Dissemination Techniques Research Articles

Security over Wormhole Attack in VANET Network System

VANET plays important role while dealing with different vehicle communication. Security threats are always rising while working with heavy and public network. In past technique different dissemination techniques were introduced which deals with the security and proper communication in between the nodes and traffic. In this paper, previous approach over the data transmission is performed which deals with the lacking of security terms. Here a presentation of secure ECC with dynamic heuristic approach is presented which exhibit proper performance parameter while communicating in VANET network

Accounting narratives and impression management on social media

In this paper, we examine the defensive and assertive impression management strategies and the impact of firm performance on accounting narratives by investigating the earnings disclosures of FTSE 100 companies on Twitter. Social media has become the prevailing venue for organisational self-presentation because it provides firms with more control over the image they intend to establish and maintain through the communication and content they deliver online. Our findings show that firms minimise the disclosures of negative information but employ various patterns and dissemination techniques to emphasise positive information. Specifically, improving performers are more willing to post and disseminate earnings-related tweets to achieve a higher degree of stakeholder engagement than declining performers. Based on these findings, we conclude that firms present themselves on social media opportunistically to construct a positive public image.

Multi hop and Multi Direction Selection Data Dissemination Technique for Road Safety in VANET

Multi hop and Multi Direction Selection Data Dissemination Technique for Road Safety in VANET

Beyond the Page: A Process Review of Using Ethnodrama to Disseminate Research Findings

Public health researchers are charged with communicating study findings to appropriate audiences. Dissemination activities typically target the academic research community. However, as participatory research grows, researchers are increasingly exploring innovative dissemination techniques to reach broader audiences, particularly research participants and their communities. One technique is ethnodrama/ethnotheatre, a written or live performance based on study findings. Though used effectively in social change programs, dramas are seldom used to distribute research findings exclusively. Therefore, little information is available about planning and implementing an ethnodrama for this purpose. We present a case study describing the process of planning and implementing an ethnodrama in the context of the Durham Focus Group Study, which explored men’s health-seeking behaviors and experiences with health and healthcare services in Durham, North Carolina. Here, we highlight lessons learned throughout the production of the ethnodrama, and how we addressed challenges associated with transforming research data into educational entertainment. Additionally, we provide discussion of audience feedback, which indicated that our ethnodrama evoked an urgency to change health behaviors among lay persons (67%) and delivery of health services among those identifying as providers (84%), pointing to the success of the performance in both entertaining and educating the audience.

Real traffic-data based evaluation of vehicular traffic environment and state-of-the-art with future issues in location-centric data dissemination for VANETs

Extensive investigation has been performed in location-centric or geocast routing protocols for reliable and efficient dissemination of information in Vehicular Adhoc Networks (VANETs). Various location-centric routing protocols have been suggested in literature for road safety ITS applications considering urban and highway traffic environment. This paper characterizes vehicular environments based on real traffic data and investigates the evolution of location-centric data dissemination. The current study is carried out with three main objectives: (i) to analyze the impact of dynamic traffic environment on the design of data dissemination techniques, (ii) to characterize location-centric data dissemination in terms of functional and qualitative behavior of protocols, properties, and strengths and weaknesses, and (iii) to find some future research directions in information dissemination based on location. Vehicular traffic environments have been classified into three categories based on physical characteristics such as speed, inter-vehicular distance, neighborhood stability, traffic volume, etc. Real traffic data is considered to analyze on-road traffic environments based on the measurement of physical parameters and weather conditions. Design issues are identified in incorporating physical parameters and weather conditions into data dissemination. Functional and qualitative characteristics of location-centric techniques are explored considering urban and highway environments. Comparative analysis of location-centric techniques is carried out for both urban and highway environments individually based on some unique and common characteristics of the environments. Finally, some future research directions are identified in the area based on the detailed investigation of traffic environments and location-centric data dissemination techniques.

Using clustering for target tracking in vehicular ad hoc networks

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) have recently drawn the attention of academic and industry researchers due to their potential applications in enabling various Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) applications for safety, entertainment, emergency response, and content sharing. Another potential application for VANETs lies in vehicle tracking, where a tracking system is used to visually track a specific vehicle or to monitor a particular area. For such applications, a large volume of information is required to be transferred between certain vehicles and a command and control centre, which can easily congest the wireless network in a VANET if not designed properly. The development of low-delay, low-overhead, and precise tracking systems in VANET is a major challenge requiring novel techniques to guarantee performance and to reduce network congestion. Among the several proposed data dissemination and management methods implemented in VANETs, clustering has been used to reduce data propagation traffic and to facilitate network management. However, clustering for target tracking in VANETs is still a challenge due to the dynamic nature of such networks. We have proposed two cluster-based algorithms for target tracking in VANETs in our previous works [1,2]. These algorithms provide a reliable and stable platform for tracking a vehicle based on its visual features. In this paper, we have demonstrated the performance evaluation and testing results of both of our algorithms in the context of vehicular tracking under various scenarios. We have also compared the performance of both our algorithms to assess the performance of distributed algorithms as compared to centralized cluster-based target tracking algorithms. Besides, we have tested two data dissemination techniques for information delivery. Performance evaluation results demonstrate clearly that the proposed clustering schemes provide better performance for target tracking applications as compared to other cluster-based algorithms.

Fault-Tolerance Evaluation of VANET Under Different Data Dissemination Models

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes, which form temporary networks over infrastructure-less environments. Over the last few years, Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) technology has been considered as an active research area. VANET is a sub class of MANET with some unique characteristics such as fast vehicle speed, frequent topology changes and restricted mobility on roads. The communication between vehicles provides a new avenue for different types of applications such as safety, traffic management, entertainment, etc. These applications are categorized based on how data is transmitted from source to destination. The performance of such applications does not only depend on routing protocols, but also on the data dissemination mechanism. Data dissemination in VANETs is a significant factor, which can be accomplished using four different models: Dynamic Source Dynamic Destination (DSDD), Dynamic Source Static Destination (DSSD), Static Source Dynamic Destination (SSDD), and Static Source Static Destination (SSSD). Each one of these models is suitable for specific types of applications. In this paper, the authors study and evaluate the fault-tolerance of VANET under different data dissemination techniques in terms of throughput, average End-to-End delay, and percentage of packet loss. the authors used NCTUns 6.0 network simulator and IEEE 802.11p wireless communication standard. Their findings show that DSDV is more fault-tolerant than both DSR and AODV in terms of packet loss percentage for all dissemination techniques. However, AODV shows better performance in average End-to-End delay and throughput under DSDD and SSDD techniques.

Accounting Narratives and Impression Management on Social Media

Social media has become a prevailing venue for organisational self-presentation because it provides firms with more control over the image they intend to establish and maintain through the communication and content they deliver online. In this paper, we examine the defensive and assertive impression management strategies and the impact of firm performance on accounting narratives by investigating the earnings disclosure of FTSE 100 companies on Twitter. Our findings show that firms minimise the disclosure of negative information but employ various patterns and dissemination techniques to emphasise positive information. Specifically, improving performers are more willing to post and disseminate earnings tweets to attain a higher degree of stakeholder engagement than declining performers. Based on these findings, we conclude that firms present themselves on social media opportunistically to construct a positive public image.

Antimicrobial Assay of Newly Synthesised Copper Complex Derived from Tolylamine

An attempt has been made to synthesise the Schiff base ligand (E)-4-bromo-2-((p-tolylimino)methyl)phenol by the condensation of tolylamine and 5-bromosalicylaldedhye and the coordination behavior its copper complex has been explored by various spectroscopic techniques like UV-Vis., IR, 1H NMR, MS and elemental analysis. The investigative information of the unpredictable demonstrates the arrangement of 1:2 Copper to ligand proportion with the formula [CuL2]. The ligand and the copper chelate have been screened for their antimicrobial activities utilizing disc dissemination technique against gram positive and gram negative bacterial species like Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumonia and parasitic species like Candida and Aspergillus .

IBCAST: An Intelligent Broadcasting Technique for Efficient Bandwidth Utilization in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks

Objectives: To propose a new Data Dissemination Technique that intelligently works for finding the Best forwarding node. By using this forwarding Technique, the effective utilization of Bandwidth is achieved. Methods/Analysis: The Link Expiration Time and the Distance Rate is calculated between two vehicles within a Transmission Range. Node having the minimum Link Expiration Time is chosen as the next forwarder. Findings: Number of Redundant Transmission is reduced and the Bandwidth is efficiently utilized in Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANETs). Conclusion/Application: This paper proposes an Intelligent Broadcasting Technique which involves selecting best Forwarder node. Thus it reduces the number of redundant transmission and utilizes the Bandwidth efficiently.

Secure Data Dissemination Scheme for Vehicular Relay Network based on Predictive Clustering

Background/Objectives: In the current work, a new approach named as Secure Data dissemination scheme for Vehicular Relay Network based Predictive Clustering has been accomplished by incorporating fuzzy decision system and secure vehicle authentication mechanism to improve our existing solution Energy Efficient Predictive Clustering approach. Methods/Statistical Analysis: In past several years, tremendous growth has been observed in vehicular network capabilities for information processing, which makes it an enthralling research area. Integration of vehicular network with next generation of wireless communication technologies provides increased comfort and safety for passengers in the vehicle. The network topology of vehicular networks is highly dynamic in nature that results in high overhead because of the missing central control and increased network traffic. However, to maintain quality of service without compromising any critical parameters is a challenging task in the vehicular networks. Hence, there is a requirement of an intelligent data dissemination technique that minimizes the complexity of the network by providing a backbone architecture that collects the node into multiple clusters. Findings: The performance evaluation of the introduced scheme is estimated using pervasive simulations confirm the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in terms of improved cluster stability and longer cluster head lifetime that decrease the overhead while also demonstrating improved reliability. Application/ Improvements: This scheme helps in improving the data deamination and security in the vehicular relay network that can be beneficial for those real time applications where data delivered on time is essential like emergency alerts, critical passenger information and traffic information.

Use of internet for innovation management by extension agents in Oyo State

This study examined extension agents’ perception of the use of the Internet for sourcing and disseminating agricultural innovation in Oyo state. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 80 respondents. Data collected with a questionnaire were subjected to descriptive and Pearson product moment correlation analysis. Findings reveal that mean income, age, and working experience of respondents were ₦341,890, 39 years and 11 years, respectively. The Internet was extensively used by 47.5 percent of the respondents, and 51.2% accessed the Internet with their mobile phones. Information sourced included responses to farmers’ feedback (76.2%) and better dissemination techniques (72.5%). Many (56.2%) perceived use of Internet positively. A significant relationship existed between extent of use and perception of Internet use for innovation management (r = 0.231 p < 0.05). It is therefore recommended that extension agencies should provide facilities to increase Internet access for extension agents and re-orientate them on better use of the Internet for sourcing and disseminating of innovation in order to sustain extension system for agricultural transformation. Keywords: Innovation management, extension services, and Internet use

A study on ITS-90 type 3 non-uniqueness between freezing points of Al and Ag

This work presents an investigation about the type 3 non-uniqueness of the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) between the aluminium (660°C) and silver (962°C) freezing points, carried out at the Italian National Institute of Metrology (INRiM) within the framework of the EMRP—JRP SIB10 NOTED (Novel Techniques for Traceable Temperature Dissemination). For this purpose six High Temperature Standard Platinum Resistance Thermometers (HTSPRTs) from different manufacturers were calibrated at the ITS-90 fixed points, then intercompared in a sodium Gas Controlled Heat Pipe (GCHP) at 25K intervals between the aforementioned fixed points; a temperature uniformity and stability within ±0.5mK was achieved in the whole range between 660°C and 962°C. This paper presents the results of type 3 non-uniqueness analysis of these test HTSPRTs, together with problems deriving from their stability, which is the largest source of uncertainty in this work.

(R)Evolutionary Emergency Planning

This article discusses how a library can revise its existing Emergency, Disaster and Continuity of Operations plans, through the utilization of an ongoing review cycle, new dissemination techniques, and expanded training protocols. While reviews of existing emergency plans typically happen in response to actual emergencies, flipping that scenario by conducting ongoing reviews with a small, dedicated committee will expand preparedness. The paper identifies important steps to follow in revising emergency plans and discusses incorporating e-book and short form formats to enhance training and documentation.

Abstract A52: Sociodemographic predictors of HPV and HPV vaccine knowledge and awareness among Americans who use the Internet as their primary source of health information

Abstract Background: There is a growing need to provide digital access to accurate and up-to-date health information as millions of Americans now consider the internet their primary source of health information. Information on sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and the HPV vaccine, is a health topic that receives a lot of attention among internet users. HPV is the most common STI in the United States and globally, and some oncogenic strains of the virus are causally linked to several anogenital cancers and oropharyngeal cancer. Three HPV vaccines have been licensed for use in preventing 70% to 90% of HPV strains associated with cervical cancer, and other anogenital cancers that affect both sexes. Yet, there are still gaps in HPV knowledge in the general population, and HPV vaccine uptake remains abysmally low, especially among males. There is a dearth of information on sociodemographic predictors of HPV and HPV vaccine knowledge among internet users. We aimed to fill this gap by examining racial and gender disparities in HPV and HPV vaccine awareness among US adults that use the internet as their primary source of health information. Methods: Data were obtained from the National Cancer Institute's 2014 the Health Information National Trends Survey Cycles 3 and 4 (HINTS; N=6,862), a cross-sectional random-digit-dialed telephone survey of noninstitutionalized adults aged 18 years or older. Excluding respondents who used other sources to seek health information resulted in a final sample size of 3,038 individuals who reported using the internet as their primary source. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression were used to assess racial/ethnic and gender disparities in HPV HPV vaccination awareness. Results: Approximately 70% of respondents used the internet to seek health information. Nearly 72% of internet users and 39% of non-internet users reported an awareness of HPV and the vaccination. In multivariate analyses, age, gender, race and education were significant predictors of HPV and HPV vaccine awareness. Older adults were less likely to be aware of HPV (OR=0.35; 95% CI: 0.21, 0.58) and the HPV vaccine (OR=0.33; 95% CI: 0.19, 0.59) compared to younger adults. Females were 3.31 (95% CI: 2.41, 4.56) times and 4.26 (95% CI: 3.10, 5.86) times more likely to be aware of HPV and HPV vaccination compared to males, respectively. Non-Hispanic Blacks (OR=0.43; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.69) were less likely to be aware of HPV vaccination than non-Hispanic Whites; but there was no statistically significant difference between non-Hispanic Blacks and non-Hispanic Whites regarding their awareness of HPV. There were no statistical differences between non-Hispanic Whites and Hispanics regarding their knowledge of HPV and the HPV vaccination. The likelihood of being aware of HPV and the HPV vaccine declined steadily across education levels. Individuals without a high school diploma reported the least awareness (OR=0.24; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.62) compared to those with a college degree or higher. Conclusion: Despite the large number of individuals who use the internet to seek health information, gaps remain in HPV and HPV vaccine awareness among internet users. Also, racial and gender disparities in HPV and HPV vaccine awareness persist even among internet users. Continued education and alternative information dissemination techniques are imperative to improve HPV and HPV vaccine awareness, and to eliminate gender and racial/ethnic disparities. Citation Format: Nosayaba Osazuwa-Peters, Betelihem B. Tobo, Rebecca M. Gordon, Eric Adjei Boakye. Sociodemographic predictors of HPV and HPV vaccine knowledge and awareness among Americans who use the Internet as their primary source of health information. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016;25(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A52.

Efficient techniques for time-constrained information dissemination using location-based social networks

Social networks have undergone an explosive growth in recent years. They constitute a central part of users׳ everyday lives as they are used as major tools for the spread of information, ideas and notifications among the members of the network. In this work we investigate the use of location-based social networks as a medium of emergency notification, for efficient dissemination of emergency information among members of the social network under time constraints. Our objective is the following: given a location-based social network comprising a number of mobile users, the social relationships among the users, the set of recipients, and the corresponding timeliness requirements, our goal is to select an appropriate subset of users so that the spread of information is maximized, time constraints are satisfied and costs are considered. We propose LATITuDE, our system that investigates the interactions among the members of the social network to infer their social relationships, and develop scalable dissemination mechanisms that select the most efficient set of users to initiate the dissemination process in order to maximize the information reach among the appropriate receivers within a time window. Our detailed experimental results illustrate that our approach is practical, effectively addresses the problem of informing the appropriate set of users within a deadline when an emergency event occurs, uses a small number of messages, and consistently outperforms its competitors.

Theoretical analysis on caching effects in urban vehicular ad hoc networks

AbstractMost applications in urban vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) rely on information sharing, such as real‐time traffic information queries, and advertisements. However, existing data dissemination techniques cannot guarantee satisfactory performance when amounts of information requests come from all around the network. Because these pieces of information are useful for multiple users located in various positions, it is beneficial to spread the cached copies around. Existing work proposed caching mechanisms and conducted simulations for validation, but there is a lack of theoretical analysis on the explicit caching effects. Because of the complex urban environment and high mobility of vehicles, quantifying the caching effects on the VANET performance is quite challenging. We present the cache coverage ratio as the metric to measure the caching effects, and theoretical analysis is given based on reasonable assumptions for urban VANETs, through which we find the affecting factors include vehicle density, transmission range, and ratio of caching vehicles. We deduce the quantitative relationship among them, which have similar forms as the cumulative density function of an exponential distribution. We also consider the impact of vehicle mobility to predict the future cache effect on surrounding roads of the caching area. We conduct intensive simulations, which verify that the theoretical analysis results match quite well with the simulated reality under different scenarios. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

On minimizing the system information age in vehicular ad-hoc networks via efficient scheduling and piggybacking

Recent advances in vehicular networks have enforced researchers to focus on various information dissemination techniques. Exchanging information among the vehicles is imperative due to the ever-changing network topology in vehicular networks. However, random transmitter selection in traditional CSMA based channel access mechanism limits the delay performance. Data, such as state information, is often time critical, and hence, efficient information dissemination techniques to improve delay performance are essential. In this work, we aim to minimize the average system age which is the mean number of time slots old a vehicle's information is at all other vehicles in the network. To achieve this, we explore the benefits of simultaneous transmission along with piggybacking of information for multi-hop communication. While allowing simultaneous transmission guarantees faster dissemination of information, piggybacking facilitates dissemination of more information per transmission, thereby keeping the network more updated. We have also analysed the relationship between piggybacked information and number of vehicles in the network. Simulation results show improvement in network performance. Our analytical results are in good agreement with the simulation results.

Energy evaluation of AID protocol in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are communication networks formed on the fly by radio-equipped mobile nodes without relying on any fixed infrastructure. Flooding is the simplest technique for information dissemination in ad hoc based networks, in which nodes disseminate a received message to all their neighbors. This algorithm leads to the broadcast storm problem that severely affects the energy consumption due to redundant submissions. To regulate redundant submissions, which can cause more collisions and requires more energy, recently there have been developed numerous broadcasting techniques. These techniques have been mainly proposed to solve the storm problem by preventing certain nodes from rebroadcasting received messages and/or by differentiating the timing of rebroadcasts. In this paper, we have evaluated and compared an adaptive information dissemination (AID) algorithm with other MANETs broadcasting protocols with respect to the energy efficiency. In AID, each node can dynamically adjust the values of its local parameters using information from neighboring nodes without requiring any additional effort, such as distance measurements or exact location-determination of nodes. Simulation results are reported and show that adaptive broadcasting schemes are most efficient with respect to save broadcast, energy consumption, and reachability.

Comparative Analysis of Different Data Dissemination Techniques based Genetic Algorithm and Fuzzy in Vehicular Adhoc Networks (VANETs)

In today‟s world Vehicular adhoc network done promising job towards public safety and provide important element to the transport facility. A Vehicular adhoc network is a new technology which has garnered enormous attention in recent years.VANETs is a special class of MANETs which uses vehicles as a mobile node. It uses the Intelligent transportation system in which vehicles can communicate with each other to avoid large number of problems such as real-time traffic problem, parking availability problem etc. The communication among the vehicles is at greater risk because the messages are broadcasted by wireless channel and vehicles move with high mobility. VANET does not have any fixed infrastructure Data dissemination is the tough job among these vehicles. While driving, a large amount of data and information are accessible to everyone. Many attractive applications over vehicular ad hoc network (VANETs) need data to be transmitted to the remote destinations through multiple paths, but some unique characteristics of VANETs incur unstable data delivery performances. Data dissemination in VANETs is more challenging because vehicles are highly mobile. Efficient data dissemination to a desired number of receivers in a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a new issue and a challenging one considering the dynamic nature of VANETs. To overcome such situation and achieve efficient data dissemination among these vehicles different techniques are used. This paper represents a simple and robust dissemination technique that efficiently deals with data dissemination where the density of roadside base stations and vehicles distribution are both high. This technique divides the users in two categories premium user as well as free users. This paper illustrates three schemes such as fuzzy inference system, genetic algorithm scheme and hybrid of fuzzy inference and genetic algorithm. Two types of users have been taken in this paper.