Dispositional Variables Research Articles

Motives for Citizen Science Program Participation and the Role of the Organization: Lessons from Water Quality Monitors in Texas

Citizen science (CS) programs often question what motivates their volunteers and how volunteer participation can be sustained. Using a case study of citizen scientist volunteers (CSVs) who monitor water quality in Texas, I apply here a novel approach—the Dispositional-Organizational Interactions Framework (DOIF)—that provides a nuanced understanding of CSVs. The DOIF allows for consideration of how dispositional variables, such as sociodemographic characteristics and motivations for participation, may relate to organizational variables (e.g., program efficacy, results, and recognition); both overarching variables relate to indicators of commitment. The purpose of this study is to examine interactions among different aspects of a CS program and CSVs—observations that can improve CSV satisfaction and possibly retention. In a community geography partnership, volunteers of a statewide CS program were surveyed (n = 327). Results of exploratory factor analyses and a series of nonparametric tests indicate the DOIF offers insights into five major motivational factors; it uncovers between-group differences in how CSVs value organizational variables and indicate a commitment to volunteerism. This study contributes to the broader literature by incorporating the role of the organization in assessments of motivations through the creation of a novel framework and through empirical findings. The paper considers implications of results for CS programs and practice, then concludes with suggestions for future research.

Posture Fortification of Maritime Security Agency (Bakamla Republik Indonesia) in Realizing Indonesia’s Maritime Security

With the enactment of Republic of Indonesia Law Number 32 of 2014 concerning Marine, the task of patrolling security and safety in Indonesian territorial waters and Indonesian jurisdiction becomes the responsibility of Marine Security Agency (Bakamla). From this information the question arises, how can Bakamla be formed with tasks that are very complex but not supported by adequate postures. Therefore, with a gap in the implementation of this policy, the researcher conducted this research with the aim of analyzing the implementation of policies carried out by Bakamla in relation to the policy of strengthening Bakamla's posture and analyzing the factors that support and hinder the implementation of Bakamla's strengthening policies and formulate what strategies are good for carrying out strengthening of Bakamla's posture. The research data was collected through informants from Marine Security Agency (Bakamla) based on interview and documentation methods. Then the data is analyzed with Edward III's theory which uses 4 variables that can influence Policy Implementation, namely the Communication, Resources, Disposition and Bureaucratic Structure variables. Each variable is analyzed its actual condition, then the actual condition of each variable is combined to produce a conclusion about the implementation of policies on strengthening Bakamla. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of policies regarding Marine Security Agency (Bakamla) tasks faced with Bakamla's current posture has not been implemented optimally. The factors that cause the policy to be unable to materialize are due to the four analysis tools / variables used in accordance with Edward III's theory, there is one variable that still does not meet the realization of the policy implementation on strengthening Marine Security Agency (Bakamla), which is related to resource factors which include human resources, budget, infrastructure and facilities. It is hoped that all the shortcomings associated with these resources can be met immediately. With a large and strong condition, Marine Security Agency (Bakamla) will support the implementation of Bakamla's duties optimally, so that security in Indonesian seas will be realized. Keywords: Strengthening, Security, Bakamla, Strategy, Posture. DOI: 10.7176/IAGS/90-03 Publication date: February 28 th 2021

Is it all about the feeling? Affective and (meta-)cognitive mechanisms underlying the truth effect

People are more likely to judge repeatedly perceived statements as true. A decisive explanation for this so-called truth effect is that the repeated information can be processed more fluently than new information and that this fluency experience renders the information more familiar and trustworthy. Little is known, however, regarding whether and how affective states and dispositional cognitive preferences influence the truth effect. To this end, we conducted two experiments in which we manipulated (a) processing fluency via repetition, (b) the time interval (10 min vs. 1 week) between repetitions, and (c) short-term affective states using the presentation of emotional faces (Experiment 1) or the presence of an irrelevant source for changes in affective states (Experiment 2). Additionally, we assessed the dispositional variables need for cognitive closure (NCC), preference for deliberation (PD) and preference for intuition (PI). Results of Experiment 1 showed that the truth effect was significantly reduced for statements that were followed by a negative prime, although this was the case only for the longer repetition lag. Furthermore, higher NCC and lower PD scores were associated with an increased truth effect. Results of Experiment 2 replicated the moderating role of NCC and further showed that participants, who were provided with an alternative source for changes in their affective states, showed a reduced truth effect. Together, the findings suggest that (a) fluency-related changes in affective states may be (co-)responsible for the truth effect, (b) the truth effect is decreased when the repetition interval is long rather than short, and (c) the truth effect is increased for individuals with a higher need for cognitive closure. Theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.

Retrospective and prospective measures of post-traumatic growth reflect different processes: longitudinal evidence of greater decline than growth following a hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation

BackgroundThis prospective longitudinal study examined and compared two measures (prospective and retrospective ones) of post-traumatic growth (PTG) following Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation (HSCT) and their respective relationships with mental health and psychological disposition. We also tested the hypothesis that unwillingness to be in contact with distressing thoughts and feelings—i.e. experiential avoidance—would moderate the relationship between Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and growth.MethodsThis study was carried out with 187 patients. Patients completed the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) 5 months after HSCT and scales tapping into the five domains of PTGI during hospitalisation and 5 months after HSCT. Mental health and psychological disposition were also assessed prior to hospitalisation. A PTSD scale was administered at the five-month follow-up.ResultsProspective and retrospective measures of PTG were weakly correlated. Bayesian pre/post-HSCT comparisons in the prospective measure of PTG revealed substantial to very strong decline in four of the five dimensions assessed. Overall, RCI indicated a reliable increase for 5.6% of patients and a reliable decrease for 40.8% of patients. Confirming that retrospective and prospective measures of PTG reflect different processes, they were not related to the same mental health and psychological disposition variables. Moreover, the hypothesis that acquiring positive outcomes from a potentially traumatic experience, such as HSCT, requires direct confrontation with the source of distress was supported in the case of the retrospective measure of growth but not in the case of the prospective measure growth.ConclusionsRetrospective measures such as the PTGI do not appear to assess actual pre- to post-HSCT change. HSCT seems more linked to psychological decline than to growth.

Does the end justify the means? Learning tests lead to more negative evaluations and to more stress experiences

Although difficult learning processes like tests are beneficial for later learning outcomes, learning situations including tests or quizzes can also be perceived as acute stressors leading to more pressure, anxiety, and stress. Thus, we suppose that participants evaluate learning situations with tests, contrary to reading tasks, as more negative and experience more stress. This should be especially pronounced for learners with higher, as opposed to lower, dispositional stress or anxiety. Hence, we further predicted main effects of dispositional variables as well as interactions with the learning situation. We conducted one online study using hypothetical learning scenarios and one laboratory study using actual learning and respectively assessed dispositional stress and anxiety. Study 1 found that hypothetical learning scenarios including tests with public results and tests with private results were evaluated more negatively than re-reading control scenarios. There was also some evidence for the predicted interaction effect. In Study 2 a test in an actual learning situation was evaluated as more negative and additionally led to more acute stress and anxiety than reading. Dispositional variables were positively correlated to more negative evaluations and more stress experiences in both studies. However, there were no interactions in Study 2. Consequently, lecturers must keep in mind that learning tests can serve as acute stressors for learners, thereby resulting in negative side-effects.

Sustaining Good Mental Health in the Face of Health and Political Crisis

Good mental health should be free to all. However, the many factors that contribute to our daily and longer-term psychological well-being are rarely constant and where we need support finances are often a consideration, whether our own or those of the health services on offer. Furthermore, access to positive experiences of mental health is governed by a host of everyday and dispositional variables, over which we have limited control. This is certainly true of the workplace as elsewhere and the last decade has seen unprecedented progress in developing national strategies around the world to support mental health at work. However, in times of change and uncertainty, risks to psychological well-being increase and so this has proved during the waves of fear and loss during the COVID-19 pandemic, further fuelled by anxieties accompanying economic and political tensions and highlighted through inequalities, poverty and protest. This commentary considers the role of appropriate guidance for workplaces in relation to the mental health of employees, taking the UK as a case study example in times of economic and political challenge (e.g. Brexit) as well as the health emergency shared by all.

Sources of Interindividual Variability.

The efficacy, safety, and tolerability of drugs are dependent on numerous factors that influence their disposition. A dose that is efficacious and safe for one individual may result in sub-therapeutic or toxic blood concentrations in others. A significant source of this variability in drug response is drug metabolism, where differences in presystemic and systemic biotransformation efficiency result in variable degrees of systemic exposure (e.g., AUC, Cmax, and/or Cmin) following administration of a fixed dose.Interindividual differences in drug biotransformation have been studied extensively. It is recognized that both intrinsic factors (e.g., genetics, age, sex, and disease states) and extrinsic factors (e.g., diet , chemical exposures from the environment, and the microbiome) play a significant role. For drug-metabolizing enzymes, genetic variation can result in the complete absence or enhanced expression of a functional enzyme. In addition, upregulation and downregulation of gene expression, in response to an altered cellular environment, can achieve the same range of metabolic function (phenotype), but often in a less predictable and time-dependent manner. Understanding the mechanistic basis for variability in drug disposition and response is essential if we are to move beyond the era of empirical, trial-and-error dose selection and into an age of personalized medicine that will improve outcomes in maintaining health and treating disease.

Policy implementation of No Smoking area in Undata Public Hospital Palu City

The determination of the No Smoking Area is an effort to protect the community against the risk of health problems due to the environment contaminated with cigarette smoke. The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of the No Smoking Area policy at the Undata Regional General Hospital (RSUD), Palu, especially in the aspects of communication, resources, disposition. , and bureaucratic structures. This type of research is qualitative research with a case study approach. Determination of informants is done through purposive sampling technique, namely the researcher uses his judgment in selecting informants to obtain in-depth information according to the research objectives. the concept of communication is good enough. The KTR Task Force at Undata Hospital uses print and electronic media. In the resource variable, the results are not good enough. The KTR Task Force at Undata Hospital is still lacking in terms of the number, namely only 15 people previously numbered 30 people. The disposition variables obtained in this study are good enough. The appointment of the KTR task force at Undata Hospital is directly selected by the hospital director, but the supervisory officers still lack incentives. In the bureaucratic structure variable, the results were quite good. The most authorized person in implementing the implementation of the KTR policy implementation at the Undata Hospital Palu is the Task Force coordinator. The suggestion in this research is that the KTR Task Force at Undata Hospital should be added and the Undata Hospital should create a smoking area.

Preditores da correspondência intenção-compra e dos níveis de reforço programado de marcas de especialidade

Objetivo: Aferir quais variáveis do ambiente do varejo e da história de aprendizagem dos consumidores influenciam a efetividade de planos de compra (correspondência intenção-compra) e as compras de marcas com níveis de reforço programado (utilitário e informativo) no varejo de produtos duráveis de especialidade.Método: Conduzimos uma pesquisa quase-experimental, operacionalizada em ambiente natural com 109 compras realizadas por 99 clientes dentro de uma rede varejista. Utilizamos regressões logísticas para cálculo dos efeitos de probabilidade nas variáveis dependentes.Originalidade/Relevância: A pesquisa mostra os efeitos de variáveis situacionais versus disposicionais do consumidor nas aquisições reais de marcas de produto durável de especialidade, contrastando com pesquisas anteriores de marcas de produtos ou serviços de alta frequência de compra e/ou em compras simuladas. A investigação acerca de efeitos no comportamento de compra real em ambiente natural tem sido rara nas pesquisas em consumo.Resultados: Os resultados revelam que apenas a história de aprendizagem é preditora para efetivar os planos de compra dos consumidores e que ela, em conjunto com as variáveis do ambiente de varejo, influenciam as compras de marcas que levam a diferentes níveis de reforço programado (utilitário e informativo) de produto durável de especialidade.Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: O estudo utilizou o Modelo da Perspectiva Comportamental para interpretar o fenômeno. Ele tem sido útil para explicar as dinâmicas do consumidor, contextualizando as respostas emitidas e as possíveis consequências informativas e utilitárias propiciadas pelas compras.

Redefining the Debate Over Reputation and Credibility in International Security

ABSTRACTA wave of recent scholarship has breathed new life into the study of reputation and credibility in international politics. In this review article, the authors welcome this development while offering a framework for evaluating collective progress, a series of related critiques, and a set of suggestions for future research. The article details how the books under review represent an important step toward consensus on the importance of reputation in world politics, elucidating scope conditions for when reputational inferences are likely to be most salient. The authors argue that despite the significant accomplishments of recent studies, the scholarly record remains thin on the psychology of the perceiver and is instead focused on situational factors at the expense of dispositional variables and is rather myopically oriented toward reputation for resolve to the exclusion of other important types. Despite its contributions, the new literature still falls short of a full explanation for how actors draw inferences about reputation. These remaining theoretical challenges demand scholarly attention and suggest a role for psychology in filling some of the gaps.

Liquid Biopsy Enables Quantification of the Abundance and Interindividual Variability of Hepatic Enzymes and Transporters.

Variability in individual capacity for hepatic elimination of therapeutic drugs is well recognized and is associated with variable expression and activity of liver enzymes and transporters. Although genotyping offers some degree of stratification, there is often large variability within the same genotype. Direct measurement of protein expression is impractical due to limited access to tissue biopsies. Hence, determination of variability in hepatic drug metabolism and disposition using liquid biopsy (blood samples) is an attractive proposition during drug development and in clinical practice. This study used a multi‐“omic” strategy to establish a liquid biopsy technology intended to assess hepatic capacity for metabolism and disposition in individual patients. Plasma exosomal analysis (n = 29) revealed expression of 533 pharmacologically relevant genes at the RNA level, with 147 genes showing evidence of expression at the protein level in matching liver tissue. Correction of exosomal RNA expression using a novel shedding factor improved correlation against liver protein expression for 97 liver‐enriched genes. Strong correlation was demonstrated for 12 key drug‐metabolizing enzymes and 4 drug transporters. The developed test allowed reliable patient stratification, and in silico trials demonstrated utility in adjusting drug dose to achieve similar drug exposure between patients with variable hepatic elimination. Accordingly, this approach can be applied in characterization of volunteers prior to enrollment in clinical trials and for patient stratification in clinical practice to achieve more precise individual dosing.

Effects of NT5C2 Germline Variants on 6‐Mecaptopurine Metabolism in Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) is widely used in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and its cytotoxicity is primarily mediated by thioguanine nucleotide (TGN) metabolites. A recent genomewide association study has identified germline polymorphisms (e.g., rs72846714) in the NT5C2 gene associated with 6-MP metabolism in patients with ALL. However, the full spectrum of genetic variation in NT5C2 is unclear and its impact on 6-MP drug activation has not been comprehensively examined. To this end, we performed targeted sequencing of NT5C2 in 588 children with ALL and identified 121 single nucleotide polymorphisms nominally associated with erythrocyte TGN during 6-MP treatment (P<0.05). Of these, 61 variants were validated in a replication cohort of 372 children with ALL. After considering linkage disequilibrium and multivariate analysis, we confirmed two clusters of variants, represented by rs72846714 and rs58700372, that independently affected 6-MP metabolism. Functional studies showed that rs58700372 directly altered the activity of an intronic enhancer, with the variant allele linked to higher transcription activity and reduced 6-MP metabolism (lower TGN). By contrast, rs72846714 was not located in a regulatory element and instead its association signal was explained by linkage disequilibrium with a proximal functional variant rs12256506 that activated NT5C2 transcription in-cis. Our results indicated that NT5C2 germline variation significantly contributes to interpatient variability in thiopurine drug disposition.

The Relationship Between Contextual and Dispositional Variables, Well-Being and Hopelessness in School Context.

The literature’s interest has been focused on the study of well-being or depression. However, there has been little research that investigates the relationship between well-being and hopelessness (HPL) and the underlying contextual and dispositional variables. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between some contextual (need-supportive interpersonal behavior and need-thwarting interpersonal behavior) and dispositional variables (dispositional optimism, positive/negative affectivity, explanatory style), academic achievement, general well-being, and school HPL in adolescent students. The results showed that general well-being was positively predicted by need-supportive interpersonal behavior, dispositional optimism, positive affectivity, and adaptive explanatory style (attribution to commitment in the school context), while it was negatively predicted by negative affectivity. Meanwhile, school HPL was positively predicted by need-thwarting interpersonal behavior, negative affectivity, dysfunctional explanatory style (attribution to luck in the school context), while it was negatively predicted by attribution to commitment in the school context and academic achievement. These results provide useful data for the implementation of well-being promotion and school HPL prevention. The implications are discussed as follows.

Attitude to ambiguity as a predictor of analytic thinking

Thinking dispositions are considered important predictors of analytic thinking. While several thinking dispositions have been found to predict responses on a range of analytic thinking tasks, this field is arguably underdeveloped. There are likely many relevant dispositional variables associated with analytic thinking that remains to be explored. This study examines one such dispositional variable, namely, attitude to ambiguity. The disposition is implied in the literature given that internal conflict – likely with associated ambiguity – is typically experienced in cognitive tasks used to study thinking and reasoning. In this article, the association between attitude to ambiguity and analytic thinking is empirically examined using Bayesian methods. A total of 313 adults (mean age = 29.31, SD = 12.19) completed the Multidimensional Attitude Toward Ambiguity (MAAS) scale, along with the Cognitive Reflection Test and a syllogism-based measure of belief bias. Results found one component of the MAAS scale, Moral Absolutism, to be a robust predictor of scores on both the Cognitive Reflection Test and the measure of belief bias.

An Investigation of Situational and Dispositional Antecedents of Faking Intentions in Selection Interviews.

Applicants use faking in selection interviews to create a favorable impression and to increase their chances for a job offer. Theoretical models assume that such a behavior is influenced by situational and dispositional variables. However, previous research has mainly focused on dispositional variables whereas research about situational variables is sparse. To address this gap, we conducted three studies in which we examined how competition for a job and warning interviewees that information from their answers will be verified can influence faking intentions. Furthermore, we wanted to know whether these situational variables are able to explain additional variance in faking intentions beyond dispositional variables and whether there are interactions between situational and dispositional variables. In Study 1, we only found that high competition led to slightly higher faking intentions than low competition in a student sample. In Study 2, only a warning about the verification of applicants’ answers led to slightly lower faking intentions compared to no warning concerning verification in a working sample. Furthermore, faking intentions were lower in Study 2 than in the student sample in Study 1. In Study 3, we found no impact of our situational variables in a combined sample of students and non-students. We only found slightly higher honest impression management intentions in the high competition and the verification warning condition. We also found hardly any support for interaction effects between the situational and dispositional variables. Furthermore, the situational variables did not explain additional variance beyond the dispositional variables in any of the three studies. Possible reasons for the non-significant or small effect sizes for the situational variables can be found in a qualitative analysis of answers to an open-ended question in Study 3. However, we found that Honesty-humility und all facets of the Dark Triad were related to faking intentions. These results indicate that dispositional variables in particular have an impact on faking intentions.

What's Driving Me? Exploration and Validation of a Hierarchical Personality Model for Trust in Automated Driving.

This paper presents a comprehensive investigation of personality traits related to trust in automated vehicles. A hierarchical personality model based on Mowen's (2000) 3M model is explored in a first and replicated in a second study. Trust in automation is established in a complex psychological process involving user-, system- and situation-related variables. In this process, personality traits have been viewed as an important source of variance. Dispositional variables on three levels were included in an exploratory, hierarchical personality model (full model) of dynamic learned trust in automation, which was refined on the basis of structural equation modeling carried out in Study 1 (final model). Study 2 replicated the final model in an independent sample. In both studies, the personality model showed a good fit and explained a large proportion of variance in trust in automation. The combined evidence supports the role of extraversion, neuroticism, and self-esteem at the elemental level; affinity for technology and dispositional interpersonal trust at the situational level; and propensity to trust in automation and a priori acceptability of automated driving at the surface level in the prediction of trust in automation. Findings confirm that personality plays a substantial role in trust formation and provide evidence of the involvement of user dispositions not previously investigated in relation to trust in automation: self-esteem, dispositional interpersonal trust, and affinity for technology. Implications for personalization of information campaigns, driver training, and user interfaces for trust calibration in automated driving are discussed.

Transformational leadership, leader–member exchange and school learning climate: Impact on teachers’ innovative behaviour in the Netherlands

Despite the fact that innovative behaviour of teachers is important for the quality of teaching in our knowledge society, there is still little research into leadership and organizational factors that influence teachers’ innovative behaviour. By combining self-concept leadership theory, social exchange theory and a hierarchical model of the distance of variables to human behaviour from an interactive perspective, we tried to unravel the relationships between school organization and teacher variables. Based on longitudinal data (2011, 2012, 2013) from a select sample of 597 teachers (being part of a research panel), a structural equation model (Mplus) was used for testing the relationship between transformational leadership, the school learning climate, the quality of teacher–leadership relationships (leader–member exchange), teachers’ inquiry habit of mind and teachers’ innovative behaviour. The findings show a very good fit for the model and contribute to confirmation of the combined used theories and concepts of leadership in education, leaderships’ influence on the organizational learning climate, the crucial mediating role of leader–member exchange between organizational variables and teacher variables, and the mediating dispositional variable of teachers’ inquiry habit of mind between leader–member exchange and innovative behaviour. This study adds to our insights into the complexity of innovation in school organizations.

The influence of cynicism on mood effect in advertising

Purpose- The present study introduces the construct of cynicism in consumer behaviour domain. Specifically, this article investigates how cynical individuals behave differently from non-cynical individuals in marketplace. Methodology- In other words, this study examines the impact of cynicism on the mood effect in relation to attitude toward advertising. The experiment examines the interactions between cynicism and mood states. Findings- Data from the experiment shows that cynical consumers do have different ads information processing strategies from non-cynical consumers. Moreover, happy cynical consumers exhibit most favorable attitude toward the ads. Conclusion- Cynicism is characterized by a perception of a pervasive, systematic lack of trust or integrity in human nature, which could be seen as a stable individual difference or dispositional variable. Empirical data suggests that cynical consumers do have different ads information processing strategies from non-cynical consumers. Furthermore, happy cynical consumers exhibit most favorable attitude toward the ads.

Methadone for Pain Management: A Pharmacotherapeutic Review

Methadone is increasingly being used for its analgesic properties. Despite the increasing popularity, many healthcare providers are not familiar with methadone's complex pharmacology and best practices surrounding its use. The purpose of this narrative review article is to discuss the pharmacology of methadone, the evidence surrounding methadone's use in acute pain management and both chronic cancer and non-cancer pain settings, as well as highlight pertinent safety, monitoring, and opioid rotation considerations. Methadone has a unique mechanism of action when compared with all other opioids and for this reason methadone has come to hold a niche role in the management of opioid-induced hyperalgesia and central sensitization. Understanding of the mechanisms of variability in methadone disposition and drug interactions has evolved over the years, with the latest evidence revealing that CYP 2B6 is the major determinant of methadone elimination and plays a key role in methadone-related drug interactions. From an acute pain perspective, most studies evaluating the use of intraoperative intravenous methadone have reported lower pain scores and post-operative opioid requirements. Oral methadone is predominantly used as a second-line opioid treatment for select chronic pain conditions. As a result, several oral morphine to oral methadone conversion ratios have been proposed, as have methods in which to rotate to methadone. From an efficacy standpoint, limited literature exists regarding the effectiveness of methadone in the chronic pain setting with most of the available efficacy data pertaining to methadone's use in the treatment of cancer pain. Many of the prospective studies that exist feature low participant numbers. Few clinical trials investigating the role of methadone as an analgesic treatment are currently underway. The complicated pharmacokinetic properties of methadone and risks of harm associated with this drug highlight how critically important it is that healthcare providers understand these features before prescribing/dispensing methadone. Particular caution is required when converting patients from other opioids to methadone and for this reason only experienced healthcare providers should undertake such a task. Further randomized trials with larger sample sizes are needed to better define the effective and safe use of methadone for pain management.

Comparing the situation and person-based predictors of work–family conflict among married working professionals in India

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to ascertain the situation (presence of young children, working hours, social and organizational support) and person-based factors (core self-evaluations) that influence work-family conflict (both work-to-family conflict (WFC) and family-to-work conflict (FWC)) and to examine the relative power of situational factors vs person-based factors in predicting work-family conflict.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 367 married working professionals from eight organizations in the manufacturing and services sector in India. Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to test the hypotheses. Usefulness analysis was performed to reveal the unique contribution of the dispositional variables over the situational variables in predicting the variance in work-family conflict.FindingsPersonality factors accounted for more variance in FWC than in WFC, and situational factors accounted for more variance in WFC than in FWC.Research limitations/implicationsGiven the limitations associated with a cross-sectional design, caution is needed concerning the inferences drawn. Only a few variables are considered to assess the characteristics of the context.Practical implicationsOrganizations should not view the resolution of work-family conflict as the sole responsibility of an individual because of the demonstrated influence of both dispositional and contextual factors on the presence or absence of such conflict. While individuals may strive to have better self-management skills and stay positive in adverse situations, employers may assist them in dealing with work-family demands by introducing need-based support.Originality/valueThe relative importance of situation-based and person-based variables in predicting work-family conflict has rarely been examined on a managerial sample in India. Research on personality-based antecedents of work-home interference is also in its infancy. A better understanding of the factors as they relate to both directions of work-family conflict may help to identify suitable approaches to managing conflict.