Distinct Cultures Research Articles

LEGAL SOCIOLOGY OF LAND CONFLICT VS ORANG RIMBA’S LAND CONFLICT IN JAMBI PROVINCE

The sociology of Orang Rimba Law, which portrays the issue of land conflict versus land conflict, is a crucial legal issue, even though so far, the Orang Rimba (Suku Anak Dalam) has been part of a beneficial symbiosis between Natural Resources and Human Resources (HR), because between the factors of mutual care between humans and nature, but in legal reality, land and land tenure in Indonesia, The existence of the Orang Rimba institution as the original entity of the Malay tribe is a problem, because its living entity has been displaced by the laws of outsiders, namely the state and government, especially since the rolling of the issue of forest utilization through Forest Tenure Rights (HPH) and the use of forest products through legal entities whose ownership is by forest outsiders, plus natural disasters (forest fires) outsiders as people whom people have long feared as eating creatures human. The purpose of the study is to know the law in reality, especially society. Conclusion The Orang Rimba, as an indigenous entity in Jambi Province, must be brought to the attention of the local government. The right to life and other social rights, namely distinctive economic and cultural rights, must be fostered continuously so that their customary rights are protected from land grabs under the guise of plantations and forestry based on state approval of forests and non-forests and ignore the history of the Orang Rimba struggle which always maintains the forest ecosystem and its distinctive land and culture such as ritual rituals between man and nature to dispel nature's various kinds of anger against humans in the form of disasters, wrath, and even climate change, cultural mantras and dialects were developed by them, but have not been seen by Indonesian law as genuine and distinctive legal institutions.

Bioactivity of crude extract produced by endophytic fungi isolated from Ziziphus spina-christi (Nabq) leaves for antimicrobial evaluation as well as optimization of culture medium conditions

Twenty fungal endophytes were isolated from Nabq, and plug diffusion screening revealed four of those isolates to be promising. These isolates were identified molecularly as Aspergillus sp. of Sect. Flavi (ZSEFL2) and Sec. Niger (ZSEFL14), and Penicillium spp. closest related to Penicillum crustosum (ZSEFL15, 19). Investigations were conducted to determine the effects of culture parameters, such as the type of culture medium, incubation temperature, initial pH and agitation, on the production of antimicrobial metabolites in a culture filtrate extract. Using the disk diffusion technique, antimicrobial metabolite synthesis was evaluated. In comparison to the other three distinct culture media (PDB-y, rice, and Cz), PDB demonstrated to be the best culture medium for the four tested fungal endophytes, exhibiting high levels of the Antimicrobial Index (AI). Also, a restricted range of incubation temperatures resulted in the formation of bioactive metabolites, but raising the incubation temperatures from 25 to 30 °C increased the amount of bioactive metabolites produced. Moreover, the best initial hydrogen concentration typically ranged from pH 5 to 6. Finally, when the conditions changed from stationary to shaking, the bioactive secondary metabolite's antimicrobial efficacy reduced. The behavior of the four examined fungal isolates was consistent, and they all required the same conditions to produce the most bioactive metabolites. Moreover, ethyl acetate extract's MIC values against the investigated bacterial and fungal human pathogens ranged from 0.19 to 6.25 mg/mL.

Stories of women's marriage and fertility experiences: Qualitative research on urban and rural cases in Bali, Indonesia

Background: As a Hindu-majority province in Indonesia, Bali presents a unique and distinctive culture. Patrilocal (purusa) marriage and patrilineal inheritance as a continuation of the patriarchal system puts a man in the key role as a family successor. Having a son is a priority for a married couple in Balinese society. As a consequence, Balinese women experience several constraints related to their economic productive, reproductive, and adat (ritual) roles. When a family does not have a male heir, their daughter is pressed to find a spouse willing to accept sentana (matrilocal) marriage. This secondary form of marriage brings another complication for Balinese-Hindu women and does not necessarily relieve their submissive position. This research analyzes Balinese-Hindu women’s perspectives on their marriage experiences and fertility decisions. Methods: The data was collected in two areas representing rural (Banjar Tumbakasa in Gianyar) and urban (Banjar Biaung in Denpasar) locations in Bali Province, Indonesia from November 2019 to February 2020. Primary data was based on in-depth interviews of six rural and six urban married Balinese-Hindu women. Results: This qualitative inquiry into Balinese women's experience of the marriage system and fertility options in urban and rural Bali revealed varying degrees of social expectation to provide male descendants for their families. At the same time, economic burdens still haunt them in this development era, and have conflicting implications for family size. Their stories of purusa (patrilocal) and sentana (matrilocal) marriage were complex, being strongly associated with customary law (adat) in traditional society. Paradoxically, however, it was rural women in the study sample who disproportionately opted for the sentana arrangement and limitation of family size. Conclusions: This study explores women's fertility aspirations, notably regarding son precedence. It problematizes the sentana marriage alternative as a solution to lighten the expectations and burdens affecting women.

Identification of Community-Based Agricultural Zakat Implementation:

Indonesia is an agricultural country where most of the population works as farmers, the agricultural sector is one of the main sectors of the country's economy. In line with that, statistical data proves that the agricultural sector is still the most important sector in supporting national economic development, especially during the recent pandemic that hit the world where the agricultural sector is at a stable pace compared to other sectors. Temboro Village has a unique culture in terms of the local community that distinguishes it from other villages, namely the concept of Madinah village with a distinctive culture based on certain Islamic ideologies. The research intends to identify the process of agricultural zakat implementation in the village of Temboro and is expected to contribute to the development of agricultural zakat implementation in other areas in Indonesia. The qualitative research method is used with an interpretive approach in a case study where the researcher is involved in sharing experiences with participants in Temboro Village. The results of the study prove that the management of agricultural zakat in Temboro Village is still categorized as traditional. There is no official (amil) zakat institution (LAZ) in Temboro Village. The system of collecting and distributing agricultural zakat is more emphasized on agricultural zakat and infaq which makes the mosque and boarding school the center. The problem in collecting agricultural zakat is not only that individual agricultural land ownership is relatively small but also not all farmers in Temboro village pay their agricultural zakat, so the percentage of agricultural zakat is not optimal and is distributed directly to the village community.

Dyskurs postkolonialny w powieści „Dzieci Wołgi" Guzel Jachiny

In this article, Paulina Wójcikowska-Wantuch analyzes the presence of postcolonial discourse in A Volga Tale, a novel by Guzel Yakhina, a Russian author of Tatar origin, whose fiction is concerned with themes of history and identity. Yakhina focuses on the tragic events of the Soviet period shown from the perspective of a single person and her fictions represent the post-memory trend in literature. She stresses the cultural and linguistic distinctness of the German minority, which ultimately fell victim to Stalin’s imperialistic policy. Yakhina exposes the destructive mechanisms of the imperial power, but refrains from unambiguous assessments of historical reality. She focuses on the problem of responsibility for one’s neighbors, emphasizing the importance of the characters’ individual choices. In the light of the ethical issues raised in the novel, the problem of national identity is of secondary importance. In connection with the above, A Volga Tale and also other novels by Yakhina elude any unambiguous assignment to postcolonial literature.

Cultivating Community: The Essential Role of Intergenerational Relationships in Culturally Specific Museums

ABSTRACT This article delves into the vital role played by intergenerational, cultural, and social relationships in the work of museum educators at the Japanese American National Museum (JANM). It highlights the relational exchanges among different generations of staff and volunteers. These relationships not only facilitate the intergenerational transfer of Japanese American history and culture, but they also help to cultivate a sense of community and shared experience. This case study underscores that these relationships not only contribute to the professional growth of museum educators, but also foster a community-centric approach to history education and the preservation of cultural heritage. The authors further emphasize the distinct organizational culture at JANM, characterized by care, familial connections, and mutual support. Through the cultivation of relationships and shared cultural traditions, an enriching environment is created at the museum that enhances the work of its educators and provides a richer experience for visitors.

Between the Devil and the Deep Sea: Tribal Women’s Inheritance Rights in India

In recognition of their distinct culture and identity, tribal communities in India enjoy constitutionally guaranteed autonomy and self-governance, which extend to customary laws for marriage, matrimonial rights and inheritance. In contexts where the tribal customary law has denied women inheritance rights, some women have approached the courts of law. The Hindu law on inheritance specifically excludes tribal communities from its application; yet, courts have found a way to apply it by reasoning that the parties to the case were ‘sufficiently Hinduised’. This article examines Indian judicial responses to this issue, and the ramifications for the inheritance rights of tribal women. The article critiques law’s lack of imagination and inability to capture the complex dynamics of social relationships in tribal communities, in a context of their massive dispossession from tribal lands. While highlighting the distinct relationship of property, community and family in tribal communities, it examines how law could ensure that tribal women retain their tribal identity and yet secure equal inheritance rights, rather than force a trade-off between tribal identity and securing inheritance rights on grounds of ‘sufficient Hinduisation’.

Cancer awareness, diagnosis and treatment needs in Mizoram, India: evidence from 18 years trends (2003-2020).

Despite being the second least populated state, Mizoram exhibits the highest incidence rate of cancer in India. Its inhabitants, constituting an endogamous and isolated population, have embraced their own distinct culture, way of life and dietary preferences, setting them apart from the rest of mainland India. In 2003, the Mizoram Population Based Cancer Registry (PBCR) was established under the auspices of the National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research (NCDIR), a division of the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), in collaboration with the Department of Health & Family Welfare of the Government of Mizoram, India. Cancer incidence and mortality data were extracted from the Mizoram PBCR spanning the years 2003-2020. The Age Standardized Incidence Rate (ASIR) and Age Standardized Mortality Rate (ASMR) were computed per 100,000 individuals, utilizing Segi's World Standard Population as the benchmark. The trajectory of these changes was analysed employing the Joinpoint Regression Analysis Program, Version 4.9.1.0.13, to unveil the Annual Percent Change (APC) with a 95% Confidence Interval and a Significance test (p<0.05) using Monte Carlo Permutation. The resulting graphical visualizations were generated using Flourish Studio.15. The overall ASIR for all cancer sites among men was 197.2 per 100,000, while for women, it was 164.9 per 100,000. Among men, the most prevalent cancer site was the Stomach (ASIR=41.4), followed by Head & Neck, Lung, Oesophagus, Colorectal, Liver, Urinary, Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma and Prostate cancers. Conversely, among women, Lung cancer exhibited the highest incidence (ASIR=26.7), succeeded by Cervical, Breast, Stomach, Head & Neck, Colorectal, Oesophagus, Liver and Ovarian cancers. Stomach cancer emerged as the leading cause of death among men (ASMR=22.6) and among women, Lung cancer held the highest ASMR (15.9). Joinpoint regression analysis revealed a rising trend in incidence and mortality over time for overall cancer sites. Among the primary cancer sites contributing to incidence and mortality, an increase in APC was observable for all, except Stomach cancer, in both men and women. The diagnostic approach, except for cases of cancer with unknown primary sites, involved a microscopic method. This cross-sectional study examines PBCR reports spanning from 2003 to 2020, shedding light on a consistent uptick in cancer incidence and mortality trends in Mizoram. Stomach cancer emerges as the most prevalent and primary cause of cancer-related deaths among men, while Lung cancer takes a parallel role in women. The elevated cancer incidence and the growing trend among younger generations might stem from the static lifestyle and dietary patterns prevalent within the endogamous tribal population, potentially contributing to a genetic predisposition. The escalation in mortality rates could be attributed to a dearth of specialized diagnostic facilities and skilled human resources, treatment strategies guided by genomic research and transportation challenges. This underscores the urgent requirement for comprehensive scientific exploration across diverse facets. The implementation of easily accessible diagnostic facilities in proximity and genetic testing for pharmacogenomics to enhance prognoses would also aid in mitigating the burden and advancing the healthcare system's effectiveness. Population Based Cancer Registry (PBCR) was supported by National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research (NCDIR) of the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), India.

Challenges and Remedial Measures in Cross Cultural Marketing

As a result of globalization, numerous businesses now conduct business in multiple nations. Multinational organizations, in which employees from multiple nations work together to achieve organizational goals, came into existence because of the expansion beyond national boundaries. Although it is correct that the businesses find these developments appealing and profitable, but conducting a worldwide business is more difficult than handling a domestic one. Different social, cultural, economic, legal, and political environments have an impact on global business. Additionally, there are a number of risks associated with global business, such as currency risk, cross-cultural risk, and political risk. All business units, domestic and international, rely on human resources to perform at all operational levels. The point of this paper is to analyze multifaceted difficulties related to marketing in regard of associations engaged at global level operations. The paper makes the observation that the company is able to prevail over the challenges of cross-cultural marketing after having the comprehensive acquaintance of overseas culture, respect for overseas culture, and proper management direction toward cultural distinctness. Key words –Globalization, cross culture marketing, risks, international

ENHANCING TRIBAL EDUCATION THROUGH COMMUNITY-BASED LEARNING INITIATIVES

This study delves into the critical endeavour of enhancing tribal education through community-based learning initiatives. Indigenous communities around the world face unique educational challenges rooted in historical disparities and cultural distinctiveness. The research investigates the impact of community-driven approaches that leverage local knowledge, traditions, and resources to enrich the educational experiences of tribal youth. Through a comprehensive review of literature, case studies, and qualitative interviews, this research highlights the pivotal role of community engagement in shaping tribal education. It explores the positive outcomes of initiatives that incorporate traditional wisdom, language, and cultural practices into curricula, fostering a sense of identity and pride among tribal learners. Moreover, the study examines the broader implications of community-based learning, including improved academic performance, strengthened cultural preservation efforts, and enhanced social cohesion within tribal communities. The findings underscore the significance of collaborative partnerships between tribal communities, educational institutions, and policymakers in developing and sustaining effective community-based learning programs. This research contributes to the discourse on inclusive and culturally responsive education, advocating for the holistic development of tribal students while respecting and celebrating their unique heritage. Ultimately, it emphasizes the potential of community-based learning initiatives to empower tribal youth and bridge the educational gap between indigenous and non-indigenous populations.

Value Orientations of Young Cossacks (Using the Example of the Cossack Hundred at SRSPU (NPI))

This article investigates the spiritual and moral values, cultural and domestic traditions of youth who join Cossack organisations during their university education. The study focuses on students who are members of the Platov Cossack Hundred, established at the Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI). The data analysed in this research were obtained through standardised interviews with members of the Platov Cossack Hundred. The aim of the study is to identify the value orientations, values, and their hierarchy in the minds of student Cossacks. The values of Cossack youth are examined from the perspective of a system rooted in &amp;amp;quot;collective representations&amp;amp;quot; (É.Durkheim). The theory of masculinity is employed to explore the role of the Cossack man in the culture of everyday family life and interaction practices.&#x0D; The article provides a brief overview of the scientific literature devoted to describing and analysing the historical development of the River Don Cossacks, the peculiarities of their military activities, everyday life, culture, values, and traditions. It demonstrates the matrix of values of Cossack youth, the core of which consists of justice and family. Empirical data lead to the conclusion that traditional stereotypes of &amp;amp;quot;a man as a warrior&amp;amp;quot; and &amp;amp;quot;a man as a protector&amp;amp;quot; are being formed, along with patriarchal ideas of &amp;amp;quot;the man as the head of the family&amp;amp;quot;, religious beliefs, and ethnic identity, as &amp;amp;quot;an Orthodox person with a unique culture, traditions, and customs&amp;amp;quot;.&#x0D; In everyday life, family relationships are characterised by a desire for egalitarianism and parity in decision-making and child-rearing. The article notes that the foundation of the respondents' value matrix is the cultural-historical basis of militarised masculinity, based on the idea of &amp;amp;quot;serving and defending one's Homeland&amp;amp;quot;. The primary motivation for joining the Platov Cossack Hundred is the desire for participation and identification with Cossack culture and traditions.&#x0D; The authors emphasise the importance not only of the institution of the family but also of higher education in the actualisation and reproduction of the cultural distinctiveness of regional youth. It is concluded that young people with a strong ethnocultural component prioritise traditional values (patriotism, service to the Homeland, justice, strong families) that shape not only regional (ethno-social) identity but also a pan-Russian civic identity.

ISLAM DAN TRANSFORMASI BUDAYA LOKAL DI INDONESIA

The spread of Islam in Indonesia is not only limited to religious aspects, but also includes values, norms and cultural practices. Islam brought changes in various aspects of life, such as art, language, architecture and ways of dressing. Each region has its own distinct local culture, and Islam has played a role in integrating these cultural elements into the broader Islamic context. For example, the Javanese art of wayang kulit combines Islamic elements in the performance of Hindu epic stories, creating a unique art form that reflects the integration of Islam and local culture. This research method uses the cultural history method with four research stages, namely, first, searching for documents, second, criticizing documents, third, interpreting or interpreting, and fourth, presentation in the form of historiography. The results of this research reveal how Islam also influences social norms and values in Indonesia. For example, the concepts of gotong royong (collective cooperation) and Musyawarah (consultation) which are an important part of Indonesian culture, are also influenced by Islamic values of social solidarity and consensus in decision making. As well as influencing the style of aspects of art and architecture in Indonesia.

КУЗНЕЦКИЕ ТЕЛЕУТЫ В ДНЕВНИКАХ И ЗАПИСКАХ ИСТОРИКОВ И ЭТНОГРАФОВ. К ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКЕ ЭТНОЛОКАЛЬНОЙ ГРУППЫ

The article attempts to describe the cultural and ethnic distinctiveness of the Kuznetsk Teleut who represent a territorially separate group of Teleuts, one of the smaller indigenous peoples of Siberia. It traces the specifics of the local development of this group in the 20th-21st centuries. The research draws primarily on archival sources containing records and fieldnotes of ethnographers studying the Altai region, such as A.V. Anokhin, P.I. Karal’kin, and A.G. Danilin, and the own fieldwork materials of the author.

Psychic Capital: Its Role in Maintaining Quebec and Other Francophone Identities

This article will demonstrate the value of Boulding’s concept of psychic capital in explaining the survival of Quebec and other North American francophone communities where French is the first language. Psychic capital holds that while in an economic unit there will be a store of financial capital which is necessary for the continued existence of an economic unit, also in a human community there is a need for a reserve of psychic capital that is vital for the survival of that community. Psychic capital does this by providing a body of positive feelings shared between individuals and larger groupings, which could be a community or a whole nation. Boulding proposed that a coherent body of thoughts, memories and emotions may be shared as psychic capital. In the case of Quebec, this is embodied in the French language and a distinct culture which has provided the foundation of its survival through many adverse events and is the basis of the desire of many of its members for independence from Canada. If Quebec were to achieve independence, this would impact other francophone communities in North America by undermining Canada’s policy of official bilingualism at the federal level, with economic, social and political impacts. A store of psychic capital is thus necessary for the survival of Quebec and the other francophone communities of North America.

The bigger the threat, the longer the gaze? A cross-cultural study of Somalis and Czechs.

High fear reaction, preferential attention, or fast detection are only a few of the specific responses which snakes evoke in humans. Previous research has shown that these responses are shared amongst several distinct cultures suggesting the evolutionary origin of the response. However, populations from sub-Saharan Africa have been largely missing in experimental research focused on this issue. In this paper, we focus on the effect of snake threat display on human spontaneous attention. We performed an eye-tracking experiment with participants from Somaliland and the Czechia and investigated whether human attention is swayed towards snakes in a threatening posture. Seventy-one Somalis and 71 Czechs were tested; the samples were matched for gender and comparable in age structure and education level. We also investigated the effect of snake morphotype as snakes differ in their threat display. We found that snakes in a threatening posture were indeed gazed upon more than snakes in a relaxed (non-threatening) posture. Further, we found a large effect of snake morphotype as this was especially prominent in cobras, less in vipers, and mostly non-significant in other morphotypes. Finally, despite highly different cultural and environmental backgrounds, the overall pattern of reaction towards snakes was similar in Somalis and Czechs supporting the evolutionary origin of the phenomenon. We concluded that human attention is preferentially directed towards snakes, especially cobras and vipers, in threatening postures.

The Actualization of Democracy Values Based on Local Wisdom

The Indonesian Democracy Index for Lampung Province was ranked 8th in 2021 reaching 80.18 (BPS: 2021). West Tulang Bawang Regency has an indicator of human development at level 4, the lowest in a Regency/City in Lampung Province with a percentage of 66.22 (BPS: 2021), based on indicators of freedom, equality and capacity of democratic institutions. This scientific study aims to examine the actualization of democratic values based on the local wisdom of the people of Tulang Bawang, West Lampung. This type of research is field research which leads to naturalistic research with the nature of qualitative research. Primary data sources are purposive sampling as the key informants can be representative and data processing methods are obtained from observations, interviews and documentation from community leaders and humanists. Inductive data analysis involves methods with reduction stages, data presentation and data verification. The local wisdom of the West Tulang Bawang community consists of the Nenemo Philosophy and the Ragem Sai Mangi Wawai Program. Democratic values that are highly respected in the world include freedom, openness, equality, justice and responsibility. Associated with local wisdom, it turns out that democratic values already exist in the principles of life in the cultural wisdom of Pepadun. Attitudes and behaviors in the Pepadun culture of the West Tulang Bawang community, of course, have meanings including Mes which means to endure, Nedes which means to hold on deeper, Ago which means to want, Kuwawo which means to be able to be internalized in a multicultural society by reflecting hard work, nemen which means earnest, nedes which means resilient, and nekhimo which means to accept God’s gift sincerely. The people of Tulang Bawang Barat have values of equality, and responsibility in social life. The meaning of Ragem Sai Mangi Wawai comes from the language of the Lampung tribe Pepadun Megow Pak Tulang Bawang which is used as the motto as well as the movement’s unifying motto in carrying out the development of both infrastructure and social morals in West Tulang Bawang Regency using indicators of justice, freedom, and openness as a concrete form of cultural diversity. Among religion, ethnicity, and other social groups, the people of Lampung Pepadun who are in Tulang Bawang Barat are united in all ways to achieve success together without eliminating or undermining other groups. This is in line with the actualization of democracy as well as this distinctive culture as striving for the civilization of ethnic communities in challenging times. This component is related to democratic government which is carried out by involving the participation of people both in democracy and development, and does not abandon noble ideals on the basis of values that are born from conscience.&#x0D; Keywords: Actualization, Democracy and Local Wisdom

Evaluation of organizational culture in companies for fostering a digital innovation using q-rung picture fuzzy based decision-making model

Developing a comprehensive data-driven strategy for evaluating the organisational culture in companies to foster digital innovation involves a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. This needs to consider various organisational culture characteristics that influence digital innovation success, assign significance weights to each characteristic, and recognise that distinct organisational cultures may excel in different aspects necessitates the proper handling of data variations. Hence, to provide organisations seeking to align cultural practises with digital innovation objectives with valuable insights, this study aims to develop an MCDM model for evaluating and benchmarking organisational culture in companies to foster digital innovation. The benchmarking decision matrix is formulated based on the intersection of evaluation characteristics and a list of organisational culture aspects in companies. The MCDM model is developed in two phases. Firstly, a new weighting model, q-rung picture fuzzy-weighted zero-inconsistency (q-RPFWZIC), is formulated for assessing the evaluation characteristics under the q-rung picture fuzzy sets environment. Secondly, the simple additive weighting (SAW) model is formulated for benchmarking the organisational culture in companies using the extracted weights of the evaluation characteristics. The results indicate that characteristic C6 (corporate entrepreneurship) has the highest weight, with a value of 0.161, while characteristic C3 (employee participation, agility and organizational structures) and C7 (digital awareness and necessity of innovations) has the lowest weight of 0.088. Company A2 secures the top rank with a score of 0.911, satisfying eight evaluation characteristics, whereas company A7 holds the last rank order, satisfying only one evaluation characteristic, obtaining a score of 0.101. In model evaluation, several scenarios were considered in a sensitivity analysis test based on a 100% increment in weight values for each characteristic to validate the reliability of the model results.

Food anthropology of Alavi Bohra muslims during Muharram

The Alavi Bohras, besides their long and distinguished history, have a distinct culture around food and identity, elements of which are still preserved and active by the Alavi Bohras decades after their settlement in Vadodara. They have a typical food pattern in the mourning month of Muharram, which is the first month of the Islamic calendar. To document the food anthropology and ethnography of foods, ingredients, and dishes of Alavi Bohra Muslims during Muharram using qualitative methods. In this cross-sectional study, mixed qualitative methods of ethnographic research were used to understand the diet culture of Alavi Bohras during Muharram – the historic significance of Muharram, assessing the diet quality, type of foods and key ingredients used in cuisines as served in community thaals. Methods like direct observations (n=10 days) of the community kitchen, key informant interviews (n=5) with clerics and cooks, and focus group discussion (n=1) with prominent and learned people of the community. Based on the observations, interviews, and focus group discussion it was found that Alavi Bohras eat food served through the community kitchen on all nine days including Ashura, during Muharram, Food is consumed from thaal, which essentially has two items each day, a sweet and a savory dish served with a milk-based beverage daily and served ad libitum. The thaal comprises all four food groups - namely cereals, millets; pulses; vegetables, and fruits; and Milk and Milk products, egg, meat and fish, oils and fats (ICMR -NIN, 2011). This study showcases the culture of Alavi Bohra Muslims during Muharram, the diet quality of Muharram, and Ashura thaal, which is a completely balanced meal, such thaal can be promoted at large and a comparative account of Muharram by Shia and Sunni Muslims. Rich diversity is observed in the thaal wherein all foods from all 4 groups are incorporated, which is considered healthy and nutritious.

The Innovation and Practice of Synergistic Cultivation Model of Integrating the Spirit of Volunteer Teaching in Western China into the Moral Education of College English

Volunteer teaching in western China is an important initiative to serve the development of the western region of the country and contribute to the talent and science education of the west region. As a distinctive culture of Baoding University, volunteer teaching in western China is rich in educational values. Based on College English course, this paper mainly discusses the current dilemmas of the moral education of this course, puts forward synergistic cultivation strategies of integrating the spirit of volunteer teaching in western China into the moral education of College English, and presents some preliminary achievements of the synergistic cultivation model. It is expected that this research will promote the combination of college English teaching and patriotic education, realize the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education, and increase the output of volunteer teaching talents.

Mental health and current issues of migrant workers in Japan: A cross-sectional study of Vietnamese workers.

Over the past 5 years, the number of Vietnamese migrant workers in Japan has grown rapidly to become the largest group of migrant workers in the country. They hold various statuses of residence and are subjected to multifactorial stressors. The current study's aim is to investigate the association between psychological distress experienced by Vietnamese workers and their work environment. Another aim is to discuss issues involving migrant workers by comparing the characteristics of workers in the major statuses of residence. The study applied a cross-sectional design, and included a nationwide self-administered online questionnaire that was conducted in Vietnamese in 2022. The questionnaire included the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), workplace interpersonal factors as well as factors related to work and health. A multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate factors associated with psychological distress. Of 933 Vietnamese workers, 37% were grouped as distressed under the K10 cutoff. Fewer opportunities to speak with Japanese co-workers, lower welfare and workload ratings, and the visa statuses including 'Technical Intern Training' were significantly associated with psychological distress. Unexpectedly, those in 'Engineer/Specialist in Humanities/International Services (ESI)' category who are deemed to hold better conditions demonstrated the highest amounts of distress. Outside of unsatisfactory working environments, differing situations depending on status of residence could produce various sources of distress. The difficult aspects of Japan's distinct culture seem to contribute to their distress, especially for those who have more interactions with Japanese co-workers. A push for a multicultural society, where migrant workers can pursue proactive life designs of their own choosing, is warranted.