Disruption Of Daily Life Research Articles

The Covid-19 Pandemic: Territorial, Political and Governance Dimensions of Bordering

ABSTRACT Whether we talk about the global scale of the threat or focus on the disruption and potential reversal of processes and realities that we assumed immutable, the epochal significance of the COVI-19 pandemic is indisputable. Since the 9/11 terrorist attacks, no other event has revived territorial borders and sent territorialist shockwaves across the world as COVID-19. The wave of contagion and fear that shadowed the discovery of the coronavirus at the end of 2019 was followed by a wave of bordering in the spring of 2020 when borders were broadly closed as a kneejerk reaction to a threat perceived largely as external. With a focus on Europe, North America and Africa, this special issue aims to advance our knowledge of the multiscalar and multidimensional dynamics triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic in various border contexts. The articles in this special issue investigate the response of institutional structures and the agency of regional actors in the face of rebordering, the securitización of the pandemic, the essentialization of fear, the disruption of daily life and livelihoods, the contestation of border closures vis-à-vis questions of survival, and the re/deconstruction of borders dictated by shifting power balances supporting contested border regimes. In the aggregate, this collection of articles reminds us that territory and territoriality remain vigorous and fitting instruments in the toolbox of nation states as demonstrated by the rebordering shocks triggered by the coronavirus pandemic across the world.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Dietary Counseling Session Attendance and Self-Monitoring Adherence Dur034 a Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention

ObjectivesTo assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on participants’ intervention counseling session attendance and dietary self-monitoring adherence during the Personal Diet Study, a remote behavioral weight loss intervention for individuals with overweight and obesity with pre-diabetes and moderately controlled type 2 diabetes. MethodsParticipants (n = 200) were instructed to complete four in-person measurement visits, enter their meals daily in a smartphone application, and attend 14 virtual group nutrition counseling sessions over a 6-month intervention period. Due to COVID-19, the assessments were modified to be conducted remotely. We stratified participants into 3 categories: a) all study measures and intervention occurred before the start of the COVID-19 pandemic (BEFORE, n = 106) b) a portion of the intervention or follow-up measures occurred after the start of the pandemic (MIXED, n = 54), and 3) all study measures and intervention took place after the start of the pandemic (AFTER, n = 40). Attendance was defined as percentage of counseling intervention sessions attended. Dietary self-monitoring adherence was measured as percentage of days participants entered at least 50% of their daily caloric goal in a smart phone application. Between-group differences were assessed using linear regression models. ResultsMean [SD] counseling session attendance for the MIXED (72.6%, [28.9%]) and AFTER (73.8% [28.1%]) groups did not differ from the BEFORE group (64.5% [31.8%]), p = 0.26 and 0.22 respectively. Adherence to dietary self-monitoring was lower for the MIXED group (25.5% [30.55]) compared to BEFORE group (36.0% [34.8%], p = 0.03), but did not differ between the AFTER (44.5% [35.8%]) and BEFORE groups (p = 0.288). ConclusionsIntervention counseling attendance did not change substantially due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The MIXED group had lower self-monitoring adherence rates than the BEFORE grouip, which may be due to disruptions in daily life and habits that occurred in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Virtual weight loss counseling methods are a practical way of circumventing program disruptions without compromising protocol adherence. Funding SourcesThis research was supported by the American Heart Association.

Factors associated with changes in exercise behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic.

PurposeThere is limited information on how the COVID-19 pandemic has changed health behaviors among cancer patients. We examined changes in exercise behaviors since the pandemic and identified characteristics associated with these changes among cancer patients.MethodsCancer patients (n = 1,210) completed a survey from August to September 2020 to assess COVID-19 pandemic-related changes in health behaviors and psychosocial factors. Patients were categorized into three groups: exercising less, exercising did not change, and exercising more. Patient characteristics were compared by exercise groups.ResultsOne-third of the patients reported a decreased amount of regular exercise, while 10% reported exercising more during the pandemic. Patients who exercised less were more likely to be unemployed/retired and have poor health status and psychosocial stressors such as disruptions in daily life while less likely to be former smokers (all p < 0.05). In contrast, patients who exercised more were younger, had stage IV diagnosis, and also reported disruptions in daily life (all p < 0.05). Patients who were living in rural areas were also more likely not to experience changes in exercise habits (all p < 0.05), although rural–urban status was not identified as a strong predictor.ConclusionA significant proportion of cancer patients experienced changes in exercise habits, especially exercising less, during the first 6 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Age, employment status, tumor stage, health status, smoking status, and psychosocial factors were associated with changes in exercise behaviors. Our results highlight the importance of promoting physical activity guidelines for cancer survivorship during the COVID-19 pandemic and may help improve the identification of cancer patients susceptible to exercising less.

Young onset Parkinson's disease: Biographical disruption as a repetitive process.

Young Onset Parkinson's Disease (YOPD) is a complex condition which raises issues of interpretation and understanding of individuals' biographies. While interviewing seventeen people with YOPD from Greece, the issue of biographical disruption emerged. Parkinson's is a neurodegenerative disorder divided in five stages and has no permanent cure; based on this knowledge, individuals reconstruct their past and see their future. Under this perspective, unlike other chronic illnesses, in the case of Parkinson's disease interviewees have designated dimensions of disruption that are experienced due to continuous degeneration and while narrating their stories they designated disruptions even before diagnosis. In this article, biographical disruption is understood as a repetitive process and the latter is perceived as a continuous process caused by neurodegeneration; it never stops and is constructed through multiple dimensions: (a) bodily, (b) daily, (c) in stages and (d) biographical. These dimensions are interrelated and construct, both theoretically and analytically, the concept of disruption in daily life with a neurodegenerative disorder. Through the concept of repetitiveness, the complexity of living with PD is understood and also the need for deconstructing expected social roles.

More Lies Lead to More Memory Impairments in Daily Life.

Previous studies have demonstrated that lying can undermine memory and that its memory-undermining effects could be modulated by the cognitive resources required to tell lies. We extended the investigation of the memory-undermining effect by using a daily life setting in which participants were highly involved in a mock shopping task. Participants were randomly assigned to truth-telling, denying or mixed lying conditions. After finishing the shopping task, participants were told that two people wanted to know about their shopping lists and would ask them some questions in an interview. During the interview, participants were asked whether each of ten items were on the shopping list, five of which were randomly selected from the shopping list, while the other five were not sold in the store. In answering the interview questions, the truth-telling group was asked to respond honestly, the denying group was asked to give denial responses, and the mixed lying group was asked to respond deceptively. Thus, the denying group told five lies and the mixed lying group told ten lies in the interview. The item memory test, source memory test and destination memory test were given in an orderly manner 48 h after the interview. We found that the mixed lying group, rather than the denying group, forgot the lies they told in the interview and mistakenly believed they had lied about something that they had not lied about. Moreover, the mixed lying group retained fewer memories about the person they responded to than the honest group. In addition, participants in the mixed lying group had more non-believed memories than those in the truth-telling group in both item and source memory tests. We conclude that more lies could result in more memory disruptions in daily life.

The effect of music on sleep

Sleep is essential to human survival, yet issues with getting restful, consistent sleep is a common problem. One in three adults do not get the recommended amount of sleep1, creating myriad issues, from physical illness to mental and cognitive disorders, poor work attendance, and disruptions in daily life.2 Traumatic experiences that occur early in life can have life long health implications, including sleep disorders and insufficient sleep.3 With the advent of COVID-19, people in the United States and across the world were forced to quarantine themselves, thereby disturbing previously established norms of behavior, daily engagement with others, and sleeping habits. Being able to rejuvenate the physical, emotional, and mental state through sleep became more important yet also more difficult amidst the stresses of the pandemic.4Healthcare professionals are seeking alternate patient treatment forms regarding healthy sleeping patterns. Music is one solution to this ongoing problem because it is easily accessible, can be personalized to individual tastes, is cost effective, cost avoidant, and lacking in serious side effects. The focus of this article is to explain how music impacts sleep, sleep disorders, and to offer suggestions to optimize sleeping patterns through the conscientious application of music and music therapy. Keywords: sleep, music, health, sleep disorders, pandemic, music therapy

Chinese Younger Parents' Quality of Life During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Do Job Changes and Family Conflicts Matter?

The quality of life (QoL) might have been decreased owing to social disruptions in daily life and basic functioning after the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. This work aims to examine the relationship between job changes, family conflicts, and QoL among parents during COVID-19 in China. We recruited 1,209 adults through an online cross-sectional survey in China during the COVID-19 lockdown from April 21 to April 28, 2020. Convenient and cluster sampling methods were used to recruit parents. The global health items in the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) were used as a measurement for QoL. Data were mainly analyzed by multiple linear regression with SPSS. Both marital conflict (β = −0.243, p < 0.001) and parent–child conflict (β = −0.119, p = 0.001) were negatively associated with the QoL among parents during the lockdown. Job changes moderated the relationship between marital conflict and QoL (β = −0.256, p = 0.022). In addition, the interaction effects of job changes and family conflict on QoL were significant only among fathers and one-child families. This study indicated that family conflict was a crucial factor correlated with QoL among young parents in the backdrop of the COVID-19 lockdown. Job changes could interact with marital conflict and parent–child conflict on the quality of life.

In-Silico Identification of Natural Compounds from Traditional Medicine as Potential Drug Leads against SARS-CoV-2 Through Virtual Screening.

The novel coronavirus strain SARS-CoV-2 is the virus responsible for the recent global health crisis, as it causes the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) in humans. Due to its high rate of spreading and significant fatality rates, the situation has escalated to a pandemic, which is the cause of immense disruption in daily life. In this study, we have taken a docking-based virtual screening approach to select natural molecules (from plants) with possible therapeutic potential. For this purpose, AUTODOCK Vina-based determination of binding affinity values (blind and active-site oriented) was obtained to short-list molecules with possible inhibitory potential against the main Mpro in SARS-CoV-2 (PDB ID 6Y2F -the monomeric form). The 4 molecules selected were Chebuloside (−8.2; −8.2), Acetoside (−8.0; −8.0), Corilagin (−8.1; −7.7) and Arjunolic Acid (−8.0; −7.6) (blind and active-site oriented docking scores (Kcal/mol) in parenthesis, respectively). Further, a comparative search, with FDA-approved drugs, has shown that Ouabain was comparable to Chebuloside with a similarity score of 0.227. This in silico finding with respect to Ouabain is significant, since this polycyclic glycoside has been shown to treat COVID-19 positive patients with a cardiovascular disease. Hydrocortisone was similar to Arjunolic acid with a score of 0.539. Again, this likeness is worthy of mention, since hydrocortisone has been used earlier for the treatment of SARS-CoV1 and MERS. However, further experimentation and validation of the results, in suitable biological model systems, are necessary to gain more insight and relevance as well as provide corroborative evidence for our in-silico findings.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40011-021-01292-5.

Diet and physical activity during the first COVID-19 lockdown in France (March-May 2020)

BackgroundTo counter the spread of COVID-19 and avoid overwhelmed health-care systems and numerous deaths, strict lockdown measures were adopted by many countries, causing an unprecedented disruption of daily life. Our objective was to explore the changes in dietary intakes, physical activity, body weight, and food supply occurring during the first lockdown in France (March-May 2020), in light of individual characteristics.Methods37,252 adults from the French web-based NutriNet-Santé cohort completed lockdown-specific questionnaires. Nutrition-related changes and their sociodemographic and lifestyle correlates were investigated using multi-adjusted logistic regressions. Clusters of participants were defined combining multiple correspondence analyses and an ascending hierarchical classification.ResultsDuring the lockdown, trends of unfavorable changes were observed: decreased physical activity (53% of the participants), increased sedentary time (63%), increased snacking, decreased consumption of fresh food (especially fruit and fish), and increased consumption of sweets, cookies, and cakes. Yet, the opposite trends were also observed: increased home cooking (40%) and increased physical activity (19%). Additionally, 35% of the participants gained weight (mean weight gain in these individuals:1.8kg (SD:1.3) and 23% lost weight (2kg (SD:1.4)). All of these trends displayed associations with sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics.ConclusionsThese results suggest that nutrition-related changes occurred during the lockdown in both unfavorable and favorable directions, and differed according to individual characteristics.Key messages COVID-19-related lockdown in France led to nutritional changes in both unfavorable and favorable directions, linked to sociodemographic and lifestyle inequalities.Unfavorable changes should be considered to inform future lockdown decisions and monitored to prevent a future increase in the nutrition-related burden of disease.

Does COVID-19 count?: Defining Criterion A trauma for diagnosing PTSD during a global crisis.

IntroductionThe ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic is a globally significant crisis with a rapid spread worldwide, high rates of illness and mortality, a high degree of uncertainty, and a disruption of daily life across the sociodemographic spectrum. The clinically relevant psychological consequences of this catastrophe will be long‐lasting and far‐reaching. There is an emerging body of empirical literature related to the mental health aspects of this pandemic and this body will likely expand exponentially. The COVID‐19 pandemic is an example of a historic catastrophe from which we can learn much and from which the field will need to archive, interpret, and synthesize a multitude of clinical and research observations.MethodsIn this commentary, we discuss situations and contexts in which a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may or may not apply within the context of diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition (DSM‐5) criteria.ResultsOur consensus is that a COVID‐related event cannot be considered traumatic unless key aspects of DSM‐5's PTSD Criterion A have been established for a specific type of COVID‐19 event (e.g., acute, life‐threatening, and catastrophic).ConclusionThe application of a more liberal interpretation of Criterion A will dilute the PTSD diagnosis, increase heterogeneity, confound case–control research, and create an overall sample pool with varying degrees of risk and vulnerability factors.

In Case You Haven't Heard…

Nearly half (48%) of U.S. teens are concerned about experiencing social anxiety in transitioning back to “normal” life, according to a new survey released Aug. 11 by the Morgan Stanley Alliance for Children's Mental Health. The survey polled a nationally representative group of 516 U.S. teens ages 15–19 to gather insights regarding the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on mental health. Following a year that included remote learning and disruption of daily life, 47% of teens expressed concern about falling behind in school and 43% reported they are concerned about mental health challenges as a result of the pandemic. Additionally, as many as one‐third of teens are anxious about returning to in‐person learning. Two‐thirds of U.S. teens feel hopeful they will adapt and rebound from the pandemic, the survey found. According to the study, 64% of Black teens and 52% of Hispanic teens (vs. 44% of white teens) expressed concern about experiencing social anxiety following the COVID‐19 pandemic. Despite the issues facing teens, 42% have increased the number of conversations with others about mental health.

The prevalence and characteristics of misophonia in Ankara, Turkey: population-based study.

Misophonia is defined as significant distress (anger, distress or disgust) when exposed to certain sounds that would not affect most people, such as lip smacking or gum chewing. Although misophonia is common, the aetiology, prevalence and effective treatments are largely unknown. Based on our proposed diagnostic criteria, we examined the prevalence of misophonia and its relationship with clinical and demographic variables in a large representative population sample. We used a household sample (N = 541) of all residents aged >15 years, living in 300 homes randomly selected in Ankara city centre, Turkey. All participants were assessed at their homes by trained interviewers, for sociodemographic variables, misophonic sounds and related factors, using a semi-structured interview (the Misophonia Interview Schedule) developed for the current research. The current misophonia diagnosis prevalence was 12.8% (n = 69 of 541), although 427 (78.9%) participants reported at least one sound that was distressing. The mean number of misophonic sounds was 8.6 (s.d. 8.9, range 0-44); the figure was 17.6 in those with misophonia compared with 7.3 in those without misophonia. Of those with misophonia, only 5.8% contacted services for their condition. Predictors of misophonia diagnosis included younger age, family history of misophonia and previous contact with mental health services. Our study showed that misophonia is common in the general population, may cause significant disruption in daily life and is undertreated. Although more evidence is needed to classify misophonia as a psychiatric disorder, our findings support others who claim that the condition belongs to the group of mental disorders.

63 The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Social Determinants of Health on Patients in a Rural Academic Emergency Department

Stay-at-home orders and social distancing recommendations, combined with COVID-19 concerns, have caused significant disruptions in daily life. Throughout the pandemic, vulnerable populations, commonly seen within the University of Iowa emergency department, have been more negatively affected by COVID-19.

Experiences of nurses working with COVID‐19 patients: A qualitative study

BackgroundThe global COVID‐19 pandemic has led to massive disruptions in daily life, business, education, lifestyle and economies worldwide. Nurses are a professional group who care directly for COVID‐19 patients and thus face direct exposure to the virus. The nurses who work on the front lines during this period put their own well‐being at risk to care for these patients.Purpose/AimThe aim of this study was to identify the experiences and challenges faced by nurses working in pandemic clinics in Turkey during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsThis qualitative study was based on semi‐structured in‐depth interviews conducted through the mobile application Whatsapp with 19 nurses who were actively working in pandemic clinics. Due to the pandemic, the snowball sampling method was used to reach the sample group. Interviews were continued until data saturation was achieved. All interviews were audio recorded and later transcribed. The study data were interpreted according to themes identified using thematic analysis. Throughout the study, the authors followed the COREQ checklist.ResultsThe experiences of nurses caring for COVID‐19 patients were summarised into five major themes: psychosocial adaptation, protection, difficulty in care and treatment, access to information and working conditions.ConclusionNurses caring for COVID‐19 patients in Turkey have been affected psychologically, socially and physiologically. They experienced stigmatisation, exhaustion and burnout. One of the biggest challenges for the nurses was difficulty providing physical care and treatment due to the use of personal protective equipment. Nurses want improved compensation in addition to applause from the public. Interventions to help bolster nurses’ psychological and physiological strength are recommended.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study emphasised nurses’ psychologically, socially and physiologically affected. Therefore, improvements in financial and moral support would provide psychological reinforcement for nurses during the epidemic. Informing the public is necessary to reduce the stigmatisation of nurses working in pandemic clinics.

Homo Oeconomicus and the Limits of Storytelling: Italian Apocalyptic Fiction of the Long Downturn

This paper focuses on three contemporary Italian novels that operate within the apocalyptic paradigm and voice a sense of collapsing reality that characterized Italy in the wake of the global financial crisis. Ruggero Cappuccio's Fuoco su Napoli (2010), Gianni Miraglia's Muori Milano muori! (2011), and Francesca Genti's La febbre (2011) represent worlds in which the disruption of daily life exposes the invisible conventions that make it possible. In shaping narratives in which their characters attempt to cope with the fact that their worlds are coming to a definitive end because of their relationship to profit, power, and spectacle, the authors articulate an underlying critique of the present socio-economic system and its ancillary effects. From this perspective, these novels highlight the ways in which the neoliberal economic system of the long downturn undermines the conditions that guarantee the future of social and biophysical life as we know it. I argue that the manipulation enacted by the authors in relation to established genre paradigms invites a rearrangement of values and of human relations with respect to homo oeconomicus, thus envisioning a new ethics as the pulsing core for activating a political shift and bringing about a new future.

Control of type 2 diabetes mellitus during the COVID-19 pandemic

AimsType 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent chronic condition that can lead to significant complications if not well controlled. The COVID-19 pandemic created disruptions in daily life; however, it is unknown whether the pandemic’s disruptions affected the ability for adults with T2DM to control their condition. This study aims to fill the knowledge gap with the experiences of adults with T2DM in Arkansas, U.S. during the COVID-19 pandemic. MethodsThis study analyzed cross-sectional, observational survey data collected from adults (≥18 years) who live, work, or receive healthcare in Arkansas; self-reported a diagnosis of T2DM; and completed the diabetes module of the Impact of COVID-19 online survey (n = 131) fielded in July–August 2020. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the sample and survey responses, and multivariate regression was used to identify demographics, self-care behaviors, and access issues associated with uncontrolled T2DM (HbA1c ≥ 9% or 74.9 mmol/mol) or with an increase in HbA1c. Results28.2% reported an increase in their HbA1c since the pandemic began, and 18.2% had uncontrolled T2DM. Educational level, eating healthily, and weight gain were negatively associated with uncontrolled T2DM. Eating less healthily and having difficulty accessing diabetes related medication were positively associated with an increase in HbA1c. ConclusionsAdults with T2DM in Arkansas were reasonably able to maintain control of their T2DM during the five months post the first case of COVD-19 diagnosed in the state. However, T2DM self-management interventions targeting those with lower educational levels that are focused on eating habits and/or that improve access to diabetes medication should be considered for future public health emergencies.

Abstract P042: Association Between Covid-19 Pandemic Related Unemployment And Change In Sedentary Screen Time Among Previously Employed Adults

Association between COVID-19 Pandemic Related Unemployment and Change in Sedentary Screen Time among Previously Employed Adults Jennifer L. Mattingly, MPH &amp; Megan E. Petrov, PhD Introduction: Worldwide, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in widespread job loss and disruptions in daily life. However, the role of job loss during the COVID-19 pandemic on health behaviors such as sedentary screen time (SST) is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between employment status change during the pandemic and change in SST. Methods: A 25-minute online survey was distributed through local and global social media from 5/21/2020-7/01/2020. A subsample of employed adults (n=417; M =38.45y, range: 18-75; 74.8.% women) provided complete self-reported pre-and during-COVID-19 employment status (categorized as remained employed and became unemployed), pre-and during-COVID-19 hours of daily SST for non-work-related purposes [low: &lt;5h; high: &gt;5]. Change in daily SST was categorized as low-low (ref), low-high, and high-high. The subsample of participants that changed from high to low SST in the sample was low and were removed from subsequent analyses. Multinomial logistic regression models were conducted to examine the association of change in employment status on change in SST while adjusting for age, gender, education level, body mass index, current minutes of physical activity per week, and current typical 24-hour sleep duration. Results: Of the 417 participants who were employed prior to the pandemic, 15.6% (n=675). Became Unemployed. The proportion of participants in the low-low, low-high, and high-high change in SST groups were 46.8% (n=195), 25.4% (n=106), and 27.8% (n=116), respectively. Relative to adults who remained employed, adults who became unemployed had a 3.02 greater odds (95%CI:1.51, 6.02) of being in the high-high change in SST group, and had a 2.54 greater odds (95%CI:1.23,5.25) of being in the low-high change in SST group relative to participants who were consistently low in SST. Conclusion: In this cross-sectional study of an international, online sample of adults, becoming unemployed was associated with a greater odds of both maintaining high levels of sedentary screen time, and increasing sedentary screen time to high levels. Action to protect people in the workforce from job loss and employment disruption in times of global economic upheaval may prevent increased adoption of maladaptive lifestyle behaviors, such as high levels of SST.

Leaning into the Crisis: Managing COVID-19 in Social Services and Behavioral Health Agencies

ABSTRACT In early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic hit the United States causing significant disruptions in daily life including disruptions for social service and behavioral health agencies. This qualitative, phenomenological study interviewed thirty-seven directors or managers of social service or behavioral health agencies. Agency managers described challenges related to the pandemic and shut down, but they also described opportunities for innovation and change. Agency managers discussion fell into eight themes: funding, employees, space, supplies, policies/protocols, partnerships, mission, and innovation/leaning into the crisis. Implications for administrative practice and policy will be discussed.

Mental health impacts of COVID-19 outbreak and associated drivers among university students in Bangladesh

BACKGROUND: Mental health impacts due to COVID-19 outbreak are observable among university students. The aim of this research was to determine the mental health impacts of COVID-19 outbreak and associated drivers among university students in Bangladesh. METHODS: Across-sectional study was performed among 368 participants from Khulna University (Khulna-9208) in Bangladesh. Data were collected through an online self-reported questionnaire including demographic and selected characteristics of the participants, 7-item generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7) scale to measure the prevalence of anxiety and 9-item patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) scale to measure the prevalence of depression. The ordered logit model was used to determine the associated drivers of anxiety and depression. RESULTS: The estimated prevalence rates of anxiety were 87%, among them 29.3%, 33.7%, and 23.9% had mild, moderate and severe, respectively. Accordingly, the estimated prevalence rates of depression were 81.5%, among them 25%, 23.9%, 20.1%, and 12.5% had mild, moderate, moderately severe and severe, respectively. The likelihood of anxiety and depression among participants has been mostly derived by residing urban area, not having stable family income, living with parents, having relatives or acquaintances infected with COVID-19, being worried about academic delays, and with the disruption of daily-life. CONCLUSIONS: University students are experienced a higher level of anxiety and depressive symptoms in Bangladesh. As the majority of students spend their time in social media during the quarantine, the implications of COVID-19 on mental health in this population can be reduced by means of online consultancy, campaigns and other awareness initiatives.

Longitudinal study of early adaptation to the coronavirus disease pandemic among youth with chronic pain and their parents: effects of direct exposures and economic stress.

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has caused prolonged disruptions in daily life for many communities. Little is known about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health and well-being of youth with chronic pain and their families. We conducted a longitudinal, mixed-methods study to characterize early adaptation to the COVID-19 pandemic among 250 families of youth (ages 12-21 years) diagnosed with chronic headache (64%) or other chronic pain conditions (36%) and to determine whether direct exposures to COVID-19 and secondary economic stress modified symptom trajectories. Youth and parents reported on pain interference, anxiety, depression, and insomnia symptoms at 4 waves of data collection from April 2020 to July 2020. We also collected qualitative data on the impact of the pandemic on the youth's pain problem. Nearly half of our sample (49.6%) experienced direct exposures to COVID-19. Secondary economic stress was also common, affecting 44.4% of families. Symptom trajectories for pain, insomnia, depression, and anxiety remained stable or improved for most participants, indicating adaptive adjustment. However, overall symptom burden was high with persistent and clinically elevated depression, anxiety, and insomnia symptoms common among youth and parents. Direct exposures to COVID-19 did not modify symptom trajectories. However, youth pain interference and parent insomnia worsened in families who experienced secondary economic stress. Qualitative data revealed perceived benefits and harms from school closures on the youth's pain problem. Our findings of high symptom burden suggest that pediatric pain clinicians should offer distance assessment and treatment (eg, through telemedicine) to avoid pandemic-related disruptions in pain care.