Drug Disposal Research Articles

“FOR MEDICINE TO PROVIDE US BENEFITS DAGUSIBU (GET, USE, SAVE AND DISPOSAL)”

DAGUSIBU is a program promoted by the Indonesian Pharmacist Association (IAI) to increase public understanding of how to use medicine properly.DAGUSIBU stands for (Get, Use, Save, Discard) which is concerned with how to get, use, store and dispose of drugs properly so that the purpose of treatment is achieved without destroying the environment. On this occasion the D3 Pharmacy FMIPA University of Bengkulu community service team tried to provide information as a resource person in a health chat program broadcast on the BETV television station with the theme For Drugs to Benefit Us DaGuSiBu (Get, Use, Save and Dispose of). The purpose of carrying out this activity This PPM is to increase public knowledge about how to get the right medicine. Increasing public knowledge about how to properly store and dispose of drugs.Community Service Activities in the Health Chat event with the theme So Medicines Benefit Us, DaGuSiBu (Get, Use, Save and Dispose of) were carried out and achieved indicators of success where there were rebroadcasts after 3 days of official broadcasts.”Keywords: Medicine, Benefits, Society

Drug disposal deserts: An assessment of receptacle availability in Kentucky community pharmacies.

The purpose of this study was to describe the county-level availability of drug disposal receptacles in Kentucky community pharmacies and show the relationship between installed receptacles and opioid analgesic (OA)/controlled substance dispensing rates, stratifying where possible by urban-rural classification. Using 2020 data from the Kentucky All Schedule Prescription Electronic Reporting program and disposal receptacle data from the US Drug Enforcement Agency, county-level comparisons were made between number of receptacles and OA/controlled substance dispensing rates. Logistic and negative binomial regression models were used to assess for differences between rural/urban county designation and odds of ≥1 disposal receptacle and compare the rates of receptacles per dispensed OA dose in rural/urban counties. While rural counties saw higher OA and controlled substance dispensing rates, the majority (55.6%) of disposal receptacles were in urban locations. The odds of having at least 1 receptacle were higher in urban counties (OR 2.60, 95% CI: 1.15, 5.92) compared to rural. The estimated rate of disposal receptacles per million dispensed OA doses was found to be 0.47 (95% CI: 0.36, 0.61) in urban counties compared to 0.32 (95% CI: 0.25, 0.42) in rural counties, with an estimated rate ratio of 1.45 (95% CI: 1.01, 2.10). A mismatch between the availability of county-level disposal receptacles in community pharmacies and the volume of dispensed OAs/controlled substances exists, resulting in fewer receptacles per dispensed OA in rural counties compared to urban counties. Future efforts are necessary to increase access to convenient disposal receptacles located in community pharmacies, particularly in rural communities.

COUNSELING ON THE IMPORTANCE OF PHBS AND DAGUSIBU IN IMPROVING HEALTH FOR STUDENTS SDN KALISONGO 02 MALANG

Public understanding of improper drug use can lead to new health problems. This community service activity aims to increase public understanding of medicine and health. Activities carried out in stages include tutorials (lectures), service program planning, DaGuSiBu counseling practices and PHBS. The main topic of discussion is knowledge about how to obtain, use, store and dispose of drugs properly, then added knowledge about clean and healthy living behaviors in everyday life. The benefit of this dedication at school is to create a clean and healthy environment both for yourself and for those around you. That way, the teaching and learning process will run smoothly, while the health of teachers, students and the surrounding community will not be disturbed. This service was held on Friday 16 June 2023 at SDN 02 Kalisongo, Malang City. This activity was carried out in the form of lectures with the help of power points and also demonstrations of proper and correct hand washing steps. The participants were 32 students in grades 3, 4 and 5. This service is carried out independently and is carried out properly according to the objectives expected by the executor.
 Keywords: Counseling, DaGuSiBu, PHBS, SD.

Computational modeling (in silico) methods combined with ecotoxicological experiments (in vivo) to predict the environmental risks of an antihistamine drug (loratadine)

This study employed computational modeling (in silico) methods, combined with ecotoxicological experiments (in vivo) to predict the persistence/biodegradability, bioaccumulation, mobility, and ecological risks of an antihistamine drug (Loratadine: LOR) in the aquatic compartment. To achieve these goals, four endpoints of the LOR were obtained from different open-source computational tools, namely: (i) “STP total removal”; (ii) Predicted ready biodegradability; (iii) Octanol-water partition coefficient (KOW); and (iv) Soil organic adsorption coefficient (KOC). Moreover, acute and chronic, ecotoxicological assays using non-target freshwater organisms of different trophic levels (namely, algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata; microcrustaceans Daphnia similis and Ceriodaphnia dubia; and fish Danio rerio), were used to predict the ecological risks of LOR. The main results showed that LOR: (i) is considered persistent (after a weight-of-evidence assessment) and highly resistant to biodegradation; (ii) is hydrophobic (LOG KOW = 5.20), immobile (LOG KOC = 5.63), and thus, it can potentially bioaccumulate and/or can cause numerous deleterious effects in aquatic species; and (iii) after ecotoxicological evaluation is considered “toxic” and/or “highly toxic” to the three trophic levels tested. Moreover, both the ecotoxicological assays and risk assessment (RQ), showed that LOR is more harmful for the crustaceans (RQcrustaceans = moderate to high risks) than for algae and fish. Ultimately, this study reinforces the ecological concern due to the indiscriminate disposal of this antihistamine drug in worldwide aquatic ecosystems.

Edukasi Penerapan DAGUSIBU pada Kelompok Mayarakat Galesong Baru Kecamatan Galesong Kabupaten Takalar

DAGUSIBU is an educational program that invites the public to know how to get, use, store and dispose of drugs properly. The Galesong Baru community in Takalar district are used to using modern medicines and traditional medicines in treating diseases, but they do not understand how to manage the medicines they keep at home. The purpose of this extension activity is to increase the community's knowledge about the correct medicinal drugs. Activities are carried out online using the Zoom Meeting application and offline by using lecture and discussion methods. The counseling material consisted of an introduction to the meaning of DAGUSIBU, drug classification, how to use several drug dosage forms, how to store drugs and how to properly dispose of drugs. Results Outreach activities on DAGUSIBU drug education to the Galesong Baru Village community group have provided additional community knowledge about how to properly manage drugs.

Assessing Perceptions and Medication Disposal Habits in Rural Michigan.

Background: Inadequate or inappropriate medication disposal is a public health concern that may lead to increased community risk of accidental poisonings, substance misuse, and environmental pollution. Objective: The study's primary objective was to assess medication disposal knowledge and practices of Michigan residents living in rural, underserved areas. Secondary objectives included determining baseline perceptions of at-home drug disposal kits and examining the impact of an educational video intervention on at-home drug disposal kit perceptions. Methods: To measure the objectives, an online 15-question survey was deployed to the general public via convenience sampling from local organizations working with drug disposal. The survey questions assessed medication disposal knowledge and practices in underserved, rural Michigan. Participant responses were assessed categorically and numerically. Results: Inclusion criteria were met by 97 survey participants. Results indicated that Michigan rural residents, regardless of various demographic factors, would benefit from increased drug disposal education. Specifically, at-home drug disposal kits and medication drop boxes have the highest need for additional education. Perceptions related to home disposal safety and ease of use improved significantly with an educational video intervention. Conclusion: All rural residents, regardless of demographics, would benefit from increased drug disposal education. A short, educational video can impact thoughts and attitudes related to at-home drug disposal kits. Similar interventions may be successful in other rural, underserved areas.

Environmental Impact and Sustainable Solutions for Pharmaceutical Waste Management: An Empirical Investigation

The expansion of the pharmaceutical industry has raised concerns about the environmental repercussions stemming from pharmaceutical waste. Inadequate management of waste and disposal have caused hazardous chemicals to be released into the environment, putting the wildlife and people in danger. This summary delves into the environmental consequences of pharmaceutical waste and highlights sustainable solutions for efficient waste management. Pharmaceutical waste encompasses expired or unused medications, packaging materials, and by-products from manufacturing processes. It contains biologically active compounds that can persist in the environment for extended periods. These materials have been found in lakes, soil, and animals, and can cause an imbalance in the ecology and can damage different marine species. To make matters worse, incorrect disposal of pharmaceutical drugs can pollute drinking water, thus posing a serious risk to people's health. Addressing these pressing issues necessitates the implementation of sustainable solutions for pharmaceutical waste management. This abstract explores various approaches, including source reduction, proper disposal practices, and the adoption of advanced treatment technologies. Source reduction involves minimizing the generation of pharmaceutical waste by implementing measures such as improved inventory management and the development of eco-friendly manufacturing processes. Less waste generated can help the environment. The right way to discard medicines is to drop them off at designated areas or take advantage of return programs. These initiatives aim to prevent inappropriate disposal of pharmaceuticals in household waste or by flushing them down the toilet. By establishing dedicated channels for disposal, the risks of environmental contamination can be significantly reduced. Additionally, the exploration of advanced treatment technologies, such as incineration, chemical treatment, and biodegradation, is crucial for effective pharmaceutical waste management. These technologies aim to eliminate or neutralize hazardous compounds present in pharmaceutical waste, thereby minimizing the environmental impact.

Patients prefer free drug disposal options delivered by pharmacists at the point of care: Results of a decision tree analysis of a national factorial vignette panel survey.

Unused opioid medication in the home increases risk of medication diversion, misuse, and unintended harm. The United States Federal Food and Drug Administration is currently considering the implementation of a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy (REMS) program that would require US pharmacists to provide drug disposal products with opioid prescriptions. Still, little is known about consumer preference for drug disposal method. The objective of this study was to identify product and program characteristics associated with consumer preference for at-home drug disposal products. A 2x2x3x3 full-factorial design was employed to text-based vignettes representing opioid analgesic disposal scenarios. Each vignette varied on four characteristics: product cost (free vs paid), ease of use (a mail back envelope, bringing medication to a takeback site, and an at-home drug deactivation pouch), potential environmental impact (incineration), and point of access (pharmacy, community organization, and prescriber). Of the 36 possible vignettes, 12 were removed as they represented a non-realistic combination of vignette characteristics. The remaining 24 were administered to a panel of patients with controlled-substance use in the past six-months. Decision tree modeling and general linear mixed (GLM) models were used sequentially to identify product characteristics associated with patient drug preferences RESULTS: A total of 1,006 participants completed all vignette drug disposal scenarios. Regression tree analysis found that the most important predictor of use was cost followed by ease of access and product design. GLM showed that takeback programs offered at a pharmacy were the most preferred disposal option followed by at-home products (mailed envelope or deactivation system) dispensed with the prescription. Programs that provide disposal resources directly to the patient at no cost with their prescription are likely to optimize willingness to dispose. Findings support the FDA's plan for a REMS program requiring pharmacies to distribute mail-back envelopes to patients when dispensed opioids.

Abstract 14: Barriers to Effective Safe Handling of Chemotherapeutic Drugs Among Healthcare Workers in Vietnam: Needs Assessment by Electronic Survey

Abstract Purpose: To identify barriers and facilitators of effective safe handling of chemotherapeutic drugs among healthcare workers in hospitals across Vietnam. Methods: We used Qualtrics to design a 45-question structured questionnaire in English and Vietnamese survey to assess the safe handling of chemotherapeutic drugs. This questionnaire was distributed as an anonymous online survey through the e-mail listserv of the Vietnam Pediatric Oncology Association in August 2022. Survey instruments included years of practice, types of prior training, knowledge, personal practice, and organizational factors. Respondents were asked whether they used specific personal protective equipment (PPE) in the steps of preparation, administration, and disposal of chemotherapeutic drugs. Results: The survey was distributed to 310 healthcare workers at 14 children’s hospitals. Sixty-two healthcare workers from 13 hospitals completed the survey (response rate 20%). Among those who completed the survey, diverse occupations were represented (39 nurses, 21 physicians, and 2 pharmacists). Forty-six had received prior training in the safe handling of chemotherapeutic drugs, and 25 had longer than ten years of practice. Forty-two workers reported involvement in the administration of chemotherapy, and 17 reported wearing chemotherapy gloves (compliant group) while 25 wore other types of gloves or no gloves at all (non-compliant group). Thirty-six workers (86%) reported the availability of chemotherapy gloves, and 38 (90%) were aware that not all gloves provide the same level of protection. In the compliant group, 71% (n = 12) were aware of institutional policies at their workplaces, while only 36% of the non-compliant group (n = 9) reported awareness of the institutional policies. When stratified according to the availability of institutional policy, long years of practice were more common in the compliant group. Conclusion: Overall, respondents reported having supplies of gloves and knowledge of glove use. Those who used chemotherapy gloves were generally aware of institutional policies and had longer years of practice. The next step will involve reviewing institutional policy at each institution and studying how long years of practice influence the practice of safe handling. Citation Format: Cham Nguyen, Linda Abramovitz, Kim Lien Nguyen, Bao Truong, Michelle Hermiston. Barriers to Effective Safe Handling of Chemotherapeutic Drugs Among Healthcare Workers in Vietnam: Needs Assessment by Electronic Survey [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Closing the Research-to-Implementation Gap; 2023 Apr 4-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 14.

Economic Cost of the Waste of Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Drugs in Mexico City.

Anti-inflammatory and analgesic medications (AAMs) are widely used in Mexico and the rest of the world. Their excessive acquisition can lead to waste, representing an unnecessary expense for families and the public health system. The aim of this study was to estimate the economic cost of the waste of unused AAMs collected by the National System for the Collection of Residues of Containers and Medications (SINGREM, the acronym in Spanish) in Mexico City during 2019. Data from SINGREM on discarded AAMs in Mexico City were classified by the type and quantity of drug, pharmaceutical dosage form, origin, dose, and the complete or incomplete condition of the package. The unitary cost for each medication was based on public tenders of the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) for the public sector and the prices in large drug store franchises for the private sector. A decision-making model was constructed to appraise the total cost of discarded AAMs. The economic cost of the 48924 units of discarded AAMs in SINGREM containers in Mexico City during 2019 was approx. USD$143500, of which over USD$127000 corresponded to the private health sector. The current findings evidence an enormous accumulation of unneeded or expired AAMs in Mexico City. According to the present data, the cost of such waste is substantial. The estimated cost was 8-fold higher for discarded medications originating from the private versus the public healthcare sector. It is important to implement measures to prevent this waste and increase awareness of the consequences of inadequate drug disposal.

The Level of Public Knowledge About Dagusibu Medicine in Rw 09, Padasuka Village, Cimenyan District, Bandung Regency

DAGUSIBU (Get, Use, Store and Discard) Medicine is a health education program created by the Association of Indonesian Pharmacists (IAI) which is useful for realizing the Movement Drug Awareness Family. The DAGUSIBU program aims to increase public knowledge regarding medicine. More precisely, the slogan invites the public to get, use, store and dispose of drugs in the right way. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of knowledge of DAGUSIBU drug in the community RW 09 Padasuka Village, Cimenyan District, Bandung Regency. This type of research is an analytic observational study with a design cross-sectional. The subjects were selected by Nonprobability Sampling (not random) as many as 95 residents of RW 09 who were the sample resproperly store and dispose of drugslling out a knowledge questionnaire about DAGUSIBU. The data obtained were categorical ordinal data which were analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Based on the results of the research obtained with different characteristics, including by gender, age, level latest education, and occupation, the community of RW 09 Padasuka Village, Cimenyan District, has a knowledge level of DAGUSIBU medicine with a less category of 28.42%, enough of 51.58 % and good at 20.00%. Conclusion: The results of the analysis showed that most of the level of knowledge of the residents of RW 09 Padasuka Village was sufficient with a percentage of 51.58%.

Electrochemical detection of ornidazole in commercial milk and water samples using an electrode based on green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using cellulose separated from Phoenix dactylifera seed

The widespread use of antibiotics has contributed to the control of disease and the nutritional well-being of livestock. Antibiotics reach the environment via excretions (urine and feces) from human and domestic animals, through non proper disposal or handling of unused drugs. The present study describes a green method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) using cellulose extracted from Phoenix dactylifera seed powder via mechanical stirrer method for the electroanalytical determination of ornidazole (ODZ) in milk and water samples. The cellulose extract is used as the reducing and stabilizer agent for the synthesis of AgNPs. The obtained AgNPs were characterized by UV–Vis, SEM and EDX, presenting a spherical shape and an average size of 48.6 nm. The electrochemical sensor (AgNPs/CPE) was fabricated by dipping a carbon paste electrode (CPE) in the AgNPs colloidal solution. The sensor shows acceptable linearity with ODZ concentration in the linear range from 1.0 × 10−5 to 1.0 × 10−3 M with a limit of detection (LOD =3S/P) and quantification (LOQ =10S/P) of 7.58 × 10−7 M and 2.08 × 10−6 M respectively.

The environmental impact of pharmaceuticals in Italy: Integrating healthcare and eco-toxicological data to assess and potentially mitigate their diffusion to water supplies.

Pharmaceuticals can reach the environment at all stages of their lifecycle and accumulate in the ecosystem, potentially reaching toxic levels for animals and plants. In recent years, efforts have been made to map and control this hazard. Assessing country-specific environmental risks could drive regulatory actions towards eco-friendlier drug utilization and disposal practices. By starting from a list of 25 environmentally hazardous pharmaceuticals developed by Region Stockholm, we integrated eco-toxicological and 2019-2021 Italian drug utilization data to estimate the environmental impact of pharmaceuticals in Italy. We calculated the risk as the ratio between the predicted environmental concentration (PEC) and the predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC). We found a high risk for levonorgestrel, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin, azithromycin, venlafaxine, sertraline and diclofenac and a moderate risk for ethinyloestradiol, oestradiol and clarithromycin. This analysis can be periodically performed to identify the pharmaceuticals with the highest risk for the environment and ascertain if containment measures should be implemented.

Disposal Practices of Expired and Unused Medications Among Households in Punjab, Pakistan.

The practice of disposing expired or unused medications by different households is generally not considered and is largely neglected. The study was carried out to determine the disposal practices regarding expired and unused medications in rural areas of Punjab, Pakistan. The study was conducted by interviewing different households and students (rural areas) from different universities in Punjab, Pakistan. The sample size was 676 and the questionnaire was used for data collection. Out of 676 members, 552 (81.6%) had medications at the time of the visit. Only 14.5% (n= 80) were taking medication. Only 14.5% (n = 80) kept medication because the treatment was still in progress with the patients while 85.5% (n= 472) had medications that should be discarded. The main reasons for keeping the unused medications at home were completed treatment 34.7% (n= 164) after recovering from ailment. About 60.57% of female disposed the drugs in domestic trash while majority of male participants (48.72%) buried the drugs in the ground. Over 80% of respondents (n = 542) were unaware of the disposal methods. Almost half of the participants (n= 322) had no information about the impact of improper disposal. Statistically significant variations (p<0.001) were observed in the disposal practices depending on gender, age, education and occupation. Improper disposal of medication is a common practice in rural areas of Punjab, Pakistan. The launch of public education programs and the development of drug disposal facilities are very necessary to protect the environment and community health.

ASSESSMENT OF THE KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICE TOWARDS EXPIRED DRUG DISPOSAL AMONG THE COMMUNITY IN BEIRUT CITY, LEBANON

The global increase in pharmaceutical spending has led to enhanced international awareness of the unused and expired drug issues due to improper drug disposal's harmful economic, environmental, and health effects. Consequently, the study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice toward expired drug disposal among the community in Beirut City, Lebanon. A cross-sectional, observational, questionnaire-based study was conducted. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. The fact that improper disposal of expired medicine affects the environment and health was acknowledged by 70.7% of the 450 participants. Even though 72.2% of the participants knew that the best method for drug disposal was medication disposal boxes, 50.4% did not know about the use of the drug take-back system. Expired drugs were present in 71.1% of the participants’ homes, and 78.9% of the participants discarded them in household garbage. In fact, 53.6% agreed that there is a lack of adequate information on the safe disposal of expired household medicines. This study revealed a lack of proper advice on the safe disposal of expired medicines. Consequently, the government should initiate feasible expired drug programs to educate the public. Improper disposal of expired drugs has a negative impact on the environment. The current study revealed that 78.9% of the participants discards expired drugs in an improper way. Accordingly, actions should be taken to save the planet.

Proper practice Of unused medicine disposal: opinions of patients at puskesmas 1 Umbulharjo Yogyakarta

Management of unused medicines needs to be done correctly otherwise it will pose negative impacts on health and environment. The purpose of the study is to find out the opinion of patients and whether there is a relationship between demographic characteristics and opinions about patient's disposal practices of unused drugs. This type of research is an analytical observational with cross sectional approach. The number of samples determined by the Lameshow formula obtained a total sample of 96 patients. The sampling technique was carried out by purposive sampling. The research sample was patients who visited Umbulharjo 1 public health center who met the inclusion criteria within the period of March-June 2022. The research instrument was data collection sheet, and data analysis was completed using the chi-square test. Regarding respondents’ opinions on unused medicine disposal practice, results show that most patients return unused drugs to health workers (46.9%). There is a significant relationship between gender and disposal practice methods namely keeping unused medicine at home (p=0.002) and giving it to the patients’ relatives (p=0.049). In addition, there is a significant relationship between educational history and the method of keeping unused medicine at home (p = 0.000). The conclusion of this study is that many patients return unused drugs to health workers for as many as 45 patients (46.9%). There is a relationship between gender demographic characteristics and educational history with opinions about the practice of unused drug disposal.

Public knowledge of antibiotics, self-medication, and household disposal practices in Jordan

ABSTRACT Background This study aimed to assess public understanding of antibiotics, self-medication, and drug disposal practices. Methods A cross-sectional self-administered online survey was undertaken in Jordan. Results The study was completed by 1,105 participants. When asked about their knowledge of antibiotics, rational antibiotic use, and disposal practices, 16% percent believed they should discontinue antibiotics once they felt better, and 12% agreed to take the same antibiotics prescribed to others for the same illness. Self-medication with antibiotics was practiced by 44% of the participants. Prior experience, healthcare costs, and pharmacy location were all major determinants of self-medication. Only 6.4% of unneeded antibiotics were returned to the pharmacy, 60% were kept at home, and 26.6% were disposed of at home. Almost half of those who kept the antibiotics said they would use them again, and one-third said they would give them to friends and family. Respondents who had used antibiotics within the previous 6 months (p = 0.052) and relied on medication leaflets (p = 0.031) and physician recommendations (p = 0.001) were less likely to self-medicate with antibiotics. Conclusions The study highlighted areas of inappropriate use of antibiotics, self-medication and the improper antibiotic disposal that can inform antimicrobial stewardship.

Disposal of drugs and the ensuing environmental impacts: an integrative review of the literature

The scope of this article is to investigate the national and international evidence available on the forms of drug disposal and the presence of drugs in environmental matrices. It involved an integrative review of the literature conducted in the PubMed, SciELO and Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases, which included articles in English, Spanish and Portuguese published between 2010 and 2020. Twenty-six articles were selected, which revealed the incorrect disposal of medicines by professionals and consumers due mainly to the lack of knowledge about the environmental impacts that they may cause. Studies have highlighted the contamination of water, sewage and sediments by incorrectly discarded drugs. Furthermore, it was observed that aquatic living creatures can be impacted by the presence of drugs in environmental matrices. The incorrect disposal of drugs continues to be a reality in the evidence assessed, which leads to the contamination of environmental matrices and is often not removed by wastewater treatment plants and interferes with the equilibrium of environmental life.

The veterinarian's role in and attitude to the disposal of unwanted pharmaceuticals

A wide range of pharmaceutical chemicals have been documented in rivers, streams, lakes, coastal waters, groundwater, sewage sludge, landfill leachate, soils, air, and plant and animal tissues nationwide and around the world. Veterinarians’ unique relationship with pharmaceuticals compared to other health professionals provide a wide breath of potential pathways. Given the role that veterinarians can play as both a source of new pharmaceuticals to the environment and a method of drug disposal, as well as their role as trusted professionals, the veterinarian is key to keeping unused and unwanted medicine out of the environment. However, little is known about their behaviors. The objectives were to: learn about the drug disposal practices of the veterinarian and their clients from the veterinarian's perspective; learn about the importance of the topic of drug disposal to veterinarians; and determine the outreach needs and preferences of veterinarians and how best to educate about this issue. This research was conducted through a cross-sectional online survey of licensed veterinarians in states within the Great Lakes region working with those states’ veterinary medical associations or licensing boards. The 587 respondents were 72% female, 81% small animal practice, and 52% practicing in suburban geographic areas. Legal disposal requirements were the biggest factor influencing veterinarians to change pharmaceutical disposal behaviors followed by avoiding misuse and abuse. Veterinarians discussed disposal with clients in only 11% of appointments with clients. The most notable barriers include not remembering to mention, not enough time, not high enough priority, or not enough information known by the veterinarian. Continuing education opportunities need to be provided across the spectrum of practicing veterinarians so they can have a greater understanding of the problem of pharmaceutical waste and potential avenues they can implement to mitigate.

PENYULUHAN DAGUSIBU OBAT SEBAGAI UPAYA EDUCATION AND PUBLIC HEALTH PROMOTION MASYARAKAT DESA MULYOREJO KABUPATEN MALANG

With the advancement of technology and science, health problems related to drug use in Indonesian society are increasing. One of the factors is the lack of understanding among the public about the proper use of drugs. Therefore, the DAGUSIBU drug program is the right solution to address this problem. However, the village of Mulyorejo, Ngantang has never received any socialization about this program. The aim of this study is to increase public knowledge about how to obtain, use, store, and dispose of drugs rationally. This empowerment program was conducted using the method of preparation, counseling, which includes demonstration, interactive discussion, and evaluation through pre-test and post-test, as well as evaluation. The activities were carried out with enthusiasm and active participation from the participants. The socialization program went smoothly, with high enthusiasm from the participants. This can support the government's program in improving public health through the Gerakan Keluarga Sadar Obat (GKSO). In addition, the post-test results showed that the participants' knowledge of DAGUSIBU drugs significantly increased, enabling them to avoid mistakes in drug use. Through this socialization, the public can gain useful knowledge about proper drug use. This can be applied in daily life and provide benefits for the environment and family.