Dispersive Spectrum Research Articles

On the surface characterization of laser treated DIN 1.2379 tool steel

The following study aimed to optimize CO2 laser processing parameters for 1.2379 cold work tool steel to improve its surface properties. As its applications required high durability, strength, and precision, surface roughness and microhardness values were adjusted by varying laser power from 70% to 92%, laser speed from 1 to 5 mm/s, and stand-off distance from 4 to 6 mm. Using these background procedures, this specific study was performed to improve the manufacturing of tool steels used under extreme conditions. Scanning electron microscopy and profilometry were used to identify optimal settings that significantly improved the steel’s surface and subsurface appearances. A speed of 3 mm/s with a power of 81% and a stand-off distance of 5 mm resulted in minimized kerf width, kerf morphology, and spacing and improved uniformity. Using the energy dispersive x-ray spectrum, changes also measured in the distribution of elements, such as the increase in iron and chromium at the surface level of the steel. The effect of the parameters was quantified using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Taguchi method, which showed us the proportion of variance that could be described by the amount and specific parameters, with stand-off having the most impact. In this study, the specific effects of certain laser parameters on the microstructural and mechanical properties of cold work tool steel 1.2379 were recorded.

Free wave propagation in pretensioned 2D textile metamaterials

Abstract A parametric lattice model is formulated to describe the dispersion properties of harmonic elastic waves propagating in two-dimensional textile metamaterials. Within a weak nonlinear regime, the free undamped motion of the textile metamaterial, starting from a spatially periodic prestressed configuration, is governed by nonlinear differential difference equations, where nonlinearities arise from the elastic contact between plain woven yarns. Within the linear field, the linear dispersion properties characterizing the regime of small oscillation amplitudes are obtained, by applying the Bloch's theorem. Parametric analyses are carried out to study the influence of the mechanical parameters on wavefrequencies, waveforms and group velocities. As major outcome, the dispersion spectrum is found to possess two distinct passbands, covering the low- and the high-frequency ranges, respectively, while a complete mid-frequency bandgap exists for large parameter regions. Within the nonlinear field, the nonlinear wavefrequencies and the multi-harmonic non-resonant response in the time domain are described, by means of perturbation techniques. As interesting finding, the free wave are shown to propagate with a systematic softening behavior. The wave polarization exalts the nonlinear effects in the high-frequency passband.

Evaluation and calibration of the array-layout effects in dispersion spectra obtained from the frequency-Bessel transform

Evaluation and calibration of the array-layout effects in dispersion spectra obtained from the frequency-Bessel transform

Biosynthesis and activity of Zn-MnO nanocomposite in vitro with molecular docking studies against multidrug resistance bacteria and inflammatory activators

This study investigated the green synthesis of Zn-MnO nanocomposites via the fungus Penicillium rubens. Herein, the synthesized Zn-MnO nanocomposites were confirmed by UV-spectrophotometry with a top peak (370 nm). Transmission electron microscopy confirmed irregular particles with a spherical-like shape ranging from 25.13 to 36.21 nm. Numerous functional groups were detected on the surface of Zn-MnO nanocomposite via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. X-Ray diffraction assay appeared that the synthesized Zn-MnO nanocomposites contained two different components, MnO (JCPDS 81-2261) and ZnO (JCPDS 36-1451), while energy dispersive X-ray spectra confirmed the occurrence of manganese, zinc, oxygen, and carbon in Zn-MnO nanocomposites. Zn-MnO nanocomposites demonstrated excellent suppress effect versus the growth of various bacteria namely Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Salmonella typhi, and Klebsiella pneumoniae via agar well diffusion assays with inhibition areas of 36 ± 0.1, 25 ± 0.1, 27 ± 0.2, and 23 ± 0.2 mm, correspondingly. Alterations in the ultrastructure of the treated K. pneumoniae by Zn-MnO nanocomposite were recorded. Both the values of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration of Zn-MnO nanocomposite extended from 15.62 to 125 µg/mL employing the examined bacteria. The antibiofilm activity of Zn-MnO nanocomposites was 82.07, 75.43, 43.65, and 41.35% at 25% MIC, and 96.54, 93.0, 94.53, and 91.11% at 75% MIC against S. aureus, MRSA, K. pneumoniae, and S. typhi, respectively. At 25 to 75% MIC, Zn-MnO nanocomposites exhibited antihemolytic activity with the maximum activity of 96.3% at 75% MIC in the presence of MRSA. Extensive molecular docking studies were performed to identify the optimal location for manganese oxide and zinc oxide nanoclusters binding to MRSA. MnO-NPs and ZnO-NPs demonstrated inhibitory activity against the crystal structure of putative minohydrolase (PDB ID: 4EWT), methicillin acyl-penicillin binding protein 2a structure (PDB ID: 1MWU) and K2U bound crystal structure of class II peptide deformylase from MRSA (PDB ID: 6JFQ). The minimum binding energy was utilized to estimate the receptor’s binding site with NPs, providing additional understanding of the ways of action. Anti-inflammatory activity of Zn-MnO nanocomposites via cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 enzymes inhibition was documented with IC50 doses of 20.81 ± 0.68 µg/mL and 35.87 ± 1.35 µg/mL, respectively. Based on these outcomes, it was concluded that Zn-MnO nanocomposites could be useful agents for the management of multidrug resistant bacterial pathogens and inflammation.

Fabrication of three-layered aluminium-copper laminated composites using friction stir additive manufacturing

Abstract The current study employed the friction stir additive manufacturing (FSAM) method to fabricate three-layered laminated composite by utilizing 3 mm thick sheets of AA6061-T6 alloy (top and bottom layers) and pure Cu (middle layer). The feasibility of FSAM in producing high-performance Al/Cu/Al laminated composites was evaluated by analyzing the influence of tool rotational speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties. The composites were fabricated at rotational speeds of 900 rpm, 1200 rpm, and 1500 rpm; maintaining a traverse speed of 90 mm min−1 throughout the experiments. Changes in the weld morphology, macrostructure, microstructure, and intermetallic formation were noted and analyzed. The findings indicated that achieving macro defect-free joints is possible with a rotational speed of 1200 rpm. Detailed examinations via electron dispersive spectrum and x-ray diffraction revealed the presence of AlCu, Al2Cu and Al2Cu3 intermetallic compounds within the nugget zone. Significantly varied microhardness levels ranging from 59.4 to 143.7 HV0.1 were observed, corresponding to distinct microstructural features within the processed zone. The Al/Cu laminated composite exhibited an excellent combination of strength and ductility; a UTS of 214.6 MPa and an elongation of 23.4%. The findings showcase that utilizing FSAM presents an exceptional opportunity to fabricate novel Al/Cu multilayered composites with distinctive mechanical properties.

Extracting Dispersion Spectrum Directly From the High-Speed Train-Induced Seismic Signal

Extracting Dispersion Spectrum Directly From the High-Speed Train-Induced Seismic Signal

Phase equilibria studies of the CaO–SbOx system in air

AbstractThe phase equilibria information of the CaO–SbOx system in the range of 700–1580°C in air was obtained for the first time using quenching method and thermal analysis. The equilibrium phase compositions were determined using x‐ray diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy‐Energy Dispersion Spectrum. The invariant reaction temperatures were determined using thermogravimetry‐differential scanning calorimetry. A perovskite solid solution between Ca2Sb2O7 and CaO, designated as (Ca6Sb2O11)s.s, was observed. Within this solid solution, three polymorphic forms were identified: orthorhombic, tetragonal, and cubic. The transition temperatures between these polymorphic forms vary with compositional changes. Additionally, the crystal structure of cubic Ca6Sb2O11 was analyzed. CaSb2O6 was observed to decompose into Ca2Sb2O7, Sb4O6, and O2 above 1336 ± 5°C. The eutectic temperature of α‐Sb2O4 and CaSb2O6 was found to be 1220 ± 5°C.

Lubrication-Enhanced Mechanisms of Bentonite Grease Using 2D MoS2 with Narrow Lateral Size and Thickness Distributions

2D MoS2 with narrow lateral size and thickness distributions was introduced to promote the anti-friction and anti-wear properties of the bentonite grease (BG) in a state of boundary lubrication. Optical microscopy (OM), and 3D optical profilers (3D OP), Raman spectrometry (Raman), scanning electron microscope, energy dispersion spectrum (SEM-EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were applied to characterize the wear surface of the GCr15 bearing steel/GCr15 bearing steel contact. It is found that the average friction coefficient (AFC), wear scar diameter (WSD), surface roughness and average wear scar depth of BG + 1.2 wt.% 2D MoS2 were effectively reduced by approximately 22.15%, 23.14%, 55.15%, and 21.1%, respectilvely, compared with BG under the working condition of 392N, 75 °C, 1 h, and 1200 rpm. Raman, EDS and XPS results jointly demonstrated that a stable adsorbed film and a robust tribochemical film composed of Fe2O3, FeSO4, Fe2(SO4)3, FeSO3, FeS, FeO and MoO3, which further contributes to the enhancement of lubrication performance.

Observation of edge bound states in the continuum at truncated silicon pillar photonic crystal

Bound states in the continuum are optical modes with extremely high-quality factors and narrow resonances, which exist in the dispersion spectrum of the radiative region above the light line. A unique bound state in the continuum is supported at the edge of truncated photonic crystals, which is a type of a Fabry-Pérot type bound state in the continuum, but has never been observed in experiments. Here, we demonstrate the bound states in the continuum supported at the edge array of silicon (Si) pillars whose diameter is bigger than that of the rest of a Si-pillar two-dimensional photonic crystal. We also show the tunability of the resonance and surface sensitivity of the mode when Si pillars are conformally coated with nanometer-thick aluminium oxide films. The presence of an oxide nanofilm improves the quality factor by over 60 % and shifts the resonance wavelength. Such behavior signifies the substantial potential of the bound states in the continuum on two-dimensional photonic crystals for post-fabrication tuning of the quality factor and surface sensing applications.

Simulated bubble oscillations in gearboxes for electrified vehicles

Abstract The shift in drive concepts from internal combustion engines to electrified vehicles is changing the demands on drive machines and their associated subsystems. A well-known phenomenon in oil-lubricated transmissions is the unavoidable mixing of air with the oil during operation. The so-called oil-air-dispersion that occurs can be measured on the basis of the air bubble size and air bubble size distribution in the oil in a dispersion spectrum that occurs depends on geometry, speed and torque. Due to the increase in speed by several orders of magnitude in electrified vehicles, the speed- and torque-based vibration excitation of the transmission changes both in the excitation frequencies and in the excitation amplitudes. This brings physical effects into focus that previously played no role in drive technology. One of these physical effects is vibration-induced cavitation, which generates high pressures and temperatures and has negative effects on both the oils used and the mechanical components. The vibration behavior of air bubbles in oil is calculated using the Gilmore model from a realistic bubble size and relevant excitation frequencies.

Mechanical property and cracking mechanism of Cr-coated Zr alloy under tensile and compressive loading

Cr coatings are considered as the most promising candidate materials for accident-tolerant fuel cladding coatings. In combination with optical microscopy, focus ion beam, energy dispersive spectrum and universal testing machine, the effect of Cr coating on hoop tensile and compressive mechanical properties of Zr alloy was studied and the underlying cracking failure mechanism of Cr coating was revealed. The results indicate that Cr coating slightly increases tensile/compressive yield strength and tensile strength compared with those of uncoated Zr alloy. This is attributed to high hardness/elastic modulus of Cr coating. Interrupted hoop tensile and compressive tests show that Cr coating cracking concentrates in the range of 0-30°. Further, crack initiation of the coating occurs either at the surface or at the interface between Cr coating and the matrix. Compared with the former, the latter is dominant cracking mode, irrespective of tensile and compressive loading. In lights of the advanced microstructural analysis, one possible reason, i.e., the existence of nano-scaled Al-enriched loose layer between the interface, in which nano-cracks and voids exist, is proposed to explain the interfacial cracking. The result indicates that the optimization of the interfaces can improve the resistance of coating failure. In addition, crystallographic study demonstrates that the crack propagation in the Cr coating is along the high-angle grain boundaries with the misorientation of 50°.

Can the compressed sensing theory be utilized in active source surface wave exploration? A primary result

Abstract Active source surface wave exploration is a crucial technique for delineating shallow underground structures, widely utilized in geological engineering, urban geology, environmental geology, geological hazard assessment, and related fields. Seismic data acquisition plays a pivotal role in active source surface wave exploration techniques, which accounts for most costs. Consequently, research into low-cost acquisition methods holds great significance for active source surface wave exploration. Compressed sensing theory, a novel sampling paradigm, has been proven to facilitate cost-saving measures in certain geophysical prospecting techniques. However, its potential has not yet been investigated within the realm of surface wave exploration. This study explores the feasibility of applying compressed sensing theory in shallow seismic surface wave exploration. An edge-preservation piecewise random sampling method is employed as the compressed sensing sampling strategy, and data reconstruction is accomplished through a damped rank-reduction technique. The fully sampled and reconstructed data undergo identical surface wave data processing procedures, including dispersion spectrum calculation, and dispersion curve inversion. Simulated and field surface wave data experiments demonstrate that the reconstructed data obtained via compressed sensing theory can achieve comparable results to conventionally sampled data. Based on this theory, it is possible to significantly reduce the requisite number of equipment and field workload, making it a promising way for shallow subsurface structure detection.

Multichannel Analysis of Ambient Noise Surface Waves Based on Semblance Phase-Shift Method

Ambient noise surface wave exploration is one of the fields of interest in geophysical research. Extracting dispersion curves and inverting the S-wave velocity structure from the dispersion characteristics is also of primary importance. The accuracy of dispersion curves has great significance for the subsequent inversion result and its interpretation. The phase-shift method is widely used in dispersion imaging of surface waves. This method possesses advantages on stability but also suffers a lot from low resolution and low noise resistance. Therefore, we propose an improved phase-shift method based on semblance coefficients. This method replaces linear stacking in the traditional phase-shift method by calculating semblance coefficients and, therefore, can effectively improve the resolution and noise resistance of surface wave dispersion spectrum imaging. Tests are implemented on both synthetic ambient noise data and field data recorded by a short-period dense seismic array located in the ChangbaiShan region to evaluate the proposed method. The dispersion spectrum imaging results of the model and field data show that the semblance phase-shift (SPS) method has better noise resistance and computational accuracy than the traditional phase-shift method. The inversion results indicate that it is possible to obtain a reasonable S-wave velocity structure by inverting the dispersion curves resulting from the semblance phase-shift method. By constructing a 3 km deep and 4.8 km long S-wave velocity image, the velocity structure and abnormal conditions beneath the array in the ChangbaiShan region are presented. The results indicate a significant low-velocity anomaly at a depth of 1 km. It is inferred that it may be a fluid-rich structure.

A comprehensive analysis of the structural, phonon, electronic, mechanical, optical, and thermophysical properties of cubic Ca3SbX3 (X = Cl, Br): DFT - GGA and mBJ studies

The current investigation employed first-principles calculation to assess the structural, phonon, mechanical, electronic, optical, thermodynamic, and thermoelectric properties of lead-free cubic Ca3SbX3 (X = Cl, Br). The dynamic stability of both compounds is assessed by analyzing the phonon dispersion spectrum. The distance between atoms is significantly reduced, leading to a large drop in the bond length, cell volume, and lattice constant of Ca3SbX3 (X = Cl, Br) compounds upon applying pressure. Ca3SbCl3 and Ca3SbBr3 compounds have direct bandgaps (Γ-Γ) of 2.57 and 2.27 eV via mBJ functional and 1.82 and 1.34 eV via GGA functional at 0 GPa pressure. Additionally, the bandgaps of Ca3SbCl3 and Ca3SbBr3 decrease to 1.65 eV and 1.45 eV, respectively, when accounting for the quantum effects of spin-orbit coupling (SOC). As the level of pressure rises to 30 GPa, Ca3SbCl3 and Ca3SbBr3 compound's band gaps reduce to 0.89 and 0.65 eV via mBJ functional and 0.27 and 0.12 via GGA functional. Increasing pressure is shown to reduce the effective mass, thereby enhancing the conductivity of both types of charge carriers. The reduced recombination rate signifies both compounds' greater absorption capabilities, making them more suitable for solar absorbers. The analysis of the mechanical properties indicates that as pressure increases, the elastic moduli rise, and the material transitions from being brittle to becoming more ductile. Additionally, both materials show a redshift of absorption and optical conductivity with improved dielectric constants at high pressure owing to the alteration in the bandgap, which is more appropriate for surgical instruments and solar absorbers. Thermodynamic properties show their temperature tolerance and appropriateness for high temperatures. Lastly, their thermoelectric property evaluation indicates high PF and near unity ZT, suggesting their use in thermoelectric devices.

Influence of Ag-concentration on TiO2-supported catalysts for photocatalytic degradation of microplastics PA66 in marine

Over the past few years, microplastics pollution in marine environments has become a global concern. In this study, a series of silver-doped titanium dioxide (Ag/TiO2) photocatalysts were prepared by the photo-assisted deposition method as an alternative approach for the rapid removal of microplastics particles from aqueous media, specifically polyamide 66 (PA66), the major type of microplastics in marine. The physicochemical and optical properties of photocatalysts were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Energy Dispersion Spectrum (EDS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Photoluminescence Spectroscopy (PL), and Ultraviolet-visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV–vis DRS). The characterization results of the photocatalysts indicated that the appropriate loading of Ag on TiO2 significantly enhanced the optical properties of the catalysts. Specifically, 1.5 % Ag/TiO2 (AT1.5) exhibited the best light absorption performance and the lowest bandgap value, effectively suppressing the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Furthermore, a series of photocatalytic degradation experiments confirmed that AT1.5 exhibited optimal performance in degrading PA66. Under UVA irradiation for 4 hours, the photocatalytic degradation of PA66 by AT1.5 resulted in a mass loss of 58.9 %. The degradation rate of PA66 increased with the amount of catalyst. When the mass ratio of AT1.5 to PA66 was 3:1, PA66 experienced 100 % mass loss after 4 hours of UVA exposure. Finally, through qualitative analysis, this study proposed the possible pathways and mechanisms for the photocatalytic degradation of PA66 by Ag/TiO2. Despite the challenges posed by microplastics pollution to marine ecosystems, this research provides a rapid and effective degradation method.

Biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Carica Papaya and Cymbopogon Citratus leaf extracts: a comparative investigation of morphology and structures

Leaf extracts of Carica Papaya and Cymbopogon Citratus were used as reducing agents for the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), and their morphological and structural characteristics were examined using FESEM, TEM, HR-TEM, SAED, AFM, XRD and FTIR. Also, their hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential were determined. The energy band gap of ZnO NPs synthesized using C. papaya and C. citratus extracts were in the range 3.29 to 3.31 eV, and had hexagonal and quasi-spherical morphology. Energy dispersive X-ray spectra confirmed the presence of zinc and oxygen in them. The mean surface roughness (Ra) of nanoparticles synthesized using C. papaya and C. citratus leaf extracts were 2.928 and 2.496 nm, respectively, while their mean hydrodynamic diameter was 9.21 and 10.06 nm, respectively. From HR-TEM, the interplanar distance (d-spacing) of lattice fringes was found to be 0.25 nm for both types of nanoparticles. FTIR spectra ascertained the formation of ZnO NPs, and also the presence of some phytochemical compounds arising from the leaf extracts-mediated synthesis. The SAED images and X-ray diffractograms confirmed the hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure of the nanoparticles. It could be concluded that relatively pure and ultrafine ZnO NPs with different characteristics were synthesized using this simple and ecofriendly route.

Novel Syntheses of Wide-Band Gap Semiconducting CdxZnx−1Co2O4 of Spinel Nanostructure: Characterization and Optical Properties

AbstractCadmium doped zinc cobaltite spinel structure in the form of CdxZnx-1Co2O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) are synthesized by sol-gel method. The energy dispersive X-ray spectra confirm the synthesis of pure ZnCo2O4 and Cd doped samples nanoparticles. Scanning and transmission electron microscopes images of Cd ZnCo2O4 samples show the cubic crystal structure of the nanoparticles. A good crystallinity of the ZnCo2O4 and its dopants samples are indicated by the sharpness and strong peaks of X-ray diffraction patterns. The particle size is independent of the ratio of incorporated Cd into the ZnCo2O4 matrix. The FT-IR transmission spectrum of each Cdx Zn1-xCo2O4 complex shows two strong vibration peaks that are ascribed to the spinel structure’s octahedral and tetrahedral. The absorption spectra reveal three distinct absorption characteristics for Cdx Znx-1Co2O4 peaking at 268, 532 and 778 nm due to the photoexcitation of electrons from O 2p to Co 3d transitions and d-d transition of Co 3d. N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms for Cdx Znx-1Co2O4 indicate are carried out.

Investigation of the physical properties and pressure-induced band gap tuning of Sr3ZBr3 (Z=As, Sb) for optoelectronic and thermoelectric applications: A DFT - GGA and mBJ studies

This study discusses the feasibility of diversifying the scope of application of lead-free Sr3ZBr3 (Z = As, Sb) as promising materials for their enhanced electronic, mechanical, optical, thermodynamic, and thermoelectric properties using first-principles calculation based on Density Functional Theory (DFT). Both compounds have cubic crystal structures, and both materials' dynamic stability is validated by the lack of negative frequencies in their phonon dispersion spectra. Besides ground state physical characteristics, we also examined the impact of hydrostatic pressure (0–21 GPa) on electronic, mechanical, and optical properties. The lattice parameters exhibit a linear decrease from 6.27 to 5.61 Å for Sr3AsBr3 and 6.45 to 5.71 Å for Sr3SbBr3 under increasing pressure, attributed to bond length reduction, which alters their physical properties. Initially observed direct band gap (Γ-Γ) of Sr3AsBr3 and Sr3SbBr3 were 2.35 and 2.30 eV using modified Becke-Johnson (mBJ) functional which reduces to 1.15 and 0.82 eV as the compounds go from 0 to 21 GPa pressure. This study reveals enhanced optical properties under pressure, with broader spectral response, increased sensitivity, and improved dielectric constant. Optical absorption and conductivity also shift toward lower-energy photons. The investigation further shows that the compounds show brittle to ductile transition under high pressure. Their ductility and anisotropy nature are further enhanced with pressure along with other mechanical features. The thermodynamic properties indicate their ability to withstand and perform well at high temperatures and pressures. Lastly, the thermoelectric properties of Sr3ZBr3 (Z = As, Sb) were assessed through electrical and thermal conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, power factor (PF), and figure of merit (ZT) as a function of temperature. Both compounds exhibit high PF and near-unity ZT. These findings underscore their potential as strong candidates for optoelectronic and thermoelectric devices, owing to their direct bandgap and exceptional properties.

Isolation and characterization of biomass waste based bioplasticizer from Eucalyptus leaf: A suitability analysis of biofiller for polymeric composites

Plasticizers improve polymeric materials' properties and processability as additives. Currently, a variety of liquid synthetic plasticizers derived from fossil fuels are available. The environmental unsuitability of these materials could potentially lead to adverse effects on the environment. When we compare solid and liquid plasticizers, we find an infinite variety of liquid plasticizers. As a result, our work focuses on the extraction of plasticizer from plant sources. Accordingly, the plasticizer is extracted from eucalyptus leaves via solvent purification and surface catalysis. Research was conducted utilizing X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Ultraviolet (UV) visible spectroscopy to determine the characteristics of plasticizer. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) analysis are used to analyze the surface morphology of the isolated plasticizer. The plasticizer's UV examination reveals active absorption at 375.21 nm. The plasticizer was determined to have a lower density of 0.941 g/cm3. The plasticizer that was extracted had a low solubility in water and organic solvents while possessing an estimated molecular weight of 340. The glass transition temperature of plasticizer was also examined using differential scanning electron microscopy analysis and found to be 64.17 °C. The crystallinity index and size were found to be 34.08 % and 28.57 nm, respectively. The characteristic features obtained were well-suited for use as filler in polymer composite materials.

Synthesis of Copper(I) Oxide Thin Film Through Potentiostatic Electrodeposition as an Antioxidant Film

Research on metal-based nanoparticles, such as silver, gold, and copper(I) oxide (Cu2O), has drawn considerable attention due to their potential applications in catalysis, antioxidants, antimicrobials, and anticancer fields. In this study, we successfully deposited Cu2O antioxidant films on indium tin oxide substrates through potentiostatic electrodeposition. The X-ray diffraction characterization revealed distinct peaks at 2θ value of 36.32°, 42.21°, and 61.30°, indicating the crystal structure of Cu2O thin film. The scanning electron microscopy image showed the three-sided pyramid morphology of Cu2O particles with average size of 316.18 nm. The energy dispersive X-ray spectrum confirmed the purity of the thin film, which is composed only of Cu and O elements without any impurities. The photoelectrochemical showed that the deposited Cu2O has a maximum photocurrent density of 8.37 mA/cm² under visible light irradiation and 1.40 mA/cm² without irradiation. In addition, this study also found that the highest inhibition values of DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radicals were observed when ascorbic acid was added.