Ionic Liquid Dispersive Research Articles

The Preparation of Crumpled Graphene Oxide Balls and Research in Tribological Properties.

In this study, crumpled graphene oxide balls (CGBs) were prepared via capillary compression using a rapidly evaporating aerosol droplet method. The CGBs were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and Raman spectroscopy. The size distributions of crumpled particles were obtained using a laser nanometer particle size analyzer (DLS). The dispersibility of the water and the ionic liquid (IL) was tested by ultrasonic dispersion. The tribological properties of water or ionic liquids containing crumpled graphene oxide ball additives (W/IL-CGB) were tested by a reciprocating friction tester and compared with water/ionic liquids with graphene oxide. The morphology of the wear scar was observed by a three-dimensional optical microscope and its lubrication mechanism was analyzed. The results show that the CGBs were successfully prepared by rapid evaporation of aerosol droplets, and the obtained CGBs were crumpled paper spheres. The CGBs had good water dispersion and ionic liquid dispersion, and IL-CGB has excellent anti-friction and anti-wear effects on steel-steel friction pairs. During the friction process, the CGB was adsorbed at the interface of the steel-steel friction pair to form a protective layer, which avoids the direct contact of the friction pair, thereby reducing friction and wear.

Multi-phase shear thickening fluid based on ionic liquid dispersion medium for impact resistance and wear protection

Shear thickening fluids (STFs) have attracted increasing attention as smart materials with unique rheological properties. However, the preparation of STFs usually relies on a composite system of spherical nanoparticles with polyethylene glycol. In this work, novel multi-phase STFs (ILSTFs) were prepared in an ionic liquid by incorporating nanosized SiO2 and rod-shaped calcium metasilicate (CaSiO3) particles as a dispersed phase. Compared to traditional STFs, ILSTFs demonstrate excellent thermal stability. Rheological tests indicate that ILSTFs exhibit continuous shear thickening behavior, resulting in excellent energy absorption and impact wear resistance. In addition, ILSTFs can serve as a new type of lubricant. The tribological properties and impact resistance of ILSTFs were highly correlated with the shear thickening effect, with the multi-phase ILSTF system with CaSiO3 demonstrating superior impact wear resistance compared to the single-phase system. In this study, finite element analysis (FEA) is further utilized to investigate the local damage evolution and energy absorption rate of STF under impact loading, providing insights into the underlying mechanism. This ionic liquid-based STF holds promise for applications as a flexible filling component in the fields of lubrication technology and impact protection structures.

Ionic liquid composites with garnet-type Li6.75Al0.25La3Zr2O12: Stability, electrical transport, and potential for energy storage applications

Garnet composites with ionic liquid dispersion have been prepared for electrolytic applications. Various ionic liquids (ILs) in small amounts were added to garnet type Li6.75Al0.25La3Zr2O12 (LALZO) to improve its ionic conductivity and electrode-electrolyte interfacial compatibility. The optimal composition having ∼6 wt% EMIM BF4 in LALZO showed a high ionic conductivity of 6 × 10-4 Ω-1cm-1 at room temperature, which is almost two orders of magnitude higher than the pristine garnet pellet. Such a high conductivity is attributed to the alteration of the ionic liquid-garnet interface by a weak non-uniform chemisorption. The thermal stability of the composites was confirmed by high-temperature X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic electrical transport measurements, which suggested their stability at least up to 200 °C. The electrochemical performance of the composite was evaluated by assembling 2032-type LFP//LALZO-IL//Li cell, which displayed promising candidature for energy storage applications.

Zwitterionic metal–organic framework with highly dispersed ionic liquid for enhancing CO2 capture

Ionic liquids (ILs) have been often incorporated into metal–organic framework (MOF) to improve the performance of gas adsorption and separation. However, ILs are prone to agglomerate in the pores of MOFs, which causes insufficient exposure of their active sites, thus significantly reducing the separation efficiency. Herein, we report a zwitterionic MOF UiO-66-SO3−-NH3+ with both positive and negative charges for enhanced ILs dispersion and CO2 capture. When the ILs were introduced into UiO-66-SO3−-NH3+, they can be highly dispersed in the pores of MOF through the electronic interaction between positive and negative charges of MOF and anion and cation of ILs, and the active sites of IL can be adequately exposed. Notably, this is the first report of IL@zwitterionic MOF composites for CO2 capture. Compared with the single group modified counterparts, namely IL@UiO-66-NH2 and IL@UiO-66-SO3H, IL@UiO-66-SO3−-NH3+ exhibits higher CO2 affinity, which increases its CO2 adsorption capacity by 36–45%. Moreover, the CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 adsorption selectivities of UiO-66-SO3−-NH3+ are 3.6–5.0 times and 2.1–2.5 times higher than that of single-group modified counterparts, respectively. This work not only provides a method to realize the high dispersion of ILs in MOF via constructing the zwitterionic MOF, but also reports an excellent adsorbent for CO2 capture.

Ionic liquid engineering enabled in‐plane orientated 1D perovskite nanorods for efficient mixed‐dimensional perovskite photovoltaics

AbstractMixed‐dimensional engineering of perovskite material has been demonstrated as a facile and promising strategy to improve both photovoltaic performance and long‐term stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this study, we report an in‐plane preferred orientation of 1D perovskite induced by an ionic liquid (IL) of 1‐(3‐cyanopropyl)‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride (CPMIMCl) for the first time via sequential deposition approach, leading to a mixed dimensional perovskite thin films. The generated one‐dimensional (1D) CPMIMPbI3 with in‐plane orientation resides at the grain boundaries of three‐dimensional (3D) perovskite can be appreciably observed from the morphology level, leading to creation of high‐quality films with large grain size with more efficient defect passivation. Moreover, the dispersion of IL in the bulk phase of perovskite material allows for the formation of 1D perovskite for multiple level passivation to inhibit non‐radiative recombination and optimize carrier transport. This IL engineering strategy not only yields a mixed‐dimensional perovskite heterostructure with in‐plane orientation 1D perovskite nano‐rods but also significantly improves the opto‐electronic property with suppressed trap states. As a result, the CPMIMCl‐treated PSCs show an enhanced photovoltaic performance with a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 24.13%. More importantly, benefiting from the hydrophobicity of formed 1D perovskite and defects suppression, the corresponding PSC demonstrates an excellent long‐term stability and maintain 97.1% of its pristine PCE at 25°C under 50% RH condition over 1000 h. This research provides an innovative perspective for employing the low dimensional engineering to optimize the performance and stability of photovoltaic devices.image

Kinetic analysis of an ionic liquid-based metal extraction process using a single droplet extraction column

In this study a liquid-liquid extraction (LLX) process has been investigated based on experimental analysis and kinetic modelling. The purpose of this investigation is (1) to understand the mass transfer behaviour, (2) to determine the rate limiting step via evaluating different mass transfer models, and (3) to estimate the mass transfer and kinetic parameters. This has been discussed in the context of the extraction of Co by the ionic liquid (IL) [P8888][Oleate] as an example of LLX with chemical reaction. Mass transfer models, with and without a chemical reaction, are evaluated based on a statistical cross-validation method. The following operational parameters are included in the analysis: column lengths, droplet diameter, droplet rising velocity and continuous and dispersed phase concentrations on Co uptake. This method reveals that a single parameter representing the external mass transfer resistance can describe the forward extraction of Co (i.e., into the IL) for the whole data set sufficiently accurate (error ±30%) regardless of the studied operational conditions. Back-extraction of Co from pre-loaded IL droplets shows a different transfer mechanism. Now the mass transfer in the dispersed IL phase dominates the process which is attributed to a change of the physical properties of the pre-loaded IL.

Achieving Free-Standing PEDOT:PSS Solar Generators with Efficient All-in-One Photothermoelectric Conversion.

Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) has attracted widespread attention in solar generation due to its unique all-in-one photothermoelectric effect. However, the poor photothermal conversion, low conductivity, and unsatisfied mechanical properties limit its practical application. Herein, ionic liquids (IL) were first used to improve the conductivity of PEDOT:PSS through ion exchange, then surface-charged nanoparticles SiO2-NH2 (SiO2+) were added to promote the dispersion of IL and as a thermal insulator to decrease thermal conductivity. It resulted in a largely enhanced electrical conductivity and decreased thermal conductivity of PEDOT:PSS simultaneously. The obtained PEDOT:PSS/Ionic Liquid/SiO2+ (P_IL_SiO2+) film generated an excellent photothermal conversion of 46.15 °C, which improved ∼134 and ∼82.3% compared with PEDOT:PSS and PEDOT:PSS/Ionic Liquid (P_IL) composites, respectively. In addition, the thermoelectric performance increased by ∼270% more than P_IL films. As a result, the photothermoelectric effect for the self-supported three-arm devices produced an enormous output current and power of ∼50 μA and 13.57 nW, respectively, which showed significant improvement compared with other PEDOT:PSS films reported in the literature. Furthermore, the devices demonstrated outstanding stability with an internal resistance variation of less than 5% after 2000 cycles of bending. Our research offered significant insights into the flexible, high-performance, all-in-one photothermoelectric integration.

Highly efficient triiodide ion adsorption from water by ionic liquid hybrid metal–organic frameworks

The development and utilization of nuclear energy is one of the effective ways to reduce carbon emissions and achieve the goal of global carbon neutrality. However, it is inevitable to release radioactive pollutants, such as I3−, into the environment during the utilization of nuclear energy, and the efficient adsorption and storage of iodide ion remains a challenge. In this work, a series of ionic liquid (IL) hybrid metal–organic framework (MOF) materials have been developed by simple impregnation of hydrophobic ILs into nanopores of stable MOFs for high-efficient I3− absorption from water for the first time. It is found that the hybrid materal [C2mim][Tf2N]@UiO-67–30 % exhibits a record high I3− absorption capacity at room temperature (4.30 g·g−1), and the I3− absorption capacity of [C2mim][Tf2N] in UiO-67–5 % is 10 times that of the neat [C2mim][Tf2N]. The adsorption process can be well described by Freundlich model and pseudo-second-order model. Such superior I3− absorption capacity is mainly attributed to the multiple sites interaction between anion of the highly dispersed IL and I3−, although cation of the IL and benzene ring of MOF framework also have contribution for the adsorption.

CO2 Adsorption Performance on Surface-Functionalized Activated Carbon Impregnated with Pyrrolidinium-Based Ionic Liquid

The serious environmental issues associated with CO2 emissions have triggered the search for energy efficient processes and CO2 capture technologies to control the amount of gas released into the atmosphere. One of the suitable techniques is CO2 adsorption using functionalized sorbents. In this study, a functionalized activated carbon (AC) material was developed via the wet impregnation technique. The AC was synthesized from a rubber seed shell (RSS) precursor using chemical activation and was later impregnated with different ratios of [bmpy][Tf2N] ionic liquid (IL). The AC was successfully functionalized with IL as confirmed by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy analyses. Incorporation of IL resulted in a reduction in the surface area and total pore volume of the parent adsorbent. Bare AC showed the largest SBET value of 683 m2/g, while AC functionalized with the maximum amount of IL showed 14 m2/g. A comparative analysis of CO2 adsorption data revealed that CO2 adsorption performance of AC is majorly affected by surface area and a pore-clogging effect. Temperature has a positive impact on the CO2 adsorption capacity of functionalized AC due to better dispersion of IL at higher temperatures. The CO2 adsorption capacity of AC (30) increased from 1.124 mmol/g at 25 °C to 1.714 mmol/g at 40 °C.

High Sensitive Humidity Sensors Based on Biomass Ionogels

This work proposes humidity sensors based on ionic liquid loaded in situ crosslinked ionogels. Stable ionogels were constructed by the synergistic effect of k-carrageenan and gelatin to ensure the uniformly dispersion of ionic liquid, which is conducive to the stability of humidity sensors. The humidity sensitive electrolyte with different contents were introduced into the ionogels. By controlling the ratio of ionic liquid in the crosslinked ionogels, the optimal sensor exhibits a high sensitivity in the low humidity range (5% - 35% RH). The resultant sensors exhibit excellent repeatability, and possess good stability in long-term tests up to 60 days. The introduction of ionic liquid to the sensing film is beneficial for enhancing the water adsorption capacity and ionic conductivity, which is of great significance for high-performance humidity sensors.

Ionic liquid dispersed highly conducting polymer electrolyte for supercapacitor application: Current scenario and prospects “ICSEM 2021”

Ionic liquid (IL) is now being considered as a novel contender in the development of highly conducting polymer electrolytes rather than a solvent. It has a significant impact on the electrochemical performance of polymer electrolytes. This study emphasizes the significance of low viscosity IL dispersion within a polymer (PVA) matrix. The electrical, structural and photoelectrochemical properties of the IL-doped polymer electrolyte are discussed in detail. These highly conducting IL doped solid polymer electrolytes show promise towards the development of highly efficient supercapacitors.

Realizing Ultrahigh Transconductance in Organic Electrochemical Transistor by Co-Doping PEDOT:PSS with Ionic Liquid and Dodecylbenzenesulfonate.

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), especially the ones with high transconductance, are highly promising in sensitive detection of chemical and biological species. However, it is still a great challenge to design and fabricate OECTs with very high transconductance. Herein, an OECT with ultrahigh transconductance is reported by introducing ionic liquid and dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBSA) simultaneously in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) as the semiconductive channel. Compared with the OECT based on pristine PEDOT:PSS, the OECT based on co-doped PEDOT:PSS demonstrates a significant enhancement of transconductance from 1.85 to 22.7 mS, because of the increase in volumetric capacitance and conductivity. The enhanced transconductance is attributed to the DBSA-facilitated phase separation between the ionic liquid and PEDOT:PSS, which helps to form conductive domains of ionic liquid in PEDOT:PSS matrix, and the partial dispersion of ionic liquid in the PEDOT:PSS phase. Furthermore, by using the interdigitated electrodes as the source and drain electrodes, an ultrahigh transconductance of 180 mS is obtained, which is superior to that of the state-of-the-art OECTs. Because of the ultrahigh transconductance, the obtained OECT demonstrates sensitive detection of hydrogen peroxide and glucose, making it promising in clinical diagnosis, health monitoring, and environmental surveillance.

PIM-based mixed-matrix membranes containing MOF-801/ionic liquid nanocomposites for enhanced CO2 separation performance

In this work, we fabricated PIM-based mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) containing MOF-801/ionic liquid nanocomposites to enhance CO2 separation performance of pure polymer membranes. All membranes and MOF-801/ionic liquid nanocomposites were prepared by solution casting method and wet impregnation, respectively. The samples were analyzed by SEM, XRD, FTIR, TGA and Nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements. The nanocomposites are composed of metal-organic framework (MOF) MOF-801 and ionic liquid (IL) adsorption capacity. MOF-801 can well control the dispersion of IL in the polymer matrix, which is conducive to exposing more active sites in the nanocomposites to improve the CO2 adsorption selectivity of MOF-801/ionic liquid nanocomposites. At the same time, the porous structure of nanocomposites also enhances the gas adsorption and diffusion, thereby improving the gas separation performance. Compared with pure PIM-1 membranes, the CO2 permeability and CO2/N2 selectivity of IL@MOF/PIM-5% MMMs was increased by 129% and 45% (CO2 = 9420 Barrer, CO2/N2 = 29）, respectively. Compared with MOF-801/PIM-1 MMMs, the permeability of CO2 decreased slightly but the selectivity of CO2/N2 increased from 27 to 29. The aging test showed that the CO2 permeability of MMMs could remain above 70% after 90 days. The anti-plasticization performance of MMMs has also been significantly improved. The CO2 separation performance of IL@MOF/PIM-5% MMMs significantly exceeded the 2008 Robeson upper bound, showing excellent gas separation performance and working stability.

Ionic liquid functionlized on multiwall carbon nanotubes for nickel and lead determination in human serum and urine samples by micro solid-phase extraction

In this study, a novel synthesis adsorbent, 1-(3-aminopropyl)-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate functionlized on multiwall carbon nanotubes ([Apmim][PF6]-MWCNTs, IL@MWCNTS) was used for nickel/lead (Ni/Pb) extraction and determination by dispersive ionic liquid micro solid-phase extraction (DIL-μ-SPE) coupled to electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET-AAS). After dilution of 20 mg of IL@MWCNTS in 200 μL of acetone, the mixture was injected to 10 mL of human serum/urine samples at pH of 8.0. After sonication for 5 min, the Ni(II) / Pb(II) were extracted by ionic liquid phase and then centrifuged for 2.5 min. The upper liquid phase set aside and Ni(II) / Pb(II) loaded in adsorbent were back-extracted by acidic solution at pH=2-3. Finally, the concentration of total nickel and lead was determined by ET-AAS. By optimizing, the limit of detection, linear range, and enrichment factor for nickel and lead were obtained (0.05 μg L−1; 0.1 μg L−1), (0.2-5.8 μg L−1; 0.4-30 μg L−1) and 24.7; 5.1, respectively (RSD less than 5%). Also, the capacity absorption of IL@MWCNTS for nickel and lead ions were achieved 149.3 mg g-1 and 162.5 mg g-1, respectively. The DIL-μ-SPE procedure was validated for nickel and lead extraction by spiking of real samples and ICP-MS analyzer.

Evaluation and determination of occupational and environmental exposure of lead in workplace air and human workers based dispersive ionic liquid solid phase micro extraction in battery manufacturing factories from Iran

The exposure of lead in workplace air and human workers of battery manufacturing factory was evaluated determined by nanotechnology since 2019-2020. Human whole blood (HWB) for subject and healthy peoples (25-55, Men, 40 N) and workplace air (40N) was prepared based on NIOSH sampling. 10 mL of HWB samples added to 20 mg of mixture ionic liquid/ ligand ([HMIM][PF6]/APDC) modified on graphene oxide nanostructures(GONs) at pH=6. After sonication, the lead ions separated/extracted by dispersive ionic liquid solid phase micro extraction (DIL-SPME) and determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (F-AAS). All air samples in workplace were analyzed based on NIOSH process. The results showed us the negative correlation between Pb concentration in human blood subject and healthy peoples (r=0.24). The range concentrations of lead in human subject, healthy peoples and workplace air were obtained 193.4-543.7 µg L-1, 85.6-175.9 µgL-1 and 44.7-81.5 µgm-3, respectively. The LOD, linear rang, enrichment factor(EF) and RSD% were achieved 1.25 µg L-1, 5.0- 310 µg L-1, 19.6 and less than 5% by procedure. The method was validated by standard reference material (SRM), the electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET-AAS) and ICP-MS analyzer for human samples.

Thiol modified bimodal mesoporous silica nanoparticles for removal and determination toxic vanadium from air and human biological samples in petrochemical workers

Investigation of exposure to toxic vanadium (V) in petrochemical workers is very important for human health, and it must be removed and determined in workplace air and human biological samples. In this research, the enriched adsorbent based on the thiol modified bimodal mesoporous silica nanoparticle (HS-UVM7) was used for the extraction vanadium in human blood by the dispersive sonication ionic liquid micro solid phase extraction (DS-IL-μ-SPE) at pH of 4.5. In addition, the vanadium (V) was removed from the industrial workplace air based on HS-UVM7 adsorbent by the liquid-solid phase-gas removal (LSP-GR). In the static and dynamic system, the vanadium (V) was removed from artificial air with HS-UVM7 and compared with the polyvinyl chloride membrane (PCM, sorbent in 7300 NIOSH). The LSP-GR procedure based on HS-UVM7 had more recovery and adsorption capacity as compared to PCM. The adsorption capacity of HS-UVM7 and UVM7 adsorbents were obtained 144.1 mg g−1 and 23.3 mg g−1, respectively. In addition, the main parameters effected on extraction vanadium in blood samples and removal from air were studied and optimized by ET-AAS. The LOD, RSD%, linear range (LR) and enrichment factor (EF) was achieved 0.03 μg L−1, 3.1, 0.1–4.5 μg L−1 and 48.7, respectively for extraction of vanadium in 10 mL of blood samples by the DS-IL-MSPE procedure. The validation of the methodology was confirmed by standard addition to gas phase and using certified reference materials (CRM, NIST) or ICP-MS in human blood samples.

Facilely synthesized mesoporous polymer for dispersion of amino acid ionic liquid and effective capture of carbon dioxide from anthropogenic source

Dispersing amino acid ionic liquids (AAILs) in porous supports is an effective method to overcome the viscous and corrosive issues of AAILs. Herein, a facilely synthesized mesoporous polymer—polydivinylbenzene (PDVB) was proposed as the support of AAILs for CO2 capture. A simple AAIL—tetraethylammonium glycinate ([N2222][Gly]) was synthesized and then dispersed in PDVB by physical impregnation. The prepared [N2222][Gly]@PDVB samples were systematically characterized and examined for CO2 capture performance. Owing to the large pore volume and rich mesoporisty of PDVB, the CO2 capacities of [N2222][Gly]@PDVB samples are very impressive, with the highest value of 1.55 mmol/g at 75 °C for 10 vol.% of CO2 balanced in N2. The utilization ratios of dispersed [N2222][Gly] at 75 °C approach the theoretical value of 0.5, suggesting the efficient utilization of [N2222][Gly] for the capture of CO2. The adsorption selectivity and reversibility of [N2222][Gly]@PDVB samples are also very good, justifying their promising application in the capture of CO2 from anthropogenic source.

Holdup and regime transition in reciprocating and rotating sieve plate column (RRSPC) for C6(mim)PF6 ionic liquid –water system

ABSTRACT In the present study, Reciprocating and Rotating Sieve Plate Column (RRSPC) was used with C6(mim)PF6; ionic liquid as dispersed phase and water as continuous phase to study hydrodynamics, which has not been studied till date. Experiments were conducted at different RPM, reciprocating pulsating frequency (RPF), dispersed phase velocity and total throughput, at different O/A ratios. It was found that disperse phase holdup increases with increase in dispersed phase velocity, total throughput (at different O/A ratios) and with increase in RPM/RPF. Simultaneous reciprocating pulsation and rotation produce good quality of dispersion of ionic liquid in range of 50 to 65 RPM/RPF. Phase inversion of dispersed phase to continuous phase takes place at 70 RPM/RPF when dispersed phase velocity () exceeds 4.2 mm/s. Higher holdup was observed at lower RPM/RPF in RRSPC as compared to other type of column reported in literature. The optimum operating condition for RRSPC was found to be, 60–65 RPM/RPF to achieve better holdup and uniform quality of dispersion. It turned to emulsion phase above 70 RPM/RPF. Snapshots show flow visualization as well as dispersion quality. Regime maps of the system were presented to understand the mixing settler regime, dispersion and emulsion regime ranges.

Adsorption of [BF4]− anion‐based ionic liquids on phosphorene, arsenene, and antimonene: A density functional theory study

AbstractDensity functional theory calculations have been performed to study the adsorption behavior of ionic liquids (ILs) on 15th group nanosheets including phosphorene (BP), arsenene (As), and antimonene (Sb). Three ILs based on 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium ([EMIM]+), tetramethylammonium ([TMA]+), and N‐methylpyridinium ([MPI]+) cations paired with tetrafluoroborate ([BF4]−) anion were selected as adsorbates on different 2D nanosheets to explore the interfacial behavior. The calculated structural, energy, charge transfer, and electronic properties of the adsorption systems for ILs/nanosheets exhibit combination by non‐covalent interaction. Adsorption of ILs induces a very small reduction of band gap for BP, As, and Sb nanosheets, and the electronic properties of nanosheets are nearly unchanged. These results increase understanding of the experimental mechanism for IL dispersion 2D materials and suggest that ILs can be used to functionalize elemental 15th group nanosheets for further applications in various fields.

Separation of aniline from water and wastewater samples based on activated carbon nanoparticles and dispersive solid phase extraction procedure

The water, wastewater and air are the main sources of aniline in environment. Aniline has a toxic effect in the human body and environment and so, must be determined by novel techniques. In this study, the activated carbon with microwave heating methods (MHM-ACNPs) were used for extraction aniline from waters by dispersive ionic liquid solid phase extraction procedure (D-IL-SPE) and compared to the activated carbon (AC). For this purpose, the mixture of acetone, ionic liquid and 30 mg of MHM-ACNPs/AC added to 100 mL of water samples at pH=8. After sonication for 10 min, the benzene ring in aniline as electron acceptor was chemically adsorbed on carboxylic groups of MHM-ACNPs as electron donors (MHM-ACNPs-COO─……C6H5-NH2) and then, the adsorbent was collected by IL phase in bottom of conical centrifuging tube. Finally, the aniline was released from MHM-ACNPs in remained solution by changing pH and the concentration of aniline determined by GC-FID.