Distinct Discipline Research Articles

Top-Down Proteomics and Comparative 2D-DIGE Analysis.

The combination of large-scale protein separation techniques, sophisticated mass spectrometry, and systems bioinformatics has led to the establishment of proteomics as a distinct discipline within the wider field of protein biochemistry. Both discovery proteomics and targeted proteomics are widely used in biological and biomedical research, whereby the analytical approaches can be broadly divided into proteoform-centric top-down proteomics versus peptide-centric bottom-up proteomics. This chapter outlines the scientific value of top-down proteomics and describes how fluorescence two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis can be combined with the systematic analysis of crucial post-translational modifications. The concept of on-membrane digestion following the electrophoretic transfer of proteins and the usefulness of comparative two-dimensional immunoblotting are discussed.

Strategies to evaluate the quality of hospital design with clinical data.

Strategies to evaluate the quality of hospital design with clinical data.

Foundations of operations research: From linear programming to data envelopment analysis

After the 1950s, operations research (OR) moved from military applications of scientific methods to a distinct academic discipline, applying mainly mathematical models to complex systems in the public and private sectors. Linear programming (LP) with its simplex algorithm, developed by George Dantzig in 1949, is the first method that marked OR as a new academic discipline. The purpose of this article is to examine the evolution of OR through linear programming, its leading methodology, and some of its derivatives, concentrating on one of them—data envelopment analysis (DEA)—developed by Charnes, Cooper, and Rhodes in 1978. We focus on DEA and its derivatives, as this article is the most cited in a search performed using the main OR journals. Although we found LP to be mentioned much more than DEA in our search of Google Scholar and beyond, DEA is still well represented in the OR literature. Furthermore, based on insights gained from examining DEA vis-á-vis LP and the “secret” of their spread, we conclude with suggestions to further enhance OR's visibility, implementing ideas from OR founders and others over the years. Thus, future directions include combining hard and soft OR, involving interdisciplinary teams, consulting of OR academic researchers, and more.

Museomics

Museo-what? Museomics! Museomics is emerging as a distinct discipline from ancient DNA research and involves natural history museums and herbaria across the world. Museomics can be defined as the application of -omics techniques (genomics, paleogenomics and even paleoproteomics) to previously intractable historical and archival specimens that allow the retrieval of genomic data from extinct or currently declining species. This information has the potential to document genetic erosion in endangered species, to obtain genomes from extinct species, to establish molecular phylogenies, to understand species invasions in the last few centuries, to resolve taxonomic doubts with holotypes, and to explore past diversity of extant species, prior to the current climate crisis.

The opportunity costs of the politics of division and disinformation in the context of the twenty-first century security deficit

In the context of increasingly dynamic global threats to security, which exceed current institutional capabilities to address them, this paper examines the influence of actors with insular interests who seek to leverage anxieties, grievances and disinformation for their own advantage at the expense of the public. Such actors have a common interest in political dysfunction as a means of reducing institutional controls and oversite and use combinations of divisive messaging and disinformation to advance societally suboptimal goals. We first examine the emergence of a security deficit arising from globalization, climate change, and society’s failure to develop the institutions and norms necessary to address the threats produced by these combined phenomena. We then analyze how the politics of division and disinformation have undermined the ability of political and social systems to adapt to the new global threat landscape, employing a conceptual framework that integrates perspectives from sociology and political studies with advances in the cognitive sciences and psychology. Included in the analysis is an examination of the psychological and cognitive foundations of divisive politics and disinformation strategies employed by opportunistic actors to manipulate existing cultural biases and disinform the public of the genuine threats to their well-being. Finally, we provide examples of the interaction of the aforementioned dynamics and concomitant societal opportunity costs resulting from politically fueled division and disinformation. The paper intends to integrate insights from distinct disciplines (sociology, political science, political economy, psychology and cognitive science) to construct a new conceptual framework for understanding obstacles to addressing twenty-first century global threats, and identify gaps in the capacity of dominant security paradigms to fully recognize and assess such threats.

Dismantling and reimagining global health education

ABSTRACT Global health emerged as a distinct public health discipline within the last two decades. With over 95% of Masters of Global Health degree programmes located in high-income countries (HICs), the area of study has been primarily pursued by White, middle and upperclass, citizens of Europe and North America. In turn, the global health workforce and leadership reflect these same demographics. In this article, we present several key arguments against the current state of global health education: (1) admissions criteria favour HIC applicants; (2) the curriculum is developed with the HIC gaze; (3) student practicums can cause unintended harms in low- and middle-income country communities. We argue that global health education in its current form must be dismantled. We conclude with suggestions for how global health education may be reimagined to shift from a space of privilege and colonial practice to a space that recognises the strengths of experiences and knowledge above and beyond those from HICs.

Editorial: theme issue on complex rheology in biological systems

Editorial: theme issue on complex rheology in biological systems

A Practitioner's Perspective of Marketing Theory Evolution

The study seeks to explore the history of marketing as a practice and the development of marketing as an academic discipline. The research is set out to decide whether or not marketing theory empowers young marketing practitioners. This literature review and integrative synthesis study considers the impact that neoliberal modes of governance have had on the academic discipline of marketing. The literature synthesis revealed that marketing was built as a discipline at the turn of the 20th century when universities operated under an academic paradigm where faculty were given academic freedom and autonomy. These ideals helped form the professional identity of the academic prior to the shift toward neoliberalism. Marketing is moving toward defining its place in academics as a distinct discipline—and not as a branch of economics. Finally, with a new definition of marketing, the study concludes that marketing has not yet developed an overarching theory—nor has it been able to construct a definition that is not dynamically dependent on economic theory.

Decoding the Sino-North Korean Borderlands

Decoding the Sino-North Korean Borderlands

Variation in Cassava Yield Cultivated on Ferralsols and Ferruginous Soils in Kwara State, Nigeria

International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies (IJMS) is published by the Faculty of Graduate Studies - University of Sri Jayewardenepura. IJMS provides a supportive environment for multidisciplinary researchers to publish their contribution to the academy of knowledge and wisdom. Focus of the journal is on multidisciplinary research which should cover at least two distinct disciplines.

Magda's Ethical Problem in Coetzee's <em>In the Heart of the Country</em>

International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies (IJMS) is published by the Faculty of Graduate Studies - University of Sri Jayewardenepura. IJMS provides a supportive environment for multidisciplinary researchers to publish their contribution to the academy of knowledge and wisdom. Focus of the journal is on multidisciplinary research which should cover at least two distinct disciplines.

The Classical and Contemporary Approaches towards International Law: Conceptual and Thematic Study of Siyar (Islamic International Law)

This precise research work elucidates the derivation, sources, and gradual development of Islamic international law, which is also termed as “(Siyar).” This article is a humble endeavor to discover the position and role of Islamic International Law (Siyar). It debates about the pioneers and sublime jurists who treated Siyar as a distinct legal discipline and who methodically clarified the basic rubrics of Siyar. This research concludes that as Islamic legal principles are not only one of the leading legal schemes across the globe but also that Islam positions its illustrious place among different creeds and cultures of the world, Islamic jurisprudence is one of the leading sources of international law. The research is qualitative and interpretative, in which authors have relied on the classical and modern writings and have analytically scrutinized them in the modern context. Surely, this article debates that since public international rules are not irreligious in nature, these are “neutral” so as to “go with the flow” of Muslim countries. Siyar only fortifies the commitments of Muslim countries, at the same time; non-Muslim countries are not obligated to follow Islamic law.

Review: People, Practice, Power: Digital Humanities Outside the Center, edited by Anne B. McGrail, Angel David Nieves, and Siobhan Senier

Book Review| September 01 2022 Review: People, Practice, Power: Digital Humanities Outside the Center, edited by Anne B. McGrail, Angel David Nieves, and Siobhan Senier People, Practice, Power: Digital Humanities Outside the Center. Ed. Anne B. McGrail, Angel David Nieves, and Siobhan Senier. University of Minnesota Press, 2021. 360 pp. /$142.00 (hb) ISBN 1517910676, $32.95 (sb) ISBN 1517910684. Michael J. Kramer Michael J. Kramer Michael J. Kramer is an assistant professor in the Department of History at the State University of New York’s Brockport campus. He specializes in modern United States, transnational, public, and digital history as well as cultural criticism. His website can be found at michaeljkramer.net. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Afterimage (2022) 49 (3): 107–111. https://doi.org/10.1525/aft.2022.49.3.107 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Michael J. Kramer; Review: People, Practice, Power: Digital Humanities Outside the Center, edited by Anne B. McGrail, Angel David Nieves, and Siobhan Senier. Afterimage 1 September 2022; 49 (3): 107–111. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/aft.2022.49.3.107 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAfterimage Search Roughly a decade ago, the academic world was abuzz with the revolutionary possibilities of applying digital and computational approaches to humanities topics. What has happened since then? A new essay collection edited by Anne B. McGrail, Angel David Nieves, and Siobhan Senier, part of the “Debates in the Digital Humanities” series published by the University of Minnesota Press, offers as good a place as any to take stock of the state of the field. That is, if we can even call digital humanities (DH) a field. The question of whether what we are investigating is a distinct discipline or if digital humanities as a practice remains interdisciplinary and interstitial continues to be unclear. After all, the humanities are already multifaceted. Adding “digital” makes things even more confusing. We cannot even decide on what verb form to use. Some write “digital humanities is a field”; others insist “digital humanities are a... You do not currently have access to this content.

Dancers, Mountains, and People in the Fields

Dancers, Mountains, and People in the Fields

A Historical Survey: “Arithmetic" in the Service of Medieval Medicine in the Islamic Era (9th-13th Century AD)

Arithmetic in the Arabic world was introduced with the loanword Ariṯmāṭῑqῑ which is derived from the Greek root αριθμός meaning "number", and depending on the context, it is used in two quite distinct senses. In the first sense, arithmetic as a technical term refers to a branch of mathematics that deals with the theory of numbers, numerical computations, and calculations, which is known as ‘Ilm al-ḥisāb from the Islamic era onwards; in the second sense, arithmetic deals with magical matters, talismans, or even some mystical traditions based on numbers and ABJAD letters which could be generally supposed to be used for superstitious purposes. The period from the 9th to the 13th century is well-known as “The Islamic Golden Age” in which works in science and medicine flourished. During this time, knowledge was synthesized from works originating in ancient Mesopotamia, ancient Greece, ancient Rome, ancient Egypt, North Africa, Persia, India, China, and Byzantine civilizations, and the most remarkable treatises on the subject of medicine, specifically in pharmacology and in the profession of apothecary, were published by Arabs and non-Arabs in Muslim-ruled areas enriched by both preserving earlier traditions and enhancing extra experiences and findings of their own. On the other hand, the natural and cultural resources, as well as trade relations, had contributed greatly to the spread of these scientific works. Now, it may be asked, how these two completely distinct disciplines, arithmetic (in both senses) and medicine converge?! The purpose of this study is to investigate the relations between these two fields by examining the significant sources, treatises, ancient texts as well as by introducing notable scientists, physicians, mathematicians in the guise of a physician and polymaths who have written a treatise, monograph or even who collected an encyclopedia and were accomplished in numerous fields of endeavor and inquiry that had writings on both medicine and mathematics besides other fields of study like physics and philosophy. The present research intends to provide a short review on textbooks written by physicians in math but with a remarkable medical approach, on topics, for example, including weights and quantities required in posology (the study of dosages) observed as an example in al-Kindῑ’s pharmaceutical work by the title “Risālah fī ma˓rifat qūwah al-adwīyah al-murakkabah”, where the efficacy (qūwah) of compound medicine is based on geometric progression; or what Avicenna described and formulated in dispensing of medical material in his far-famed medical work al-Qānūn fῑ al-Ṭibb (The Canon of Medicine). Pharmaceutical works are typically about materia medica (a Latin term for medical substances from the work of Dioscorides: De materia medica), singular medicine, their specifications, and some others are mainly about compound medicines (Greek term: γραϕίδιον) which are produced by ingredients in certain proportions. Ariṯmāṭῑqῑ in terms of occult (Arabic term: Xafῑya) is considered a sort of supernatural belief recommended and used widely by especially non-academic practitioners in disease cures outside the scope of science, which leads us to spot the use of magic squares and their applications in medicine as a way of assumed treatment.

Knowledge Management Competencies in Health and Social Care

Knowledge management literature has thoroughly discussed the aims and objectives of managing knowledge, recognized critical success factors of knowledge processes, analyzed knowledge creation, transfer and sharing, and even some indications of the effects of knowledge management have been evidenced. However, despite skills, competences, and employees’ knowledge and experience are among the recognized success factors, discussions on competence needs of effective knowledge management are lacking. To contribute to this knowledge gap, this article studies knowledge management competences with an aim to elaborate this critical component of organizational performance and renewal. The special focus of the article is on the management of health and social care and the article brings together two distinct disciplines, knowledge management and health informatics, to suggest a novel way to approach KM capabilities and competences in the given context. Based on the literature and empirical data gathered with two surveys targeted to health informatics and knowledge management practitioners in health and social care the article concludes that: 1) It is difficult to separate the discussion on competence needs from the discussions concerning the information content and tools of data management. The latter aspects dominate the debate and determine and limit in many ways the discussions on knowledge management, its nature, content, and people participating to these discussions, and 2) knowledge management in health and social care focuses extensively on issues of data management and decision-making support.

A training program for researchers in population neuroimaging: Early experiences.

Recent advances in neuroimaging create groundbreaking opportunities to better understand human neurological and psychiatric diseases, but also bring new challenges. With the advent of more and more sophisticated and efficient multimodal image processing software, we can now study much larger populations and integrate information from multiple modalities. In consequence, investigators that use neuroimaging techniques must also understand and apply principles of population sampling and contemporary data analytic techniques. The next generation of neuroimaging researchers must be skilled in numerous previously distinct disciplines and so a new integrated model of training is needed. This tutorial presents the rationale for such a new training model and presents the results from the first years of the training program focused on population neuroimaging of Alzheimer's Disease. This approach is applicable to other areas of population neuroimaging.

Thomistic Psychology in the Works of Fr. Angel de Blas, OP

The celebration of the 500th anniversary of Christianity in the Philippines is also an opportunity for the University of Santo Tomas (Manila) to look into her own history, and on how that history intersects with the larger history of Christianity in the Philippines. Being one of the oldest Christian institutions in the Philippines, the University has been home to several thinkers who have, in their own way, contributed to the growth of Christianity in the country. This paper takes a historical look at the contribution of one Thomasian, Fr. Angel de Blas, OP, who wrote and taught in the University of Santo Tomas from the early to the middle part of the 20th Century. He thrived at a time when new developments were emerging in the academic landscape of the Philippines, particularly in the area of philosophy and psychology. At that time, psychology was slowly emerging as a distinct discipline in the human sciences, and the philosophical temperament in the country was also slowly embracing traditions other than scholasticism and Thomism. The paper will attempt to articulate Fr. Angel de Blas, OP’s contribution during this time of the transition. It also hopes to show that this Dominican has demonstrated a way of dialoguing Catholic philosophy and life with the developments of the sciences.

Can the fundamental principles of non-fiction writing be applied to fiction?

Each "Communication Corner" essay is self-contained; however, they build on each other. For best results, before reading this essay and doing the exercise, go to the first essay "How an Ugly Duckling Became a Swan," then read each succeeding essay. So-called "creative writing" (fiction) and "expository writing" (non-fiction) are often thought of as distinct (and even antithetical) disciplines. True, there are significant differences, but there are also significant similarities. These should not be ignored.

Doing Philosophy Comparatively in India: Classical Indian and Western Philosophical Traditions in Engagement

When Western philosophy was introduced to Indian academia in the late nineteenth century, there arose for Indian philosophers a two-fold need: the need to preserve the self-identity of Indian philosophy and the need to dialogue with Western philosophy. In their attempt to defend the distinctiveness of Indian philosophy, the philosophers of the first half of the twentieth century affirmed that classical Indian philosophy was essentially spiritual. The philosophers of the second half of the twentieth century, however, did not have a compulsion to defend Indian philosophy in the face of Western philosophy. Many of them critiqued the traditional view about classical Indian philosophy. For them classical Indian philosophy, too, was a rational discourse and it is equally capable to contribute to the enrichment of philosophy. Today the two traditions—Indian and Western—are known to each other fairly well and hence there is little need to pursue comparative philosophy as a distinct discipline in philosophy. Instead, what should be promoted is an open philosophizing—philosophizing that is characterized by our openness to diverse ways of thought.