Dispersal Device Research Articles

The Role of Diagnostic Medical Imaging Community in Responding to Nuclear and Radiological Events in Urban Environments

Introduction:To understand the role of medical providers in general and the radiology community in the prevention, management, and aftermath of a radiological or nuclear event.Method:Using a power point presentation, the author will describe in detail the role diagnostic medical imagers can play in responding to the radiological or nuclear MASCAL events.Results:The purpose is to educate the civilian radiology audience about their role amidst the changing nature of current nuclear threats and asymmetric and hybrid warfare in urban settings. It is very likely that in the future the civilian radiology community may be involved and respond to a nuclear crisis or a radiation accident or its aftermath before the military gets involved because it will most likely be initially a MASCAL event in a civilian setting, not immediately under the purview of the military.Conclusion:Radiologists and nuclear medicine physicians will play a very critical and central role in the event of a nuclear detonation or a radiation dispersal device detonation due to their inherent knowledge of the principles of radiation, contamination, exposure and radiation protection.

Radioisotope replacement with compact electron linear accelerators

The replacement of radioactive sources with alternative technologies has been identified as a priority by international authorities, due to the risk of accidents and diversion by terrorists for use in Radiological Dispersal Devices. Many of these sources can be replaced with the X-rays produced by electron beams accelerated to MeV energies. However, the size, weight and costs of electron linacs must be significantly reduced to be considered for radioisotope replacement. RadiaBeam Technologies, LLC is developing a series of inexpensive compact electron accelerators in the 1–10 MeV range for radioisotope replacement such as Ir-192, Cs-137 and Co-60 for various applications. The dramatic level of miniaturization and cost-reduction was achieved thanks to the implementation of such innovative technologies as high-frequency magnetrons, split accelerating structure fabrication technology and solid-state Marx modulators. In this paper, we overview RadiaBeam's compact linac developments, discuss the enabling technologies, and report on the current progress.

Experimental research on the jet-breaking characteristics and hydraulic performance of a novel automatic rotating sprinkler

Abstract To improve the performance of sprinklers that work under low pressure, a new type of automatic rotating sprinkler equipped with different water dispersion devices was designed and the jet diffusion angle and hydraulic performance of the new and original sprinklers were compared using experimental methods. The results indicate that, when the working pressure is below 200 kPa, the jet diffusion angle of the new sprinkler with the water dispersion device B is the largest. Although the pattern radius of the new sprinkler is slightly lower than that of the original, it is more effective in improving the combined coefficient of uniformity (CU) at lower working pressures. Specifically, when the working pressure was 100 kPa, the new sprinkler with the water dispersion device B, which has a square inner hole with a side length of 6.2 mm, improved the CU by 54.89% on average. Remarkably, the CU of the new sprinkler with water dispersion device B at a working pressure of 100 kPa was 6.65% higher than that of the original sprinkler at a working pressure of 200 kPa. The research results provide valuable insights into the design of sprinklers to improve the performance of low-pressure sprinkler irrigation systems.

Effects of the depth of the needle‐shaped water dispersion device inserted into the jet on the jet breakup of sprinklers

AbstractNeedle‐shaped water dispersion devices (NSWDDs) can break the jet and make the sprinkler spray evenly even under low working pressure. However, an inappropriate selection of the depth at which the NSWDD is inserted into the jet will affect the sprinkler pattern radius. To study the effect of the NSWDD insertion depth on the jet breakup, the jet structure, atomization, vorticity, static pressure and velocity distribution are studied using a combination of the lattice Boltzmann method and high‐speed photography. The results show that as the insertion depth increases, the jet structures gradually evolve from liquid films to ligaments, causing the diffusion angle of the jet to increase. Under the same operating pressure, the degree of jet atomization increases with increasing insertion depth. Meanwhile, the velocity pulsation degree on the central axis gradually increases, which will cause the jet to have a shorter air travelling distance. As the insertion depth and the radial position distance from the nozzle outlet increase, the velocity on the radial line first exhibits a symmetrical distribution, then an asymmetric one and finally a symmetric one again. The results can fill the gap in previous research on the effects of the NSWDD on jet breakup.

Human and Environmental Bias Affecting Risk Perception in Military Radiological and Nuclear Operations

The urban military operating environment may offer favorable conditions for combat involving asymmetric actions or 4th generation warfare which includes the chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear (CBRN) environment. The CBRN environment is characterized by threats and hazards capable of producing negative impacts to the operations. The detriment may be produced by intentional release of hazardous materials into the operational environment. This study deals with an environment deliberately contaminated by radioactive materials because of the activation of a radiological dispersive device (RDD). A computer simulation of the radioactive scenario was performed in order to produce useful information which in turn can be used to support decision-making. The main goal was to assess the risk of developing radio-induced solid cancer by studying the articulation between local environmental variables and a cognitive bias, the Dunning-Kruger effect. The findings highlight intuitive correlations between local atmospheric stability and cognitive bias affecting the threat level (radiation dose), the responsiveness and the perceived risk. The findings also allow us to infer that, especially in the military-operational context, the methodology proposed for the assessment of environment-human interactions may be decisive for correctly direct available resources, both human and material, reducing operational risk.

Study of Terahertz Sensing Performance Based on Graphene-DBR Asymmetric Structure

Tamm plasmon polaritons have super strong field localization, and can be directly excited by TM or TE polarized light without dispersive devices, whose related technology has become one of the research hotspots nowadays. In view of this, in this paper, a terahertz sensor device based on double-dip detection of Tamm plasmon polaritons is designed. The device is asymmetric structure, which can excite two Tamm plasmon polaritons modes with the different intrinsic energies at the interface between two DBRs and graphene. Through the optimized simulation analysis of its terahertz sensing characteristics, the results show that the reflection spectrum under this structure has two dips at 0.9THz and 1.0THz respectively, and their full widths at half maxima of 0.0361THz and 0.0131THz are relatively narrow. Moreover, their sensitivities are 0.21THz/RIU and 0.41THz/RIU, and the figure of merit can reach up to 5.69RIU−1 and 31.33RIU−1, respectively. Therefore, this research is suitable for high sensitivity terahertz double-dip detection, and has important application prospect in terahertz devices.

Commentary: Protecting the protector.

Manual small-incision cataract surgery (MSICS) is a more cost-effective and financially viable option for many settings in the developing world. Excellent effectiveness makes MSICS the most appropriate technique for performing high-volume cataract surgeries, especially in developing countries.[1] Tabin et al. reported that cataract accounts for almost 75% of cases of avoidable blindness in developing countries. With a large amount of avoidable blindness due to cataract prevailing in our country and most of the population not being able to afford phacoemulsification, MSICS has become an important tool for eliminating it.[2] Learning the correct and safe technique of MSICS is of utmost importance to tackle the huge burden of cataract in our country. Endothelial protection during MSICS is critical to maintain the cornea transparent postoperatively. The authors of this review article have given nice tips as to how one can meticulously prevent endothelial cell loss during each step of MSICS surgery. Handling the instruments that are introduced in the anterior chamber is a continuous learning process, so all surgeons at every level of their career should emphasize on improving one’s own technique.[3] The surgical techniques in cataract surgery are evolving toward a safer side in terms of endothelial protection, so one should not hesitate in adapting a new and safer technique. The most common step where the endothelium gets damaged is during nucleus delivery.[4] There are various methods of nucleus delivery. The surgeon should practice that method which is safe in his/her hands. Nowadays various types of cohesive and dispersive ophthalmic viscosurgical devices (OVDs) are produced in our country and they are available at an affordable cost. Appropriate OVDs should be used depending on the type of cataract and associated ocular problems, especially during nucleus delivery and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Authors of this review article have mentioned different techniques of use of these OVDs to safe guard the endothelium. Maintaining the anterior chamber all through the surgery is important to minimize the endothelial cell loss in MSICS. Though MSICS has valved and self-sealing incision to maintain the depth of the anterior chamber, the chamber depth may alter during instrumentation and nucleus delivery. So one should take care to maintain the depth of the anterior chamber with the appropriate use of irrigating solutions, OVDs, the correct method of introducing the instruments into the anterior chamber, and proper use of Simcoe cannula.[5] One should also be aware of patient-related factors that alter the depth of the anterior chamber like lid squeezing and positive pressure in obese patients. One should know the safer dose and right technique of using various intraocular drugs because the toxic effect of these drugs on the endothelium can sometimes remain permanent.[6] There is also a need for standardizing the quality of the drugs at the production level; hence, the appropriate authorities should make stringent rules and monitor the drugs produced by various companies in our country.

The Carbon Black Dispersion Index DICB: A Novel Approach Describing the Dispersion Progress of Carbon Black Containing Battery Slurries

The targeted adjustment of carbon black (CB) particle size in electrode slurries is a key step in battery production. Based on the energy input and dispersion device, the resulting particle structure of CB differs significantly. Most frequently, especially in more recent publications, the median particle size was used to describe changes during dispersion. However, this value does not contain enough information to describe the dispersion progress of bimodally distributed particles sufficiently. In this short communication, a novel approach describing the dispersion progress of CB containing slurries is introduced. This method was developed utilizing the hierarchical structure and fragmentation behavior of CB. The Carbon Black Dispersion Index DICB allows quick and easy assessment of the dispersion progress by isolating the CB aggregates of the bimodal distribution. This value offers major benefits with regards to quality control and production monitoring.

Dual-panel polyvinyl toluene scintillator application as a radiation portal monitor device for gamma and neutron detection

Detection techniques for radiation portal monitors (RPMs) are being developed at Canadian Nuclear Laboratories. One of the purposes of RPM systems at the border ports of entry is to detect illegal transportation of special nuclear material (SNM), which can be used for radiation dispersal devices or nuclear weapons production.One of the most widely used detection technologies considered for RPMs is the polyvinyl toluene (PVT) scintillator. PVT is the most widely used material due to its low cost and its capability to be formed into different shapes and sizes. However, the primary limitation of PVT scintillators is their poor energy spectrum resolution, which limits the discrimination between neutron and gamma radiation.In the present work, a method that allows for the discrimination of fast neutron events from gamma events in a PVT-based RPM was investigated. This method uses two sets of plastic scintillators separated by an air gap. The gap increases the travel distances between scattering events to more easily distinguish pulses produced by neutron interactions in the scintillator from those produced by gamma rays. The time-of-flight (TOF) values between the coincident events in these two sets of scintillators were measured. The TOF for neutrons is significantly longer than the TOF for gamma rays. Another distinguishing characteristic of neutrons is that the flight time between these two scintillator panels will vary according to their energy.The results show that TOF measurements can distinguish neutron sources with sufficiently different energies. Therefore, this method is capable of identifying radioactive material based on neutron energy.In addition to the experimental work, Monte Carlo simulations were carried out using MCNP6.2. The simulation showed that the detector setup had an efficiency (which is the ratio of the number of counts recorded by the detector to the number of neutrons that are incident on the detector) of approximately 12%. Also, the MCNP results showed that the thickness of the second panel had a minimal effect on the signal and no effect on the gamma/neutron peak separation, and therefore could be any conveniently available thickness. However, increasing the air gap between panels increased the peak separation distance but reduced the signal, with a gap distance between 50 cm and 100 cm producing acceptable results.

Emergency Management in the Event of Radiological Dispersion in an Urban Environment.

Dispersion of a radiological source is a complex scenario in terms of first response, especially when it occurs in an urban environment. The authors in this paper designed, simulated, and analyzed the data from two different scenarios with the two perspectives of an unintentional fire event and a Radiological Dispersal Device (RDD) intentional explosion. The data of the simulated urban scenario are taken from a real case of orphan sources abandoned in a garage in the center of the city of Milan (Italy) in 2012. The dispersion and dose levels are simulated using Parallel Micro Swift Spray (PMSS) software, which takes into account the topographic and meteorological information of the reference scenarios. Apart from some differences in the response system of the two scenarios analyzed, the information provided by the modeling technique used, compared to other models not able to capture the actual urban and meteorological contexts, make it possible to modulate a response system that adheres to the real impact of the scenario. The authors, based on the model results and on the evidence provided by the case study, determine the various countermeasures to adopt to mitigate the impact for the population and to reduce the risk factors for the first responders.

Design and Development of Children's Calibration Phantoms for Whole and Mobile Body Counters

Abstract The experiences from several past radiological accidents (e.g., Fukushima Daiichi, Chernobyl, and Goiania) have shown that not only occupationally radiation-exposed adults but also children of all age groups can be affected by such an accident. Moreover, in asymmetric conflicts, children could possibly be affected by the explosion of a radiological dispersal device. Whole-body counting facilities all over the world are well prepared to measure children and adults but suffer in the case of newly born babies and toddlers owing to a lack of corresponding calibrations. A series of calibration phantoms representative of adult persons and larger children is commercially available or can be constructed from easily accessible materials, but for newly born and children up to 20 kg, only very few phantoms have been described which approximate the infantile body, and only very roughly. The aim of this work was to improve the current unsatisfactory situation. Two main steps toward achieving this aim included the compilation of anthropomorphic data for children and the construction of a modular set of calibration phantoms for the weight classes between 3 and 20 kg from simple, readily accessible, and cheap materials. The phantoms are made from commercially available freezer packs, which can be filled with a radionuclide solution. By using calibrations based on these purposely-built realistic weight class phantoms, internal radioactive contamination in children can be assessed more reliably than would be otherwise possible with the standard adult phantom calibrations.

Study of dust cloud behaviour in the modified Hartmann tube using the image subtraction method (ISM)

A dispersion of fine particles in the air is needed for a dust explosion to occur since an explosion is the fast combustion of particles in the air. When particles are poorly dispersed, agglomerated, or their concentration is low, the combustion velocity decreases, and deflagration would not occur. The combustion rate is strictly related to dust concentration. Therefore, the maximum explosion pressure rise occurs at dust concentration close to stoichiometric. Conversely, Minimum Explosion Concentration (MEC) is the lower limit at which self-sustained combustion and a pressure rise are possible. Dust explosion tests are designed to reproduce the dispersion and generation of dust clouds in industrial ambiences by using dispersion devices activated by pressurised air pulses. The resulting dust cloud, which has a marked transient character, is considered representative of real clouds by current standards. Over time, several studies have been carried out to optimise these devices (e.g. to reduce the inhomogeneity of the cloud in the 20 L sphere). The Minimum Ignition Energy (MIE) of dust is measured using the Mike3 modified Hartmann tube, where the ignition attempt is made 60–180 ms after dust dispersion regardless of dust characteristics.This work investigates the dust clouds’ actual behaviour inside the modified Hartmann tube before ignition using high-velocity video movies and a new image post-treatment method called Image Subtraction Method (ISM). Movies are recorded with high-speed cameras at a framerate of 2000 fps and elaborated with an on-purpose developed LabVIEW® code. Concentration (mass per volume) and dispersion pressure are varied to evaluate their effect on dust clouds. Maise starch, iron powder and silica powder are chosen to investigate the effect of particle density and size on the cloud structure and turbulence. This approach will help to investigate the structure of the dust cloud, the shape and size of the particle lumps and the change in dust concentration over time. In addition, information on the actual concentration and cloud turbulence at the ignition location and delay time were obtained, which may help identify the local turbulence scale and widen the characterisation of the cloud generated in the Hartmann tube.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Participation in Cobalt Magnet National-Level Radiological Exercise.

Since September 11, 2001, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has increased efforts to prepare the agency and public health partners for response to potential nuclear/radiological disasters. During the week of May 16-20, 2022, the CDC participated in a national-level radiological emergency exercise, Cobalt Magnet 22 (CM22). The exercise scenario consisted of a notional, failed search mission for a radiological dispersal device (RDD, "dirty bomb"), followed by its explosion during a public event in a large US city. Testing radioanalytical laboratory capabilities during a nuclear/radiological incident was an exercise objective, and developing clear messaging on low-dose exposure and long-term health concerns was a primary output of the exercise. The CDC practiced its activation protocols, exercised the establishment of its updated Incident Management System structure for radiation emergencies, and identified critical staffing needs for this type of response.

Risk Analysis and Evaluation of Nuclear Security Radiation Events in Spent Fuel Reprocessing Plants

Spent fuel reprocessing is of great significance to the nuclear fuel cycle and the sustainable development of nuclear energy. At the same time, nuclear security radiation incidents in the spent fuel reprocessing plant are also related to national personal and property safety, which play a pivotal role. In this paper, the spent fuel reprocessing plant is divided into four plant areas: the main process area, the three-waste area, the auxiliary equipment area, and the pre-plant area, which are further subdivided into 12 evaluation units. The expert scoring method is used to score and evaluate the possibility of eight basic nuclear accident types in each area, namely radioactive dispersal device, computer nuclear security, destruction of nuclear facilities, transportation nuclear security, internal threat, potential threat, illegal transfer, and theft. According to the professional titles, length of service, education and other qualifications of experts, different weights are assigned to the experts. The scoring results are applied to the Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) of nuclear security events as the probability of basic events, so as to obtain the risk of each basic event. At the same time, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and probability–mathematical statistics method are used to evaluate each evaluation unit to determine the risk of each evaluation unit and the plant area. There results show that the main process area has the highest risk degree, while the pre-plant area has the lowest risk degree, and there is a 1.5-fold relationship. This research provides theoretical and technical support for the safety management and operation of spent fuel reprocessing plants. The analysis results of this paper can be used as a reference for the proportion of nuclear security protection improvements in each plant area, so as to achieve an efficient safety protection effect. The research method in this paper can be also applicable to other similar places by providing as input the corresponding probability of occurrence to obtain the index of its risk degree, so as to reasonably allocate funds and manpower and reduce risks.

Blockchain‐based multi‐layered federated extreme learning networks in connected vehicles

AbstractIntelligent and networked vehicles help build an efficient vehicular network's infrastructure. The widespread use of electronic software exposes these networks to cyber‐attacks. Intrusion detection systems (IDS) are useful for preventing vehicle network assaults. IDS have been customized using machine and deep learning networks for greater real‐time performance. Current learning‐based intrusion detection systems demand substantial processing capabilities to train and update intricate training models in vehicular devices, resulting in decreased efficiency and ability to defend against assaults. This study presents Blockchain‐based Multi‐Layer Federated Extreme Learning Machines (MLFEM) enabled IDS (BEF‐IDS) for safe data transfers. The proposed IDS leverages federated learning to generate Multi‐Layered Extreme Learning Machines, which are offloaded to dispersed vehicular edge devices such as Road‐Side Units (RSU) and connected vehicles. This federated strategy decreases resource use without sacrificing security. Blockchain technology records and shares training models, assuring network security. Using real‐time data sets, the suggested algorithm's performance under different attack scenarios were extensively tested. The suggested method obtained 98% accuracy and Recall, 97.9% Precision, and 97.9% F1 Score performance, which suggests it's incredibly secure and costs very little to transmit.

Quantifying Agglomerate-to-Wall Impaction in Dry Powder Inhalers.

The probability of agglomerate-to-wall collision was quantified using a unique image processing technique applied to high-speed microscopic images. The study aimed to investigate the effects of flow rate and particle size on the percentage of colliding agglomerates detected within an in-house powder dispersion device. The device consists of a swirl chamber and two tangential inlets in various configurations, designed to emulate the geometric features of commercial devices such as the Aerolizer® and Osmohaler®. The test cases were conducted with constant flow rates of 30 SLPM and 60 SLPM. Four powder samples were tested, including carrier Respitose® SV010 (median volume diameter 104µm, span 1.7) and mannitol of three constituent primary particle sizes (3µm, 5µm and 7µm; span 1.6 - 1.9). At the lower flow rate of 30 SLPM, collision frequencies were significantly different between powders of different constituent particle sizes, but the effects of powder properties diminished on increasing the flow rate to 60 SLPM. At the higher flow rate, all powders experienced a significant increase in the proportion of colliding particles. Analysis of collision events showed that the probability of collision for each agglomerate increased with agglomerate diameter and velocity. Experimental data of agglomerate-to-wall collision were utilised to develop a logistic regression model that can accurately predict collisions with various powders and flow rates.

Corneal endothelium protection provided by ophthalmic viscosurgical devices during phacoemulsification: experimental study in rabbit eyes.

To compare the protection of the corneal endothelium provided by a cohesive and a dispersive ophthalmic viscosurgical device (OVD) against damage from torsional ultrasound and simulated lenticular debris during phacoemulsification. University setting, Salt Lake City, Utah. Experimental study. 15 New Zealand rabbits were included. After incision, each eye received cohesive or dispersive OVD (ProVisc or Viscoat). 10 1.0 mm beads were injected to simulate lenticular debris. The Intrepid Balanced tip (Centurion Ozil handpiece) was inserted into the anterior chamber, and 60% torsional ultrasound with 50 mL/min flow, 70 mm Hg intraocular pressure, and 600 mm Hg vacuum was applied (20 seconds). Cumulative dissipated energy (CDE) was noted. After euthanasia and enucleation, corneas were removed, stained with trypan blue/alizarin red, and photographed (5 ×400 magnification photos and 1 overview photograph from each cornea). ImageJ was used to evaluate cell damage and loss. CDE was 4.70 ± 0.26 and 4.64 ± 0.10 in the cohesive and dispersive OVD groups, respectively ( P = .8647). The analysis of the ×400 photographs showed that the percentage of intact cells was statistically higher in the dispersive OVD group ( P = .0002), whereas the percentages of damaged and lost cells were statistically higher in the cohesive OVD group ( P = .0002 and .0059, respectively). Overview photographs revealed the presence of residual OVD on the endothelium, especially in the dispersive group. In this experimental study using a rabbit model, the corneal endothelium protection provided by the dispersive OVD was superior to that provided by the cohesive OVD.

Cognitive bias and selected atmospheric parameters may severely influence the threat perception in a radiological disaster

The increasing application of nuclear technology worldwide raises the associated risks of such technology being used for harm. This study shows how an urban area affected by a radiological threat can experience the influence of the coupling of cognitive biases and apparently independent environmental variables. The simulated scenario considers the deliberate release of radioactive material over an inhabited urban area through a radiological dispersion device (RDD). The simulation was performed using the computer code HotSpot Health Physics version 3.1.2. A conservative assessment of the situation in its initial phase is developed to better support early decision-making. The influence of human factors through cognitive bias were considered based on the Dunning-Kruger (DK) effect. The results suggest that local atmospheric stability factors and the DK specific coefficients coupling effects should be emphatically considered in the decision process at this early stage. It was also found that there is a coupling between environmental variables and human factors in the perception of radiological risk. The conservative perspective adopted leads to courses of action that can make better use of available resources. Conducting frequent studies, building exercises based on simulated scenarios and testing decision-makers’ capabilities are measures of fundamental importance to improve the effectiveness of response plans.

A feasibility study using sodium alginate injection for penetrating abdominal trauma in a swine model

Penetrating abdominal injury is a major cause of death in trauma. Sodium alginate hydrogel, a hemostatic agent, offers a platform for targeting both mechanical and biological injuries. The current study assessed the effect of Very Low Viscosity (high) G (VLVG) alginate following abdominal trauma in a swine model of penetrating abdominal injury. Seven anesthetized pigs were instrumented with invasive monitoring catheters and abdominal trauma was introduced by laparoscopic hepatectomy. Ten minutes after the induction of hypovolemic shock, three animals were intra-abdominally administered with VLVG alginate (study group) and four animals with saline (control group). During 8 h of continuous monitoring, various hemodynamic and biochemical variables were measured and liver biopsies for histological evaluation were taken. Hemodynamically, VLVG alginate-treated animals were more stable than controls, as reflected by their lower heart rate and higher blood pressure (p < 0.05 for both). They also had lower levels of liver enzymes and lactate, and less histopathological damage. We show that VLVG alginate might be a promising new agent for reducing penetrating intra-abdominal injury, with hemostatic and biocompatibility efficiency, and tissue preserving properties. Future effort of integrating it with a dispersal device may turn it into a valuable pre-hospital emergency tool to improve survival of trauma casualties.

Design and Dispersion Calibration of Direct-Vision Push-Broom Compressive Double-Amici-Prism Hyperspectral Imager

The design and calibration of the dispersive device in a hyperspectral imager significantly affect the performance of hyperspectral imaging, especially the spectral accuracy. To achieve high-accuracy hyperspectral imaging over the visible band, firstly, the geometric and dispersive parameters of the double Amici prism (DAP) that serves as a dispersive device in the direct-vision push-broom compressive hyperspectral imager (PBCHI) are designed and optimized; secondly, a calibration method based on the numerical calculation of the DAP model is put forward, which can turn the conventional pixel-wise dispersive shift calibration by a monochromator into a group of numerical calculations; lastly, a PBCHI prototype is built to test the performances of the designed and calibrated DAP and the hyperspectral imager. The calibration experiments demonstrate that the mean squared error (MSE) of the dispersive pixel shifts calibrated by the proposed numerical method is 0.1774, which indicates the calibration result of the proposed method is consistent with the directly calibrated result. Furthermore, after this numerical calculation, the spectral signatures of the reconstructed cubes of the DAP-based PBCHI system show consistency with the ground truth. This work will benefit the design and calibration of the DAP-based hyperspectral imager.