Dispersive Extraction Research Articles

Rapid and Efficient Isolation of Anti-Inflammatory Components From <i>Lindera aggregata</i> (Sims) Kosterm Leaves by Combining Matrix Solid Phase Dispersion Extraction With High-Speed Countercurrent Chromatography

Rapid and Efficient Isolation of Anti-Inflammatory Components From <i>Lindera aggregata</i> (Sims) Kosterm Leaves by Combining Matrix Solid Phase Dispersion Extraction With High-Speed Countercurrent Chromatography

Simultaneous Capture of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Compounds Using Water by Biosurfactant Assisted Mechanical Amorphous Dispersion Extraction

Simultaneous Capture of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Compounds Using Water by Biosurfactant Assisted Mechanical Amorphous Dispersion Extraction

Column-free matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction based on cucurbit[8]uril used for the determination of the flavonoid content in Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent.

A simple, rapid and environmental method named column-free matrix solid-phase dispersion (FMSPD) has been investigated for the extraction of three flavonoids (oroxin A, oroxin B and baicalein) from the seeds of Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent. In this study, cucurbit[8]uril was used as the sorbent of FMSPD to selectively extract three flavonoid compounds and transferred them into an aqueous solution for direct determination using HPLC-UV based on the recognition interaction of cucurbit[8]uril toward the compounds. The variables that influenced the extraction efficiency were investigated, which include the amount of cucurbit[8]uril, grinding time, volume of water, and pH of the solution. A good linearity was exhibited with correlation coefficients > 0.9991 for all three flavonoids. The intra- and inter-day precisions were 1.7–2.6% and 3.1–5.5%, respectively, and the limit of detection was between 0.1 and 0.18 μg mL–1. The recoveries ranged from 90.8% to 101.4%, with relative standard deviations of 2.9–6.8% under the optimized conditions. The developed method was applied to analyze four kinds of Semen Oroxyli from different regions of China. F- and t-tests showed that the results had no significant difference when comparing the traditional ultrasound-assisted extraction method to the novel FMSPD extraction method, but the method was simpler, faster and did not use organic solvents.

Hydrophilic-interaction-based magnetically assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction of carbadox and olaquindox in feeds.

Carbadox and olaquindox have been banned from feeds since 1998 by the EU because of their mutagenic, photoallergic, and carcinogenic effects. Unfortunately, owing to their outstanding effect, they are frequently abused or misused in animal husbandry. There is an urgent need to develop a sensitive and reliable method for monitoring these drugs in animal feeds. This work reported a new method of hydrophilic-interaction-based magnetically assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion (MMSPD) extraction coupled with reversed-phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for simultaneous determination of carbadox and olaquindox in animal feeds. 3-Trimethoxysilylpropyl methacrylate (γ-MAPS)-modified attapulgite (ATP) was crosslinked with γ-MAPS-modified iron(II,III) oxide (Fe3 O4 ), 1-vinyl-3-(butyl-4-sulfonate) imidazolium (VBSIm), acrylamide (AM), and N,N'-methylene-bis(acrylamide) (MBA) to synthesize ATP@Fe3 O4 @poly(VBSIm-AM-MBA) particles. The resultant particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometer, transmission electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Crosslinking of ATP into the magnetic particles has significantly increased the adsorption capacity of the particles. Under optimum conditions, the limits of detection (S/N=3) were 0.3μg kg-1 and 0.9μg kg-1 for carbadox and olaquindox respectively. The intra-day and inter-day recoveries of the spiked targets in feed samples were in the range 83.5-98.3% with relative standard deviations of 1.0-8.3%. With a simplified procedure and a low amount of sample, the proposed hydrophilic-interaction-based MMSPD method is not only useful for the determination of carbadox and olaquindox in feeds but also holds great promise for the analysis of other polar targets in solid or semisolid matrices. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

A sustainable vortex-assisted matrix solid phase dispersion for the simultaneous extraction of five active components from Saposhnikoviae Radix

Saposhnikoviae Radix (SR), one of top-grade herbs, is widely used to treat cold, headache, fevers, cough, rheumatism and cardiovascular diseases in prescriptions. A vortex-assisted matrix solid phase dispersion (VA-MSPD) extraction method applying a reusable dispersant was developed to extract four chromones and one coumarin from Saposhnikoviae Radix ( SR ) , which followed by high performance liquid chromatography analysis (HPLC). The novel dispersant, acetonitrile modified carbon-coated magnetite nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 @C@ ACN MNP), could be reused for 10 times and it still possesses excellent extraction performance. Various optimal experimental condition of VA-MSPD was considered and obtained reliable matrix linearity (r 2 > 0.999) and good recovery (94.8%–105%). In order to recovery the dispersant from sample-dispersant powder after elution, methanol/water (50:50, v/v) was applied as washing solution to separate the dispersant and samples, so that the percent recovery of modified materials was obtained as 88.6% (RSD = 0.74%). The results indicated that Fe 3 O 4 @C@ACN MNP could be considered as sustainable dispersant and it exhibited tremendous potential for efficacious extraction of chromones and coumarins. • Fe 3 O 4 @C@ACN MNP was firstly prepared, of which amide groups (NH 2 CO) was modified on the surface of Fe 3 O 4 @C MNP. • VA-MSPD was established applying Fe 3 O 4 @C@ACN MNP as dispersant. • The established method was to extract components from Saposhnikoviae Radix . • A novel washing method was first developed to recover the magnetic dispersant. • The recovered magnetic dispersant could be reused 10 times.

Binary Eluent Based Vortex-Assisted Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion for the Extraction and Determination of Multicomponent from Musk by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.

A green, flexible, and effective strategy was proposed to quantify four target compounds (muscone, ethyl palmitate, ethyl oleate, and ethylparaben) from musk by binary eluent based vortex-assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) extraction coupled with GC/MS. Single-factor tests and orthogonal design were employed to optimize the MSPD parameters. In addition, the binary eluent system, methanol, and ethyl acetate 3 : 7 (v/v) were used to extract the target analytes. Finally, C18 was applied as the easily available dispersant and the sample powder was ground for 2 min. Thereafter, the mixture was rapidly extracted with the binary eluents under whirling for 3 min. Eventually, the analysis of the samples was completed within 12 min by GC/MS. All correlation coefficients (r) of four targets were more than 0.9991. The recoveries of all target compounds ranged from 92.8% to 101% while their RSDs were less than 6.94%. There was no significant matrix interference for the analysis. Thus, the combination of vortex-assisted MSPD with GC/MS was considered as a novel, rapid, and environmentally friendly quantitative approach for musk samples.

Method performance verification for the combined detection and quantitation of the marine neurotoxins cyclic imines and brevetoxin shellfish metabolites in mussels (Mytilus edulis) and oysters (Crassostrea gigas) by UHPLC-MS/MS

A single laboratory method performance verification is reported for a rapid sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS method for the quantification of eight cyclic imine and two brevetoxin analogues in two bivalve shellfish matrices: mussel (Mytilus edulis) and Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas). Targeted cyclic imine analogues were from the spirolide, gymnodimine and pinnatoxin groups, namely 20-Me-SPX-C, 13-desMe-SPX-C, 13,19-didesMe-SPX-C, GYM-A, 12-Me-GYM, PnTx-E, PnTx-F and PnTx-G. Brevetoxin analogues consisted of the shellfish metabolites BTX-B5 and S-desoxy-BTX-B2. A rapid dispersive extraction was used as well as a fast six-minute UHPLC-MS/MS analysis. Mobile phase prepared using ammonium fluoride and methanol was optimised for both chromatographic separation and MS/MS response to suit all analytes. Method performance verification checks for both matrices were carried out. Matrix influence was acceptable for the majority of analogues with the MS response for all analogues being linear across an appropriate range of concentrations. In terms of limits of detection and quantitation the method was shown to be highly sensitive when compared with other methods. Acceptable recoveries were found with most analogues, with laboratory precision in terms of intra- and inter-batch precision deemed appropriate. The method was applied to environmental shellfish samples with results showing low concentrations of cyclic imines to be present. The method is fast and highly sensitive for the detection and quantification of all targeted analogues, in both mussel and oyster matrices. Consequently, the method has been shown to provide a useful tool for simultaneous monitoring for the presence or future emergence of these two toxin groups in shellfish.

A Novel Pretreatment Device Integrating Magnetic-Assisted Dispersive Extraction and Ultrasonic Spray Separation for Speciation Analysis of Arsenic in Whole Blood by Ion Chromatography-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry.

Speciation analysis of arsenic in blood is essential for identifying and quantifying the exposure of arsenic and studying the metabolism and toxicity of arsenic. Herein, a novel pretreatment device is rationally designed and used for speciation analysis of arsenic in whole blood by ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (IC-ICP-MS). The sample centrifuge tubes containing blood, reagents, and a magnetic stir bar are placed on the fidget spinner of the pretreatment device. When flicking the fidget spinner rotation with the finger, the magnetic stir bar in the tube rotates in three dimensions under the magnetic field, thereby assisting dispersive extraction of arsenic species by the mixing of blood with reagents. Afterward, the arsenic extract is separated in situ from the blood matrix using an ultrasonic spray sheet covered with a filter and ultrafiltration membrane, which is directly used for subsequent IC-ICP-MS analysis. For 100 μL of blood, the whole pretreatment operation can be completed within 10 min. With As(III), As(V), MMA, and DMA in blood as analytes, the use of the present pretreatment device will hardly lead to the loss and transformation of arsenic species, and the extraction efficiency of the total arsenic is more than 96%. When the pretreatment device is coupled to IC-ICP-MS, the detection limits of four arsenic species in whole blood are 0.017-0.023 μg L-1, and precisions are within 2.3-4.2%. This pretreatment device provides a simple, fast, efficient, and low-cost tool for extraction and separation of arsenic species in whole blood, opening a new idea for the pretreatment of complex samples.

Evaluation and determination of occupational and environmental exposure of lead in workplace air and human workers based dispersive ionic liquid solid phase micro extraction in battery manufacturing factories from Iran

The exposure of lead in workplace air and human workers of battery manufacturing factory was evaluated determined by nanotechnology since 2019-2020. Human whole blood (HWB) for subject and healthy peoples (25-55, Men, 40 N) and workplace air (40N) was prepared based on NIOSH sampling. 10 mL of HWB samples added to 20 mg of mixture ionic liquid/ ligand ([HMIM][PF6]/APDC) modified on graphene oxide nanostructures(GONs) at pH=6. After sonication, the lead ions separated/extracted by dispersive ionic liquid solid phase micro extraction (DIL-SPME) and determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (F-AAS). All air samples in workplace were analyzed based on NIOSH process. The results showed us the negative correlation between Pb concentration in human blood subject and healthy peoples (r=0.24). The range concentrations of lead in human subject, healthy peoples and workplace air were obtained 193.4-543.7 µg L-1, 85.6-175.9 µgL-1 and 44.7-81.5 µgm-3, respectively. The LOD, linear rang, enrichment factor(EF) and RSD% were achieved 1.25 µg L-1, 5.0- 310 µg L-1, 19.6 and less than 5% by procedure. The method was validated by standard reference material (SRM), the electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET-AAS) and ICP-MS analyzer for human samples.

Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion Coupled with HPLC-UV for Simultaneous Extraction, Purification and Determination of Six Lignans in Schisandra chinensis Fruits.

An efficient method for simultaneous extraction, purification and determination of six lignans in Schisandra chinensis Baill was developed by employing matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) extraction followed by HPLC-UV determination analysis. Several sorbent and desorption solvent that affected the extraction yield of lignans were investigated; neutral alumina and absolute ethanol were selected as the best dispersing material and desorption agent, respectively. Other extraction conditions for MSPD were optimized as follows: 1:2 of S. chinensis raw material to neutral aluminum oxide mass ratio, 1:30 (g/mL) of sample to absolute ethanol, 2.5h of desorption time and 50°C of desorption temperature. Under the above conditions, the total extraction yield for six lignans have reached (16.99±0.33) x 103 mg/kg with a higher content of 6.88±0.25% in the extracts. Comparative studies were explored by conducting other six extraction approaches including Soxhlet extraction, heat reflux extraction, smashing tissue extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction and ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction. Results showed MSPD technique not only improved the extraction yield, but also improved the purity of lignans, it can be generalized to more extraction of natural compounds. In addition, the validated HPLC-UV method had been successfully applied to analysis of lignans from 10 real S. chinensis samples.

Determination of Available Lead in Greenhouse Soil by Solid Phase Dispersion Extraction Coupled with Atomic Absorption Spectrometry based on Primary Secondary Amine

In order to effectively evaluate the pollution status of available lead (Pb) in farmland environment, a method for the determination of available Pb in greenhouse soil by atomic absorption spectrometry with primary secondary amine (PSA) as solid phase dispersion adsorption material was established. In combination with neutral salt (such as 0.01 mol/L CaCl2) extraction technology, neutral lead-containing aqueous solution was obtained. Based on the rapid adsorption of Pb in neutral environment and the rapid desorption of Pb under acidic conditions, the pretreatment method of sample enrichment and purification based on PSA was established by optimizing the parameters. The samples after enrichment and purification were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Results showed that the linearity of the method was good in the range of 0.010 ∼ 0.050 mg/kg (R2 = 0.9990). The limit of detection was 0.0051 mg/kg and the limit of quantity was 0.017 mg/kg. The recoveries were 97.6% to 99.2% and the relative standard deviation was 0.79% ∼ 1.56% at the concentrations of 0.010, 0.030 and 0.050 mg/kg.

A combined approach based on matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction assisted by titanium dioxide nanoparticles and liquid chromatography to determine polyphenols from grape residues

A simple and efficient low-cost matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) extraction assisted by TiO2 nanoparticles and diatomaceous earth has been developed for the extraction of phenolic compounds from grape and grape pomace wastes. Experimental conditions for MSPD extraction were optimized by a factorial design and a surface response methodology. The simultaneous identification and quantification of eight main natural polyphenols (caffeic, p-coumaric, dihydroxybenzoic and gallic acid, rutin, resveratrol, quercetin and catechin) was possible by combining MSPD and capillary liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detection and a mass simple quadrupole analyzer (cLC-DAD-MS). Good linearity and acceptable LOD (0.05–62 µg·g−1) and LOQ (0.2–207 µg·g−1) were obtained. The quantities of extracted polyphenols were within 2.4 and 333 µg·g−1, with catechin and rutin the most abundant compounds in grape pomace and grape wastes, respectively. Furthermore, considering the prospective uses of the winery bioresidues, the extracts have been characterised in terms of bioactive properties (several antioxidant activities and bacterial inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomona aeruginosa) and parameters such as total polyphenol and total flavonoid content. The high antioxidant activity (IC50 5.0 ± 0.4 µg ·g−1 against DPPH radical) and antibacterial activity (2.2 ± 0.3 mg·mL−1) suggests that the methodology developed is efficient, rapid and promising for the extraction of phenolic compounds with potential application as bioactive ingredients in food and cosmetic industries.

Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Coatings Containing Flame Retardant Additives from Suspensions in Water-2-Propanol.

A dip-coating technique is designed for deposition of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) from water/2-propanol mixture, avoiding the use of traditional toxic solvents. Solutions of PMMA macromolecules with high molecular weight (MW) are obtained for a water/2-propanol ratio of 0.15–0.33 and the solubilization mechanism is discussed. The ability to use concentrated PMMA solutions and high MW of the polymer are the key factors for the successful dip coating deposition. The coating mass for 10 g L−1 polymer solutions shows a maximum at a water/2-propanol ratio of 0.25. The deposition yield increases with the polymer concentration increase and with an increasing number of the deposited layers. PMMA deposits protect stainless steel from aqueous corrosion. The coating technique allows for the fabrication of composite coatings, containing flame-retardant materials (FRMs), such as commercial halloysite, huntite, hydrotalcite, and synthesized Al(OH)3, in the PMMA matrix. The FRM content in the coatings is modified by variation of the FRM content in colloidal suspensions. A fundamentally new method is developed, which is based on the salting out aided dispersive extraction of Al(OH)3 from the aqueous synthesis medium to 2-propanol. It is based on the use of hexadecylphosphonic acid molecules as extractors. The method offers advantages of reduced agglomeration.

Establishment of Deep-Eutectic-Solvent-Assisted Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion Extraction for the Determination of Four Flavonoids in Scutellariae Radix Based on the Concept of Quality by Design.

Sample preparation is the most crucial step in analytical schemes. Micro-matrix solid-phase dispersion, as a method for microextraction of analytes, has prevailed recently for its low sample and extraction solvent consumption. However, small amounts of adsorbent or sample, or a short extraction time, always bring uncertainty to the result when using this method. The aim was to develop a simple and reliable method of deep-eutectic-solvent-assisted ultrasonic-synchronized matrix solid-phase dispersion microextraction for the analysis of four flavonoids in Scutellariae Radix based on the concept of quality by design. The ZSM-5 molecular sieve was used as a new adsorbent in the micro-matrix solid-phase dispersion process. Single-factor and Box-Behnken designs were used to construct the design space. Verification of the experiment demonstrated that the design space is robust. Under optimal conditions, all analytes showed good linearity (R2 > 0.999), high reproducibility (RSD < 2.24%) and stability (RSD < 2.87%), and satisfactory recoveries (95.90-102.31%), which indicated that the established method is reliable and reproducible. Moreover, it has been successfully applied to determine the flavonoids in nine batches of Scutellariae Radix. The results indicate a great potential for analyzing complicated samples especially with small amount and helping to promote the quality control of the sample preparation process for traditional Chinese medicines. A systematic approach using a facile deep-eutectic-solvent-assisted ultrasonic-synchronized matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction coupled with HPLC for the analysis of flavonoids in Scutellariae Radix has been developed based on the concept of quality by design.

Determination of methamphetamine and methylphenidate in urine by liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry coupled with solid-phase dispersive extraction, and its pharmacokinetic application

A simple and rapid analytical method for the determination of methamphetamine (MA) and methylphenidate (MPD) in urine was developed, which involves liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/TOF-MS) and solid-phase dispersive extraction (SPDE). The developed method could be used in pharmacokinetic studies. Oasis® WCX gel was used in SPDE. LC separation was carried out on a Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column (100 mm × 4.6 mm I.D., 2.7 µm) using a mixture (30:70) of methanol/10 mM ammonium formate aqueous solution (pH 3.0). The calibration curves showed good linearity in the range of 2 to 100 ng/mL for MA and 0.5 to 200 ng/mL for MPD. The limits of detection were 0.5 ng/mL and 0.1 ng/mL, and the limits of quantification were 2 ng/mL and 0.5 ng/mL for MA and MPD, respectively. The average recoveries of MA and MPD from urine samples spiked with MA at 5 and 50 ng/mL and MPD at 1 and 100 ng/mL were 93.9–94.8% (RSD: 1.6–2.1%) and 91.5–106.5% (RSD: 1.3–3.0%), respectively. Periodic analyses of urine samples collected from a volunteer receiving clinical doses of MPD revealed the presence of ritalinic acid (RA), an inactive major metabolite of MPD. Furthermore, when the RA/MPD ratios corrected by the urinary creatinine level were plotted against time, the regression curve showed linearity after 4 h. Pharmacokinetic study revealed that the extrapolated line of the regression line reached the origin in the graph, suggesting that the regression line could be used to calculate the dosage and timing of administration.

Salting-out aided dispersive extraction of Mn3O4 nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes for application in supercapacitors

In this study, results from a conceptually new method for the preparation of Mn3O4-multiwalled carbon nanotube (MCNT) composites are presented. High active mass (HAM) Mn3O4-MCNT cathodes are prepared and tested for supercapacitors. The method is based on a salting-out aided dispersive extraction of Mn3O4 particles precipitated in an aqueous phase to isopropanol and their co-dispersion with MCNT. The use of lauryl gallate as an extractor is a key factor for the phase transfer. Lauryl gallate is used as a co-dispersant for Mn3O4 and MCNT. The mechanisms of lauryl gallate adsorption on Mn3O4 and MCNT and the salting-out aided extraction mechanism are discussed. Enhanced electrochemical performance of the electrodes with HAM of 41 mg cm−2 is achieved due to enhanced mixing and co-dispersion of Mn3O4 and MCNT. The electrodes show a high capacitance of 6 F cm−2 in aqueous Na2SO4 and low electrical resistance. The obtained areal capacitance is substantially higher than that for Mn3O4-MCNT composites, prepared by other methods. The capacitance increase during initial cycling is linked to the microstructure changes. The salting-out aided extraction method overcomes the limitations of other extraction techniques and opens a new strategy for the manufacturing of nanocomposites with advanced functional properties.

Simultaneous Quantitative Screening for Pain Medications in Serum by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry with Solid-Phase Dispersive Extraction

Simultaneous Quantitative Screening for Pain Medications in Serum by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry with Solid-Phase Dispersive Extraction

A dual preconcentration method by combining micro matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction with field-enhanced sample injection and micelle to cyclodextrin stacking for sensitive analysis of neutral coumarins.

A rapid, sensitive, environmental friendly dual preconcentration method by combining micro matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction with field-enhanced sample injection and micelle to cyclodextrin stacking has been developed for the determination of furocoumarins. Molecular sieve, KIT-6, was used as an adsorbent in micro matrix solid-phase dispersion process. The important parameters affecting off-line and online CE preconcentration efficiency were optimized. Under the optimal experimental conditions, all analytes showed good linearity (R2 >0.999). The LODs of notopterol, isoimperatorin, and imperatorin were 0.1μg/mL, 1.2mg/kg, and 1.0mg/kg, respectively. Compared with the normal CE method, the enrichment times were up to 300. Moreover, Angelicae Dahuricae Radix was used as the mode of complex solid sample matrix to demonstrate the prospect of application of this methodology. The results showed the proposed strategy is promising for determining trace furocoumarins in complex matrix samples, which might be applied as a powerful and economic tool in monitoring illegal cosmetic adding.

Recent advances in applications of fragment/dummy molecularly imprinted polymers

分子印迹聚合物(MIPs)是通过模拟酶与底物或抗原抗体特异性结合原理而制备的高分子聚合物,以其结构预定性、识别特异性、制备简便、成本低、耐受性强等优点而被广泛用于样品前处理、传感分析、生物医药、环境/食品分析等多个领域。目前已发展多种策略用于MIPs制备,达到简化制备过程或提高聚合物性能等目的,极大拓宽了MIPs的应用范围。对各种先进印迹策略及其组合使用的探索已成为MIPs制备的研究热点之一。其中,片段印迹策略和虚拟模板印迹策略备受青睐。片段印迹策略是选择目标分子中含有特定官能团的一部分(片段结构)作为模板进行印迹,通过对片段的识别达到对整个分子的识别,能够克服某些目标物不易获得或体积较大不适合作为模板的问题,为印迹易失活、易传染的目标物及整体印迹困难的大分子提供可行的方法。虚拟模板印迹策略是选用与目标物特异性结构相似或相同的其他物质代替目标物作为模板制备MIPs,可在很大程度上解决模板不易获得或较昂贵等问题,以及避免模板可能泄漏对结果造成的影响,尤其适用于目标物造价高、具有感染性、易燃易爆、易降解等不适合作为模板分子的情况。该文选取了最近4年发表在ACS、Elsevier、RSC等数据库约20篇相关文献,综述了片段/虚拟MIPs(FMIPs/DMIPs)的应用新进展。首先,针对蛋白质和微生物检测以及哺乳动物细胞印迹,介绍了FMIPs在生物医药领域的应用,另外介绍了FMIPs在食品分析领域的研究进展。随后,介绍了DMIPs在样品前处理和传感分析领域的应用。在样品前处理中,DMIPs主要作为固相萃取吸附剂进行装柱固相萃取、分散固相萃取、磁固相萃取、基质固相分散萃取等,或作为分子印迹膜材料,用于选择性萃取和富集分离样品中的目标分析物。在传感分析领域,DMIPs主要作为传感器的传感和转导元件,提高化学发光或荧光检测等方法的灵敏度和准确度。最后,对片段印迹和虚拟模板印迹策略的优缺点、区别与联系进行了总结,并展望了这两种策略的发展与应用前景。

Occurrence of common plastic additives and contaminants in mussel samples: Validation of analytical method based on matrix solid-phase dispersion

A new matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) extraction methodology, combined with high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with a diode-array detector, was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of 10 compounds in mussels from Galician Rias (Spain). These pollutants are compounds commonly used for plastic production as additives, as well as common plastic contaminants. The compounds selected were bisphenol-A, bisphenol-F, bisphenol-S, nonylphenol-9, nonylphenol, diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane, and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene. The parameters affecting the MSPD extraction efficiency such as the type of sorbent, mass sample-sorbent ratio, and extraction solvent were optimised. The proposed method provided satisfactory quantitative recoveries (80–100%), with relative standard deviations lower than 7%. In all cases, the matrix-matched calibration curves were linear in the concentration range of 0.32–120.00 µg/kg, with quantification limits of 0.25–16.20 µg/kg. The novel developed MSPD-high-performance liquid chromatography methodology provided good sensitivity, accuracy, and repeatability for quality control analysis in mussels.