Dissimilarity Values Research Articles

Genetic diversity of recombinant inbred lines of Phaseolus vulgaris L.

Common bean is the most accessible protein source to the population and daily consumed. Studies using both morphoagronomic markers and molecular markers have been used in bean breeding programs. This work aimed to study the diversity of 22 recombinant inbred lines and, their progenitors with the aid of SSR markers. The crossing occurred in a greenhouse, between the cultivar BRS Agreste and black-01 line. The characters that showed polymorphism were evaluated: presence of anthocyanin, number of days after germination, days for flowering, wing color, standard color, seed color, tegument color, seed brightness, commercial group. The dissimilarity values ranged from 0 to 8.5; organizing the lines into three distinct groups for morphoagronomic data. In the molecular analyzes, 11 primers were monomorphic and 7 were polymorphic. The dissimilarity values for molecular analysis ranged from 0 to 0.8; with an average of 0.57. The content of polymorphic information ranged from 0.81 to 0.87. Besides the markers efficiency used in this study, they are associated to important characteristics for common bean. Joint analysis of the data presented dissimilarity values ranging from 0.0 to 12.5; with an average of 6.89; forming three groups. The joint analysis of morphoagronomic and molecular data was efficient to characterize and distinguish inbred lines. The molecular markers used were suitable to the present study. The lines 18 and 19 can be considered duplicate because in all analyzes they remained together.

Comparative analysis of tensile properties and fracture toughness of Al 2014 alloy processed by warm rolling and cryo-groove rolling

Abstract The comparative analysis of mechanical characteristics, microstructural evolution and fracture measuring parameters of Al 2014 alloy processed by combination of cryorolling process with warm rolling process and cryo-groove rolling process is done in present investigation. In combination of cryorolling process with warm rolling process, the solution treated Al 2014 alloy is cryorolled upto 70% thickness reduction and then upto 90% thickness reduction was done by warm rolling process at 170 °C temperature and in cryo-groove rolling (CGR) process, the ST Al 2014 alloy is deformed to achieve the dissimilar thickness reduction values i.e. 75% and 90%. The mechanical characteristics was investigated by tensile, hardness and 3-point bend testing and the same was correlated with microstructural features obtained through Scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Among all the processed sample conditions, the samples processed by CGR upto 90% thickness reduction represents the remarkable enhancement in tensile as well as the fracture properties. This enhancement can be attributed to dislocation strengthening and grain boundary strengthening during the development of ultra-fine grains.

Experimental Investigation on the Effect Due to Mould Vibrations on Mechanical and Metallurgical Properties of Aluminum Alloy (A-1050)

In the current research work performed, the consequences caused in the casting aluminum alloy specimen due to mechanical mould vibrations are examined. Mould vibration throughout the casting provides decreased rate of shrinkage, good morphology, surface finish and lesser probability of hot tear. In this research work, the effect of mould vibration during solidification of Aluminum A-1050 alloys for dissimilar values of wavelengths at a permanent pouring temperature has been investigated to understand the modification in microstructure and mechanical properties after casting. The Al A-1050 casting has been made in a metal mould with different vibrations. The frequencies are varied from 15Hz to 50 Hz during the casting process. A casting has been made with different vibration as well to compare the results of castings with vibration frequencies. The experimental outcomes exhibited substantial grain refinement and significant increase in tensile strength and hardness of the castings with mechanical mould vibration during the duration and after solidification.

Admissible dissimilarity value (ADV) as a measure of subsampling reliability: case study North Sea cod (Gadus morhua)

The shape of the length frequency distribution (LFD) is an important input for stock assessments and one of the most important features in studies of fish population dynamics, providing estimates of growth parameters. In practice, oversampling may occur when sampling commercially important species. At times of more and more limited resources, the length sample size can be optimized at some stages of national or regional sampling programmes, without reducing the quality of stock assessments. The main objective of this study is to demonstrate a general distribution-free methodological approach for an optimization of sample size developed as an alternative to both analytical and bootstrap approaches. A novel framework to identify the reduced but still informative sample and to quantify the (dis) similarity between reduced and original samples is proposed. The identification procedure is based on the concept of reference subsample, which represents a theoretical minimal representative subsample that despite smaller sample size still preserves a reasonably precise LFD for certain species. The difference between the original sample and the reference subsample called admissible dissimilarity value (ADV) serves as the upper threshold and can be used to quantify the reliability of derived subsamples. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to validate the approach under various LFD shapes. We illustrate in case studies how ADV can support to evaluate adequate sampling effort. The case studies focus on length samples from the German commercial vessels fishing for North Sea cod (Gadus morhua).

Geospatial evaluation of trade-offs between equity in physical access to healthcare and health systems efficiency

IntroductionDecisions regarding the geographical placement of healthcare services require consideration of trade-offs between equity and efficiency, but few empirical assessments are available. We applied a novel geospatial framework to study...

Spatiotemporal patterns of β-diversity of flower chafer beetles in urban park and natural reserve sites in Brazilian Cerrado

Understanding the drivers underlying spatial and temporal changes of species distribution is a major and urgent challenge, given the scenario of increased climate and land use changes. The creation and maintenance of urban parks is an efficient conservation strategy in urbanized landscapes. In this study, we explore how spatiotemporal β-diversity components of turnover and nestedness of flower chafer beetles are influenced by climate conditions in urban park and natural reserve sites in Brazilian Cerrado, one of the largest, richest and possibly the most threatened tropical savannah on the Planet. We sampled flower chafer beetles using aerial fruit-baited traps, every 2 weeks from January to December 2014, in six ‘natural reserve’ sites (outside the urban matrix) and four ‘urban park’ sites (within the urban matrix) in Brazilian Cerrado. Our results highlighted four main findings: (i) spatially, ‘natural reserve’ and ‘urban park’ sites presented similar values of dissimilarity and substitution of flower chafer beetles but ‘urban park’ sites had higher nestedness values than ‘natural reserve’ sites; (ii) temporally, ‘natural reserve’ and ‘urban park’ sites presented similar values of dissimilarity, turnover, and nestedness; (iii) average β-diversity, turnover and nestedness values did not differ between dry and rainy seasons in both ‘natural reserve’ and ‘urban park’ sites; and (iv) none of the climatic variables influenced the temporal variation in β-diversity and its components of flower chafer beetles. Therefore, most of spatiotemporal changes in β-diversity patterns of flower chafer beetles are not related to urbanization effects or changes in climatic variables in Brazilian Cerrado. This group of insects seems to respond more to environmental and climatic filters with changes in richness, abundance, and species composition than changes in β-diversity patterns.

A Modified Topology of a High Efficiency Bidirectional Type DC–DC Converter by Synchronous Rectification

A modified Topology to acquire high efficiency of a bidirectional method of DC–DC converter of non-isolated approach is proposed. The modified circuit involves four numbers of switches with their body diodes, passive elements as two inductors as well as a capacitor and the circuit arrangements double boost converters to progress the voltage gain. The input current of the proposed topology divided amongst the two dissimilar values of inductors produces greater efficiency. In the step-down mode, an apparent lessening in voltage gain and also enhanced efficiency can be realized in the recommended system by expending a synchronous rectification. The modified topology shields the technique for presentation of easy control configurations and is used for truncated output voltage with a large current of energy storage systems in the renewable applications as well as hybrid energy source electric vehicle applications. The simulation of the projected structure has been conducted through MATLAB/Simulink software and has been corroborated through a 12 V/180 V, 200 Watts experimental prototype circuit.

Detection and classification of breast cancer from digital mammograms using hybrid extreme learning machine classifier

AbstractBreast imaging technique called mammography has gained bigger attention among the researchers for the diagnosis of breast malignancy in the woman. Mammogram screening is the most effective procedure to visualize various potential problems in the breast. The two most common features connected with breast tumors are mass lesions and microcalcification. The collection of suitable image preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction, selection and prediction algorithms play an essential role in the accurate detection and classification of cancer on mammograms. Classification techniques estimate unlabeled datasets class labeling depending on its similarity to the pattern learned. The Glowworm Swarm Optimization(GSO) algorithm is ideal for finding several solutions, and dissimilar or equivalent objective function values at the same time. This feature of GSO is useful for optimizing the feature set obtained from multiscale feature extraction procedures. Poor performance in generalization is the issue that arises due to the unconditioned output matrix of the hidden stage of the ELM classifier. The optimization algorithms will address this matter because of their global search capabilities. This article suggests ELM with the Fruitfly Optimization Algorithm (ELM‐FOA) along with GSO to regulate the input weight to achieve maximal performance at the hidden node of the ELM. The testing precision and sensitivity of GSO‐ELM‐FOA are 100% and 97.91%, respectively. The system developed will detect the calcifications and tumors with an accuracy of 99.15%.

The Different Stages of Vestibular Neuritis from the Point of View of the Video Head Impulse Test.

Vestibular neuritis (VN) is one of the most common causes of acute vestibular syndrome (AVS). Quantifying the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain by the video Head Impulse Test (vHIT) could provide useful information to diagnose VN. This study aims to retrospectively evaluate the VOR gain values during the acute and subacute stages of the VN and to correlate these values with the patients’ dizziness-related handicap. Medical record of 28 patients with VN were reviewed. Patients were assigned to two groups according to the time since the acute vestibular syndrome (AVS). One group with patients assessed within seventy-two hours since the AVS (AVSg) and one group with patients evaluated from four days to six weeks since the AVS (PAVSg). VOR gain was evaluated in all selected patients and correlated to Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI). Significant differences were found in the between-subjects analysis in DHI score (p = 0.000) and in the ipsilesional hVOR gain values (p = 0.001). The correlation analysis showed significant results (p = 0.017) between DHI score (40 ± 16.08) and ipsilesional VOR gain (0.54 ± 0.09) in the PAVSg. Patients evaluated within 72 h since the AVS showed anticompensatory saccades (AcS) turning the head toward the contralesional side. Patients with unilateral Superior VN (SVN) could have dissimilar hVOR gain values and DHI score according to the damage of the VIII pair of cranial nerves. AcS in the contralesional side is a sign of acute phase in patients with unilateral SVN.

A new user similarity measure in a new prediction model for collaborative filtering

The Recommender Systems (RSs) based on the performance of Collaborative filtering (CF) depends on similarities among users or items obtained by a user-item rating matrix. The conventional measures such as the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC), cosine (COS), and Jaccard (JACC) provide a varied and dissimilar value when the ratings between the users lie in the positive and negative side of the rating scale. These measures are also not very effective when there is sparsity in the rating matrix of the user-item. These problems are addressed by the Proximity-Impact-Popularity (PIP) similarity measure. Even though the PIP method provides an improved solution for this problem, the range of values for each component in PIP is very high. To address this issue and to improve the performance of a CF-based RS, a modified proximity-impact-popularity (MPIP) similarity measure is introduced. The expression is designed to get PIP values within the range of 0 to 1. A modified prediction expression is proposed to predict the available and unavailable ratings by combining user- and item-related components. The proposed method is tested by using various benchmark datasets. The size of the user-item sparse matrix varies to compare the performance of the methods in terms of mean absolute error, root mean squared error, precision, recall, and F1-measure. The performance of the proposed method is statistically tested through the Friedman and McNemer test. The results obtained by using the evaluation criteria indicate that the proposed method provides a better solution than the conventional methods. The statistical analysis reveals that the proposed method provides minimum MAE and RMSE values. Similarly, it also provides a maximum F1-measure for all the sub-problems.

English

Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. (Heglig) is a multipurpose tree with considerable potential. The wide range of environments under which it is growing suggests high pattern of variation among and within locations. The scrutiny was undertaken to assess genetic diversity among and within four geographical genotypes of Heglig growing naturally in four different regions of Sudan based on their seed performance using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The DNA was extracted from dried leaf materials and subjected to PCR using ten primers. A total of 57 bands were scored and 42 were polymorphic with polymorphism level ranging from 50 to 87.5% and a mean of 71.7%. Cluster analysis using NTSYS-PC software, showed three main clusters. The dissimilarity values ranged between 77 and 93%. Effective gene flow among the three populations of Obied, Damazin and Gedaref and limited gene flow with Genaina was observed. Populations of B. aegyptiaca from different provenances were confirmed to have significant genetic diversity. Results indicate that RAPD could be efficiently used for studying genetic variation of B. aegyptiaca. The study recommends that local provenances of B. aegyptiaca should be properly conserved and immediate efforts to be made to widen the genetic base through research and collection from other regions.   Key words: Balanites aegyptiaca, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), marker, genetic variation, DNA, Sudan.

A BASELINE STUDY ON MACROZOOBENTHOS ASSEMBLAGES IN PASIR ISLAND

Biodiversity of macrozoobenthos in Pasir Island, Brebes, is under-explored. On the other hand, the baseline information regarding macrozoobenthos is essentially required for better future environmental management. This research aims to analyze macrozoobenthos community structure in the Pasir Island that has not been documented. Surveys were carried out in the rainy season. In this study, a total of 10 sampling locations were classified into two different groups that represent “control” and “disturbed” station. The main structural parameters of the macrozoobenthos identified at each station were specific richness (S), abundance (number of individuals m -2 , N) and the Pielou’s index (J). Additionally, the pairwise comparison between groups was conducted by using analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) and the similarity percentage (SIMPER) to obtain the description of community structure. A total of 1054 specimens were counted from the “control” and “disturbed” stations. These specimens belonged to five animal classes, namely, Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Malacostraca, Cephalopoda and Echinoidea. ANOSIM and SIMPER analysis demonstrated that a significant difference was found between “control“ and “disturbed“ stations with the percentage of dissimilarity value of 88.82%. In addition, environmental variables such pH, salinity and type of substrates contributed significantly to this difference. This result provides insight regarding macrozoobenthos diversity and ecological information that may contribute to further conservation management in the Pasir Island, Indonesia.

Variabilidade genética entre e dentro de grupos de Euterpe spp. com base em microssatélites

Objetivou-se neste trabalho estudar a diversidade entre e dentro de acessos da coleção de Euterpe spp. daEmpresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina - Estação Experimental de Itajaí(EPAGRI-EEI) e identificar grupos dissimilares que possam orientar cruzamentos dirigidos para obtenção decombinações genotípicas desejáveis. Para tal, foram testados 18 marcadores microssatélites, previamentedesenvolvidos para Euterpe edulis Mart. Seis deles – EE54, EE59, EE03, EE45, EE52 e EE47 - foram eficientese empregados na obtenção das estimativas desejadas. Foram revelados em média15 a 4 alelos por grupo,sendo que o conteúdo de informação polimórfica variou de 0,305 a 0,835. A partir da análise de variância foram obtidos valores de variação de 13% entre grupos, 47 e 40% entre e dentro dos acessos, respectivamente. O Método bayesiano indicou a formação de quatro grupos e a partir do dendograma com o método Ward, com 50% do valor de dissimilaridade foi possível identificar os acessos que compõe esses grupos, além de indicar os acessos com dissimilaridade baixa (≤ 10%). A diversidade encontrada possibilita a orientação de cruzamentos dirigidos, tanto para formação de híbridos intra e interespecíficos, como para retrocruzamentos.

Comparative study on heat transfer in CNTs-water nanofluid over a curved surface

Analysis are made to find the heat transfer characteristics and skin friction for two-dimensional oblique stagnation point flow of SWCNTs and MWCNTs based nanofluid flowing over a curved surface. Similarity transformations convert the governing flow field equations into a pair of non-linear ordinary differential equations, and then they are numerically solved through bvp4c function in MATLAB. The inspection of the obtained result reveals that SWCNTs based nanofluid have comparatively higher rate of heat transfer and skin friction then MWCNTs based nanofluid, which are due to their dissimilar values of densities. Moreover, in the case of flat surface (K = ∞) maximum amount of heat is transferred compared to the curved surface. The velocity distribution tends to decrease as we approach from curved to flat surface. Further, the Nusselt number provides higher values for SWCNTs case when solid fraction of nanoparticles enhances. Finally, the comparison of the current numerical results with the published literature in a limiting case is given and found to be in an excellent agreement.

Forecasting and Optimization of the Viscosity of Nano-oil Containing Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using the Response Surface Method and Sensitivity Analysis

Abstract In the current paper, the behavior of zinc oxide/SAE50 nano lubricant as a part of the new generation of coolants and lubricants is examined using response surface method (RSM). The data used in this study were viscosity at dissimilar volume concentrations (0–1.5%) and temperatures (5–50 °C) for dissimilar shear rate values. Therefore, sensitivity analysis based on variation of nanoparticle (NP) concentration and temperature was also implemented. The findings revealed that enhancing the volume fraction (φ) exacerbates the viscosity sensitivity to temperature. Given the noteworthy deviance between the experimental viscosity and the data forecasted by existing classical viscosity correlations, a novel regression model is gained. R2 and adj-R2 for this model were calculated as 0.9966 and 0.9965, respectively, which represent a very good prediction with a standard deviation of 3%.

Epigenetic diversity of Saccharum spp. accessions assessed by methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP).

The epigenetic diversity of six genotype groups (commercial cultivars, S. officinarum, S. spontaneum, S. robustum, S. barberi, and Erianthus sp.) was assessed through methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP). A total of 1341 MSAP loci were analyzed, of which 1117 (83.29%) were susceptible to cytosine methylation and responsible for a higher proportion of overall diversity among genotypes. The MSAP selective primer combinations captured different proportions of internal and external cytosine methylation loci across genotype groups, while the average external cytosine frequency was higher for all genotype groups. The genotypes were divided into two subpopulations with a high differentiation index (φst = 0.086) based on epigenetic loci. The genotypes were clustered in three subgroups for both methylated and unmethylated loci, considering dissimilarity values. Four methylated fragments (MFs) were randomly selected and subsequently sequenced and compared with sugarcane public databases using BLASTN. MF alignments suggest that cytosine methylation occurs in sugarcane near CpG islands and tandem repeats within transcribed regions and putative cis-regulatory sequences, which assigned functions are associated with stress adaptation. These results provide the first insights about the distribution of this epigenetic mark in sugarcane genome, and suggest a biological relevance of methylated loci.

SIRA - An efficient method for retrieving stereo images from anaglyphs

Anaglyph reversion aims to recover the best possible approximation of a stereo pair of images from an anaglyph. Possible applications include a range of practical situations like enabling visualization of legacy anaglyphs on the Web, saving storage/transmission bandwidth by encoding stereo pairs as anaglyphs before stereo visualization or enabling users to enjoy stereo visualization using any available device. The recovering process faces a challenging issue: the anaglyphic stereo matching. Different from regular stereo images, corresponding pixels in the left and right views of an anaglyph have dissimilar intensity values, lowering photometric consistency and thus turning the usual stereo matching algorithms not suitable. In this work we propose SIRA, an efficient method for anaglyph reversion, introducing a novel approach to find stereo correspondences based on a pixel descriptor developed to deal with anaglyphic photometric differences. The descriptor core idea is to model stereo pairs as time series, extracted from both views of an anaglyph. The series are then compared through a time series matching algorithm, providing a faster, yet accurate, pixels alignment. Occlusions are dealt with using a colorization strategy based on the nearest neighbor search. We evaluate SIRA’s computational efficiency and both objective and subjective image quality on the well-known Middlebury dataset. We also compared SIRA with state of the art related methods. The results show SIRA achieves equivalent image quality while consuming 26 times less computational resources, on average. Therefore, SIRA shows up as an effective and efficient method to convey anaglyph reversion, advantaging the aforementioned applications.

Fuzzy dissimilarity contextual intensity transformation with gamma correction for color image enhancement

The color image enhancement algorithm proposed here yields an improvement of the image data that suppresses undesired distortions or enhances some image features and convert an image to a format better suited to machine processing. The proposed Fuzzy Dissimilarity Contextual Intensity Transformation with Gamma Correction (FDCIT-GC) consists of following stages. At first, Fuzzy Dissimilarity Histogram (FDH) is constructed from the input image. It provides the mean dissimilarity value of each intensity level present in the input image. FDH is followed by clipping in order to restricts the over enhancement rate. In order to achieve better display fidelity rendition quality, Gamma Correction (GC) is applied. To restore the natural characteristics of the image, Contextual Intensity Transformation (CIT) is applied at next to get final enhanced images. Various color images from different database are experimented and the performance of the proposed FDCIT-GC algorithm is compared with several existing methods both subjectively and objectively. Test results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves better outputs than other existing techniques.

Team innovation through collaboration: how visionary leadership spurs innovation via team cohesion

ABSTRACT Post-bureaucratic, collaborative organizational arrangements possess great potential for innovation, but alignment of the dissimilar goals, values and interests of participants is required. We propose and empirically test how visionary leadership can increase innovation in multidisciplinary teams, by fostering internal team cohesion and external team boundary management. We rely on longitudinal, multi-source data concerning social welfare professionals and their team leaders across 95 teams. Our results show that visionary leadership is positively related to improved team cohesion and team boundary management over time. The positive relationship between visionary leadership and team innovation is mediated by team cohesion, but not team boundary management.

Improved visualization of diffusion-prepared MR neurography (SHINKEI) in the lumbosacral plexus combining high-intensity reduction (HIRE) technique

PurposeThis study attempted to improve visualization of the pelvic nervous system using the high-intensity reduction (HIRE)-nerve-SHeath signal increased with INKed rest-tissue RARE Imaging (SHINKEI) technique that involves subtracting signals of 3D heavily T2W images from SHINKEI images. We identified the optimum TE value for 3D heavily T2W images and assessed the usefulness of the HIRE-SHINKEI technique. Materials and methodsCoronal lumbosacral plexus images were acquired from six healthy volunteers at 3 T. We optimized the TE of the 3D heavily T2-weighted (T2W) images in HIRE-SHINKEI and compared HIRE-SHINKEI images with conventional SHINKEI images with respect to nerve depiction, and vein, bladder, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) signal suppression using a 5-point scale. ResultsIn 3D heavily T2W images optimized by HIRE-SHINKEI technique, the signal corresponding to nerves became significantly lower at TE = 400 ms (p < 0.0005), while that of veins occurred at TE = 400 ms and 600 ms (p < 0.05). The suppression of bladder signals was significant at TE = 400, 600, and 800 ms (p < 0.05); however, there was no difference in signal inhibition from CSF at all TEs tested. Based on these results, an optimal TE of 600 ms was identified for 3D heavily T2W images; these images corresponded to the minimal loss of nerve signal and simultaneous maximum subtraction of signals from the bladder, vein, and CSF with dissimilar T2 values. Compared with SHINKEI images, the optimized HIRE-SHINKEI images selectively delineated nerves in greater detail, and along with significant signal suppression of the bladder (p < 0.0001) and veins (p < 0.05). ConclusionHIRE-SHINKEI can be used to better visualize the lumbosacral plexus with higher signal suppression of other pelvic structures. Such detailed Magnetic resonance neurography and selective depiction of nerves are useful for the diagnosis of peripheral nerve disorders.