released 2013. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp., was used to perform statistical analyses. In our study 310 (62.0%) were males and 190 (38.0%) patients were females (38%), of age group ranging from 2 years to 87 years. In our study 367 (73.3%) patients were symptomatic and the rest 133 (26.6%) were asymptomatic. There were 335 (67.0%) patients in category A, 140 (28.0%) in category B and 25 (5.0%) in category C. The most common ENT presentation was headache and its prevelance was more in category C and it was of statistical significance. On comparing the blood group and the ENT symptoms occurrence of sore throat was of statistical significance and its prevelance was more among the O blood group patients. In terms of recovery from the disease the patients with blood group O had good recovery rate. Covid 19 pandemic is still an on going problem and newer strains of the virus are arising as well hence. In our study we found out that isolated ENT symptoms such as aguesia and anosmia were the only presentation of the disease. Thus they can be considered as early marker of the disease and it will be helpful in early detection and isolation of the patient as well as prevention of further spread of the disease.

A flexible image encryption algorithm based on 3D CTBCS and DNA computing

In this paper, a novel image encryption algorithm based on a new discrete chaotic system is presented. The chaotic characteristics of the new chaotic system are analyzed by phase diagram, Lyapunov exponent, bifurcation diagram and complexity analysis. The randomness of chaotic sequences is test by the NIST SP 800-22 test package. The calculation time with different length sequence is recorded. Based on the analyses results, a flexible encryption scheme is designed for 2D image and 3D image. The hash value which is calculated from the SHA-256 hash function is used to change the initial conditions of the discrete system firstly. And then, the chaotic sequences are used to scramble and spread the value for the images by Arnold matrix and DNA diffusion algorithm. The security analysis shows that the proposed encryption algorithm possesses higher security features to preserve the subject and resist conventional attack. The results of this paper offer a different realization scheme for protection of image files.

Performance: An R Package for Assessment, Comparison and Testing of Statistical Models

performance: An R Package for Assessment, Comparison and Testing of Statistical Models

Diagnostic center for primary care patients with nonspecific symptoms and suspected cancer: compliance to workflow and accuracy of tests and examinations

Objective To evaluate compliance to workflow and accuracy of tests in Sweden’s first fast-track referral pathway for patients with nonspecific symptoms and suspected cancer (SCAN). Design Prospective cohort study with consecutive inclusion of patients referred to the diagnostic center (DC). Setting Patients with nonspecific symptoms were examined in primary care according to a protocol including two test packages and diagnostic imaging. If symptoms were not explained, patients were referred to the DC and a DC-test package was taken. At the DC, further investigations resulted in diagnosis/no diagnosis. Subjects A total of 290 patients, median age 69 years (interquartile range [IQR] 59–76), 48% men, participated. A total of 64 (22%) were diagnosed with cancer, 186 (64%) with non-malignant disease and 40 (14%) had no new disease. Main outcome measure Compliance was estimated by percentage of compulsory tests taken. Test accuracy was assessed by likelihood ratios (LRs) regarding cancer. Results A total of 23 (8%) patients had taken both primary care packages, whereas 150 (52%) patients went through entire diagnostic imaging. Abnormal pulmonary X-ray, peak expiratory flow (PEF) and calcium had the highest LRs in primary care (3.5; 3.2; 2.7). A total of 105 (36%) took the complete DC-package, of which bilirubin and cytomegalovirus had the highest LRs (11.5; 10.9). The median number (IQR) of abnormal primary care tests was 5 (3–6) for cancer, 3 (2–6) for other diagnoses and 1 (0–3) for no diagnosis. Conclusions Compliance to test packages in primary care was low, which warrants review of the workflow. Few single tests had high accuracy regarding cancer, but the number of abnormal tests can provide guidance in complicated investigations of suspected malignancies. KEY POINTS Fast-track referral pathways for patients with nonspecific serious symptoms have been implemented in several countries and are part of the national cancer strategy in all of Scandinavia. Compliance with compulsory tests in primary care was modest in this study; 8% of the patients had taken the entire compulsory test packages. Few single compulsory tests had high accuracy regarding subsequent cancer, which warrants a review of tests and examinations. However, patients diagnosed with cancer had a higher number of abnormal test results compared to the other groups.

Model of medical and psychological support for adolescents with depressive behavior

IntroductionTraditional methods of preventing the deviant behavior in adolescents are aimed at clinical variants of certain forms of deviant behavior.ObjectivesThe study included 160 teenagers with depression.MethodsStudy design included: Depression Test, Projective Drawing Tests, Pathoharacterological Diagnostic; Package of AUDIT tests for the diagnosis of dependent behavior.ResultsSymptoms of depressive behavior disorder in adolescents depending on age and gender were identified: in girls aged 12-14 – autoaggression, food disorders and suicidal behavior; in boys aged 12-14 – gaming, internet addiction; in boys aged 15-18 – gambling, drug addiction and smoking. Anxiety of younger teenagers turns into a chronic anxiety-dreary depression, with frequent attacks behavioral disorders.ConclusionsThe use of technology makes it possible to identify informative imprinting of stereotypical behavior and the locus of the therapeutic window, provide medical and psychological support for adolescents with depressive disorders and the quality of social functioning, provide primary and secondary prevention of depression progression and the formation of dependent behavior.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Laminar Metal Foam: A Soft and Highly Thermally Conductive Thermal Interface Material with a Reliable Joint for Semiconductor Packaging.

Future electronic packaging technology requires semiconductor chips having a larger size and higher power for advanced applications, e.g., new energy conversion systems, electric vehicles, and data center servers, yet traditional thermal interface materials (TIMs) with a high thermal conductivity are generally stiff materials with weak joints, which cause the accumulated thermal stress to concentrate at the chip corners, leading to cracking and popcorn problems. To address such a critical challenge, herein for the first time we report a low-cost and high-performance porous copper (Cu)-indium (In) laminar structure as TIM, which can provide a superior thermal conductivity (50 W m-1 K-1) comparable to indium, yet the Young's modulus (1.0 GPa) is an order of magnitude lower than indium, which is a state-of-the-art value. Additionally, the In-based intermetallic compound (IMC) joints enable more robust mechanical interconnection above the melting point of pure indium, providing better high-temperature performance. The discontinuous IMCs spread the global interfacial thermal stress into numerous isolated local areas, ensuring a reliable joint to resist thermal-mechanical fatigue. In the silicon-TIM-copper package testing vehicles with a large die size (1 × 1 square inch), this structure shows excellent thermal management ability and superior reliability, compared with classical indium and classic commercial silver pastes.

Eksplorasi Etnomatematika pada Bangunan Candi Jabung di Desa Jabung Probolinggo sebagai Bahan Ajar Siswa

Ethnomatematics is mathematics that is practiced by cultural groups, such as rural and urban communities in carrying out certain cultural activities. Culture can be in the form of works such as buildings that have certain characteristics. Mathematics with the application of culture will make it easier for students in the learning process. This study aims to determine the ethnomatematics of Jabung temple in Jabung village, Probolinggo and as a material for making student test packages in the form of questions. This type of research is qualitative research with an ethnographic approach. Data collection methods used were observation and interviews. This study shows that there are mathematical concepts in the Jabung temple including rectangle, triangle, circle, rhombus, tube, beam, similarity, congruence, translation, reflection, dilatation. The results of this study were student test packages for class IX SMP / MTs. which contains ethnomatematics in Jabung temple.
 Keywords: ethnomatematics, jabung temple, test packages

ETNOMATEMATIKA PADA KELENTENG TJOE TIK KIONG PASURUAN SEBAGAI BAHAN PAKET TES SISWA SMP KELAS VIII

The purpose of this study was to determine what ethnomatematics in the Tjoe Tik Kiong Temple and produce a test package related to ethnomatematics in the Tjoe Tik Kiong Temple. This temple is a place of worship for the Tri Dharma people in Pasuruan City. This type of research is qualitative research with an ethnographic approach. The subjects of this study were one religious leader and one handyman. Data collection methods used are observation and interviews. In this study focused on several objects of building and carving shapes. Mathematical concepts that emerged in the Tjoe Tik Kiong Temple building were geometric, congruent, similarity and geometric transformation. The product made is a test package related to ethnomatematics at the Tjoe Tik Kiong Temple in Pasuruan. This test package is intended for junior high school grade VIII

Development of an Electronic Portfolio Assessment Model in Learning Chemistry to Develop the Habits of Mind and Reasoning of Indonesian Students

This research aims to develop an electronic portfolio assessment model in learning chemistry. The development of the model was intended to developed students’ habits of mind and reasoning. Reseerarch on the development of this model was carried out with a research & development method that begins with a preliminary study, development, validation, and application. Research instruments in the form of questionnaires, interview guides, validation sheets and documents as a tool to explore various information needed at each stage. The research respondents consisted of chemistry educators or teachers, high school students, and related stakeholders. In the preliminary study and development phase, a number of research data have been produced. The preliminary study data were in the form of a number of habits of mind and reasoning indicators that form the basis of developing assessment instruments. The data from the development study were in the form of a package of test and non-test assessment instruments constructed from 3 main indicators of habits of mind and 5 indicators of reasoning in chemistry learning. Initial instrument was developed in erased the form of 50 items generated from related indicators, after theoretically validated 48 items were obtained with a CVI index of 0.89 in the good category and all items having a CVR index met valid criteria. Based on the results of the study, the items produced were declared valid and could be used as content to build the electronic portfolio assessment framework and model.

Simplification Algorithm and Analysis of Random Sequence Test Packets based on Filtering Ability

A method was presented for simplifying the random sequences by means of introducing the concept of “the ability of filtering”. On the basis of explication of the relationship between each test and In-depth analysis of the role and contribution of individual tests to the overall test, the algorithm and implementation plan of simplified test package were proposed. Three procedures for filtering descending permutation tables for simplifying links and the algorithm for simulation results were discussed.

MixIndependR: a R package for statistical independence testing of loci in database of multi-locus genotypes

BackgroundMulti-locus genotype data are widely used in population genetics and disease studies. In evaluating the utility of multi-locus data, the independence of markers is commonly considered in many genomic assessments. Generally, pairwise non-random associations are tested by linkage disequilibrium; however, the dependence of one panel might be triplet, quartet, or other. Therefore, a compatible and user-friendly software is necessary for testing and assessing the global linkage disequilibrium among mixed genetic data.ResultsThis study describes a software package for testing the mutual independence of mixed genetic datasets. Mutual independence is defined as no non-random associations among all subsets of the tested panel. The new R package “mixIndependR” calculates basic genetic parameters like allele frequency, genotype frequency, heterozygosity, Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, and linkage disequilibrium (LD) by mutual independence from population data, regardless of the type of markers, such as simple nucleotide polymorphisms, short tandem repeats, insertions and deletions, and any other genetic markers. A novel method of assessing the dependence of mixed genetic panels is developed in this study and functionally analyzed in the software package. By comparing the observed distribution of two common summary statistics (the number of heterozygous loci [K] and the number of share alleles [X]) with their expected distributions under the assumption of mutual independence, the overall independence is tested.ConclusionThe package “mixIndependR” is compatible to all categories of genetic markers and detects the overall non-random associations. Compared to pairwise disequilibrium, the approach described herein tends to have higher power, especially when number of markers is large. With this package, more multi-functional or stronger genetic panels can be developed, like mixed panels with different kinds of markers. In population genetics, the package “mixIndependR” makes it possible to discover more about admixture of populations, natural selection, genetic drift, and population demographics, as a more powerful method of detecting LD. Moreover, this new approach can optimize variants selection in disease studies and contribute to panel combination for treatments in multimorbidity. Application of this approach in real data is expected in the future, and this might bring a leap in the field of genetic technology.AvailabilityThe R package mixIndependR, is available on the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN) at: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/mixIndependR/index.html.

The Validity of the Internalized Argumentation Skills Test for Chemistry Students

This study aims to produce a package of questions measuring internalized argumentation skills (IAS) that meet the requirements of logical validity (content and construct) and empirical validity. The research follows Fenrich’s development model. The implementation of the test package to test the empirical validity involved 30 participants, students of the Chemistry Education Study Program. The research data were analyzed descriptively. The results of the research, a package of IAS measuring questions for chemistry students has been successfully developed. The IAS measuring test package consists of five questions with details of one easy level question, three medium level questions, and one difficult level question. The package of questions developed has met the requirements of logical validity (content and construct) and empirical validity.

A Systematic Mapping Study of Software Usability Studies

Among software quality attributes “software usability” is considered as one of the vital factors in software engineering literature. Software usability is the ability for users to generally understand, use, and learn a software with ease. Due to the importance of usability in software quality, a considerable amount of literature is published in the past decade. Few review and survey studies are also published to critically review the existing literature in the domain. However, there is limited research covering systematic mapping study of software usability. Mapping studies help in analyzing the general trends and research productivity in a research area. To fill this gap, this work critically examines the overall research productivity, demographics, trends, and challenges of software usability. The objective is to classify the current contributions and trends in the area of software usability. We retrieved 9,874 research articles from six research databases and 62 works are selected as primary studies using an evidence-based approach. The result of this mapping study shows that software usability is an active research area, with a promising number of works published in the last decade (2011 - 2020). We identified that the current literature spans over multiple article classes of which investigative papers, model proposals and evaluation papers are the most frequently published article types. We found experiments and theoretical validations to be the most common validation techniques. In terms of application domains; web, software development and mobile applications are the most frequent domains where usability studies are conducted. We identified that future usability studies should focus more on field studies as well as on the usability testing of scientific software packages. It will be of importance to consider ethical issues in usability testing as well.

Peppermint flavor oil in fluoride varnishes enhances fluoride release

Background: Fluoride varnish (FV) is a common dental health treatment for the prevention of early childhood caries. Application of FV with a flavoring agent promotes comfort and acceptance by patients, especially children, and facilitates an effective treatment time. Objective: Flavored FV with a pleasant flavor should allow a faster treatment time, especially with children. The aim of this research was to study basic FV formulations containing different flavors of essential oils (LorAnn) and variations in the concentrations of flavor oils to determine the optimum formulation to enhance the in vitro fluoride release time. Methods: The independent variables were the flavors (apple, melon, and peppermint) and the concentrations (1, 1.5, 2, or 2.5%) of the flavor that gave the best fluoride release (peppermint). The amounts of fluoride ions released in 6 h into deionized water were assessed at 37°C using an ion-selective electrode with the addition of fluoride total ionic strength adjustment buffer solution to strengthen the ion reading. The cumulative ion release was analyzed for normality and equality of variance, and the means were compared using a general linear model test and Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23.0 software. The significance level was set at α = 0.05. Results: At the same concentration of 2% for the apple, melon, and peppermint flavors, the peppermint formulation gave the best fluoride release, at 173.22 mg/L. A peppermint oil concentration of 2.5% showed the highest fluoride ion release, at 178.95 mg/L. Conclusions: The addition of peppermint flavor oil at a concentration range of 1—2.5% revealed an increasing release of fluoride ions with an increasing peppermint oil concentration. Further investigations are still needed using artificial saliva to replicate actual conditions in the oral cavity.

Motion Planning Algorithm for a Mobile Robot with a Smart Machine Vision System

This study is devoted to the challenges of motion planning for mobile robots with smart machine vision systems. Motion planning for mobile robots in the environment with obstacles is a problem to deal with when creating robots suitable for operation in real-world conditions. The solutions found today are predominantly private, and are highly specialized, which prevents judging of how successful they are in solving the problem of effective motion planning. Solutions with a narrow application field already exist and are being already developed for a long time, however, no major breakthrough has been observed yet. Only a systematic improvement in the characteristics of such systems can be noted. The purpose of this study: develop and investigate a motion planning algorithm for a mobile robot with a smart machine vision system. The research subject for this article is a motion planning algorithm for a mobile robot with a smart machine vision system. This study provides a review of domestic and foreign mobile robots that solve the motion planning problem in a known environment with unknown obstacles. The following navigation methods are considered for mobile robots: local, global, individual. In the course of work and research, a mobile robot prototype has been built, capable of recognizing obstacles of regular geometric shapes, as well as plan and correct the movement path. Environment objects are identified and classified as obstacles by means of digital image processing methods and algorithms. Distance to the obstacle and relative angle are calculated by photogrammetry methods, image quality is improved by linear contrast enhancement and optimal linear filtering using the Wiener-Hopf equation. Virtual tools, related to mobile robot motion algorithm testing, have been reviewed, which led us to selecting Webots software package for prototype testing. Testing results allowed us to make the following conclusions. The mobile robot has successfully identified the obstacle, planned a path in accordance with the obstacle avoidance algorithm, and continued moving to the destination. Conclusions have been drawn regarding the concluded research.

Ujian Akhir Madrasah Berbasis Android: Inovasi Mengatasi Minimnya Media Komputer MIN 1 Lebong

This study sought to find a depiction of innovation made by the principal and teachers at MIN 1 Lebong concerning the madrasah’s final exams academic year 2018/2019, amid the lack of media, by replacing the Computer-based madrasah’s final exams (UAMBK) to Android-based madrasah’s final exams (UAMBA). Thus, it called for an in-depth study to see its implementation. This study employed a qualitative approach. The data were collected through observation, interview, and documentation techniques, and the data were subsequently analyzed using Miles, Haberman, and Saldana’ version of analysis, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusion. This study concluded that the implementation of Android-based final exams, or the so-called UAMBA, was considered quite effective and efficient because it had several advantages including saving more budgets, being able to minimize the delay of UAM test packages, minimizing the occurrence of cheating during exams, making it easier for students, and making the exam results capably known quickly because the manual implementation of national exams was costly, wherein it demanded budgets for printing national exam packages and distributing those national exam packages.

Developing an accelerated vibration simulation test for packaged bananas

Mechanical damage in packaged fruits is known to be exacerbated by the intensity and exposure duration of vibration excitation during road transport. However, the current single degree of freedom (SDOF) vibration simulation test standards for road vehicle transport have limitations for simulating long distance road trips. The accelerated vibration simulation testing, based on the Basquin model of cyclic fatigue, has been used for reducing the simulation test time. However, the time-compression factor used in this model can result in significant errors in simulation outcome as the power constant is usually assumed (i.e. k = 2 or 5). This work aimed at developing an accelerated vibration simulation test for packaged bananas. For this, mechanical damage levels that occurred during the field transport of packaged bananas were compared with the damage levels resulted from laboratory-based vibration simulation. A SDOF averaged power-spectra derived from the measurement of vertical acceleration levels during the field transport, with a vibration intensity of 0.36 gRMS for a test duration of three hours, was found to be the most suitable test protocol that closely replicated the field damage levels during long distance transport of bananas. The power constant in the Basquin model was derived by comparing the simulation-induced mechanical damage levels, with those occurred during the field transport. This study therefore provides a practical time-compressed simulation test for packaged bananas and other similar products undergoing long distance transport. Improved package testing will contribute to developing more realistic solutions to minimize damage to delicate products in-transit.

Improvement Of Teaching Material And Capacity Building On Laboratory Of Aquaculture, Fish Disease Division, Faculty Of Fisheries And Marine Science, Universitas Brawijaya

The laboratory is one of the effective learning places for students to develop scientific knowledge and skills. FPIK has 6 laboratories and 4 UPTs that can be used by students and lecturers. In practice, there are still limitations in this laboratory, including the malfunction of the equipment in the laboratory, due to damage to the equipment and the lack of mastery in operating the tools. This community service is intended to help solve problems that exist in the Aquaculture Laboratory of the Fish Disease Division of FPIK UB by increasing the capacity of human resources and laboratories in testing services. The form of service activities carried out includes organizing online workshops on fish hematology and histology testing, making learning videos for practicum analysis of fish hematology, developing collaboration networks with other laboratories, adding laboratory testing instruments and packages and cooperation in scientific publications.

Analysis of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 1 as an Independent Prognostic Factor for Gastric Cancer Based on Statistical Methods.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) in gastric cancer (GC), evaluate its relationship with the clinicopathological features and prognosis of GC, and analyze the advantage of CDK1 as a potential independent prognostic factor for GC.MethodsThe Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data and corresponding clinical features of GC were collected. First, the aim gene was selected by combining five topological analysis methods, where the gene expression in paracancerous and GC tissues was analyzed by Limma package and Wilcox test. Second, the correlation between gene expression and clinical features was analyzed by logistic regression. Finally, the survival analysis was carried out by using the Kaplan–Meier. The gene prognostic value was evaluated by univariate and multivariate Cox analyses, and the gene potential biological function was explored by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA).ResultsCDK1 was selected as one of the most important genes associated with GC. The expression level of CDK1 in GC tissues was significantly higher than that in paracancerous tissues, which was significantly correlated with pathological stage and grade. The survival rate of the CDK1 high expression group was significantly lower than that of the low expression group. CDK1 expression was significantly correlated with overall survival (OS). CDK1 expression was mainly involved in prostate cancer, small cell lung cancer, and GC and was enriched in the WNT signaling pathway and T cell receptor signaling pathway.ConclusionCDK1 may serve as an independent prognostic factor for GC. It is also expected to be a new target for molecular targeted therapy of GC.