Dispersed Power Research Articles

Professional Tennis’s Constellational Response to COVID-19

Tennis’s dispersed power relations have made its semiorganized response to COVID-19 “constellational” rather than hierarchical. The author uses the term “constellational” in two senses. First, what might appear to be a disorganized set of stars in the night sky can, with a bit of orientation, be tracked into discernible and more meaningful patterns. In tennis, constellations are clusters of tour events that are linked through geography, court surface, governing bodies, key sponsors, and other forms of patronage. Second, the author invoked the language of “constellations” to draw upon the popular connotation of “stars”: iconic figures on- and off-court who speak and act in ways that carry outsize importance to the game’s audience. This constellational set of power relations has led to conflicted messaging—only sometimes valuing public health. Both prestigious tournaments and star players have emerged as important stakeholders, as tennis assesses its future—and organizational structure—postpandemic.

The Permeability of Natural versus Anthropogenic Forest Edges Modulates the Abundance of Ground Beetles of Different Dispersal Power and Habitat Affinity

Forest edges are formed by natural or anthropogenic processes and their maintaining processes cause fundamentally different edge responses. We evaluated the published evidence on the effect of various edges on the abundance of ground beetles of different habitat affinity and dispersal power. Our results, based on 23 publications and 86 species, showed that natural forest edges were impenetrable for open-habitat species with high dispersal power, preventing their influx into the forest interiors, while forest specialist species of limited dispersal power penetrated and reached abundances comparable to those in forest interiors. Anthropogenic edges, maintained by continued disturbance were permeable by macropterous open-habitat species, allowing them to invade the forest interiors, while such edges (except the forestry-induced ones) deterred brachypterous forest specialists. Different permeability of forest edges with various maintaining processes can affect ecosystem functions and services, therefore the preservation and restoration of natural forest edges are key issues in both forest ecology and nature conservation.

On Poisson-exponential-Tweedie models for ultra-overdispersed count data

We introduce a new class of Poisson-exponential-Tweedie (PET) mixture in the framework of generalized linear models for ultra-overdispersed count data. The mean–variance relationship is of the form $$m+m^{2}+\phi m^{p}$$ , where $$\phi$$ and p are the dispersion and Tweedie power parameters, respectively. The proposed model is equivalent to the exponential-Poisson–Tweedie models arising from geometric sums of Poisson–Tweedie random variables. In this respect, the PET models encompass the geometric versions of Hermite, Neyman Type A, Polya–Aeppli, negative binomial and Poisson–inverse Gaussian models. The algorithms we shall propose allow to estimate the real power parameter, which works as an automatic distribution selection. Instead of the classical Poisson, zero-shifted geometric is presented as the reference count distribution. Practical properties are incorporated into the PET of new relative indexes of dispersion and zero-inflation phenomena. Simulation studies demonstrate that the proposed model highlights unbiased and consistent estimators for large samples. Illustrative practical applications are analysed on count data sets, in particular, PET models for data without covariates and PET regression models. The PET models are compared to Poisson–Tweedie models showing that parameters of both models are adopted to data.

Bilinear forms through the binary Bell polynomials, N solitons and Bäcklund transformations of the Boussinesq–Burgers system for the shallow water waves in a lake or near an ocean beach

Water waves are one of the most common phenomena in nature, the studies of which help energy development, marine/offshore engineering, hydraulic engineering, mechanical engineering, etc. Hereby, symbolic computation is performed on the Boussinesq–Burgers system for shallow water waves in a lake or near an ocean beach. For the water-wave horizontal velocity and height of the water surface above the bottom, two sets of the bilinear forms through the binary Bell polynomials and N-soliton solutions are worked out, while two auto-Bäcklund transformations are constructed together with the solitonic solutions, where N is a positive integer. Our bilinear forms, N-soliton solutions and Bäcklund transformations are different from those in the existing literature. All of our results are dependent on the water-wave dispersive power.

FORMULASI DAN EVALUASI FISIK KRIM KOSMETIK DENGAN VARIASI EKSTRAK KAYU SECANG (Caesalpinia sappan) DAN BEESWAX SUMBAWA

In this research, secang wood will be used as a cream using Sumbawa beeswax base. The purpose of this study was to obtain the best cream formulation with secang wood extract and beeswax. Cream formula is based on the concentration of secang extract 0.5-2.5 grams and beeswax 0.2-4 grams in 20 grams of the preparation. Determination of physical evaluation will be carried out several tests, namely organoleptic test, pH, adhesion, dispersal power and protective power. The results showed that all three formulas, Formulation 1 (F1) and F3 were homogeneous, while F2 was not homogeneous. In pH testing, all formulations 1,2 and 3 have an average pH of 6. And in organoleptic testing, F3 shows a score of 3.9 in form and is the highest compared to the two other formulations, F1 has a score of 2.8, F2 scores 2.2. Whereas in color organoleptic, the highest score is F3 with a score of 3.8, F1 score 2.8 and F3 score 2.2. And in odorless organoleptics, F1 has the highest score of 3.6, F3 score of 3.3 and F2 score of 2.7. In the scatter power test, F1 has an average value of 11.8, F2 with a value of 53.52 and F3 with a value of 11.68. F1, F2 and F3 adhesion tests have values ??of 2.3 seconds, 2.3 and 3.67, respectively. And in KOH protection testing all formulas show changes.

Examination of the Lawmaking Power of the Executive Arm of Government, Separation of Powers, Checks and Balances under the Nigerian Constitutional Democracy

Modern day government is designed to reduce concentration of power, promote personal liberty and prevent abuse of power. Many Constitutions are therefore crafted to provide for distribution of governmental powers, separation of powers, checks and balances. This is a notable feature of the 1999 Constitution of Nigeria which has prescribed the scope and limits for each arm of government, and areas to integrate the dispersed power into a workable government. Recently, the Supreme Court of Nigeria in Attorney-General of Abia State & 35 ors v. Attorney General of the Federation nullified Executive Order 10 issued by the President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria which sought to grant financial autonomy to the state judiciary and legislature. The judgment of the apex Court has raised a number of constitutional issues which are germane to our constitutional democracy. It has brought to the fore the need for each organ to be independent within its own domain and no one organ of government has supervisory power or control over other arms. It espoused the sanctity of the doctrine of separation of powers, checks and balances as desirable under the Nigerian Presidential Constitution. The confusion associated with the advent of executive orders requires urgent clarification not only for the citizens but the operators of the constitution. This paper adopts the doctrinal research methodology and critically analyzes the constitutional provisions on the law-making power of the executive arm, separation of powers, and draws experiences from advanced constitutional democracies. It concludes that the 1999 constitution recognizes some level of integration and interaction amongst the different arms of government, and maintains a delicate balance to avoid concentration of power. It is therefore the responsibility of each arm of government to operate within its area of competence and respect the limit prescribed by the constitution.

STABILITY COMPARISON OF TULASI (Ocimum tenuiflorum L.) LEAF GEL HAND SANITIZER USING 0.5% AND 1% CMC-Na

Background: Hand sanitizers contain 62% alcohol, softener and moisturizer. High alcohol content is able to irritate and make hands dry. A suitable moisturizer is needed for this preparation. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the physical quality of gel hand sanitizer formulation of Ocimum tenuiflorum with CMC-Na as a gelling agent at a concentration of 0.5% and 1% CMC-Na. Methods: Data were collected at week-0,1,2,3,4, and replication is performed three times at each concentration of each measurement. The test results of the spread and adhesion data analysis using SPSS with a 95% confidence level. Results: Dispersive power and adhesion showed no significant difference (p <0.05) at week 0 and week 4 means second-hand sanitizer gel formulation concentration is not stable. Gel hand sanitizer leaves of Tulasi (Ocimum tenuiflorum) at a concentration of 1% CMC-Na stable from week 0 to week 3, while the concentration of 0.5% CMC-Na change at week 2. Gel hand sanitizer leaves of Tulasi (Ocimum tenuiflorum) with a gelling agent CMC-Na should need to be titrated. Conclusion: Gel hand sanitizer leaves of Tulasi (Ocimum tenuiflorum) that use concentrations of 1% CMC-Na as a gelling agent have a physical quality that is more stable than the organoleptic test concentration of 0.5% CMC-Na.
 Keywords: Hand sanitizer, Ocimum tenuiflorum L., CMC-Na, Physical quality evaluation

Pengaruh Perbandingan Fase Minyak Virgin Coconout Oil (Cocos nucifera L.) dan Lemak Kakao (Theobrama Cacao L.) serta Suhu terhadap Karakteristik Sediaan Krim

Virgin coconut oil turn into liquid based in a room temperature that has lot of vitamin E and coconut acid. Cocoa butter is solid in temperature that has lot of stearic acid. This research aims to know the temperature effects and comparation of oil phase , virgin coconut oil : cocoa butter in the characteristic of cream based determine the temperature and comparation of oil phase (virgin coconut oil : cocoa butter) to produce cream based. The trial design in this research was the second factorial trial. This reasearch used factorial randomized block. First factorial was the comparation oil phase of virgin coconut oil : cocoa butter consist of 3 levels, that is 1:3, 1:5 and 1:7. While in the second factorial the was heating temperatures, consist of 3 levels that is 60±2°C, 70±2°C and 80±2°C. The comparation treatments of oil phase virgin coconut oil : cocoa butter that really affected the viscosity, cohenren power, diameter of spread power and seperation ratio, heating temperature really affected with diameter of spread power and coherent power. Tempererature treatment and comporation of oil phase affected the diameter of spread power. The temperature treatment and oil phase ratio have a very significant effect on the dispersal power. Comparison of VCO and cocoa butter treatment (1:7) with a temperature of 80±2°C is the best treatment to produce cream preparations with characteristics of a homogeneous cream, viscosity (46.000 cp), cohenren power (9,77 seconds), diameter of spread power (7,075 cm), separator ratio (0,27 cm) and pH (6,65).
 Keywords: Virgin coconut oil, cocoa butter, temperature, characteristic, based cream.

Analyst Forecast Dispersion and Market Return Predictability: Does Conditional Equity Premium Play a Role?

Prior studies found that analyst forecast dispersion predicts future market returns. Some prior studies attribute this predictability to the short-sale constraints in the market according to the overpricing theory. Using the U.S. data from 1981 to 2014, we find that the return predictive power of aggregate dispersion only exists prior to 2005. The investor sentiment index, as a proxy of short-sale constraints used by many studies, can only explain the dispersion effect prior to 2005. The investor sentiment index and other proxies such as institutional ownership and put options cannot explain the significant weakening of the dispersion effect after the global financial crisis. We argue that the dispersion-return relation is partly driven by the correlation between dispersion and conditional equity premium. Our evidence suggests that the short-sale constrained stocks do not experience a higher dispersion effect, which is contrary to what the overpricing theory predicts.

Investment Risk Assessment of Dispersed Wind Power in Low Wind Speed Area Using a Hybrid Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach Based on Hesitant Fuzzy Linguistic Environment

Reducing the phenomenon of wind curtailment is essential to improve the level of wind power consumption. Wind power development in China has shifted to southeast region and dispersed wind power has developed rapidly and gradually become the new main force. However, various obstacles limit the smooth progress of dispersed wind power in low wind speed area. An important point is the absence of targeted risk analysis and evaluation methods. Therefore, the principal contribution of this paper is to find out the critical risk factors of such projects and propose the risk assessment model. First, 18 critical risk factors are identified using the constructed five-dimensional risk analysis model. Second, the hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set with credibility is utilized to collect evaluation information on one hand and to improve the multicriteria decision-making methods involved on the other hand. Third, the risk evaluation and ranking for 10 provinces that mainly develop dispersed wind power is carried out. The evaluation results indicate that the risk level of dispersed wind power projects is “Relatively Low” in most study provinces and the risk levels of Guangdong and Fujian are higher. It is worth noting that the consistency between the evaluation results and the distribution of wind resources can be used to guide the formulation of stimulus policies. Besides, the ranking results show some preference for investment choice. Finally, dual sensitivity analysis tests the stability of the model and shows the ranking results under different decision preferences. Scenario analysis gives the possible risk scenarios and evaluation results in the future. This study can provide insightful inspiration to wind power investors, risk management practitioners, and policymakers.

The Role of Framing Mechanisms in Explaining System‐Wide Change: The Case of the Northern Ireland Conflict and Peace Process

AbstractSystem‐wide change is often challenging to achieve due to complex and fragmented institutions, dispersed and diffused power structures, confidence‐sapping histories of failure and the influence of multiple and overlapping fields. This study examines how a large complex system‐wide problem such as the Northern Ireland Conflict and Peace Process was paradoxically opened up and made more receptive to change by widening of the way the problem was framed. We demonstrate how and why the framing enables the mobilization of cooperation and the delivery of contextually appropriate collective action critical to the achievement of outcomes in system‐wide change processes. More specifically, we examine how and why such complex and precarious processes emerge over extended timescales through four mechanisms: frame contesting, reframing, frame reproduction and frame defending. Each of these mechanisms is agentic, dynamic, purposive and politically charged. The time‐series analysis of these interlinked mechanisms is a crucial and innovative feature of the study. We encourage management and organizational scholars to elevate their gaze to the system‐wide changes so emblematic of contemporary society and offer an outline agenda for research.

Can dispersed wind power take off in China: A technical & institutional economics analysis

In recent years, China has successively issued relevant policies to support the development of distributed renewable energy sources such as dispersed wind power (DWP) and distributed photovoltaic (DPV). The capacity of DPV grows fast, but the progress of DWP deployment is limited. In this paper, the improved levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) model and the internal rate of return (IRR) are employed to evaluate the economics of DWP and DPV for case regions. We find that, under current market regime, the IRR of DWP in eastern and central regions is 8.81%–10.34% for the grid side, and which of DPV is 9.08%–12.8% for the user side. When the power market is restructured, the IRR of DWP for industrial and commercial user side increases to 12.73%–14.86%, higher than that the return of DPV. Policy implications on grid-connection, land expropriation, and financial support, planning and approval procedure are proposed to promote the development of DWP. Overall, this paper covers the research gap on the development of DWP in China with a technical/institutional economics perspective and a comparison with DPV. Furthermore, our efforts make a significant contribution to DWP policy by identifying the institutional factors that hinder the development of DWP.

FORMULASI DAN UJI SIFAT FISIK MASKER ANTIJERAWAT DARI EKSTRAK SABUT KELAPA ( Cocos nucifera L)

Coconut is a multipurpose tree for people in the tropics. Almost all parts can be used such as leaves, fruit, stems, and roots. Besides having many benefits of coconut, it also produces waste from its fruit, namely coconut fiber. Coconut coir has a very high tannin content. In general, tannin compounds can be indicated as anti-inflammatory, and anti-bacterial. The purpose of this study was to formulate the anti-acne mask from coconut coir extract and to test its physical properties. This study uses an experimental research method, in which three mask formulas are made with variations in the concentration of active substances and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). In this study the active substance used was coconut coir extract. The formulas used are formulas A, B, and C with the concentration of active substances successively as follows: 1%, 2%, 4%. The results of research that have been carried out that the mask formula that has the best physical properties is formula B, because it fulfills the physical properties provisions of the peel off face mask including organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, dispersal power, and drying time.

Grasshopper optimisation algorithm of multistage PDF + (1 + PI) controller for AGC with GDB and GRC nonlinearity of dispersed type power system

This article introduces Grasshopper Optimisation Algorithm (GOA)-based multistage Proportional Derivative filter type (PDF) with One plus Proportional Integral (1 + PI) controller for Automatic Generation control (AGC) in dispersed type three area power system. The control-area 1 consists of thermal, hydro and Wind units. Similarly, control-area 2 consists of thermal, hydro and Diesel units. Control-area 3 consists of thermal, hydro and Gas units. Nonlinearities like Governor dead-band, GRC (generation rate-constraint) and boiler dynamics are included for realistic representation. A comparative analysis is carried out by GOA with multistage PDF + (1 + PI) controller with classical PID/PI controller to justify the superiority of the proposed controller. The dominance characteristic of GOA with PDF + (1 + PI) controller structure is tested over Particle swarm optimisation (PSO) and Genetic algorithm (GA) optimisers with PDF + (1 + PI) controller. The robustness of the complete framework was justified by study and analysis of sensitivity by enhancing and decaying SLP and system elements in a band 50% from its minimal value. From the analysis, it is found that the GOA method with PDF + (1 + PI) controller is providing dominance characteristics performance with random load variations and system parameters of the various components of the power system.

Inhibitory Activity Of Roselle Flower (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.) Aqueous Extract - Sodium Alginate Gel Against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923

Staphylococcus aureus is one type of bacterium that causes skin infections resistant to some antibiotics. This encourages research to find new antibacterials by using substances from natural sources, often called medicinal plants. Aqueous extract of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) flower (AERF) was selected as one of natural ingredients for antibacterial in gel dosage form, in which sodium alginate was used as a matrix base. In this study, determination of the sodium alginate concentration effects (2.5%, 3% and 3.5%) on the properties of the gel was performed. The characteristics evaluated included pH, viscosity, and dispersive power; that should be met standard requirement and the gel ability to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 growths. A diffusion test method was used to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the AERF powder against the test bacteria. The study results showed that AERF gel preparation with a composition of 3% sodium alginate and 3% roselle extract had better properties (pH, viscosity, and dispersive power) than the matrix and extract concentrations of 2.5% and 3.5% respectively. It was found that the optimum formula obtained a MIC of 0.04 mg/ml. In line with these results, it is expected that the AERF gel preparation will be stable, safe, and acceptable when used and might be recommended as antibacterial topical dosage form against Staphylococcus aureus. In the future, inhibitory activity against resistant pathogenic bacteria could be evaluated and developed.

Cholic acid is a versatile coating-forming dispersant for electrophoretic deposition of diamond, graphene, carbon dots and polytetrafluoroethylene

Sodium cholate (ChANa) is used for the first time as an advanced charged dispersant and coating-forming molecular agent for electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of different advanced materials, such as diamonds, carbon dots, graphene and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The amphiphilic structure of ChANa facilitates its adsorption on the materials and allows their good dispersion. The coating formation mechanism is based on gel-forming properties as well as pH-dependent solubility and pH-dependent charge of ChANa. A conceptually novel strategy is proposed for the deposition of PTFE films and composites. PTFE films prepared by EPD show strong adhesion to stainless steel substrates. Potentiodynamic and impedance spectroscopy studies indicate that PTFE films provide corrosion protection of steel. The potentiodynamic studies of the coated stainless steel substrates show significant reduction of corrosion current, whereas impedance spectroscopy show increasing impedance. The film thickness is varied in the range of 1–30 μm by variation of deposition time in the range of 0.5–5 min and deposition voltage in the range of 7–50 V. Building on the strong dispersion power and electrochemical properties of ChANa we demonstrate the feasibility of composite film fabrication by a combined electrodeposition method, which involves electropolymerization of polypyrrole and EPD of diamonds. This investigation opens new and unexplored routes in the electrochemical deposition of advanced materials using ChANa as a co-dispersing and coating-forming agent.

Sodium deoxycholate as a versatile dispersing and coating-forming agent: A new facet of electrophoretic deposition technology

The unique dispersion power of bile acid salts offers a tremendous potential for the development of new biomimetic strategies for colloidal processing of materials. This paper reports the feasibility of electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), diamond and carbon dots (CDs) using commercial sodium deoxycholate (DChNa) as a charged dispersant and coating-forming agent. The amphiphilic DChNa structure is beneficial for adsorption of this molecule on chemically inert hydrophobic surfaces and particle dispersion. The electrochemical film formation mechanism is based on the electrogenerated acid formation, protonation and charge neutralization of anionic DCh− species. SEM and FTIR are used for the analysis of film morphology and composition. Potentiodynamic and impedance spectroscopy studies show that PTFE films deposited by EPD provide protection of steel from corrosion. The use of DChNa allows the fabrication of composites by combined electrochemical strategies. Diamond-polypyrrole (PPy) films are prepared by an EPD-electropolymerization method. DChNa is a versatile co-dispersant for co-deposition of different materials by EPD or combined electrochemical methods.

Вдосконалення способів виконання захистів ліній зв’язку з підстанціями розосереджених джерел генерації

The article deals with the problems of using relay protection of power lines. Attention is paid to the peculiarities of the operation of protection under different modes of operation of these lines, namely: normal, post-accident and scheduled repair. The protection of two-sided power lines that connect individual local power plants to powerful electrical systems, including dispersed generation sources, local systems, and dispersed generation sources, must meet the general requirements of providing the required sensitivity, selectivity for various types of damage. Difficulties in providing the required sensitivity when using maximum current protections on such lines are associated with low levels of short-circuit currents from dispersed generation sources and local electrical systems. The features of the relay protection performance in redundant power supply of consumers using dispersed generation sources are given. The maximum operating current of the line consumed from the electrical system is 2 - 3 times the rated current, which is determined by the power of the generators of the dispersed sources of generation. In this case, the short-circuit currents from the low-power generators of the dispersed sources of generation are proportional to the maximum operating currents of the line. On double-sided power lines that connect local systems and dispersed power sources to a high-power electrical system, maximum current directional protection provides selectivity and are the main types of protection for such lines. Key words: power supply, relay protection, reclosers, sectionalizers, distributed sources of generation, short circuit, sectioning, selectivity

IMPROVING THE DYNAMICS OF AN INVERTER-BASED PV GENERATOR DURING LOAD DUMPS

In distribution power grids supplied by dispersed power sources, for example RES (Renewable Energy Sources), in the event of a load dump, unexpected transient states may appear. These states involve a dangerous increase in voltage or current. This situation may lead to the disconnection of these sources. To prevent this phenomenon, a non-linear anti-windup regulator with a conditional integrator has been proposed. This solution allows a significant improvement of the generator’s dynamic properties both at load dump and on return to full load.

Adsorbed layer thickness of polycarboxylate and polyphosphate superplasticizers on polystyrene nanoparticles measured via dynamic light scattering

HypothesisCommon superplasticizers (dispersants) for cementitious materials such as concrete include carboxylated comb polymers which strongly chelate Ca2+ ions. Thus, a substrate holding Ca2+ as docking site on its surface and of a narrow particle size distribution was expected to produce reliable values for the adsorbed layer thickness (ALT) of polycarboxylate comb polymers, as measured via dynamic light scattering. ALT presents a key parameter which controls the dispersion power of these polymers and provides the steric hindrance effect between cement particles. ExperimentsUsing octadecyl phosphate as emulsifier, phosphate modified polystyrene nanoparticles (dH(z)~86 nm) of narrow size distribution were successfully synthesized and characterized via scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential measurements. The particles allowed to measure concentration dependent adsorbed layer thicknesses of a series of structurally different, self-synthesized polycarboxylate superplasticizers. FindingsThe phosphate-modified polystyrene nanoparticles were found to present a suitable substrate for ALT measurements of adsorbed polycarboxylate comb polymers. DLS measurements revealed that with progressing adsorption, these polymers develop a concentration-dependent isothermal ALT. At saturation point, layer thicknesses of 3 to 8 nm were observed. The values correlate well with molecular properties of the polymers whereby increasing side-chain length, side-chain density and molecular weight provoke higher ALTs.