Distributed Enterprise Applications Research Articles

Designing and Building Large-Scale Distributed Enterprise Applications for Commerce

Designing a large-scale enterprise application for e-commerce that can manage multiple millions of requests and manages multi-million dollars in revenue has lot of complexities. The critical part of developing and maintaining such systems needs a thoughtful design that can be scalable, reliable and flexible enough to handle changes as the product evolves over time. Many companies have developed their own architecture and systems for this use case; we propose a system that’s designed and developed a few years ago which can handle millions of requests per day, rigorously tested with time on production and served various use cases and scenarios. There are several components and services in this system that must work seamlessly, and decisions must be made while designing a system. In this paper, we discuss the overall architecture, components involved and important design decisions that affect their ease of use, flexibility, performance, scalability, reliability and fault-tolerance. We also discuss other approaches that can be used while making design decisions. We then illustrate how our decisions and systems satisfy the requirements that can be used for designing and developing these large-scale enterprise applications for commerce stack.

Integration of Distributed Enterprise Applications: A Survey

Many industrial enterprises acquire disparate systems and applications over the years. The need to integrate these different systems and applications is often prominent for satisfying business requirements and needs. In an effort to help researchers in industrial informatics understand the state-of-the-art of the enterprise application integration, we examined the architectures and technologies for integrating distributed enterprise applications, illustrated their strengths and weaknesses, and identified research trends and opportunities in this increasingly important area.

事件驱动、面向服务的物联网服务提供方法

Internet of Things (IoT) seamlessly integrates the user domain, cyberspace and physical space domains, and realizes the dynamic human-machine-thing collaborations. In general, IoT applications often comprise the interactions of human activities, software services and physical entities spanning multiple service domains or organizations. An IoT application system often involves the aggregation of several distributed enterprise application systems. It builds a larger, composite system to collaboratively achieve a specific business goal. Most previous work only focuses on the interconnection and interoperability problems among different entities and enterprise application systems in a dynamic interaction environment. However, the problems of how to efficiently disseminate the sensing information among the information providers and consumers on-demand and how to dynamically coordinate the relevant enterprise services or business processes based on the occurred events from the real world still have not been comprehensively explored. To resolve these problems, we propose an EDSOAbased (Event-driven Service-oriented Architecture) IoT service provisioning approach which well integrates the advantages of EDA (Event-driven Architecture) and SOA (Service-oriented Architecture) in this paper. The combination of SOA and EDA can easily support the on-demand dissemination of sensing information and realize the event-driven dynamic service coordination cross domain. This proposed approach enhances the flexibility and responsiveness of IoT service systems, which allows these systems to respond dynamically, in real time, as events occur. Finally, we demonstrate its practicability by a deployed District Heating Control and Information Service System (DHCISS) application.

Adaptive SOA with Interactive Monitoring Techniques and HPS

With the advent of distributed technologies and related Integrated Development Environments (IDEs), business collaborations across the world irrespective of the platforms in which applications were built. The underlying technology is Web Services which is based on XML standard and the architecture is SOA (Service Oriented Architecture). Many SOA frameworks came in to existence. However, their primary focus is discovering, composition of services in order to make flexible service oriented distributed enterprise applications. Such systems without human expertise may be incomplete. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes techniques to collaborate services based software with human experts thus forming a knowledge- intensive and people centric web besides sharing and reusing software components in distributed environment. To achieve this, we propose a flexible and adaptive approach which facilitates software services and humans to collaborate using Web Services and its important standards like SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), WSDL (Web Services Description Language) and UDDI (Universal Description Discovery Integration). This kind of human centric enterprise web has far reaching implications and it can attract the human experts to participate in rendering their best possible services. Interaction monitoring techniques that are adaptive thus realizing standards based people-centric systems. Index Terms: SOA, Web Services, human expertise provisioning, service adaptation

Integrated Design Supporting Business Model Stability

Enterprise JavaBeans(EJB) is Java’s component architecture for server-side distributed enterprise applications. The architecture of EJB applications is based on well-established solutions common to most distributed business systems. To utilize the architecture in an optimal way, we gave a layered and integrated optimization method based on mixed design patterns to reduce the coupling degree among tiers, classified the application architecture of the system. It reduced greatly the number of lookup JNDI and remote-calling, reduces the overhead of system and networks. It improve the extensibility and reusability of system. An example was given at last.

A Task-Type Aware Transaction Scheduling Algorithm in J2EE

J2EE is the primary middleware platform for distributed enterprise applications. Current J2EE (Java 2 platform enterprise edition) transaction scheduling to entity beans is still a simple First-Come First-Served (FCFS) policy. Due to this simple policy, transaction manager is unable to distinguish the key tasks from the trivial ones and the performance of the key tasks is reduced when the server’s load is heavy. Since some characteristics of J2EE middleware, the traditional scheduling algorithms can not be applied to J2EE directly. This paper puts forward a scheduling algorithm named TMPBP (threaded multi-queue priority-based protocol). The algorithm includes a heuristic priority assignment algorithm named HRS, which can recognize the key tasks dynamically. TMPBP improves the Quality of Service (QoS) of the key tasks effectively under heavy load. It is safe and has no starvation or priority inversion. The performance experiments indicate that a considerable improvement on QoS of key tasks has been achieved under the proper parameters of the algorithm.

An Investigation into the Application of Different Performance Prediction Methods to Distributed Enterprise Applications

Response time predictions for workload on new server architectures can enhance Service Level Agreement--based resource management. This paper evaluates two performance prediction methods using a distributed enterprise application benchmark. The historical method makes predictions by extrapolating from previously gathered performance data, while the layered queuing method makes predictions by solving layered queuing networks. The methods are evaluated in terms of: the systems that can be modelled; the metrics that can be predicted; the ease with which the models can be created and the level of expertise required; the overheads of recalibrating a model; and the delay when evaluating a prediction. The paper also investigates how a prediction-enhanced resource management algorithm can be tuned so as to compensate for predictive inaccuracy and balance the costs of SLA violations and server usage.

Decentralizing execution of composite web services

Distributed enterprise applications today are increasingly being built from services available over the web. A unit of functionality in this framework is a web service, a software application that exposes a set of "typed'' connections that can be accessed over the web using standard protocols. These units can then be composed into a <i>composite</i> web service. BPEL (Business Process Execution Language) is a high-level distributed programming language for creating composite web services. Although a BPEL program invokes services distributed over several servers, the <i>orchestration</i> of these services is typically under centralized control. Because performance and throughput are major concerns in enterprise applications, it is important to remove the inefficiencies introduced by the centralized control. In a distributed, or decentralized orchestration, the BPEL program is partitioned into independent sub-programs that interact with each other without any centralized control. Decentralization can increase parallelism and reduce the amount of network traffic required for an application. This paper presents a technique to partition a composite web service written as a single BPEL program into an equivalent set of decentralized processes. It gives a new code partitioning algorithm to partition a BPEL program represented as a program dependence graph, with the goal of minimizing communication costs and maximizing the <i>throughput</i> of multiple concurrent instances of the input program. In contrast, much of the past work on dependence-based partitioning and scheduling seeks to minimize the <i>completion time</i> of a single instance of a program running in isolation. The paper also gives a cost model to estimate the throughput of a given code partition.

A pattern-based J2EE application development environment

J2EE is Java's platform for building distributed enterprise applications. The platform takes advantage of a wide range of new and evolving technologies and has been enriched by proven design soluti...