Dispersion Method Research Articles

Evaluation of pretreatment methods for filamentous fungal detection

In order to obtain the best mass spectrometry identification results for using the most appropriate methods in clinical practice, we explore the optimal pretreatment methods for different species and morphologies of filamentous fungi. 98 fungal strains were treated with formic acid sandwich method, dispersion method, extraction method, and other methods using a medium element mass spectrometer (EXS3000) as a platform. Each strain had three targets, and the identification rates and confidence differences under different pre-treatment methods were compared to evaluate the identification effects of these methods. The mass spectrometry identification rates of 98 filamentous fungi obtained after pre-treatment with formic acid sandwich method, dispersion method, and extraction method were 85.71%, 82.65%, and 75.51%, respectively. The identification rate of the formic acid sandwich method was significantly higher than the other two methods (P < 0 005) has the best identification ability and the obtained confidence is also higher than the other two methods. The use of formic acid sandwich method for mass spectrometry identification of filamentous fungi can achieve ideal identification results, which is suitable for mass spectrometry identification of filamentous fungi in conventional laboratories.

Unveiling the Influential Factors and Heavy Industrial Applications of Graphene Hybrid Polymer Composites

Graphene hybrid-filler polymer composites have emerged as prominent materials that revolutionize heavy industries. This review paper encapsulates an in-depth analysis of different influential factors, such as filler/graphene type, aspect ratios, dispersion methods, filler-matrix compatibility, fiber orientation, synergistic effects, different processing techniques, and post-curing conditions, which affect the processing and properties of graphene hybrid polymer composites, as well as their resultant applications. Additionally, it discusses the substantial role of graphene reinforcement with other fillers, such as carbon nanotubes, silica, nano-clays, and metal oxides, to produce functionalized hybrid polymer composites with synergistically enhanced tailored properties, offering solutions for heavy industries, including aerospace, automotive, electronics, and energy harvesting. This review concludes with some suggestions and an outlook on the future of these composite materials by emphasizing the need for continued research to fully optimize their potential.

The Effects of Household Corrosive Substances on the Dissolution of Complete Pig (Sus scrofa) Carcasses

Caustic substance submersion has been a known method of body dispersal in homicides, and its use continues today in cases involving organized crime. Additional research is necessary to determine whether a complete body can be fully dissolved usingcaustic substances and at what rates. The present study submerged two complete 10-to 15-kg fresh, never-frozen, juvenile pigs (Sus scrofa) in each of three different household corrosive substances (37% sulfuric acid, 31.45% hydrochloric acid, and 18–28% sodium hydroxide) under controlled conditions to simulate the way in which complete human remains would react to common household corrosives. The goal of this project was to determine which corrosive substance could most rapidly dissolve a body or reduce it to a slurry. Hydrochloric acid achieved complete dissolution in one week, sulfuric acid achieved complete dissolution in five weeks, and sodium hydroxide achieved near-complete dissolution in eight weeks. Certain household corrosive substances are therefore effective in complete body dissolution.

Strength, toughness and interface modification of graphene oxide grafted carbon fiber modified concrete

Graphene oxide grafted carbon fiber (CF-GO) is prepared by "grafting to" chemical graft method. The elements and chemical bonds on the surface of CF-GO are characterized by XPS test, which confirms the successful preparation of CF-GO, and the monofilament tensile strength of CF-GO is tested. The dispersion effect of CF-GO under different dispersion methods is compared, and CF-GO modified concrete (CF-GOMC) is prepared. The strength and toughness of CF-GOMC are tested and compared with those of carbon fiber modified concrete. In addition, the modification mechanism of CF-GO on fiber/concrete matrix interface is analyzed by SEM-EDS test. The results show that the monofilament tensile strength of CF-GO increases by 22.22% compared with that of carbon fiber. When dispersing with high-efficiency water reducer combined with ultrasonic wave, the dispersion effect of CF-GO is the best, the resistivity of CF-GOMC is the minimum, and the strength is the maximum. CF-GO can improve the strength and toughness of concrete, and its improvement effect is better than carbon fiber. The optimal contents of CF-GO and carbon fiber are 0.3% and 0.2% respectively. Graphene oxide on the surface of CF-GO enhances the fiber/concrete matrix interface physically and chemically by improving the mechanical interlocking force between CF-GO and concrete matrix and promoting the formation of hydration products on the surface of CF-GO. Moreover, the content of C-S-H crystal at the CF-GO/concrete matrix interface increases.

Determination of insecticide residues in beverages based on MIL-100(Fe) dispersive solid-phase microextraction in combination with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by HPLC-MS/MS

A novel dispersive solid-phase microextraction method based on a metal-organic framework (MIL-100(Fe)) combined with a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction technique was proposed for the extraction and enrichment of four insecticides in beverages. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of these insecticides was conducted using HPLC-MS/MS. To optimize the extraction process, several parameters were investigated, and the main variables were optimized using CCD-based RSM. The developed method displayed a wide linear range of 1.000–1000 ng/L and R2 values >0.993 for all four calibration curves. The method demonstrated high sensitivity, with LODs and LOQs of 0.3–0.6 ng/L and 0.8–1.0 ng/L, respectively. In addition, the greenness of the proposed method was assessed using the Complex GAPI tool, and the results showed that the proposed method exhibits benefits, such as minimal usage of organic solvents and negligible matrix influence, making it a suitable method for the detection of insecticide residues in beverages.

Preparation and In vitro Evaluation of Folated Pluronic F87/TPGS Co-modified Liposomes for Targeted Delivery of Curcumin.

Using targeted liposomes to encapsulate and deliver drugs has become a hotspot in biomedical research. Folated Pluronic F87/D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) co-modified liposomes (FA-F87/TPGS-Lps) were fabricated for curcumin delivery, and intracellular targeting of liposomal curcumin was investigated. FA-F87 was synthesized and its structural characterization was conducted through dehydration condensation. Then, cur-FA-F87/TPGS-Lps were prepared via thin film dispersion method combined with DHPM technique, and their physicochemical properties and cytotoxicity were determined. Finally, the intracellular distribution of cur-FA-F87/TPGS-Lps was investigated using MCF-7 cells. Incorporation of TPGS in liposomes reduced their particle size, but increased the negative charge of the liposomes as well as their storage stability, and the encapsulation efficiency of curcumin was improved. While, modification of liposomes with FA increased their particle size, and had no impact on the encapsulation efficiency of curcumin in liposomes. Among all the liposomes (cur-F87-Lps, cur-FA-F87-Lps, cur-FA-F87/TPGS-Lps and cur-F87/TPGS-Lps), cur-FA-F87/TPGS-Lps showed highest cytotoxicity to MCF-7 cells. Moreover, cur-FA-F87/TPGS-Lps was found to deliver curcumin into the cytoplasm of MCF-7 cells. Folate-Pluronic F87/TPGS co-modified liposomes provide a novel strategy for drug loading and targeted delivery.

Interaction of integral parameters of physical state and biological age of students aged 17-19 years old in the process of adaptation to standard and experimental physical education programs

Background and Study Aim. The process of adaptation to physical education programs is a critical factor influencing the health and physical development of students. Understanding how these programs affect both the physical state and biological age of students can significantly improve their effectiveness. The aim of the study is to investigate the interaction between integral parameters of physical state (PS) and biological age (BA) of students aged 17-19 years old in the process of adaptation to standard and experimental physical education (PE) programs. Material and Methods. The study involved 140 first-year students of the National University of Telecommunications - 80 males and 60 females. In the course of the research, the indices of functional state, physical fitness (PF) and physical development (PD), biological age (BA) were recorded in young men and women of the control (CG) and experimental (EG) groups. To process the experimental material, methods of dispersion and canonical analysis were used and multiple correlation and determination coefficients were calculated. Results. It was revealed that the impact of PS integral parameters on students' BA is stronger than the inverse influence of BA on PS parameters. The degree of BA reduction under the influence of the studied factors is most pronounced in the EG of girls and boys. The variability of the group of PD and PF indices is accompanied by the variability of most of the BA parameters’ dispersion in all studied groups of students. The factor of gender has the greatest impact on the BA of students. Girls have lower initial values of BA and it’s a more pronounced decrease by the end of the experiment. The effectiveness of the impact of an aerobically oriented experimental program on the improvement of students’ PS and reduction of BA was confirmed. Under the influence of the experimental program, the BA of EG girls decreases to a greater extent in comparison with EG boys and students of both control groups. Changes and differences in BA of boys and girls of EG and CG are due to the combined impact of the factor of PE software and that of adaptation changes of students' PS in the annual process of PE. In the group of boys and girls more pronounced influence on BA in the course of the experiment was produced by the factor of software and adaptation changes, respectively. Conclusions. The gender factor has the strongest impact on students' BA - girls have lower initial values of BA and it’s a more pronounced decrease by the end of the experiment in comparison with boys. Adaptation changes of PS in the process of software implementation are accompanied by a decrease in BA in the experimental groups. One of the criteria and confirmations of the effectiveness of the developed PE program is the degree of mutual influence of PS integral parameters, which is most pronounced in the reduction of BA in the experimental groups of girls and boys.

Search for carbon additives in Co-free Ni(OH)2 cathodes for NiMH batteries

In this study, carbon black and plasma black are used as conductive additives solely or in combination to explore the possibility of replacing cobalt based compounds as additive in NiMH cathodes. Two production methods, namely; ball milling and dispersion methods, are employed to improve the homogeneity and the contact between carbon and the active material. With carbon additives, either singly or in combination the discharge capacity rises steadily with cycling but this behavior changes suddenly resulting in the capacity decay. As a result, Ni(OH)2 fails to reach its full capacity. The origin of this sudden change was investigated in cathodes using charge profiles, linear sweep voltammetry and ex-situ X-ray diffraction. It is concluded that this loss of capacity built-up was due to the formation of γ-NiOOH as a major phase during charging which is associated with a large volume change and concurrent oxygen evolution reaction leading to particle drop-out and hence the capacity decay.

Influence of graphene oxide properties, superplasticiser type, and dispersion technique on mechanical performance of graphene oxide-added concrete

The incorporation of Graphene Oxide (GO) nanomaterial into concrete has gained significant attention due to its potential to enhance mechanical and durability properties. The addition of GO to concrete creates considerable changes in the morphology of the concrete matrix, creating a densified microstructure. Critical parameters significantly affect these microstructural enhancements and, consequently, the final performance in GO-added concrete. These parameters include GO material properties, superplasticiser (PS) type, and dispersion techniques. Therefore, this study investigates the influence of GO on the mechanical performance of concrete, focusing on these critical factors. Unlike existing studies concentrating on a single parameter's effect, this research comprehensively compares how these parameters impact GO-added concrete. Two commercially available GO types (GO-A and GO-B) and two PS types (PS-A and PS-B) are utilised. At the same time, three commonly used mixing techniques, such as mechanical, high-speed, and ultrasonic mixing techniques, are considered for GO dispersion. GO-A is added to concrete in percentages ranging from 0.02% to 0.14% by weight of cement (bwoc), while GO-B ranges from 0.04% to 0.20% bwoc. Based on compressive strength test results, the optimum GO dosages are 0.08% for GO-A and 0.12% for GO-B. The highest strength results are achieved for GO-B added concrete with PS-A addition and following the ultrasonic dispersion method, highlighting these parameters as optimal for maximising GO-added concrete performance. The optimum concrete mix exhibits 33%, 24%, 25%, and 30% increments for compressive strength, indirect tensile strength, flexural strength, and elastic modulus properties at 28 days. This paper provides a deep theoretical explanation of the effects of GO material properties, dispersion techniques, and PS type on GO-added concrete performance. The findings provide valuable insights into selecting suitable parameters for optimising the mechanical properties of GO-added concrete, contributing to the advancement and effectiveness of construction materials.

A novel thermal-tailored strategy to mitigate thermal cracking of cement-based materials by carbon fibers and liquid-metal-based microencapsulated phase change materials

Massive concrete structures are susceptible to thermal cracking due to the large surface-to-internal temperature gradients induced by the exothermic cement hydration, threatening their durability and safety. This study explored a novel thermal-tailored strategy to mitigate thermal cracking of cement-based materials by incorporating carbon fibers (CF) and liquid-metal-based microencapsulated phase change materials (MEPCM). Specifically, spherical MEPCM composed of In-Bi-Sn alloy cores coated by polyvinyl alcohol shells was prepared through a high-speed liquid-phase dispersion method, with average diameters of 36.26 μm and a high volumetric latent heat of 214 MJ/m3. The synergistic effect of CF and MEPCM on the microstructure, mechanical and thermal properties of cement mortars was further investigated. Upon adding 0.3 wt% of CF and 3.2 vol.% of MEPCM, the flexural strength of cement mortars exhibited a significant increase of 30.3 %. Microanalysis revealed that the molten MEPCM could flow to fill the pores and microcracks within its surrounding matrix and form a network skeleton with well-dispersed CF, imparting flexibility to the typically rigid cement hydrates. By this way, the thermal conductivity of cement mortars was increased by 21.7 % and internal temperature rise was decreased by 12 ℃ by adding 4.8 vol.% of MEPCM, contributing to the mitigation of risks associated with thermal cracking. The research outcomes will provide valuable insights into the development of thermal cracking-resistant cement-based materials in a highly efficient way.

Enhancing proton exchange membrane water electrolysis performance: Impact of iridium oxide catalyst ink dispersing methodology

Iridium oxide (IrO2) is the most successful catalyst for triggering oxygen revolution reactions in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWE). However, conventional ultrasonic methods for ink dispersion often result in ink instability, catalyst aggregation, and sedimentation. To address these issues, we investigate the effects of the dispersion type, treatment time, and ionomer-addition sequence on the catalytic performance. Ball-milling procedure prepares a more stable catalyst ink and achieves a larger electrochemical surface area (ECSA) than ultrasonic method. Extending the ball-milling time to 12 h improves the ink stability (absorbance change rate ∼0.6 % h−1); however, over-processing causes the thickest catalyst layer, leading to an enhanced mass transport resistance. Moreover, treating an ionomer with IrO2 causes the substitution of sulfonic acid groups by carboxylic acid groups and reduces the repulsive force in colloidal particles, resulting in poor ink stability, low proton conductivity, and small ECSA. Therefore, adding ionomer after ball milling is recommended for the preparation of a stable ink with high catalytic performance. The membrane electrode assembly prepared using this procedure exhibits an improved performance of 1.70 A cm−2 at 1.7 V, compared with that prepared using ultrasonic methods. This work provides crucial guidance of ink preparation for large-scale production of PEMWEs.

Preparation of Liposome Gel by Calcium Cross-Linking Induces the Long-Term Release of DOX to Improve the Antitumor Effect.

Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most commonly used anticancer drugs; however, its clinical application is greatly limited due to its toxicity and chemotherapy resistance. The delivery of DOX by liposomes (Lipos) can improve the blood circulation time in vivo and reduce toxic side effects, but the drug's accumulation in the tumor is often insufficient for effective treatment. In this study, we present a calcium cross-linked liposome gel for the encapsulation of DOX, demonstrating its superior long-term release capabilities compared to conventional Lipos. By leveraging this enhanced long-term release, we can enhance drug accumulation within tumors, ultimately leading to improved antitumor efficacy. Lipos were prepared using the thin-film dispersion method in this study. We utilized the ion-responsiveness of glutathione-gelatin (GSH-GG) to form the gel outside the Lipos and named the nanoparticles coated with GSH-GG on the outside of Lipos as Lipos@GSH-GG. The average size of Lipos@GSH-GG was around 342.9 nm, with a negative charge of -25.6 mV. The in vitro experiments revealed that Lipos@GSH-GG exhibited excellent biocompatibility and slower drug release compared to conventional Lipos. Further analysis of cellular uptake and cytotoxicity demonstrated that Lipos@GSH-GG loading DOX (DOX&Lipos@GSH-GG) exhibited superior long-term release effects and lower toxic side effects compared to Lipos loading DOX (DOX&Lipos). Additionally, the findings regarding the long-term release effect in vivo and the tumor accumulation within tumor-bearing mice of Lipos@GSH-GG suggested that, compared to Lipos, it demonstrated superior long-term release capabilities and achieved greater drug accumulation within tumors. In vivo antitumor efficacy experiments showed that DOX&Lipos@GSH-GG demonstrated superior antitumor efficacy to DOX&Lipos. Our study highlights Lipos@GSH-GG as a promising nanocarrier with the potential to enhance efficacy and safety by means of long-term release effects and may offer an alternative approach for effective antitumor therapy in the future.

Integrated-path multi-gas sensor using near-infrared diode lasers: An alternative to vehicle-driven point gas analyzer

Sensors for quantitative monitoring of greenhouse gases from high-emission facilities, such as wastewater treatment and industrial plants, are becoming essential to enforce regulatory compliance in climate action initiatives. A predominant sensing technique is the tracer-gas dispersion method (TDM) using closed-path gas analyzers typically installed in a vehicle to measure concentration as the gas plume is transected. Here, we validate for the first time the use of integrated-path gas sensors in TDM, measuring instantaneously the concentration along a predetermined laser beam path, thereby facilitating a stationary setup with orders of magnitude higher update rate and without the need for vehicles or road access. Our approach relies on a sensitive, integrated-path multi-gas sensor for real-time emission quantification using tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy. An optical sensor head with spectral coverage from 1.52 μm to 1.65 μm is demonstrated, supporting multiplexed gas sensing in a modular fashion using low-power fiber-coupled diode lasers. The sensor measures real-time integrated-path concentrations of CO2 and CH4, and the tracer-gas C2H2 at 130 Hz with 0.5 ppm, 3 ppb, and 2 ppb sensitivity, respectively, at 1 s averaging. The integrated-path sensor is systematically benchmarked for absolute accuracy against a state-of-the-art point sensor, revealing an excellent match over 16 hours. Furthermore, the integrated-path sensor is deployed outdoors for emission quantification using TDM. A comparison to the gold-standard point sensor reveals identical results, demonstrating the integrated-path sensor as a potent substitute for vehicle-driven point sensors.

Development of a dispersive micro-solid phase extraction method based on using cobalamin as a green adsorbent for the extraction of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from oil samples

ABSTRACT A dispersive micro-solid phase extraction procedure using cobalamin as a green sorbent has been developed for the extraction of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions from oil samples. At first, a desired amount of oil sample was dissolved in chloroform. Then, the specified amount of cobalamin was added and vortexed. After centrifuging, the separated solid particles were dissolved in nitric acid solution. Finally, the analytes were analysed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Effects of different analytical parameters such as amounts of sample and cobalamin, vortex time, complexing agent amount, type and volume of dissolving solvent, and temperature on the extraction efficiency of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions were investigated and optimised. Under optimised conditions, calibration curves were established with the linear ranges of 1.5–150 μg Kg−1 for Cd(II) and 1–150 μg Kg−1 for Pb(II). The detection limits were found to be 0.48 and 0.34 µg Kg−1 along with extraction recoveries of 89.1% and 94.8% for Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions, respectively. The proposed method demonstrated good repeatability, with the relative standard deviation ranging from 3.8% to 4.1% (n = 6, C = 10 μg Kg−1 of each cation). Finally, the method was successfully applied to determine the concentrations of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions in various oil samples.

Transport Properties in Multicomponent Systems Containing Cyclodextrins and Nickel Ions.

In this work, we propose a comprehensive experimental study of the diffusion of nickel ions in combination with different cyclodextrins as carrier molecules for enhanced solubility and facilitated transport. For this, ternary mutual diffusion coefficients measured by Taylor dispersion method are reported for aqueous solutions containing nickel salts and different cyclodextrins (that is, α-CD, β-CD, and γ-CD) at 298.15 K. A combination of Taylor dispersion and other methods, such as UV-vis spectroscopy, will be used to obtain complementary information on these systems. The determination of the physicochemical properties of these salts with CDs in aqueous solution provides information that allows us to understand solute-solvent interactions, and gives a significant contribution to understanding the mechanisms underlying diffusional transport in aqueous solutions, and, consequently, to mitigating the potential toxicity associated with these metal ions. For example, using mutual diffusion data, it is possible to estimate the number of moles of each ion transported per mole of the cyclodextrin driven by its own concentration gradient.

The Preparation and Performance of Epoxy/Acetylene Carbon Black Wave-Absorbing Foam.

The epoxy foam material filled with an absorbing agent effectively absorbs electromagnetic waves. In this study, epoxy resin was used as the matrix, and acetylene carbon black was used as the magnetic absorbing agent to prepare an absorbing foam material (epoxy/CB). The microstructure of acetylene carbon black (CB) and its distribution in epoxy resin, as well as the effects of pre-polymerization time and CB content on the foam structure, were systematically characterized. Additionally, two dispersion methods, the hot-melt in situ stirring dispersion method and the three-roll milling dispersion method, were studied for their effects on the foaming process and absorbing properties of epoxy/CB. The results showed that with the prolongation of pre-polymerization time, the pore size decreased from 1.02 mm to 0.4 mm, leading to a more uniform pore distribution. Compared to the hot-melt in situ stirring dispersion method, the three-roll milling dispersion method effectively improved the dispersion of CB in epoxy resin, reducing the aggregate size from 300-400 nm to 70-80 nm. The pore diameter also decreased from 0.453 mm to 0.311 mm, improving the uniformity of particle size distribution. However, the absorbing material prepared with the three-roll milling dispersion method exhibited unsatisfactory absorption performance, with values close to 0 dB at mid-low frequencies and around -1 dB at high frequencies. In contrast, the absorbing material prepared with the hot-melt in situ stirring dispersion method showed better absorption performance at high frequencies, reaching around -9 dB.

Targeted inhibition of autophagy in hepatic stellate cells by hydroxychloroquine: An effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of liver fibrosis.

Liver fibrosis is a wound-healing reaction which is the main cause of chronic liver diseases worldwide. The activated hepatic stellate cell (aHSC) is the main driving factor in the development of liver fibrosis. Inhibiting autophagy of aHSC can prevent the progression of liver fibrosis, but inhibiting autophagy of other liver cells has opposite effects. Hence, targeted inhibition of autophagy in aHSC is quite necessary for the treatment of liver fibrosis, which prompts us to explore the targeted delivery system of small molecule autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) that can target aHSC and alleviate the liver fibrosis. The delivery system of HCQ@retinol-liposome nanoparticles (HCQ@ROL-LNPs) targeting aHSC was constructed by the film dispersion and pH-gradient method. TGF-β-induced HSC activation and thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis mice model were established, and the targeting ability and therapeutic effect of HCQ@ROL-LNPs in liver fibrosis were studied subsequently invitro and invivo. HCQ@ROL-LNPs have good homogeneity and stability. They inhibited the autophagy of aHSC selectively by HCQ and reduced the deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) and the damage to other liver cells. Compared with the free HCQ and HCQ@LNPs, HCQ@ROL-LNPs had good targeting ability, showing enhanced therapeutic effect and low toxicity to other organs. Construction of HCQ@ROL-LNPs delivery system lays a theoretical and experimental foundation for the treatment of liver fibrosis and promotes the development of clinical therapeutic drugs for liver diseases.

The decomposition of guided waves overlapped in the time–frequency domain in composite materials

Compared with traditional bulk wave detection methods, guided wave detection has higher efficiency and accuracy, and therefore has a wider range of applications. However, the guided waves have two inherent properties, namely dispersion and multimodality. In propagation, the various modes of guided wave signals are usually overlapped in the time–frequency domain, which greatly limits the applicability of ultrasonic detection. In this paper, the generalized dispersive mode decomposition method is introduced to separate the modes overlapped in the time–frequency domain in the composite materials. In the method, the overlapped modes in the time–frequency domain can be separated by estimating the group delay of corresponding dispersive modes without any prior knowledge. When the estimated group delay is equal to the true group delay, the corresponding mode is completely separated from the overlapped modes. The dispersion curves of the carbon fiber composite laminate with a determined propagation direction were reconstructed by employing a combination of the generalized dispersive mode decomposition and zero-crossing techniques. And the accuracy and effectiveness were further validated through comparison with the results obtained from empirical mode decomposition and independent component analysis. The proposed method presents a useful guideline for the mode decomposition in the carbon composites and helps detect the mechanical properties or defects of the composite materials.

Investigation of the Elemental Composition of Titanium Metal Waste by X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis

The purpose of this work was to study the elemental composition of titanium metal waste to be processed by the method of electroerosive dispersion into spherical powders suitable for additive manufacturing.Methods. When conducting experiments on X-ray fluorescence analysis of chemical composition, pieces of metal waste rods of a titanium alloy of an unknown brand were used. An X-ray fluorescence spectrometer Niton Goldd (USA) was used to determine the elemental composition and percentage of elements in the alloy under study. With this method, X-ray radiation is directed at the sample under study, the reflected wave spectrum is obtained and the characteristics of the spectrum of secondary fluorescent radiation of the sample are analyzed. In this case, electromagnetic waves form secondary X-ray radiation, i.e., characteristic lines that are characteristic of atoms of various elements and have their own individual characteristics. Thus, the elemental composition of the sample under study is determined, and the intensity of these lines shows the quantitative concentration of elements.Results. Using a portable Niton Goldd spectrometer, it was found that titanium metal waste corresponds to the grade of the OT4-0 alloy. The data obtained made it possible to identify samples of the studied metal waste to be processed by the method of electroerosive dispersion into spherical powders suitable for additive manufacturing. As a result of comparing the percentage of chemical elements of the studied metal waste and alloy OT4-0 according to GOST 19807-91, minor discrepancies were found due to the absence of elements such as O, Si, C, N and H. in metal waste. Apparently, this difference is related to their possible presence in small amounts up to 0.1% or complete absence.Conclusion. Renovation of metal waste, including titanium metal waste, will contribute to resource conservation, import substitution and ensuring the technological sovereignty of the Russian Federation.

Preparation, characterisation, and pharmacodynamic study of myricetin pH-sensitive liposomes

Aims Myricetin (MYR) was incorporated into pH-sensitive liposomes in order to improve its bioavailability and anti-hyperuricemic activity. Methods The MYR pH-sensitive liposomes (MYR liposomes) were prepared using thin film dispersion method, and assessed by particle size (PS), polydispersed index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), encapsulation efficiency, drug loading, and in vitro release rate. Pharmacokinetics and anti-hyperuricemic activities were also evaluated. Results The PS, PDI, ZP, encapsulation efficiency, and drug loading of MYR liposomes were 184.34 ± 1.05 nm, 0.215 ± 0.005, −38.46 ± 0.30 mV, 83.42 ± 1.07%w/w, and 6.20 ± 0.31%w/w, respectively. The release rate of MYR liposomes was higher than free MYR, wherein the cumulative value responded to pH. Besides, the Cmax of MYR liposomes was 4.92 ± 0.20 μg/mL. The level of uric acid in the M-L-H group (200 mg/kg) was reduced by 54.74%w/v in comparison with the model group. Conclusion MYR liposomes exhibited pH sensitivity and could potentially enhance the oral bioavailability and anti-hyperuricemic efficacy of MYR.