Display Of Information Research Articles

Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions.

This paper proposes a novel thyroid examination technique based on five-dimensional (5D) synchronous reconstruction of ultrasound data. The raw temporal sequences are reconstructed into 3D volumetric data reflecting anatomical structure. Triplanar visualization from three orthogonal planes is realized to provide a systematic inspection of the entire gland. Color Doppler imaging is integrated into each triplanar slice to map vascularity changes. This multi-modal fusion enables synchronous display of structural, functional, and blood flow information in the reconstructed 5D space. Compared to conventional scanning, this technique offers the benefits of flexible offline diagnosis, reduced dependency on scanning, enhanced intuitive interpretation, and comprehensive multi-aspect evaluation. By minimizing oversight errors, it could improve diagnostic accuracy, especially for novice practitioners. The proposed 5D fusion method allows rapid and precise localization of lesions for early detection. Future work will explore integration with biochemical markers to further improve diagnostic precision. The technique has considerable clinical value for advancing thyroid examination.

Spatial perception in stereoscopic augmented reality based on multifocus sensing

In many areas ranging from medical imaging to visual entertainment, 3D information acquisition and display is a key task. In this regard, in multifocus computational imaging, stacks of images of a certain 3D scene are acquired under different focus configurations and are later combined by means of post-capture algorithms based on image formation model in order to synthesize images with novel viewpoints of the scene. Stereoscopic augmented reality devices, through which is possible to simultaneously visualize the three dimensional real world along with overlaid digital stereoscopic image pair, could benefit from the binocular content allowed by multifocus computational imaging. Spatial perception of the displayed stereo pairs can be controlled by synthesizing the desired point of view of each image of the stereo-pair along with their parallax setting. The proposed method has the potential to alleviate the accommodation-convergence conflict and make augmented reality stereoscopic devices less vulnerable to visual fatigue.

FlyBase: updates to the Drosophila genes and genomes database.

FlyBase (flybase.org) is a model organism database and knowledge base about Drosophila melanogaster, commonly known as the fruit fly. Researchers from around the world rely on the genetic, genomic, and functional information available in FlyBase, as well as its tools to view and interrogate these data. In this article, we describe the latest developments and updates to FlyBase. These include the introduction of single-cell RNA sequencing data, improved content and display of functional information, updated orthology pipelines, new chemical reports, and enhancements to our outreach resources.

Unveiling Stars: How Graphical Displays of Online Consumer Ratings Affect Consumer Perception and Judgment

Prior research has indicated that consumers’ decisions are significantly influenced by online reviews. However, existing research has focused mainly on attributes (e.g., average ratings) that are not fully controlled by firms; only limited research has investigated how controllable attributes (e.g., review display formats) affect consumers. Drawing on visual perception research, the authors examine the effectiveness of two prominent graphical display formats used by major e-commerce platforms: one that displays rating distributions in a proportional format (e.g., Amazon) and one that does so in a simple format (e.g., Google). The results indicate that due to the changes in graphs’ reference points caused by the shrunken x-axis in simple bar graphs, consumers respond more positively to an item when its rating distribution is displayed in a graphically simple (vs. proportional) format. This effect is moderated by the distribution's peak value (i.e., the share of the most frequent rating) and imbalance score (i.e., the difference between the share of positive and negative ratings). Furthermore, even an item's future ratings are influenced by the graphical format in which its prior ratings are displayed. The contributions to the marketing literature are discussed, and insights that can aid managers in making more informed decisions are provided.

Design and Development of loT-Smart Mirror Information Display System for Organizational Efficiency

In the realm of the Internet of Things (IoT), a smart mirror is akin to a regular mirror possessed with intelligence, incorporating technology to provide useful information. The need for an integrated multi-functional information display, efficiently consolidating global information, optimizing electricity consumption, and monitoring fire hazards, has become crucial for increasing awareness among organizational staff and visitors. However, many organizations still rely on traditional information displays, leaving them vulnerable to issues such as electricity wastage and hazard oversight. To tackle these issues, we developed a smart mirror enhanced with voice recognition to quickly retrieve global information, simultaneously reducing electricity costs and enabling early detection of fire hazards. This paper details the design and development of smart mirror, following a systematic approach based on the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) methodology. As a result, evaluations of user acceptance measured through the System Usability Scale (SUS) tool, confirms the operational efficiency and positive reception of the system. This paper significantly contributes to advancing smart mirror research, providing a valuable resource for developers, researchers, and practitioners constructing their iterations and offering inspiration for future enhancements.

Reform and Innovation of Diverse Teaching Modes for Chemistry Courses under the Platform of State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Display

Reform and Innovation of Diverse Teaching Modes for Chemistry Courses under the Platform of State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Display

The development of sodium reduction targets for New Zealand fast foods and a comparison with the current sodium contents of products.

Sodium intake attributed to fast food is increasing globally. This research aims to develop maximum sodium reduction targets for New Zealand (NZ) fast foods and compare them with the current sodium content of products. Sodium content and serving size data were sourced from an existing database of major NZ fast-food chains. Target development followed a step-by-step process, informed by international targets and serving sizes, and previous methods for packaged supermarket foods. Sodium reduction targets were set per 100 g and serving, using a 40% reduction in the mean sodium content or the value met by 35-45% of products. Thirty-four per cent (1797/5246) of products in the database had sodium data available for target development. Sodium reduction targets were developed for 17 fast-food categories. Per 100 g targets ranged from 158 mg for 'Other salads' to 665 mg for 'Mayonnaise and dressings'. Per serving targets ranged from 118 mg for 'Sauce' to 1270 mg for 'Burgers with cured meat'. The largest difference between the current mean sodium content and corresponding target was for 'Other salads' and 'Grilled Chicken' (both -40% per 100g) and 'Fries and potato products' (-45% per serving), and the smallest, 'Pizza with cured meat toppings' (-3% per 100 g) and 'Pies, tarts, sausage rolls and quiches' (-4% per serving). The results indicate the display of nutrition information should be mandated and there is considerable room for sodium reduction in NZ fast foods. The methods described provide a model for other countries to develop country-specific, fast-food sodium reduction targets.

ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ЗОН РИЗИКІВ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ЕЛЕКТРОЕНЕРЕГЕТИЧНОГО СЕКТОРУ ЕКОНОМІКИ УКРАЇНИ

The article examines the issue of the impact of risks on the formation and provision of economic security of enterprises in the electric power industry of Ukraine. Currently, the global economic crisis is dictating the conditions for the economies of almost all branches of industry, and for our country, waging war, on the one hand, had a negative impact on the economy of Ukraine, its investment attractiveness, on the other hand, the help of partners in response caused a chain reaction in the world financial system. The main goal of the electric power company is to increase competitiveness by providing high-quality electricity supply services, ensuring reliability and uninterrupted service for all types of persons (including legal consumers and the public). As a result of the analysis, the article presents the peculiarities of non-linear and open systems of electric power enterprises, which are prone to changing stages of stability and instability, namely the formation of four phases of functioning. This helped the author to form a model of comprehensive assessment of the economic security of an electric power enterprise and to present a system of indicators for its provision. This model is based on the identification of threats and the level of economic security, which will further be the object of enterprise research using a system of economic security indicators. The construction of a system of indicators of the economic security of an electric power enterprise is based on the following criteria: coverage of the most important markets and institutions; analytical significance; found usefulness; significance of institutions or crisis situations; accessibility; symmetrical display of information at the sector level; use of aggregated information; the use of a consolidated approach in order to avoid double accounting of the entity's capital and activity. The main indicators for determining the economic security of business entities have also been formed, which include a number of internal and external components. Thus, each of them includes a list of tools that, based on the aggregate results, certify the achievement of the appropriate level of economic security of the electric power enterprise.

Another Year of Milestones and Advancements Ahead

AbstractInformation Display (ID) has an exciting year ahead. We will celebrate our 60th anniversary—the first issue of ID was published in October 1964. It was inevitable, after the founders agreed to “encourage the scientific, literary and educational advancement of information display and its allied arts,” that they set out to create chapters around the world, hold conferences to educate people, and provide platforms to publish members’ groundbreaking work.

WEATHER STATION DESIGN USING ARDUINO PLATFORM

The paper presents an application that involves the real-time acquisition of four parameters: temperature, relative humidity, pressure and light intensity. Several sensors are used that acquire these values (DHT11- temperature and relative humidity, BMP180 - pressure, BH1750 – light intensity) connected to an Arduino Uno development board equipped with the Atmega328 microcontroller, using digital and analog pins. The display of information is done on a monochrome screen attached to the Arduino board. The developed weather station is capable of measuring these four environmental parameters and providing readings at 5-minute intervals. Weather stations can be used in a variety of locations and domains from meteorology and weather monitoring, to agriculture, scientific research, navigation and aviation, or renewable energy industry. The weather stations can provide useful information on different weather parameters which is essential for providing accurate weather forecasts and monitoring climate changes, for optimizing the performance of energy installations and forecasting energy production.

Elderly drivers’ behaviour due to indication of pedestrian information by HMI

Japan is becoming a super-aging society, where there are concerns regarding traffic accidents caused by elderly drivers. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a human–machine interface (HMI) for assessing elderly drivers’ behaviour. The drivers’ behaviour was investigated when a pedestrian crossed while the drivers turned right at intersections and drove on straight roads, with vehicles travelling in the left lane. We investigated 16 elderly participants by using a driving simulator. The results indicated that the display of pedestrian information increased the closest distance of the vehicle to the crossing pedestrian. Moreover, time to collision increased under conditions where there were three preceding vehicles turning right at an intersection or driving straight on a straight road. In the questionnaire, most participants answered that the HMI was helpful. These findings can serve as the basis while designing an HMI that encourages elderly drivers to notice pedestrians.

Beam spot quality detection of 650 nm laser diode using lightweight transformer model

The 650 nm laser diode (LD) with high beam quality has superhigh application demand in fields such as information storage, medicine and display. The accurate detection of 650 nm LD beam spots is crucial for its production and application. In this paper, to detect and classify different 650 nm LD beam spots quickly and accurately, a beam spot detection network based on the vision transformer architecture is proposed for the first time. The presented model allows better extraction of beam spot features and is extremely hardware-friendly. Meanwhile, we designed a new Transformer Block, which can optimize local information acquisition, and enhance memory access efficiency. Moreover, the first 650 nm LD beam spot image dataset, RED-LaserSpot-4K, was created. The experimental results show that the model is both lightweight and powerful, with TOP-1 Accuracy of 93.2 %, only 1.0G FLOPs and 12.3 M parameters. It also can provide a practice foundation for enhancing the performance of 650 nm LD.

METHODS OF PATENT DOCUMENTATION ANALYSIS

Intellectual search of patent text is an important task that requires knowledge of the subject area. In today's world, when the growing pace of technological innovation is already leading to fundamental changes, with entering the fourth industrial revolution Industry (4.0), the development of artificial intelligence and the virtual economy, the analysis of patent documentation is becoming an increasingly important task, therefore, traditional approaches to text analysis are insufficient for comprehensive study of the patent text. This article discusses methods of patent document analysis, including topic identification, text segmentation, information display, feature selection, clustering, and summary selection, etc. The described methods can be used to better understand the relationships between different technologies and their priorities and to assess competition and opportunities for their use in the market. Also considered are the main challenges and problems associated with the analysis of patent documentation, such as the limited amount of data and the heterogeneity of their structure. The article's conclusions can be useful not only for the linguistic analysis of patent documentation, but also for researchers, engineers, managers and other specialists working in the field of innovation and technology development.

Flexible Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes: Characteristics and Performance

AbstractFuture displays need to be stretchable, bendable, and wearable to match consumers’ needs for convenience, portable equipment, and real‐time information display. The development of flexible light source components, like flexible light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), is urgently required to fulfill these needs. Metal halide perovskites, known for their excellent optoelectronic properties and ductility, are considered the most promising light‐emitting materials for high‐definition displays, and their outstanding advantage is that the metal halide perovskites would be achieved by solution process under low temperature (<150 °C), which is especially good for the flexible organic substrates to maintain high conductivity during fabrication of flexible LEDs. In recent years, flexible perovskite LEDs have made significant progress, but still face a great deal of difficulties, obstacles, and great challenges. Herein, the mechanical properties of perovskite materials are examined and the failures for perovskite‐based flexible optoelectronic devices under strain are discussed. The authors then focus on optimizing each functional layer and the recent advancement in flexible perovskite LEDs is summarized. Finally, a brief outlook on the challenges faced by flexible perovskite LEDs and their possible future development is provided.

Development of an Assessment Scale for Measurement of Usability and User Experience Characteristics of Bing Chat Conversational AI

After the introduction of the ChatGPT conversational artificial intelligence (CAI) tool in November 2022, there has been a rapidly growing interest in the use of such tools in higher education. While the educational uses of some other information technology (IT) tools (including collaboration and communication tools, learning management systems, chatbots, and videoconferencing tools) have been frequently evaluated regarding technology acceptance and usability attributes of those technologies, similar evaluations of CAI tools and services like ChatGPT, Bing Chat, and Bard have only recently started to appear in the scholarly literature. In our study, we present a newly developed set of assessment scales that are related to the usability and user experiences of CAI tools when used by university students, as well as the results of evaluation of these assessment scales specifically regarding the CAI Bing Chat tool (i.e., Microsoft Copilot). The following scales were developed and evaluated using a convenience sample (N = 126) of higher education students: Perceived Usefulness, General Usability, Learnability, System Reliability, Visual Design and Navigation, Information Quality, Information Display, Cognitive Involvement, Design Appeal, Trust, Personification, Risk Perception, and Intention to Use. For most of the aforementioned scales, internal consistency (Cronbach alpha) was in the range from satisfactory to good, which implies their potential usefulness for further studies of related attributes of CAI tools. A stepwise linear regression revealed that the most influential predictors of Intention to Use Bing Chat (or ChatGPT) in the future were the usability variable Perceived Usefulness and two user experience variables—Trust and Design Appeal. Also, our study revealed that students’ perceptions of various specific usability and user experience characteristics of Bing Chat were predominantly positive. The evaluated assessment scales could be beneficial in further research that would include other CAI tools like ChatGPT/GPT-4 and Bard.

Multistage safety code based on responsive CdS photonic crystal organohydrogel

In the realms of information storage and display, achieving heightened levels of complexity and security has always been paramount. This study presents a multi-responsive material based on CdS photonic crystals, harnessing the properties of CdS photonic crystals and responsive organohydrogels. We incorporated temperature-responsive monomer N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM), AIE monomer (2-(4-vinylphenyl)ethene-1,1,2-triyl)tribenzene (TPEE), and photochromic unit 2,2-diphenyl-2H-naphtho [1,2-b] pyran-6-carbaldehyde (naphthopyran, Np) into the organohydrogel to prepare the responsive gel material. It was then combined with CdS photonic crystals to fabricate the multistage responsive CdS photonic crystal organohydrogel. This material is not only capable of tuning the structure color of the photonic crystals through temperature but also triggers the AIE effect of the gel upon reaching the phase transition temperature. Additionally, it can initiate the photochromic effect of the material upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. These responsive behaviors underpin the multistage response nature of the material. Capitalizing on these multi-responsive traits, we designed an array of multistage responsive anti-counterfeiting patterns and multistage security codes. This approach not only elevates the density of multi-layered information storage but also fortifies the tamper-resistance of traditional coding systems. The multistage responsive material has a wide spectrum of potential applications, particularly in anti-counterfeiting, information display, and encrypted data transmission, offering fresh perspectives in the domain of information security.

Variable selection for nonlinear dimensionality reduction of biological datasets through bootstrapping of correlation networks

Identifying the most relevant variables or features in massive datasets for dimensionality reduction can lead to improved and more informative display, faster computation times, and more explainable models of complex systems. Despite significant advances and available algorithms, this task generally remains challenging, especially in unsupervised settings. In this work, we propose a method that constructs correlation networks using all intervening variables and then selects the most informative ones based on network bootstrapping. The method can be applied in both supervised and unsupervised scenarios. We demonstrate its functionality by applying Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection for dimensionality reduction to several high-dimensional biological datasets, derived from 4D live imaging recordings of hundreds of morpho-kinetic variables, describing the dynamics of thousands of individual leukocytes at sites of prominent inflammation. We compare our method with other standard ones in the field, such as Principal Component Analysis and Elastic Net, showing that it outperforms them. The proposed method can be employed in a wide range of applications, encompassing data analysis and machine learning.

Anti-Kasha triplet energy transfer and excitation wavelength dependent persistent luminescence from host-guest doping systems

Anti-Kasha’s process in organic luminogens has attracted many attentions since its discovery. However, only limited examples of anti-Kasha’s rule have been reported and anti-Kasha triplet energy transfer (ET) is even less-touched. Benefiting from anti-Kasha’s rule, this work provided an efficient strategy to realize excitation wavelength dependent (Ex-De) afterglow in a host-guest system. The host has almost imperceptible RTP upon 365 nm excitation and guest is totally RTP inactive, while the doping host-guest system exhibits Ex-De afterglow with improved quantum yields. Anti-Kasha triplet ET process is realized from the higher excited triplet state T2 of host to the lowest excited singlet state S1 of the aggregated/unimolecular guest. ET efficiency in the doping system could be tuned by simply changing its processing methods to guide host and guest to adopt denser or looser intermolecular packing. The strategy of anti-Kasha triplet ET endows the host-guest doping system with multiple stimuli-responsive properties, including Ex-De afterglow, mechano-, and thermal-triggered afterglow behaviors. The corresponding applications of these properties are also realized in multiple information anti-counterfeiting and display.

Digital twin-enabled collision early warning system for marine piling: Application to a wharf project in China

The safety and effectiveness of marine piling construction are hindered by the display of imprecise spatial information and the potential for collisions due to the complexity of pile positions and attitudes. Digital twin (DT) can solve the above problems in piling construction because of their inherent three-dimensionality and real-time feedback. The present study proposes a system that utilizes the DT framework to construct a collision early warning system intended for marine piling. A five-dimensional model is used to introduce the overall architecture. The main twin objects are piles. To maximize the effectiveness of DT, the five-dimensional model is composed of four independently maintainable development modules. Consequently, a prototype of the system is created. The core of the system comprises an algorithm for pile positioning and an algorithm for collision early warning, especially for complex pile groups. Two distinct implementations are identified: one involves controlling the virtual with the real, while the other involves controlling the real with the virtual. Field experiments are conducted with the aim of establishing a benchmark for collision early warning during the construction process. The prototype of the system is capable of producing a simulated environment through a dual-layer mapping approach, which involves pile-boat mapping and early-warning feedback mapping. The presented system in a practical wharf project showcases both the capacity for three-dimensional visualization of collision warning and the ability to provide feedback for boat control. The research enables more intuitive and effective pile positioning.

Theoretical perspective for structural isomerism effect on photoelectric properties of organic room temperature phosphorescence molecules

Purely organic room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have garnered extensive attentions in anti-counterfeiting and encryption, information display, biological imaging and organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) due to the features of long lifetimes, low toxicity and good biocompatibility. Nevertheless, both the species and amounts of the efficient RTP molecules are far from meeting the requirements for practical applications, and the quantitative relationship between molecular structures and optoelectronic properties needs full elucidated. Herein, the photophysical properties and properties of three isomers (o-BA, m-BA and p-BA) are explored based on the first-principles calculations coupled with thermal vibration correlation function (TVCF) method and kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. The substituent effects on the molecular structures, intermolecular interactions, transition properties, Huang-Rhys factors and reorganization energies, excited state dynamics as well as transfer integrals and charge carrier mobilities are investigated in detail to clarify the structure-property relationships. Results show that o-BA achieves fast radiative rate on account of impressive transition dipole moment and oscillator strength, but equally large non-radiative decay rate leads to low RTP efficiency. Promisingly, the highest holes mobility is determined for o-BA due to the largest transfer integrals of holes originating from the strong intermolecular interactions. In addition, compared with o-BA and p-BA, m-BA could achieve fast intersystem crossing (ISC) rate with large spin orbit coupling constant and low non-radiative decay rate with small geometric structure changes. Relatively balanced holes and electrons mobilities of m-BA have been demonstrated, which contributes to the recombination of excitons and the improvement of luminescence efficiency. For p-BA, the strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding restricts the free rotation of single bonds and promotes the molecular coplanarity, which contributes to efficient emission. Furthermore, the charge mobility is calculated and the temperature dependence is investigated, the hopping mechanisms for studied isomers are illustrated. This work reveals the relationship among molecular structures, crystal packing modes, photophysical properties and charge transport properties of isomers, and provides an insight for molecular design and property prediction.