Distinct Meanings Research Articles

Fenomena Gerakan Indonesia Tanpa Pacaran Sebagai Kelompok Sub-Culture Aktivisme Keagamaan

Since its establishment in 2019, the Indonesia Without Dating Movement has been fervently campaigning against the perceived negative consequences of dating and early marriage, positioning it as an absolute solution. La Ode Munafar, the founder and leader, along with the followers of this movement, appear actively engaged in voicing their opinions on the prohibition of dating through social media. The methodology employed involves content analysis of social media publications and coverage from various online media outlets. Recent developments indicate the emergence of controversial subcultural activism within the Indonesia Without Dating Movement, demonstrating symptoms of religious activism. This research reveals several characteristics of subculture within the Indonesia Without Dating Movement, portraying it as a religious activism group. These characteristics include the diffusion network among movement members, a shared identity, the exchange of distinctive meanings, resistance, and marginalization.

Collocations of fictive motion verbs in adventure tourism

Abstract This paper investigates the collocations produced by a set of fictive motion verbs found in a specialized corpus representing the language of adventure tourism. Since our ultimate aim is to contribute to the characterization of this specialized language, we defined two specific objectives: (1) to analyze the motion verbs and their meanings extracted from the Advencor corpus, and (2) to identify the collocates of these verbs as well as the semantic roles they express. After the application of our methodology, eight motion verbs produced 35 collocations satisfying all the established criteria. The results focus on different aspects: (1) the verbs convey distinct meanings, such as motion on a vertical axis or direction towards a destination; (2) the most recurrent combination is noun + verb, where the former describes the inanimate entity that seems to perform motion; (3) collocation production and collocation strength are not correlated; and (4) the collocates accompanying the verbs under analysis shed light on the argument structure of these verbs, for they represent one of the participants. In conclusion, this work provides relevant information about the phraseology of fictive motion verbs in the language of adventure tourism and proves the specialization of this domain.

Islamic mysticism and transliminality: Factor and network analysis in Iranian Muslim students

The layered hierarchy model of mysticism recognizes the unitary core present in monistic mysticism, while also acknowledging the diverse range of experiences influenced by religious principles and individual dispositions. Within Islamic mysticism, these elements are encapsulated, emphasizing a tripartite synergy involving inner knowledge of the divine unity, adherence to religious codes of conduct, and the pathway that connects exoteric actions to esoteric truths. This study delves into these complexities by examining transliminality in a sample of 1033 Iranian Muslim students. Factor analysis and exploratory graph analysis revealed three factors underlying the revised transliminality scale, each with distinct meanings. The mysticism factor demonstrated support for Islamic religiosity and spirituality, aligning with integrative self-regulation as a Muslim ideal. Conversely, the hyperesthesia factor was incongruent with these ideals, exhibiting affective maladaptation. The absorption factor was uniquely linked to creative disposition while also indicating aspects of personality and affective maladaptation. These results underscore the intricacies within both Islamic mysticism and the transliminality construct, encouraging further exploration into the intricate interplay between mysticism, transliminality, and the rich tapestry of Islamic spirituality.

La critique du texte du Digeste à l’université de Bologne au XIIe et au début du XIIIe siècle. Le cas des commentaires sur D. 34.5.13.3

Seven commentaries on D. 34.5.13.3 are examined, for the most part from the text found by the author in six codices written at the turn of the 13th century. The fugitive notice of Rogerius (d. around 1162) provoked attempts to correct the paragraph of the Digest and gave rise to a whole series of commentaries in the form of glosses, but also more developed commentaries, that of Ioannes Bassianus taking the form of a treatise. The Roman jurist has dealt in the paragraph with two variants of one and the same stipulation. Except for Bassianus, the medieval commentators could not understand the meaning of a fine distinction between these variants, and they were seduced by Rogerius’s idea that the elimination of the negative particle, employed in each of these variants, would have given an alternative character to two similar formulas of stipulation, by giving more movement and vigour to the thought of the Roman author. Rogerius wrote his entry in the first person. Next to this notice lies its paraphrase, written in the third person, probably by Placentin (d. between 1180 and 1192), Rogerius’ successor at the legal school of Provence. An interesting discussion focused on this paraphrase. The crux of the dispute was whether the negative particle should be eliminated in the first or second stipulation formula. In the heat of the discussion, the faithful followers of Bassianus, Hugolinus and Nicholas the Furious, largely ignored their master’s opinion.

An Interpretable Aerodynamic Identification Model for Hypersonic Wind Tunnels

Aerodynamic identification accuracy is one of the key factors determining the success or failure of hypersonic aircraft development. However, the inertial force (mid-frequency) generated by the shock flow and the instrument noise (high-frequency) introduced by the acquisition equipment seriously affect the identification accuracy. To address this challenge, first, a convolutional neural network is introduced to filter out high-frequency noise, and the influence of kernel size on feature extraction ability is discussed. Second, a dense block with adaptive EMD, which filters out inertial force component, alleviates the dependence of the model on the number of samples, and gives a distinct physical meaning to the output of each layer, is proposed. Based on the above research, an aerodynamic identification model based on a large convolutional kernel and dense block (AI-LSK&DB) is proposed. Wind tunnel experimental results show that the identification accuracy, robustness, and stability of AI-LSK&DB are significantly improved compared with those of frequency domain models and deep learning models.

An assay for aryl radicals using BHAS coupling.

Aryl radicals are intermediates in many reactions, but determining their presence unambiguously is often challenging. As we recently reported, reaction of 2-iodo-1,3-dimethylbenzene (7) in benzene with KOtBu and a suitable organic additive, leads to a base-induced homolytic aromatic substitution (BHAS) coupling reaction giving 2,6-dimethylbiphenyl (12) and biphenyl (3) as coupled products, together with xylene (13). In this case, biphenyl arises from a radical translocation and is the major coupling product. This paper now quantitatively investigates that reaction, which shows a very similar ratio for 3 : 12 [ca. 4 : 1] when using different sources of radical initiation. Deuterium isotope studies provide detailed mechanistic support for the proposed mechanism; when carried out in C6D6vs. C6H6, the reaction is characterised by a strong isotope effect for formation of 3-d10vs. 3, but not for formation of 12-d5vs. 12. These distinctive properties mean that the transformation can act as an assay for aryl radicals. An advantage of such a BHAS process is its sensitivity, since it involves a chain reaction that can amplify radical activity.

Investigating Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE): A Comparative Study on the Views of Trained and Untrained Early Years Teachers in Karachi, Pakistan

Introduction: Research investigates into the nuanced setting of Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) perspectives, comparing Trained and Untrained Teachers alongside individuals with an ECCE Perspective. The study aims to unravel the impact of formal training and personal experiences on teachers' understanding of ECCE, providing insights into the dynamics shaping early childhood education. Methodology: A survey research design was employed, encompassing 90 participants, including Trained and Untrained Teachers. The study utilized a questionnaire and one-sample t-tests for quantitative analysis. Descriptive statistics illuminated mean perspectives, while reliability was assessed through Cronbach's Alpha. The research explored demographic variables, teacher training, and ECCE perspectives to capture a holistic view of the participants. Results/Findings: Descriptive analyses revealed similar mean perspectives between Trained and Untrained Teachers, suggesting training may not significantly impact perceptions. However, individuals with an ECCE Perspective exhibited a distinctive lower mean score, emphasizing the influence of personal experiences. Reliability analyses indicated consistent internal validity in the measurement tools. Future Direction/Implication: Future research should qualitatively explore specific training components influencing perspectives, consider longitudinal studies, and expand the comparative analysis to diverse cultural contexts. Intervention programs blending theoretical knowledge and experiential learning are recommended, along with policy considerations for a balanced teacher education approach. Embracing a multi-faceted exploration of ECCE perspectives ensures continuous improvement in early childhood education practices.

“You Didn’t Have to Pay Me”: The Meanings of Monetary Incentives in Interview Research

This paper explores the social meanings of monetary research incentives and the ramifications of their use in interview research. I argue that monetary incentives produce complex social meanings that significantly and diversly shape the relationship between interview researchers and participants and, as such, impact the types and volume of data that interviews produce. I discuss three distinct social meanings that emerged in my qualitative research interviews with forty-four low-wage freelance refugee interpreters in Canada. First, I show that in research with low-income workers, incentives can be interpreted as symbols of cross-class allyship that place the researcher in trusting and highly cooperative relationships of solidarity with participants. Second, the use of research incentives may also, and somewhat paradoxically, deepen socio-economic hierarchies by placing researchers and participants in relations resembling those between employers and employees. Third, research incentives may also be used by participants to resist social hierarchies and establish relations of benevolent and charitable equivalence in the interview encounter. Thus, the various social meanings of monetary incentives are productive of distinct interpersonal dynamics that shape the process of data collection as well as recruitment.

Nested Realities: Deciphering the Matryoshka Doll Narrative Structure in David Mitchell’s Cloud Atlas

Drawing inspiration from the layers of a Matryoshka doll, David Mitchell’s Cloud Atlas is a rich and complex narrative tapestry made up of six separates but connected storylines. Mitchell, a well-known British novelist, exhibits extraordinary talent in fusing a variety of genres, eras, and characters such that each story has its own distinct voice and meaning. This study offers evidence of the existence of a narrative framework akin to a Matryoshka doll, in which each story enhances and adds to the overall narrative, through a thorough examination of the novel’s structure and subject matter. The investigation also looks at the theme of reincarnation, as it is represented by the six protagonists of the book having entwined destinies. This analysis provides a deeper understanding of the complex layers of meaning embedded within Mitchell’s narrative landscape by drawing parallels between the title Cloud Atlas and its metaphorical associations with the human soul and Earth.

A comparative study of online gaming between high-performing and low-performing students—A case from China

Children are a nation's future. In the digital era, online gaming has become deeply ingrained in the lives of children, significantly impacting them. Thus, comprehensively examining this situation is imperative. However, the existing research has predominantly focused on analyzing online gaming among underachieving students. This narrow focus has magnified the negative implications of gaming among this group while overlooking the underlying structural realities. To address this, in contrast to prior studies emphasizing underachieving students' gaming behavior, this paper takes a holistic and group-specific approach. Based on academic performance and using purposive sampling, 35 participants (18 students, 12 parents, and 5 teachers) were selected for a comprehensive investigation. This study compares the gaming behavior, significance, external assessments, and the urban–rural and socioeconomic factors associated with underachieving and high-achieving students. The study reveals stark differences in gaming behavior between the two groups. Underachieving students tend to engage in excessive gaming, whereas their high-achieving counterparts exhibit more moderate gaming habits. Further analysis uncovers distinct meanings associated with online gaming for these two groups. Underachieving students' gaming patterns align with the established theory of compensatory gaming, fulfilling their lack of achievement and meaning in real life. Conversely, high-achieving students conform to the enrichment theory, viewing gaming as a means to enrich their learning and overall lives, rather than a substitute for what is lacking. The disparity in gaming behavior is further amplified by the differential evaluations provided by parents and teachers. Moreover, this study underscores the deeper structural distinctions between these two groups rooted in urban–rural backgrounds and family education.

Analysis of the primary factors influencing donor derived cell-free DNA testing in kidney transplantation.

The donor-derived cell-free DNA (ddcfDNA) is found in the plasma and urine of kidney transplant recipients and displays notable potential in diagnosing rejection, specifically antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR). Nonetheless, the quantitative methods of ddcfDNA lacking standardization and diverse detection techniques can impact the test outcomes. Besides, both the fraction and absolute values of ddcfDNA have been reported as valuable markers for rejection diagnosis, but they carry distinct meanings and are special in various pathological conditions. Additionally, ddcfDNA is highly sensitive to kidney transplant injury. The various sampling times and combination with other diseases can indeed impact ddcfDNA detection values. This review comprehensively analyses the various factors affecting ddcfDNA detection in kidney transplantation, including the number of SNPs and sequencing depths. Furthermore, different pathological conditions, distinct sampling time points, and the presence of complex heterologous signals can influence ddcfDNA testing results in kidney transplantation. The review also provides insights into ddcfDNA testing on different platforms along with key considerations.

Difficulties in Translating and Employing Word Collocation for Undergraduate Students at Al-Baha University

The point of the study is to assess the difficulties that Al-Baha University undergraduate students face in implementing word collocation. The study aims to demonstrate how collocation was used in translations by thirty Arabian bilingual undergraduates in a translation class, as well as to identify barriers to using collocation with participants translating text during the fall semester of the 2020–2021 academic years. The descriptive analytical method was used in this study. In this research, descriptive and analytical methodologies are used. The research utilized 20 Arabic sentence exams to outline the research topic, and the 30 second-tier degree students, currently studying English at Al-Baha University in Beljurshi, participated. According to the data, students failed to translate word collocations because they employed the word-for-word translation technique, not comprehending that any word paired with another results in a distinct meaning of the collocation, a lack of social and cultural information in the language, and an inadequate awareness of each other. This is due to the variety of meanings of the same term in a language other than the mother tongue. There are many meanings in English, making collocation translation difficult, and students' ignorance of the differences between Arabic and an English collocation is blamed for the difficulties in translating collocations. Collocations that were not covered by the study, such as countable noun collocations, sound collocations, and simile collocations, should be researched further.

Boxing metaphors in political discourse: A quantitative corpus-based study

This paper utilizes the cognitive theory of metaphor and a corpus-based methodology to investigate the prevalent usage of metaphorical expressions derived from boxing terminology in the domain of politics. The objective is to identify and analyze the boxing metaphors that are commonly employed in political discourse. The findings of this study demonstrate the existence of boxing metaphors that exhibit strong or loose associations with the political domain. These metaphors possess distinct figurative meanings, originate from diverse metaphorical mappings, and serve multiple functions within the realm of political discourse.

Heterogeneity in glycaemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A latent class trajectory analysis of Danish nationwide data.

Suboptimal glycaemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes is prevalent and associated with increased risk of diabetes-related complications and mortality later in life. First, we aimed to identify distinct glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) trajectories in children and adolescents (2-19 years) with type 1 diabetes. Second, we examined their associations with clinical and socio-demographic factors. Data were obtained from the Danish Registry of Childhood and Adolescent Diabetes (DanDiabKids) comprising all Danish children and adolescents diagnosed with type 1 diabetes from 1996 to 2019. Subgroups of distinct mean trajectories of HbA1c were identified using data-driven latent class trajectory modelling. A total of 5889 children (47% female) had HbA1c measured a median of 6 times (interquartile range 3-8) and contributing to 36,504 measurements. We identified four mean HbA1c trajectories, referred to as 'Stable but elevated HbA1c' (83%), 'Increasing HbA1c' (5%), 'Late HbA1c peak' (7%), and 'Early HbA1c peak' (5%). Compared to the 'Stable but elevated HbA1c' group, the three other groups presented rapidly deteriorating glycaemic control during late childhood or adolescence, had higher HbA1c at study entry, and included fewer pump users, higher frequency of inadequate blood glucose monitoring, more severe hypoglycaemic events, lower proportions with Danish origin, and worse educational status of parents. The groups also represented significant differences by healthcare region. Children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes experience heterogenous trajectories with different timings and magnitudes of the deterioration of HbA1c levels, although the majority follow on average a stable, yet elevated HbA1c trajectory. The causes and long-term health implications of these heterogenous trajectories need to be addressed.

Unravelling the Drought Variance Using Machine Learning Methods in Six Capital Cities of Australia

Understanding and projecting drought, especially in the face of climate change, is crucial for assessing its impending risks. However, the causes of drought are multifaceted. As the environmental research paradigm pivots towards machine learning (ML) for predictions, our investigation contrasted multiple ML techniques to simulate the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) from 2009 to 2022, utilizing various potential evapotranspiration (PET) methods. Our primary focus was Australia, the world’s driest inhabited continent. Given the challenges with ML model interpretation, SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values were employed to decipher SPEI variations and to gauge the relative importance of precipitation (Prec) and PET in six key Australian cities. Our findings revealed that while different PET methods resulted in distinct mean values, their trends remained consistent. Post the Millennium Drought, Australia experienced several drought events. SPEI discrepancies based on PET methods were minimal in humid regions like Brisbane and Darwin. However, for arid cities, the Priestley–Taylor equation-driven SPEI differed notably from other methods. Ridge regression was the most adept at mirroring SPEI changes among the assessed ML models. Furthermore, the SHAP explainer discerned that PET-related climate variables had a greater impact on SPEI in drier cities, whereas in humid cities, Prec was more influential. Notably, the research emphasised CO2′s role in influencing drought dynamics in humid cities. These insights are invaluable for enhancing drought mitigation strategies and refining predictive models. Such revelations are crucial for stakeholders aiming to improve drought prediction and management, especially in drought-prone regions like Australia.

Profile of Short Vowel ‘A’ in Japanese Language that Determines the Meaning as Pronounced by University Students in Indonesia

The research discussed that certain sounds, like the short vowel ‘a’, which was entirely different from the long vowel ‘a’, were specific to Japanese and had distinct meanings from those of Indonesian. As a result, 60 students majoring in Japanese language instruction from six Indonesian universities were interviewed face-to-face and recorded. Native speakers of the Japanese language were requested to record their voices using the short vowel ‘a’ as the students’ sound reference. After that, the students were asked to identify and produce the short vowel ‘a’. PRAAT was then used to analyze the students’ recordings. Additionally, the students’ sounds were contrasted with those of Japanese native speakers. The spectrogram analysis clearly shows that students are still having trouble telling the difference between the long vowel ‘a’ (OBAASAN) and the short vowel ‘a’ (OBAASAN) because they produce significantly longer short vowels ‘a’ that are almost as long as double vowel ‘a’. This is highly likely to occur since Japanese language learners are not taught to deliberately recognize the distinct sounds, such as the long and short vowels ‘a’, that distinguish the language’s meanings. In addition, their low frequency and energy density of pronunciation of the short vowel ‘a’ suggest they are less confident in their pronunciation.

‘Listen Very Carefully, We Will Say This Only Once (Again)’ Dead Ends to Politicisation in Social Work

Abstract This article explores the significance of politicisation in social work and its role in challenging power dynamics and promoting transformative change. It is viewed as a means to challenge established power structures, raise awareness of issues and engage in political action. Three pitfalls are identified in the way politicisation is conceptualised and used. First, there is a tendency to define politicisation too broadly. The authors assert that politicisation should involve challenging the existing system rather than merely making modifications. Secondly, the belief in consensus thinking about democracy is criticised, as it overlooks power imbalances inherent in politics. The authors advocate for an agonistic politics approach, where ideological opponents engage in a struggle over competing values and interests within a shared democratic space. Lastly, the adoption of subpolitics as a politicising strategy, which focuses on individual actions, is deemed inadequate as it often fails to address structural inequalities. Instead, the authors propose prefigurative politics, which involves creating concrete collective interventions that anticipate and embody a different society in the present. In conclusion, this article underscores the importance of understanding its distinct meaning and strategies. The authors suggest agonistic and prefigurative politics as a promising framework for politicising practices in social work.

Electrocoagulation Technique for Treating Swine Slaughterhouse Wastewater from Batch to Semicontinuous Operation Mode

In this study, industrial swine slaughterhouse wastewater was treated by electrocoagulation process using batch and semicontinuous operation systems. Electrochemical technique was carried out in batch operation mode during 2.5 h applying different current densities in sulfate and chloride media. After finding the best operating parameters in batch mode (lab-scale), the process was transferred to a semicontinuous pre-pilot scale process using a filter-press FM01-LC type electrochemical reactor fitted with flat plate aluminum electrodes. In this stage, distinct current densities and mean linear flow rates were assessed.Total organic carbon, chemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and potassium among other parameters were analyzed during both treatments. The industrial swine slaughterhouse wastewater contained TOC 333 mg L–1, COD 1765 mg L–1, TP 13.55 mg L–1, TN 327 mg L–1, K 45 mg L–1, turbidity 102 NTU, color –absorbance 0.90 A.U. at 415 nm–, conductivity 1.9 mS cm–1, and pH 6.9. The highest TOC removal efficiency (72.7%), in semicontinuous process, was found at j = 25 mA cm-2 and ur = 0.64 cm s-1 with an energy consumption of 19.80 kW h m-3. Residual COD and TP concentrations met the international standard limits. Moreover, complete discoloration and disinfection were achieved. EDXRF, SEM, EDAX, XRD, and FTIR analyzes indicate pollutants were removed by adsorption on aluminum/iron hydroxides/oxyhydroxides.

Text]uring: writing through fashion for a new literacies dissertation

The term 'literacy' encompasses reading and writing practices, each with distinct meanings and histories. Scholars define individuals as 'literate' or 'illiterate' based on these practices, a point not to be taken lightly. New literacies studies have expanded literacy from print to encompass all forms of meaning-making, leading to an expansion of associated terminology. In American higher education, despite the expanded meanings of terms like 'writing' and 'text,' the term 'research' remains dominated by written language, even within dedicated disciplines (Coiro et al. 2008; New London Group 1996; Wilber 2008). Through a cultural studies perspective, I traced the historical evolution of American literacy to the present day. The study revealed darker consequences of literacy's past, providing insights for scholars to understand silenced voices and advocate for their inclusion in the future. Given the ever-expanding practices of literacy, the need for increased attention to writing instruction, and the problematic otherness of arts-based disciplines such as fashion, my goal is to broaden the range of accepted scholarly compositions in higher education. I believe this pursuit is key to the advancement of academic research publications. To address this paradox, I actively embraced new literacy practices by creating a dissertation supported by Barone & Eisner’s (2012) concept of arts based research. Drawing on my experiences in the industry, I sought to challenge views of fashion as frivolous by writing my dissertation in the language of dress, offering a new perspective on the interwovenness of literacy and fashion. My dissertation argues that fashion is a form of writing by exploring nonverbal communication in scholarly work. This move reconciled the perceived frivolity with the substantive nature of fashion and ignited my commitment to the acceptance of research in diverse language forms.

The selection of genres and forms in audiovisual art for the recording and artistic reinterpretation of wartime themes

The article studies the representation of war-related themes in cinematography, the selection of audiovisual forms and genres for their expression, and analyzes the influence of war on the development of art in historical and contemporary contexts. An attempt is made to systematize thematic components that filmmakers can use to create audiovisual works about contemporary war events in Ukraine.
 The purpose of the article is to explore the issue of choosing cinematic forms that allow for emotional proximity of the audience to the experience of traumatic wartime events. Additionally, it involves an analysis of the differences in approaches to handling war-related themes in art depending on the temporal distance between the creators and the events. The study draws upon the findings of previous research related to the concept of “postmemory” and examines how this concept can be applied to the development of contemporary cinema by Ukrainian directors.
 The methodology of the research is conducted through a system-oriented analysis and comparison of various forms and genres of screen arts, each of which possesses distinct means of expression for exploring central topics (narrative and documentary cinema, short and feature films, portrait films, and docudramas).
 The scientific novelty of the study lies in the attempt to apply international experience in analyzing the representation of traumatic wartime experiences in works of art, with the aim of projecting the application of these practices in the Ukrainian artistic context.
 The results. The depiction of war themes in art serves as a significant tool for preserving and transmitting traumatic emotional memories across generations. It is precisely the experience of wartime events that becomes pivotal in shaping the national identity, both at the collective and individual levels. In this context, the director’s task is to find the most suitable cinematic form to reveal specific stories. Despite the prevailing opinion in the professional Ukrainian film community and society regarding the inappropriateness of producing fictional films about the contemporary war in Ukraine, research demonstrates that the traumatic experience undergone by Ukrainians today requires documentation, representation, and artistic reinterpretation in close proximity to the ongoing events.
 The scientific novelty of the research lies in the analysis of the application of the concept of “postmemory” and the exploration of ways in which this concept can be used to shape the contemporary cinematic language of Ukrainian directors. Additionally, the article outlines several thematic areas within which modern cinematographers can seek specific stories and characters for their future works.
 The practical significance. Various formats and genres of screen media can be applied for this purpose, including short and feature films, documentaries, and fictional films, as well as works in such genres like portraiture, sketches, and docudramas. The research emphasizes the appropriateness of creating and comparatively analyzing diverse artistic forms dedicated to the theme of war in literature, cinematography, visual arts, music, and more. Regardless of the chosen thematic dimensions in which an author works, it is crucial to remember the power of personal stories and experiences that can provide an understanding of the enormous scale of wartime tragedy.