Distinguished Scientific Research Articles

The Matter/Antimatter Issue

From the moment it was first proposed, the Big Bang model has faced serious problems of one form and another. Amongst these was the fact that it proposed an initial balance between matter and antimatter but no collections of antimatter were observed. Here, this problem is addressed yet again, drawing on earlier work by several distinguished scientists but also advancing ideas based on recent analyses that have revealed a new seventh scalar part to the electromagnetic field with positive and negative energy.

Arthur Conan Doyle in Mesmeric Edinburgh and Hypnotic London

Arthur Conan Doyle's spiritualist interests are often viewed today as idiosyncratic for a medical professional and anachronistic for the late Victorian era. However, historians of the era recognise that there was widespread fascination at this time in the possibility of communicating with the dead and the development of extraordinary mental powers like telepathy. Conan Doyle studied medicine in Edinburgh where the study of mesmerism and its role in therapy continued for much longer than the rest of Britain. The university and medical school produced most of the major names of British medical mesmerism including the physician James Braid, who coined the term hypnotism. By the late nineteenth century, there were many distinguished physicians and scientists who shared Conan Doyle's spiritualist views. The Society for Psychical Research (SPR) was the elite London association that investigated these possibilities using a scientific methodology. Hypnotism and the trance state were important tools in this study. Over the course of his thirty-six-year membership, Conan Doyle's convictions strengthened. The backdrop of Edinburgh and mesmerism is key to Conan Doyle's story ‘ John Barrington Cowles’ (1884) , while the scientific investigation of hypnotism described in The Parasite (1894) relies upon his experiences with London's SPR based in Dean's Yard, Westminster, and Hanover Square in Mayfair.

Transdiagnostic Approach May Benefit Patients With Sleep, Mood Disorders

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Clinical & ResearchFull AccessTransdiagnostic Approach May Benefit Patients With Sleep, Mood DisordersLynne LambergLynne LambergSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:21 Oct 2021https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2021.10.21AbstractA transdiagnostic approach could help clinicians more easily treat patients with diverse psychiatric disorders, especially in low-resource routine practice settings.iStock/ElveticaFocusing on commonalities across mental illnesses can hasten the application of advances made in one disorder to others, Allison G. Harvey, Ph.D., said at the 2021 virtual annual meeting of the Associated Professional Sleep Societies.Comorbidity among mental illnesses is the norm, not the exception, said Harvey, a professor of psychology and director of the Golden Bear Sleep and Mood Research Clinic at the University of California, Berkeley.Sleep and circadian disturbances commonly accompany mental illnesses, which affect 27% of the U.S. population each year, said Harvey. She received the Sleep Research Society’s 2021 Distinguished Scientist Award at the meeting for her career contributions to sleep and circadian science.People with bipolar disorder, for example, typically alternate between mania and depression. Sleep disturbance is the most common prodrome of mania and the sixth most common prodrome of depression. Sleep loss is highly correlated with daily manic symptoms and negative affect, Harvey said.Sleep and circadian disturbances contribute to interepisode dysfunction and foster difficulty regulating mood, she said, adding, “This vicious bidirectional cycle may confer a vulnerability to relapse.”Harvey’s group found variability in sleep and wake times of about three hours over the week in their secondary analysis of data from 2,024 individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder enrolled in a federally funded treatment study. These patients experienced a shift comparable to flying coast to coast across the United States and back again every week, Harvey said.People with bipolar disorder often had not only insomnia but also hypersomnia, short sleep, irregular bed and wake times, nightmares, nocturnal panic attacks, posttraumatic stress disorder, and/or long sleep inertia (long-lasting fogginess after awakening). The same problems affect people with anxiety, schizophrenia, and other mental illnesses, Harvey said, but often get little attention.Research on specific mental disorders has advanced the understanding of their etiology and persistence, as well as the ability to treat them, Harvey said. Hundreds of treatments for mental illnesses now exist, she said.This abundance puts a burden on clinicians in routine practice settings, such as community mental health centers, she said, as it requires them to learn multiple disorder-focused protocols with common theoretical underpinnings. There would be a substantial cost advantage to training psychiatrists and other health professionals in one treatment tactic they could adapt to treat patients with multiple sleep and circadian disorders and diverse mental illnesses. Harvey and colleagues call this transdiagnostic approach for sleep and circadian disorders TranS-C.Harvey’s group received a grant from the National Institute of Mental Health for a pilot study using cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) adapted for patients with both bipolar disorder and sleep or circadian disorders, including insomnia, hypersomnia, and delayed sleep phase disorder. The participants, all adults, continued to receive treatment as usual, that is, mood stabilizing medications prescribed by a psychiatrist.The researchers randomized patients to receive eight sessions of either the CBT-I modification (n=30) or psychoeducation (n=28). Patients in the CBT-I group learned, for example, why they should be exposed to light at certain times of day and avoid it at others, why and how to regularize daily schedules, how to get going in the morning, and how to reduce sleep-related worries. Those in the psychoeducation group received information on sleep, stress, mood, diet, yoga, meditation, and other health topics, but they were not asked to change their behavior or given instruction in any techniques.While sleep improved in both groups, it improved more in patients receiving CBT-I. At six-month follow-up, patients who had received CBT-I showed greater improvement in mood than those in the control group. They had lower relapse rates and spent fewer days in manic or hypomanic episodes.This and further studies suggest psychiatrists can apply TranS-C principles successfully in outpatient settings, including community mental health centers, to help patients with different mental illnesses, Harvey told Psychiatric News. ■“Implementing a Transdiagnostic Sleep and Circadian Intervention in a Community Mental Health Setting: A Qualitative Process Evaluation With Community Stakeholders” is posted here. ISSUES NewArchived

Line positions, intensities, and Einstein A coefficients for 3–0 band of 12C16O: A spectroscopy learning method* *Project supported by the Open Research Fund of Computational Physics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Yibin University (Grant No. YBXYJSWLZD- 2020-006), the Funds for Sichuan Distinguished Scientists of China (Grant Nos. 2019JDJQ0050 and 2019JDJQ0051), the National Natural Science Foundation ofChina (Grant Nos. 61722507 and

Based on the model- and data-driven strategy, a spectroscopy learning method that can extract the novel and hidden information from the line list databases has been applied to the R branch emission spectra of 3–0 band of the ground electronic state of 12C16O. The labeled line lists such as line intensities and Einstein A coefficients quoted in HITRAN2020 are collected to enhance the dataset. The quantified spectroscopy-learned spectroscopic constants is beneficial for improving the extrapolative accuracy beyond the measurements. Explicit comparisons are made for line positions, line intensities, Einstein A coefficients, which demonstrate that the model- and data-driven spectroscopy learning approach is a promising and an easy-to-implement strategy.

GENDER IMBALANCE IN THE FIELD OF PROVIDING FORENSIC SERVICES FOR JUSTICE: CURRENT SITUATION IN UKRAINE AND INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE

Abstract. The article is dedicated to the issue of gender inequality in general, and in particular in the field of forensic expert support of justice, including the problem of vertical segregation of labor in leadership positions in state specialized institutions of Ukraine. The article outlines possible reasons for the existence of gender imbalance in the form of vertical segregation of labor in leadership positions in the field of employment and in the field of forensic expert support of justice, as well as examples of gender inequality manifestations. An analysis of previous researches of distinguished women scientists and representatives of civil society institutions as to the problem of gender imbalance in the field of education, professional self-determination and career growth has been carried out. A specific focus is drawn to particular manifestations of gender imbalance in science. At the same time, the analysis of legal regulations of national and international significance on counteraction to gender inequality in different areas of public life has been considered. The activity of central executive agencies regarding advancement of women in society and influence of initiated programs on counteraction to gender imbalance in the field of forensic expert support of justice is studied. Statistics on manifestations of possible vertical segregation of labor in leadership positions in state specialized institutions of Ukraine is provided. Examples of international organizations which activity has a wide range of influence and the ones which activity is aimed at improving the state of women forensic experts in the field of forensic expert support are outlined. The experience of such organizations for preventing and overcoming gender imbalance, as well as specific proposals for solving this problem are taken into consideration.

Computational NMR of charged systems.

This review covers NMR computational aspects of charged systems-carbocations, heterocations, and heteroanions, which were extensively studied in a number of laboratories worldwide, first of all, at the Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute in California directed for several decades by a distinguished scientist, the Nobel laureate George Andrew Olah. The first part of the review briefly outlines computational background of the modern theoretical methods applied to the calculation of chemical shifts and spin-spin coupling constants at the DFT and the non-empirical levels. The second part of the review deals with the historical results, advances, and perspectives of the computational NMR of classical carbocations like methyl cation, CH3+ , and protonated methane, CH5+ , together with their numerous homologs and derivatives. The third and the forth parts of this survey are focused on the NMR computational aspects of accordingly, heterocations and heteroanions, the organic and inorganic ions with a charge localized mainly on heteroatoms like boron, oxygen, nitrogen, and heavier elements.

“Shovel-Ready”

“Shovel-Ready”

William "Bill" Joseph Whelan, D.Sc., FRS November 14, 1924 to June 5, 2021.

William "Bill" Joseph Whelan, D.Sc., FRS November 14, 1924 to June 5, 2021.

Standing with giants: W.J. Whelan, a catalyst for international cooperation via the Miami Winter Symposium and the IUBMB

The Miami Winter Symposium, now in its fifth decade, appeared with various names in its early offerings. Dr. William J. Whelan, Professor and Chairman of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine started the Symposium in 1967 and continued to organize the annual meeting for many years. In 1983, I relocated from Vanderbilt University, where I was Professor of Biochemistry, to the University of Miami as Director of an interdepartmental research and clinical group, taking my primary faculty appointment in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Working with Dr. Whelan and others on the Organizing Committee for the 1986 Miami Winter Symposium, I recommended my friend and former colleague at Vanderbilt University, the late Dr. Stanley Cohen, for the Feodor Lynen Lecture. This proposal was met with enthusiasm by the Organizing Committee, as was the suggestion by Dr. Whelan that Drs. Herbert W. Boyer of the University of California at San Francisco and Stanley N. Cohen of Stanford University be co-recipients of the Symposium's Distinguished Service Award. It was a memorable meeting, and, when rummaging through some old files that somehow had survived laboratory and home moves, I found two poignant photographs taken at a 1986 Symposium reception. In Figure 1, I am shown with Drs. Whelan, Boyer, and Stanley N. Cohen, and Figure 2 captures Dr. Boyer flanked by the two Stanley Cohens. If I remember correctly, this was the first meeting of the Vanderbilt and the Stanford Stanley Cohens. Of note, the “Vanderbilt Stanley Cohen” is holding his signature corncob pipe. The work of Dr. Whelan and the three distinguished scientists honored at the 1986 Miami Winter Symposium was at the forefront in broadening the burgeoning field of biochemistry and extending it to include genetic engineering and molecular & cell biology. Their pioneering concepts and applications remain in wide use today. The impact of these four individuals on the life sciences and biomedicine has been immense, and over the years this foursome garnered many prestigious awards. To name but a few of these recognitions, Herbert Boyer, Stanley Cohen, and Stanley N. Cohen each received a National Medal of Science Award, and each was recognized with an Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research. In addition, Herbert Boyer was a co-founder of Genentech, a highly successful biotech company. The Vanderbilt Stanley Cohen received the Fred Conrad Koch Award of the Endocrine Society and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine the same year he gave the Feodor Lynen Lecture in Miami, the Nobel Prize being shared with his former collaborator, Dr. Rita Levi-Montalcini. Bill Whelan was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, was an honorary Member of the Royal College of Physicians of London, became a Fellow of the American Association of Academic Scientists, and received an honorary DSc. degree from La Trobe University, Australia. Complementing his leadership role in the annual Miami Winter Symposium and his original research on the importance of glycogenin as a primer for the initiation of glycogen synthesis, Bill was also effective in integrating biochemistry at the international level and serving as the founder and leading force of a number of biochemistry journals and societies. These accomplishments included: service as the first Editor-in-Chief of the FASEB Journal, BioEssays, and Trends in Biochemical Sciences; Founding Editor of FEBS Letters; Executive Editor of Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics; Editorial Board Member of the Biochemical Journal; cofounder and First Secretary General of FEBS and PAABS; General Secretary and President of the IUBMB; and founder and, along with Dr. Angelo Azzi, co-Editor-in-Chief of IUBMB Life, the latter being a position he held from 2000 to 2020.1 Without question, in addition to being an outstanding biochemist, Dr. Whelan was a quintessential catalyst in promoting not only biochemistry and the burgeoning field of molecular biology, but also the international cooperation of life scientists. Each of these biochemists and molecular biologists continued their groundbreaking research for many years following the 1986 Symposium. It was a pleasure for me, as a mid-career scientist, to have had the unique opportunity to be in the company of such accomplished individuals; indeed, these were an “awesome foursome.” The author declares no conflict of interest.

Preface

Asian Physics Symposium has been started since 2005, which is the extension of the annual meeting named Annual Physics Seminar since 2001. Motivated by the encouraging results of and responses to those events, we have decided to continue this meeting this year. The 8th Asian Physics Symposium (APS 2019) held on October 3-4, 2019 in East & West Hall Buildings, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesa 10 Bandung, Indonesia.This meeting is aimed at providing the much-needed forum of scientific communication and interaction among distinguished scientists working in the field physics and related fields. In turn, the seminar on the latest research results will present the state-of-the-art development in the field and help to chart our future research directions. This event is also designed to offer the opportunity of making direct contacts for the young Indonesian scientists and students with well-known scientists abroad, and thereby fostering the existing research collaborations and extending international research networking for the future.The conference scopes are Theoretical High Energy Physics, Materials Sciences and Technology, Biophysics and Medical Physics, Nuclear Science and Engineering, Earth and Planetary Sciences, Computational Physics, Instrumentation and Measurement, Interdisciplinary Physics and Physics Education.The conference consists of four plenary sessions from keynote and invited speakers, followed by nine parallel sessions during these two days conference. Each invited speaker delivered the speech within 45 minutes including question and answer session in plenary sessions. For parallel sessions, the time for speakers are 15 minutes including question and answer sessions. Plenary sessions were conducted in plenary hall room and parallel sessions were in five parallel rooms available. About more than 70 abstracts presented in the conference with about 28 final papers as selected papers after reviewing process will be submitted to Institute of Physics (IoP) Conference Series.Finally, on behalf of the organizer and advisory board, we would like to express my sincere appreciation and gratitude to all of authors during the conference and publication processes for their valuable contributions and to the members of the committee, reviewers, and advisors for their excellent works in preparing and finalizing this document. We apologize for any inconveniences for this long process of publication due to our conditions and some restrictions as well as some difficulties during COVID 19 pandemic for finalizing the publication process.List of Organizer, International Advisor, Editorial Board, Contact are available in this pdf.

Yingying (Jennifer) Chen [Women in networks

As the Editor-in-Chief of IEEE Network, I am pleased to announce the new column, “Women in Networks”. Computer communications and networking have made tremendous advancements in the past 20 years. They have become the backbone for many mobile, edge, and IoT devices that we interact with and utilize in our work and throughout our daily lives. This great technology's convenience in today's life is all owed to the researchers and engineers who diligently work in the networking community. Among them, women who work in the computer communications and networking areas have made invaluable contributions to technology advancements. This new column, “Women in Networks”, aims to introduce distinguished female researchers, engineers, and educators who have been actively working and dedicating themselves in the research and development of computer communications and networking domain. I hope their stories will make people more aware of the unique contributions coming from these dedicated female researchers and engineers. I also hope young female students and researchers will be intrigued to work in the exciting information technology domain and contribute to reshaping future technology. In this inaugural issue of the new column, I would like to introduce Dr. Yingying (Jennifer) Chen. Dr. Chen will serve as the Editor of this new column. She will collect and tell you the stories of many distinguished female scientists and engineers in this exciting area.

The Album of Library Universe

Review of the book: Eduard R. Sukiasyan. The Library. Book. Reader : selected articles of 2005–2020 / E. R. Sukiasyan. − St. Petersburg : Professija, 2020. − 480 p. [In Russian].The reviewer considers the book to be the Album of Library Universe. i.e. of the world of book culture of modern Russia. Eduard R. Sukiasyan is a distinguished library scientist. In his book, he openly shares his sincere thoughts on cultural and philosophical problems and paradigms, his reminiscences, practical experience and social emotions. The articles are united by the principle of noospheric humanism characteristic to library humanistic, devoted and enlightened library consciousness. In conclusion, the reviewer analyzes the relationship between the Library Universe and Russia’s national goals.

Duncan Joseph Greenwood. 16 October 1932—13 February 2010

During his 55-year career as a highly distinguished scientist, Duncan Greenwood made a major contribution to the field of soil science and plant nutrition. His early studies on soil aeration revolutionized thinking on the mechanisms by which oxygen influences the activity of microorganisms and their metabolism of organic substances in structured soil. His ideas resulted in the ‘micro-site concept of soil aeration’, which is still widely accepted today. Later he turned his attention to the nutritional requirements of vegetable crops at a time when the horticultural industry was starting to introduce inorganic fertilizers. He developed a novel static model of N, P and K response, which he used to produce the first scientifically based inorganic fertilizer recommendations for 23 different vegetable crops. Not satisfied with this major development, Duncan started to create more sophisticated dynamic models using novel widely applicable relationships that took more account of the effects of weather on nutrient behaviour in the soil and plant. He not only used these to provide important insights into many of the complex interacting processes involved, but also incorporated them into some of the first computer-based decision support systems for practical site-specific fertilizer advice for the vegetable growing industry. The application of these advances had an important effect on the efficiency of crop production and the reduction of associated environmental impacts. Duncan continued to devise new models for nutrient and water use throughout the rest of his career and to explore ways of applying them in different areas of soil and crop science.

La contemporanéité de Pierre Janet

Pierre Janet's work must be absolutely revisited, in particular the distinction between feelings and emotions, subconscious and unconscious, impulse and drive; moreover, the details given by this distinguished scientist on fatigue, neurosis, perception, the relationship to reality, dissociation, multiple personalities, seem to be always or even increasingly relevant. This is why it is once again time to familiarize oneself with his multifaceted approach.

İNGİLİS VƏ AZƏRBAYCAN DİLİNDƏ FRAZEOLOJİ SİNONİMLƏRİN TƏSNİFATI

The presented article deals with the classification of English synonyms. The notion of phraseology is wide.Here concepts of some distinguished scientists are presented in the given article. Phraseology (from Greek φράσις phrasis, "way of speaking" and -λογία -logia, "study of") is a scholarly approach to language which developed in the twentieth century. It took its start when Charles Bally's notion of locutions phraseologiques entered Russian lexicology and lexicography in the 1930s and 1940s and was subsequently developed in the former Soviet Union and other Eastern European countries. From the late 1960s on it established itself in (East) German linguistics but was also sporadically approached in English linguistics. The earliest English adaptations of phraseology are by Weinreich (1969) within the approach of transformational grammar, Arnold (1973), and Lipka. In Great Britain as well as other Western European countries, phraseology has steadily been developed over the last twenty years. The activities of the European Society of Phraseology (EUROPHRAS) and the European Association for Lexicography (EURALEX) with their regular conventions and publications attest to the prolific European interest in phraseology. European scholarship in phraseology is more active than in North America. Bibliographies of recent studies on English and general phraseology are included in Welte (1990) and specially collected in Cowie & Howarth (1996) whose bibliography is reproduced and continued on the internet and provides a rich source of the most recent publications in the field. Key words: phraseology,synonym,language,linguistics,scientist

Avgustin de Betankur — ministr transporta Rossijskoj imperii

The publication, based on archival and published materials, presents the activities of a distinguished scientist, mechanical engineer, Spaniard by origin, lieutenant general in the Russian service Augustine Augustinovich Betancourt as Chief Director of the Ways of Communication of the Russian Empire in 1819-1822. Augustine de Betancourt was an inspector (rector) of the Institute of Communications Engineers, a member of the Council of The Corps of Engineers of The Ways of Communication, and the Chief Specialist on transport infrastructure development in Russia. His observations, solutions, proposals, initiatives were distinguished by practicality, systemicity, strategic approach to transport development problems. Unfortunately, a number of innovative ideas of A. Betancourt did not receive support and, strangely enough, remains relevant after two hundred years.

R-branch high-lying transition emission spectra of SbNa molecule* *Project supported by the Sichuan Education Department Project, China (Grant No. 17ZA0369), the Fund for Sichuan Distinguished Scientists of China (Grant Nos. 2019JDJQ0050 and 2019JDJQ0051), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61722507 and 11904295), and the State Key Laboratory Open Fund of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Laser

The calculation results of the R-branch transition emission spectra of (0–0) band of the A 2 1 → X 2 1 transition system of SbNa molecule are presented in this paper. These R-branch high-lying transitional emission spectral lines are predicted by using the difference converging method (DCM). Our results show excellent agreement between DCM spectral lines and the experimental values, and the deviations are controlled within 0.0224 cm−1. What is more, based on the principle of over-determined linear equations, the prediction error is quantified in this work, which provides reliable theoretical support for our predicted DCM calculations. This work provides a lot of useful information for understanding the microstructure of SbNa molecule.

The 75th birthday of Professor Tadeusz Kudra

This year marks the 75th birthday of Professor Tadeusz Kudra, a well-recognized distinguished scientist in chemical engineering with over fifty years of academic and practical experience in drying ...

2020 AGU Section Awardees and Named Lecturers

Eighty-five distinguished scientists receive accolades from groups representing their disciplines within AGU, the world’s largest Earth and space science society.

Communication barriers between basic scientists and clinicians in regenerative medicine: A qualitative study from Iran.

Cell-based therapeutics are among the latest advances in health care technologies. The rapid evolution of stem cell science in Iran has necessitated the application of scientific achievements in clinical settings. However, various issues hindered their translation, in particular, impediments in the interactions of basic stem cell scientists and clinicians. We highlighted the impediments in the interactions of stem cell scientists and physicians involved in the opinion of professionals from both groups. This qualitative research was conducted with thematic analysis, performed by purposive sampling. Thirty-two distinguished stem cell scientists and clinicians were interviewed to identify their perspectives on this matter. MAXQDA 2018 was used to classify the axial codes based on factors related to communications inefficiencies. The analysis of coded data recognized 18 subthemes and six major themes. Central themes include different registers of the two parties, counterproductive clusters hampered networking, external communication barriers, the competition to access resources, leadership conflicts, and the dissatisfaction of stakeholders with their share. Most of the impediments were seemingly global, for example, the incoherent medical and basic science educational systems, the vulnerable career path of physician-scientists, and an increasing tendency towards overspecialization. However, some local specific issues were also described, for example, limited funding opportunities and the negative impacts of the division of medical education from the ministry of science, research, and technology in Iran. Proposed interventions include the reinforcement of physician-scientist programs, designing a distributed leadership model, and bringing back the scientific integrity to higher education in Iran.