Displacement Strategy Research Articles

Electrochemical aptasensor based on the target-induced strand displacement strategy-driven for T-2 toxin detection

Herein, an aptasensor based on target-induced strand displacement (TISD) strategy was developed for sensitive detection of T-2 toxin. Gold nanoparticles@ aminated manganese dioxide (AuNPs@NH2-MnO2) exhibited excellent electrical conductivity and provided more binding sites for aptamer (Apt). Besides, polyethyleneimine-reduced graphene oxide/gold‑platinum core-shell nanorods composites (PEI-rGO/Pt@Au NRs) were used to be carriers for signaling tags, as their sufficiently large specific surface area improved the loading capacity for signal molecules. In the presence of T-2, the Apt sequence was more inclined to form an Apt-T-2 complex, and the cDNA was displaced from the Apt-cDNA duplex, while the signal tag was released, resulting in a weakened MB signal, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used to record the signal change. Under optimal conditions, the signal response of the constructed electrochemical aptasensor exhibited a good linear relationship with the concentration of T-2. The detection limit was 8.74 × 10−7 ng mL−1over a wide range of concentration from 5 × 10−6 ng mL−1 to 5 ng mL−1. Furthermore, the proposed aptasensor had excellent specificity, good stability and can be well applied to the detection of real samples. It provided a new avenue for the research and development of sensitive aptasensors in food detection and analysis.

A red-emitting Europium(III) complex as a luminescent probe with large Stokes shift for the sequential determination of Cu2+ and biothiols in real samples

In this work, a novel Eu3+-DTPA-bis(AMC) complex with red luminescence was designed and synthesized for sequential detection of Cu2+ and biothiols (Cys/Hcy/GSH) based on the displacement strategy with the good selectivity, high sensitivity, and large Stokes shift (288 nm). The possible detection mechanism was verified by UV–vis, the high-resolution mass spectrometry, and the fluorescence decay curve. The experimental parameters, including the solution pH, the incubation time, the concentration ratio of Eu3+-DTPA-bis(AMC) to Cu2+ and biothiols concentration, were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, it shows a good linear relationship between the concentration (0–10 μM) of Cu2+ and the fluorescence intensity of Eu3+-DTPA-bis(AMC), with a low detection limit of 0.065 μM. The linear range and the limit of detection of the Eu3+-DTPA-bis(AMC)/Cu2+ system for Cys/Hcy/GSH were 2.5–22.5/5–45/5–50 μM and 0.11/0.07/0.05 μM, respectively. Surprisingly, the high or low concentration of Eu3+-DTPA-bis(AMC)/Cu2+ can significantly affect the selectivity of the sensing system to biothiols (Cys/GSH/Hcy). When the concentration of the Eu3+-DTPA-bis(AMC)/Cu2+ system is 10.0 μΜ, it could recognize biothiols (Cys/GSH/Hcy) from other substances, but when the concentration is as low as 3.3 μM, it could further specifically distinguished Cys from Hcy/GSH. Owing to the high anti-interference characteristics, accuracy and specificity, the sensing system was well applied to the cascade detection of Cu2+ in actual environmental samples and Cys in biological and food samples, including FBS, urine, milk, beverage, fresh juice with the satisfactory recoveries from 96.20 to 106.80 %.

Hydrogel Microneedle-Assisted Assay Integrating Aptamer Probes and Fluorescence Detection for Reagentless Biomarker Quantification.

Analyzing interstitial fluid (ISF) via microneedle (MN) devices enables patient health monitoring in a minimally invasive manner and in point-of-care settings. However, most MN-based diagnostic approaches require complicated fabrication processes and postprocessing of the extracted ISF or are limited to detection of electrochemically active biomarkers. Here, we show on-needle measurement of target analytes by integrating hydrogel microneedles with aptamer probes as the recognition elements. Fluorescently tagged aptamer probes are chemically attached to the hydrogel matrix using a simple and novel approach, while a cross-linked patch is formed. For reagentless detection, we employ a strand displacement strategy where fluorophore-conjugated aptamers are hybridized with a DNA competitor strand conjugated to a quencher molecule. The assay is utilized for rapid (2 min) measurement of glucose, adenosine triphosphate, l-tyrosinamide, and thrombin ex vivo. Furthermore, the system enables specific and sensitive quantification of rising and falling concentrations of glucose in an animal model of diabetes to track hypoglycemia, euglycemia, and hyperglycemia conditions. Our assay can be applied for rapid measurement of a diverse range of biomarkers, proteins, or small molecules, introducing a generalizable platform for biomolecule quantification, and has the potential to improve the quality of life of patients who are in need of close monitoring of biomarkers of health and disease.

A turn-on fluorescent sensor for Cd2+ and sequential detection of S2− using the quinolimide scaffold

A novel quinolimide derivative (BNAL), bearing the amide-DPA receptor at position 9 of the heterocyclic ring, was synthesized for sequential detection of Cd2+ and S2−. BNAL could discriminate Cd2+ from Zn2+, showing the turn-on response upon interaction with Cd2+. After adding S2−, the fluorescence of the BNAL-Cd2+ solution was reverted through the displacement strategy. The limits of detection (LODs) of BNAL for Cd2+ and the BNAL-Cd2+ complex for S2− were found to be 17.9 nM and 1.51 μM, respectively. Finally, cell imaging experiments showed BNAL could be successfully employed for sequentially imaging Cd2+ and S2− via the off-on-off behavior in yeast cells.

3D mesh displacement strategy to simulate the thermal degradation of materials under atmospheric reentry conditions

A three-dimensional strategy to compute mesh displacement following surface recession due to ablation is proposed and implemented in the finite volume material response code MoDeTheC. Due to the application to the thermal degradation of space debris during atmospheric reentry, the strategy developed is based onto a very general formulation that can deal with any mesh topology and object shape without preliminary identification of ablated surfaces. First, a new moving mesh method modifies the grid to take into account changes due to ablation. Subsequently, a shape preservation mesh balancing method redistributes the mesh vertices to maintain the grid quality. Finally, a smoothing algorithm is applied to prevent high frequency mesh oscillations. The new 3D mesh displacement strategy is verified on many 2D and 3D test cases to prove the capabilities of the method.

Electrochemically deposited Ag structure-based ECL sensing platform for KRAS gene detection in the tumor tissues

In this work, a novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor was fabricated to detect the mutant KRAS gene in the tumor tissues. Firstly, a new kind of chitosan-based dots was prepared and regulated by phenylboronic acid (PBA) as ECL nanoprobe. Furthermore, the electrochemically deposited Ag structures with controllable morphology have been developed on the electrode. The detailed electrochemical deposition condition of Ag structure has been investigated deeply. Due to the synergistic effect of the large active surface area and the high conductivity, the layered Ag flower-like structure with branches can significantly enhance the ECL intensity of CS-PBA dots by 12.1 times. Finally, the toehold mediated strand displacement strategy was employed in the ECL biosensor to quantitatively detect mutant KRAS gene with the range of 0.01 pM to 10 nM. The limit of detection was 3.3 fM. This biosensor has been used successfully to analyze the target DNA in the tumor tissues of actual cancer patients. The results showed the novel sensing platform possessed great potential for clinical analysis.

Avulsion fractures of the ischial tuberosity in the pediatric athlete: a systematic review and return to sport analysis.

Apophyseal avulsion fractures of the ischial tuberosity (AFIT) in pediatric athletes are relatively uncommon injuries with treatment and return to sport (RTS) outcomes being largely unknown. The purpose of this review is to perform a systematic review analyzing RTS and predictors of successful RTS for pediatric athletes sustaining AFIT. Studies reporting on athletes strictly under the age of 18 years sustaining an AFIT with reported RTS status were included. RTS was analyzed based on injury acuity, mechanism, and management, whereas the incidence of any complications was recorded. A total of 33 studies comprising 90 cases of AFIT were identified. The mean age of athletes sustaining injuries was 14.7 + 1.4 years (range, 9-17 years), most commonly participating in soccer ( n = 25), sprinting ( n = 21), and gymnastics ( n = 7). Acute trauma during sporting activities was responsible for 74.4% ( n = 77/90) of injuries. A total of 82% ( n = 74/90) of athletes reported successful RTS at an average of 7.0 + 5.0 months. Athletes undergoing surgery had a significantly higher RTS rate ( n = 36/38, 94.7%) compared with athletes treated nonoperatively (n = 38/52, 73.08%; P = 0.008). When reported, a high rate of misdiagnosis was reported (39.4%, n = 28/71). Complications were reported in 15.8% ( n = 7/38) and 32.7% ( n = 17/52) of athletes managed surgically and conservatively, respectively. As such, the high rate of misdiagnosis and subsequent high rate of complications and poor rate of RTS highlight the importance of accurate diagnosis and treatment. Future prospective studies evaluating patient outcomes based on fracture displacement, sporting activity, and management strategies are warranted to better treat pediatric athletes. Study design: Level IV, systematic review.

Label-Free miRNA-21 Analysis Based on Strand Displacement and Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase-Assisted Amplification Strategy.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are regarded as a rising star in the biomedical industry. By monitoring slight increases in miRNA-21 levels, the possibilities of multi-type malignancy can be evaluated more precisely and earlier. However, the inconvenience and insensitivity of traditional methods for detecting miRNA-21 levels remains challenging. In this study, a partially complementary cDNA probe was designed to detect miRNA-21 with target-triggered dual amplification based on strand displacement amplification (SDA) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-assisted amplification. In this system, the presence of miRNA-21 can hybridize with template DNA to initiate SDA, generating a large number of trigger molecules. With the assistance of TdT and dGTP, the released trigger DNA with 3′-OH terminal can be elongated to a superlong poly(guanine) sequence, and a notable fluorescence signal was observed in the presence of thioflavin T. By means of dual amplification strategy, the sensing platform showed a good response tomiRNA-21 with a detection limit of 1.7 pM (S/N = 3). Moreover, the specificity of this method was verified using a set of miRNA with sequence homologous to miRNA-21. In order to further explore its practical application capabilities, the expression of miRNA in different cell lines was quantitatively analyzed and compared with the qRT-PCR. The considerable results of this study suggest great potential for the application of the proposed approach in clinical diagnosis.

Environment-Resistant Organohydrogel-Based Sensor Enables Highly Sensitive Strain, Temperature, and Humidity Responses.

Conductive hydrogels have been extensively used in wearable skin sensors owing to their outstanding flexibility, tissuelike compliance, and biocompatibility. However, the dehydration and embrittlement of hydrogels can result in sensitivity loss or even invalidation, restraining their wearable applications in external environments, especially at low temperatures and in arid environments. Herein, an environment-resistant organohydrogel is developed for multifunctional sensors. A double-network organohydrogel based on hyaluronic acid and poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) is developed, and glycerol is introduced into the organohydrogel network via a solvent displacement strategy. Owing to the water-locking effects of glycerol and tough polymeric backbone, the resultant organohydrogel not only exhibits stable tensibility but also maintains excellent flexibility and stable conductivity with the environment-resistant properties, including freezing resistance against -30 °C and moisture retention at 4% relative humidity in a high temperature of 60 °C. Moreover, a series of organohydrogel-based sensors and an array device are developed to achieve highly sensitive strain, temperature, and humidity responses and exhibit a high gauge factor of 10.79 in the strain-sensitive test. This work develops a universal ionic skin based on organohydrogels to be applied to wearable sensors for health monitoring.

Exergetic analysis of the gas exchange processes of a variable displacement engine

One of the sources of inefficiencies in spark-ignition engines is load control via throttling, which increases pumping work. Hence, many alternative strategies for load control have been studied recently. The concept of variable displacement is one strategy for load control which reduces the load without the need for throttling, avoiding pumping loss. However, there are many differences between the operation of variable displacement and throttling strategies, which cannot be exposed by a first-law-based thermodynamic analysis and are essential for future experimental testing. On that note, this study explores a detailed comparison between both load control strategies using a novel model for second-law-based thermodynamic simulation, with the objective of providing to the literature a comprehensive evaluation of the gas exchange processes under the variable stroke length conditions of a adjustable displacement engine to assist future design and development of these engines. The results demonstrated that the advantages of the variable displacement strategy are beyond the mitigation of pumping losses, reducing residual gas, heat losses and exergy destruction during intake, which combined reached up to 8% less exergetic costs in terms of engine power when comparing variable displacement to the throttling strategy. Possibilities to improve this gain were also identified by the exergetic analysis, which indicated a loss of availability at the blow-down phase of the exhaust process.

Advances in Electrochemiluminescence Biosensors Based on DNA Walkers.

Mediated by Watson-Crick base-pairing principle, DNA can be used to construct multi-functional molecular machines, such as DNA walkers, tweezers, logic gates and motors. It is noteworthy that DNA walkers with the advantages of programmability and diverse structures within the micro-nano scale have attracted intense attention in the field of biosensing, bioimaging, drug delivery, and genetic diagnosis. DNA walkers are comprised of driving power, walking strands and the tracks. The driving power acts as an external stimulus and the tracks as a platform for the walking strands to move autonomously. Under the specific external stimulus as driving power, such as strand displacement strategies, enzymatic reactions and environmental condition stimulus, DNA walkers could realize the generation and amplification of signals. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensors, combining ECL technology and bio-identification strategies, exhibit the virtue of high sensitivity, wide linear response range and low background interference. Recently, the construction of DNA walker-based ECL biosensors can amplify the targets and signals via multiple identification and recycles, achieving ultrasensitive detection for diverse targets. Herein, this review systematically summarizes the construction of different types of DNA walkers and their applications in ECL biosensors. Ultimately, this review summarizes and discusses the prospects for DNA walkers.

Colorimetric aptasensor for sensitive detection of quinclorac based on exonuclease III-assisted cyclic release of phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer mimic enzyme strategy

Here, a colorimetric aptasensor was constructed for sensitively detecting quinclorac (QNC), a common herbicide. The aptasensor involved a novel amplification strategy and a classical strand displacement strategy. The amplification strategy, termed exonuclease III (Exo III)-assisted cyclic release of phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer (PMO) mimic enzyme strategy, was developed based on two new findings on PMO: 1) DNA hybridized with PMO could resist Exo III digestion; 2) a designed G-rich PMO (named P2) could bind to hemin to form a G-quadruplex PMOzyme with peroxidase-like activity. In this strategy, a designed DNA-PMO duplex (D1-P1) completely hybridized with DNA2 (D2) in the other designed DNA-PMO duplex (D2-P2) to trigger D2 degradation by Exo III and cyclic release of P2. After that, the hemin-binding P2 catalyzed colorless tetra-methyl benzidine (TMB) to blue TMB+. The cycle process was performed at high Exo III concentrations without strict control and with constant background signals. In that case, the developed strategy was sensitive, efficient, easy to operate, reliable, and ultralow background. Meanwhile, a QNC aptamer was used to develop the strand displacement strategy based on magnetic beads. The colorimetric aptasensor was sensitive and selective for QNC detection with a detection limit of 7.1 ng mL−1. It was successfully applied to detect QNC in soil and river water with good recovery rates (92–98%) and a relative standard deviation (n = 3) <5%. The success of this study could provide a general reference strategy for developing sensitive aptasensors and other nucleic acid-related sensors.

Displacing Conflicting Goals in Planning for Sustainability? Insights from Three Norwegian Cities

Sustainable transformation is hampered by conflicting goals. Here we examine how goal conflicts are handled in planning practice, focusing on processes around municipal climate and sustainability governance. We investigate local manifestations of goal conflicts between transport and land use planning and emissions reductions in three Norwegian cities, using document analysis, interviews and observation. We find that governance actors handle goal conflicts through what we term strategies of displacement. We identify three such strategies: temporal, sectorial and scalar. The research contributes to explaining how and why goal conflicts persist in planning practice.

DNA strand displacement based surface-enhanced Raman scattering-fluorescence dual-mode nanoprobes for quantification and imaging of vascular endothelial growth factor in living cells

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an important over-expressed growth protein during cell proliferation process, which has been regarded as a pivotal biomarker of several cancers mainly including malignant melanoma (MM). The development of accurate quantification analysis combined with imaging technology for biomarkers in complex biological system is significantly essential. In this study, surface-enhanced Raman scattering-fluorescence (SERS-FL) dual-mode nanoprobes based on Au nanoparticles modified magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4/AuNPs) were fabricated for in situ quantification and imaging of VEGF in living cells. Dual-mode SERS quantification-FL imaging was achieved through “off-on” mode of SERS and FL signals based on DNA strand displacement strategy. The stellate Fe3O4/Au endowed the great magnetic separation function for SERS quantification-FL imaging performance. Under the optimum conditions, the SERS quantification mode for trace VEGF in cell lysis samples achieved the good linearity in the range of 0.01–50.0 ng/mL with an excellent limit of detection of 2.3 pg/mL (S/N = 3). The FL imaging mode could achieve the selective detection of trace VEGF distributing in living tumor cells. The developed dual-mode SERS-FL method could provide accurate quantification and imaging results, which was highly expected to have broad application for the selective, sensitive and accurate analysis of biomarkers in complex cell or other real biological samples.

Di-(2-picolyl)amine functionalized tetraphenylethylene as multifunctional chemosensor

In this study, we successfully developed a new multifunctional chemosensor 4′,4‴-(2,2-diphenylethene-1,1-diyl)bis(N,N-bis (pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-amine (T-D), based on the cooperation of tetraphenylethylene and di-(2-picolyl)amine (DPA), for sensitive, selective, and quick detection of Cu2+, PO43− and pesticide glyphosate in aqueous solution. In our research, we made full use of the Cu2+-indicator displacement strategy to achieve the construction of an “on-off-on” fluorescent switch platform. Due to the presence of the DPA moiety in T-D, Cu2+ could be captured quickly to form the complex T-D-Cu and caused fluorescence quenching. With the addition of PO43− and glyphosate, the system could rapidly restore the fluorescence by squeezing Cu2+ from T-D-Cu and blocking the photo induced electron transfer (PET) process to display the aggregation-induced emission. To demonstrate the possibility of practical applications, we detected PO43− and glyphosate in spiked real samples. The detection limit for PO43− and glyphosate reached 19 nM and 25 nM, respectively. Furthermore, test strips using T-D-Cu solution simplified the detection process of glyphosate. More importantly, the sensor could be used in visual semi-quantitative determination of PO43− concentrations in both living cells and living zebra fish. Therefore, the chemosensor presented here will not only be a powerful tool for the detection of phosphate anions in aqueous solution and biological systems, but also provides a new template for the design of other multifunctional chemosensors.

Drillstring Torsional Vibrations Cancelation during Off-Bottom Operations

Summary This work presents a method to move a vertical drillstring off-bottom in a given time without exciting the torsional vibrations. The control algorithm was originally developed for robots with flexible arms, and it is here applied to a long drillstring. The control strategy consists of calculating a feedforward torque based on the modal characteristics of the drillstring. The approach presented can be used to change the downhole orientation or to bring the drillstring to a stable rotational speed without residual vibrations before drilling is started. Numerical examples are presented for both displacement and velocity control strategies.

Design and optimization of an automatic hydraulic steer-by-wire system for an agricultural chassis

To meet the requirements of fast steering at low vehicle speed and slow steering at high vehicle speed, the automatic steering of agricultural chassis must control both the wheel steering angle and the steering angle’s angular speed. This study applied hydraulic steer-by-wire technology to the automatic steering control of agricultural chassis. First, the transmission mechanism of the designed steering system was optimized. According to the rule of least squares, aiming at the minimum sum of squares of errors between 10 ideal outer wheel angles and real outer wheel angles, the optimal solution of hole spacing on both sides of the steering hydraulic cylinder piston rod was 925 mm. The outer wheel angle error of the optimized steering mechanism throughout the steering stroke was less than 0.15°. Additionally, a hydraulic steer-by-wire system was developed, and the parameters of its critical components were calculated. Then, the compound control strategy of the steering cylinder piston rod displacement and moving speed was formulated for this automatic steering system. The entire control system included a valve control signal calculation model, an initial velocity calculation model, a correction velocity calculation model, and an attenuation velocity calculation model, and the formulae of each model were deduced. Based on the optimized parameters and the developed control strategy, a simulation model was built in AMESim, and simulation results showed that the proposed control strategy could achieve simultaneous controls of piston rod displacement and speed at different vehicle speeds and loads. The horizontal and vertical displacements of the right wheel center were plotted for typical vehicle speeds and steering commands. The results of this study provided a new idea for the application of hydraulic steer-by-wire technology in the automatic steering of agricultural chassis. Keywords: optimal design, steering mechanism, automatic steering, simulation analysis DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20221501.6755 Citation: Jin Y H, Yuan Y W, Zhu L C, Wang D C, Zhao B, Fang X F. Design and optimization of an automatic hydraulic steer-by-wire system for an agricultural chassis. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2022; 15(1): 132–138.

Quantifying greenhouse gas abatement delivered by alternative computer operating system displacement strategies

End user computing generates 1% of global greenhouse gas emissions caused by production processes and subsequent electricity consumption during use. The concept of displacement has the potential to reduce this environmental impact by repurposing computers at the end of their perceived useful lifespan to extend longevity. Doing so removes the immediate requirement for new devices to be manufactured, therefore potentially slowing global demand and reducing embodied emissions proportionately. However, existing research implies that a combination of improving energy consumption efficiency experienced by new devices, plus ongoing inefficiency associated with aging devices, may be sufficient to counter the abatement gains achieved by displacement. Such energy efficiency gains are due to both continuing hardware and software innovation. As an example, recent research substantiates that alternative operating systems, such as Google Chrome OS, reduce electricity consumption when compared to other popular operating systems. As such, it is reasonable to suggest that repurposing legacy Microsoft Windows computing devices with a version of Chrome OS software will counter the new device efficiency theory and deliver abatement via the process of displacement. Consequently, the objective of this research is to test this hypothesis by quantifying greenhouse gas abatement values delivered by alternative computer operating system displacement strategies and compare the result to the impact of new device manufacture and use. This is achieved via a field experiment measuring the electricity consumption of two legacy notebooks operated in the workplace before and after repurposing occurs. To enable comparison with a new device strategy, two contemporary notebooks are also measured and the embodied carbon footprint contribution recorded. When compared, the results determine two key outcomes. Firstly, a 19% average electricity consumption reduction is experienced further to repurposing the legacy Windows devices with Chrome OS Flex, enabling the notebooks to exhibit energy efficiency equivalent to new devices. Secondly, the earliest point at which the legacy ongoing electricity consumption emissions and combined new device manufacturing emissions plus use phase emissions intersect, is during the 91st year of new ownership. Consequently, as almost a century must pass to compensate for manufacturing emissions, then displacement utilising alternative operating systems should be prioritised, where feasible, if global end user computing emissions are to be meaningfully addressed.

High sensitivity detection of tumor cells in biological samples using a multivalent aptamer strand displacement strategy.

Monitoring the cell surface-expressed nucleolin facilitates early cancer diagnosis. Herein, we developed a multivalent aptamer displacement strand duplex strategy on cell membranes using a multi-receptor co-recognition design for improving the sensitivity and specificity of cancer cell recognition with an ultra-low background. The AS1411 aptamer labeled with the FAM fluorophore can be quenched using a partial complementary sequence modified with a BHQ1 tag which is partially hybridized with the AS1411 aptamer to create a receptor-activating aptamer. The multi-AS1411 activable probe based on the strand displacement strategy was constructed using multiple copies of the structure-switching AS1411 aptamer (bearing a short poly-A tail) linked together using the poly-T long chain (as a scaffold) which was synthesized by Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase (TDT)-mediated extension. We demonstrated the promising efficacy and sensitivity of our method in recognizing tumor cells in both cell mixtures and clinical cytology specimens. Due to its simple and fast operation with excellent cell recognition sensitivity and accuracy, it is expected to achieve the detection of low abundance target cells. Our approach will have broad application in clinical rapid detection and personalized medicine.

Reversible Mg metal anode in conventional electrolyte enabled by durable heterogeneous SEI with low surface diffusion barrier

The popularization of Mg metal batteries (MMBs) is plagued by Mg anode usually suffering from severe passivation and exhibiting an extremely high overpotential in conventional electrolytes. Here, a solvent-assisted additive displacement strategy is proposed to design a durable and heterogeneous solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) with low surface diffusion barrier, composed of MgCl2-rich top layer and organosilicon-dominated bottom layer. This SEI can tolerate long-term anode cycling and therefore permanently protect Mg anode against passivation in conventional electrolyte. Different from traditional SEI with porosity accumulation, this hybrid SEI is condensable with the attenuation of monolithic MgCl2 into nanodomains, which are infused and embedded in the Si-O and Si-C reinforced organic matrix, without the compromise of Mg-ion diffusion. This anti-passivation strategy enables a highly reversible Mg metal anode (over 600 cycles) in Mg(TFSI)2 based electrolyte with the enhanced interfacial kinetics, reduced overpotential (∼350 mV), large critical current density (5.6 mA cm−2) and excellent compatibility with conversion cathode without extra electrolyte additive. This work opens the avenue for the construction of highly tolerant and conductive SEI to displace fragile and passivated SEI to inspire the application of “simple” salt electrolyte in MMBs.