Positional Disorder Research Articles

Disorder fosters chimera in an array of motile particles.

We consider an array of nonlocally coupled oscillators on a ring, which for equally spaced units possesses a Kuramoto-Battogtokh chimera regime and a synchronous state. We demonstrate that disorder in oscillators positions leads to a transition from the synchronous to the chimera state. For a static (quenched) disorder we find that the probability of synchrony survival depends on the number of particles, from nearly zero at small populations to one in the thermodynamic limit. Furthermore, we demonstrate how the synchrony gets destroyed for randomly (ballistically or diffusively) moving oscillators. We show that, depending on the number of oscillators, there are different scalings of the transition time with this number and the velocity of the units.

Occupational position and alcohol use disorders in Poland.

The following analysis covers the role of the occupational structure in the prevalence of alcohol use disorders (AUDs). The authors investigated whether the occupational position affected the prevalence of AUDs among men and women, and how this relationship varied in lifetime and past year periods. Data were taken from the General Population Survey on Mental Health in Poland (EZOP) utilizing the Composite International Diagnostic Interview questionnaire (N = 2806). Binary and multiple regression models were employed to assess the risk of AUDs adjusted for the occupational structure and socio-demographic variables. The occupational position affects the prevalence of AUDs in men, while it has no impact on AUDs in women. Skilled and non-skilled workers suffer from AUDs to a greater extent than those in higher occupational positions. However, the risk of alcohol harm in women seems to be equally distributed across the occupational structure. The uneven pattern of alcohol harm in men and women can be possibly explained by shifting working conditions and work environments, as well as traditional gender roles affecting alcohol behaviors. The findings of the study support further development of the occupational position concept in alcohol research. The problem of harmful alcohol drinking in women across the occupational structure warrants a more in-depth inquiry. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2021;34(5):591-602.

Emergent hydrodynamics in a strongly interacting dipolar spin ensemble.

Conventional wisdom holds that macroscopic classical phenomena naturally emerge from microscopic quantum laws1-7. However, despite this mantra, building direct connections between these two descriptions has remained an enduring scientific challenge. In particular, it is difficult to quantitatively predict the emergent 'classical' properties of a system (for example, diffusivity, viscosity and compressibility) from a generic microscopic quantum Hamiltonian7-14. Here we introduce a hybrid solid-state spin platform, where the underlying disordered, dipolar quantum Hamiltonian gives rise to the emergence of unconventional spin diffusion at nanometre length scales. In particular, the combination of positional disorder and on-site random fields leads to diffusive dynamics that are Fickian yet non-Gaussian15-20. Finally, by tuning the underlying parameters within the spin Hamiltonian via a combination of static and driven fields, we demonstrate direct control over the emergent spin diffusion coefficient. Our work enablesthe investigationof hydrodynamics in many-body quantum spin systems.

Long-Range Interactions Boost Singlet Exciton Diffusion in Nanofibers of π-Extended Polymer Chains

Raising the distance covered by singlet excitons during their lifetimes to values maximizing light absorption (a few hundred nm) would solve the exciton diffusion bottleneck issue and lift the constraint for fine (∼10 nm) phase segregation in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells. In that context, the recent report of highly ordered conjugated polymer nanofibers featuring singlet exciton diffusion length, LD, in excess of 300 nm is both appealing and intriguing [Jin, X.; et al. Science 2018, 360 (6391), 897-900]. Here, on the basis of nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that singlet exciton diffusion in poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) fibers is highly sensitive to the interplay between delocalization along the polymer chains and long-range interactions along the stacks. Remarkably, the diffusion coefficient is predicted to rocket by 3 orders of magnitude when going beyond nearest-neighbor intermolecular interactions in fibers of extended (30-mer) polymer chains and to be resilient to interchain energetic and positional disorders.

Solid Solution Yb2-xCaxCdSb2: Structure, Thermoelectric Properties, and Quality Factor.

Solid solutions of Yb2-xAxCdSb2 (A = Ca, Sr, Eu; x ≤ 1) are of interest for their promising thermoelectric (TE) properties. Of these solid solutions, Yb2-xCaxCdSb2 has end members with different crystal structures. Yb2CdSb2 crystallizes in the polar space group Cmc21, whereas Ca2CdSb2 crystallizes in the centrosymmetric space group Pnma. Other solid solutions, Yb2-xAxCdSb2 (A = Sr, Eu), crystallize in the polar space group for x ≤ 1, and compositions with x ≥ 1 have not been reported. Both structure types are composed of corner-sharing CdSb4 tetrahedra condensed into sheets that differ by the stacking of the layers. Single crystals of the solid solution Yb2-xCaxCdSb2 (x = 0-1) were studied to elucidate the structural transition between the Yb2CdSb2 and Ca2CdSb2 structure types. For x ≤ 1, the structures remain in the polar space group Cmc21. As the Ca content is increased, a positional disorder arises in the intralayer cation sites (Yb2/Ca2) and the Cd site, resulting in inversion of the CdSb4 tetrahedral chain. This phenomenon could be indicative of an intergrowth of the opposing space group. The TE properties of polycrystalline samples of Yb2-xCaxCdSb2 (x ≤ 1) were measured from 300 to 525 K. The lattice thermal conductivity is extremely low (0.3-0.4 W/m·K) and the Seebeck coefficients are high (100-180 μV/K) across the temperature range. First-principles calculations show a minimum in the thermal conductivity for the x = 0.3 composition, in good agreement with experimental data. The low thermal conductivity stems from the acoustic branches being confined to low frequencies and a large number of phonon scattering channels provided by the localized optical branches. The TE quality factor of the Yb1.7A0.3CdSb2 (A = Ca, Sr, Eu) series has been calculated and predicts that the A = Ca and Sr solid solutions may not improve with carrier concentration optimization but that the Eu series is worthy of additional modifications. Overall, the x = 0.3 compositions provide the highest zT because they provide the best electronic properties with the lowest thermal conductivity.

Synthesis, characterization and DNA binding of four imidazo[4,5-f]1,10-phenanthroline derivatives

The synthesis and crystal structures of four imidazo[4,5- f ]1,10-phenanthroline type compounds, namely 2,6-(dimethoxypyridyl)imidazo[4,5- f ]1,10-phenanthroline monohydrate (C 20 H 17 N 5 O 3 ) 1a , (indole)imidazo[4,5- f ]1,10-phenanthroline ethanol monosolvate monohydrate (C 23 H 21 N 5 O 2 ) 2a , (benzo[b]thiophene)imidazo[4,5- f ]1,10-phenanthroline (C 21 H 12 N 4 S) 3 , and (4,5-dimethylthiophene)imidazo[4,5- f ]1,10-phenanthroline (C 19 H 14 N 4 S) 4 , are reported. The compounds were characterized in dimethyl sulfoxide- d 6 (DMSO- d 6 ) solution by 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy and in the solid-state by 13 C NMR spectroscopy using the cross-polarisation magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) technique. 1 H and 13 C liquid-state NMR spectra of 1 and 2 exhibit a sharpening of peaks upon heating, suggesting the presence of two tautomeric forms of 1 and 2 , this is confirmed by the presence of two distinct signals for the N-H protons in the 1 H spectra. This tautomeric effect was not observed in 3 and 4. 1a crystallised in the triclinic space group, P 1 ¯ with one molecule and one solvent water molecule in the asymmetric unit while 2a crystallised in the monoclinic space group, P 2 1 / c, with one molecule and two solvate molecules (CH 3 CH 2 OH and H 2 O) in the asymmetric unit. 3 and 4 both crystallised in the monoclinic space group, P 2 1 / n, each with one molecule in the asymmetric unit. 4 displays a positional disorder on the 4,5-thiophene moiety in a 60:40 ratio. When a drug candidate binds to DNA via intercalation, a hypochromic effect is observed in the spectra due to stabilised π-interactions between the base pairs of the DNA structure and the drug candidate. Contrastingly, if a drug candidate binds to DNA via electrostatic attraction, a hyperchromic effect is observed. The mode of binding as well as intrinsic binding constant (K b ) of 1a – 4 are reported herein. The spectra of 1a, 2a and 4 exhibit a hypochromic effect, thus interaction via π-interactions is suggested and the spectrum of 3 exhibits a hyperchromic shift, suggesting that the mode of binding of 3 occurs via electrostatic attraction. The K b values for 1a–4 range from 1.5 × 10 3 – 1.7 × 10 4 M −1 .

Ergonomic position and musculoskeletal disorders in Hasanuddin University Dental Hospital, Indonesia

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the single most common cause of long-term pain and disability affecting hundreds of millions of people, which have been reported to be work-related. Dentist is one of the professions with the highest risk of de-veloping this disease. This study aims to see the level of complaints, assess the musculoskeletal risk and attacks in students at the Hasanuddin University Dental Hospital. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 83 residents and dental interns. A struc-tured questionnaire was employed to gather data, the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), Rapid Entire Body As-sessment (REBA) and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), Quick Exposure Check (QEC). The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22) with Chi-Square significance and Pearson correlation test. Strong positive correlation was found between the existing incidence and risk (r=0.832) and there was a very significant relationship between incidence and MSDs (p<0.01). It was concluded that there is a relationship between ergonomic position and musculoskeletal disorders in students at HUDH. The high prevalence of MSDs and the high level of risk, as well as the attack rate based on REBA and QEC indicate im-proper and incorrect ergonomic posture habits.

Criteria for evaluation of educational achievements of primary school students with positional disorders in physical education lessons

The article substantiates the need to assess the success of junior high school students in physical education classes. The system of pedagogical control of coordination abilities of junior schoolchildren with postural disorders is presented, which objectively reflects the health effectiveness of physical education lessons in grades 1-4 and determines the quality of the process of motor training of students with musculoskeletal pathology. Given that coordination abilities and posture are interrelated, because since the mechanism of their development involves the same morphofunctional and psychophysiological indicators of the body, and informative strength and flexibility in forming a stereotype of posture, criteria for assessing the development of coordination skills, and as well as control tests and standards for assessing the strength of the muscular corset and flexibility of the spine of primary school children with posture defects. The choice of motor tests is related to the focus of exercise on the development of coordination skills, and also takes into account the informativeness of the strength of the muscular corset and the mobility of the spine. Objective criteria for assessing the academic achievements of students with postural disorders in physical education classes: in the motivational, cognitive and activity spheres are determined. There are three levels of academic achievement of student youth: low, medium, high. In an effort to achieve complete certainty in the establishment of a particular level, qualitative characteristics have been developed that allow to objectively assess the health effects of physical education lessons for students with posture defects.

Dopant induced anomalous field dependent mobility behavior of poly(3-octylthiophene) devices

Temperature dependent DC current-voltage (I-V) down to 50 K and field-dependent AC impedance measurements were carried out to study the electric field and temperature dependence of charge carrier mobility in Poly(3-octylthiophene) based metal/polymer/metal device structures of different charge carrier concentrations. In highly doped device, a negative field-dependent mobility (NFDM) which vanishes below 150 K was observed whereas a positive field-dependent mobility (PFDM) was observed in moderately doped devices. The observed NFDM is attributed to the low energetic disorder and high positional disorder in the highly doped devices. With further lowering of carrier concentration, charge carrier mobility first decreases with the increase in applied field attaining a minimum value and then increases with the applied field. At higher temperatures (T>150K), all the three devices show thermally-activated process and activation energy increases with lowering the charge carrier concentrations indicating that doping level plays important role in thermally activated transport mechanism. However, in lower temperature (T<100K), activation energy is almost independent of doping level suggesting that injected carrier plays an important role in the lower temperature region. Data from AC impedance measurement also supports the field-dependent mobility model of conduction mechanism in the devices. Analysis of the AC impedance data of the three devices reveals that the equivalent circuit of highly and moderately doped devices is different from that of the low carrier concentration device. The presence of highly energetic disorder in low carrier concentration devices is also confirmed from AC impedance analysis.

2/1 and 1/1 cubic approximants in the ternary R-Cd-Mg (R = Y, Er) systems

The atomic structures of three cubic approximants (cAPs), Y12.7Cd61.8Mg25.5 [2/1 cAP with space group Pa 3, a = 25.0654 (1) Å] and Er12.5Cd72.0Mg15.5 [2/1 cAP with Pa 3, a = 24.9658 (1) Å], and Y14.5Cd66.1Mg19.4 [1/1 cAP with Im 3, a = 15.4577 (1) Å], were investigated using X-ray structure analysis. The two 2/1 cAPs were found to be isostructural to the binary 2/1 cAP, YbCd5.8, which is composed of two building units, namely Tsai-type rhombic triacontahedron (RTH) cluster and double-Friauf polyhedron (DFP). The 1/1 cAP, in contrast, was found to be isostructural to the binary 1/1 cAP, YbCd6, which is composed solely of the RTH cluster. The refined structure models of the three cAPs exhibit substitutional disorders due to the Mg content that enters into Cd sites of the parent binary cAPs. In addition, in the 2/1 cAPs, the Y3(Er3) site on the third icosahedron shell of the RTH cluster and two positions inside DFP, Y5(Er5) sites, are partially mixed with Mg. Moreover, characteristic positional disorders owing to orientational disorder in the first shell of the RTH cluster is observed in all the three cAPs. A close relationship between the occupational disorder of the Y3(Er3) and Y5(Er5) sites in 2/1 cAPs and the elemental distribution in their first coordination shells is revealed.

Long-lived coherence in driven many-spin systems: from two to infinite spatial dimensions

Long-lived coherences, emerging under periodic pulse driving in the disordered ensembles of strongly interacting spins, offer immense advantages for future quantum technologies, but the physical origin and the key properties of this phenomenon remain poorly understood. We theoretically investigate this effect in ensembles of different dimensionality, and predict existence of the long-lived coherences in all such systems, from two-dimensional to infinite-dimensional (where every spin is coupled to all others with similar strength), which are of particular importance for quantum sensing and quantum information processing. We explore the transition from two to infinite dimensions, and show that the long-time coherence dynamics in all dimensionalities is qualitatively similar, although the short-time behavior is drastically different, exhibiting dimensionality-dependent singularity. Our study establishes the common physical origin of the long-lived coherences in different dimensionalities, and suggests that this effect is a generic feature of the strongly coupled spin systems with positional disorder. Our results lay out foundation for utilizing the long-lived coherences in a range of application, from quantum sensing with two-dimensional spin ensembles, to quantum information processing with the infinitely-dimensional spin systems in the cavity-QED settings.

The employee productivity associated with work position and musculoskeletal disorders among tailors in the PT. Uluwatu Garment

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are known to be one of the factors that affect the level of productivity among employees,especially tailors. Aim: This study aims to determine the correlation between the work position and musculoskeletal disorders which affect productivity among tailors. Methods: The cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 65 samples. The data were collected by using the quick eksposure check questionnaire (QEC) and the nordic body map (NBM) questionnaire. The results were then analysed using the normality test by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The correlation analysis and regression analysis was applied to determine the extent of the relationship between the two variables. Results: The data from the QEC questionnaire showed the ergonomic position of the sample was in the safe category (53.8%). The NBM questionnaire data found the samples’ complaints of musculoskeletal disorders are in the low category (52.3%). The results of the normality test showed p 0.05. The linear regression test showed the result of the correlation coefficient for musculoskeletal disorders -0.174. This research concludes that partially, musculoskeletal disorders affect work productivity. The level of musculoskeletal disorders was low because it was impacted by workload weight and posture balance. Skills and work experience also impacted the level of work productivity. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is there was no significant correlation between the work position and musculoskeletal disorders with work productivity for tailors in PT. Uluwatu.

Non-Covalent Interactions in the Biphenyl Crystal: Is the Planar Conformer a Transition State?

A combined experimental and theoretical study of the biphenyl (BP) crystal is presented. The X-ray diffraction data collected at 100 K were subjected to Hirshfeld atom and multipole refinements of the electron density, ρ(r). A theoretical exploration of the potential energy surface (PES) of the crystal was also carried out. This investigation challenges the common assumption that the planar structure of BP in the phase I crystal is an average of two twisted configurations in a double-well potential. The theoretical computations provide compelling evidence that this structure corresponds to a minimum on the PES hence to a stable molecular arrangement. Consistently, the experiment showed no evidence of positional or dynamic disorder. The intramolecular hydrogen-hydrogen bonds detected are not repulsive. The topological analysis of the experimental and theoretical ρ(r) reveals that both the intra- and intermolecular H⋅⋅⋅H and the C-H⋅⋅⋅π contacts stabilize the BP crystal.

Crystal and electronic structures of the new ternary silicide Sc12Co41.8Si30.2

Sc12Co41.8Si30.2 was prepared from the elements by arc melting under argon and subsequent tempering at 800 ​°C for 350 ​h. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals Sc12Co41.8Si30.2 to crystallize in a new hexagonal structure type: Pearson's symbol (PS) hP168, space group P6/mmm, a ​= ​17.291(1), c ​= ​8.0293(8) Å. The crystal structure is formed of three types of atomic layers along the [001] direction – two flat at z ​= ​0 and z ​= ​0.5 and one corrugated at z ​= ​0.16–0.33 and z ​= ​0.67–0.84, shows a substantial degree of positional and occupational disorder and close structural relationships to a series of hexagonal structures with PS hP164–hP171. Quantum chemical calculations have been performed to analyze the electronic structure and provide deeper insight into the structure-property relationships. The quantum chemical calculation indicates that the material features both two-center, two-electron localized bonding and multi-center multi-electron delocalized bonding.

Crystal structure and computational study of an oxo-bridged bis-titanium(III) complex.

The solid-state structure of the new compound μ-oxido-bis[dichloridotris(tetrahydrofuran-κO)titanium(III)], [Ti2Cl4O(C4H8O)6], at 150 K has been determined. The crystal has monoclinic (C2/c) symmetry and the complex features C2 symmetry about the bridging O atom. Positional disorder is evident in one of the three tetrahydrofuran environments. A post-Hartree-Fock computational analysis indicates that the complex has nearly degenerate triplet and singlet spin states, with the former favoured slightly by ca 2 kJ mol-1.

Exploring Aliovalent Substitutions in the Lithium Halide Superionic Conductor Li3–xIn1–xZrxCl6 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5)

In recent years, ternary halides Li3MX6 (M = Y, Er, In; X = Cl, Br, I) have garnered attention as solid electrolytes due to their wide electrochemical stability window and favorable room-temperature conductivities. In this material class, the influences of iso- or aliovalent substitutions are so far rarely studied in depth, despite this being a common tool for correlating structure and transport properties. In this work, we investigate the impact of Zr substitution on the structure and ionic conductivity of Li3InCl6 (Li3–xIn1–xZrxCl6 with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) using a combination of neutron diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance, and impedance spectroscopy. The analysis of high-resolution diffraction data shows the presence of an additional tetrahedrally coordinated lithium position together with a cation-site disorder, both of which have not been reported previously for Li3InCl6. This Li+ position and cation disorder lead to the formation of a three-dimensional lithium-ion diffusion channel, instead of the expected two-dimensional diffusion. Upon Zr4+ substitution, the structure exhibits nonuniform volume changes along with an increasing number of vacancies, all of which lead to increasing ionic conductivity in this series of solid solutions.

Disorder enhanced quantum many-body scars in Hilbert hypercubes

We consider a model arising in facilitated Rydberg chains with positional disorder which features a Hilbert space with the topology of a $d$-dimensional hypercube. This allows for a straightforward interpretation of the many-body dynamics in terms of a single particle one on the Hilbert space and provides an explicit link between the many-body and single particle scars. Exploiting this perspective, we show that an integrability-breaking disorder enhances the scars followed by inhibition of the dynamics due to strong localization of the eigenstates in the large disorder limit. Next, mapping the model to the spin-1/2 XX Heisenberg chain offers a simple geometrical perspective on the recently proposed Onsager scars [PRL ${\bf 124}$, 180604 (2020)], which can be identified with the scars on the edge of the Hilbert space. This makes apparent the origin of their insensitivity to certain types of disorder perturbations.

Bistable Hofmann-Type FeII Spin-Crossover Two-Dimensional Polymers of 4-Alkyldisulfanylpyridine for Prospective Grafting of Monolayers on Metallic Surfaces.

Aiming at investigating the suitability of Hofmann-type two-dimensional (2D) coordination polymers {FeII(Lax)2[MII(CN)4]} to be processed as single monolayers and probed as spin crossover (SCO) junctions in spintronic devices, the synthesis and characterization of the MII derivatives (MII = Pd and Pt) with sulfur-rich axial ligands (Lax = 4-methyl- and 4-ethyl-disulfanylpyridine) have been conducted. The thermal dependence of the magnetic and calorimetric properties confirmed the occurrence of strong cooperative SCO behavior in the temperature interval of 100–225 K, featuring hysteresis loops 44 and 32.5 K/21 K wide for PtII-methyl and PtII/PdII-ethyl derivatives, while the PdII-methyl derivative undergoes a much less cooperative multistep SCO. Excluding PtII-methyl, the remaining compounds display light-induced excited spin-state trapping at 10 K with TLIESST temperatures in the range of 50–70 K. Single-crystal studies performed in the temperature interval 100–250 K confirmed the layered structure and the occurrence of complete transformation between the high- and low-spin states of the FeII center for the four compounds. Strong positional disorder seems to be the source of elastic frustration driving the multistep SCO observed for the PdII-methyl derivative. It is expected that the peripheral disulfanyl groups will favor anchoring and growing of the monolayer on gold substrates and optimal electron transport in the device.

Identifying the predictors of turnover intention based on psychosocial factors of nurses during the COVID-19 outbreak.

AimsBecause of the direct contact nurses have with patients, they are exposed to more stressful events during the outbreak of infectious diseases, which increases their turnover intention, highly impacting not only nurses, but also patients and organizations. The present study aimed to identify the predictors of turnover intention based on psychosocial factors in nurses of Ardabil pre‐hospital emergency and educational and medical centres during the COVID‐19 outbreak.DesignThe present descriptive‐analytical study was conducted in June, 2020.MethodsA total of 479 nurses working in Ardabil pre‐hospital emergency and educational and medical centres to fight COVID‐19 were recruited for this study using the census method. Data were collected using the Demographic Information Questionnaire, Turnover Intention Questionnaire, Weiss & Marmar Impact of Event Scale‐Revised (IES‐R), General Health Questionnaire (12 C‐GHQ) and Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). Data were analysed with SPSSv.22 software using correlation, t test, analysis of variance, multiple regression and descriptive tests.ResultsThe mean turnover intention score of nurses was 41.73 with a standard deviation of 12.11. The results of correlation coefficient revealed a positive relationship between PTSD, general health, job demand and job strain with turnover intention (p ≤ .01) and a positive and significant relationship between social support and turnover intention (p ≤ .01). Multiple regression analysis showed that the variables of gender, marital status, work position, decision latitude, social support, job strain, general health and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were predictors of turnover intention.ConclusionJob stressors during the COVID‐19 outbreak have led to an increase in nurses’ turnover intention. Identifying and managing the factors related to job stressors will make it possible to prevent nurses’ turnover intention in such critical situations.

Cryogenic heat capacity measurements and thermodynamic analysis of lithium aluminum layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with intercalated chloride

Abstract Lithium aluminum chloride layered double hydroxide ([Li-Al-Cl] LDH) sorbents selectively recover lithium from geothermal brines, paving the way for increased domestic production of lithium for rechargeable batteries. In this work, cryogenic heat capacity measurements (CP) were performed from 1.8 to 300 K on several undoped and Fe-doped [Li-Al-Cl] LDH samples with a generalized compositions Li1–xAl2(OH)6Cl1–x (undoped) and LixFeyAl2–y(OH)6Clx (Fe-doped). Thermodynamic functions were generated from these measurements, and values of S298.15○ are reported based on both the CP measurements and configurational entropy (Sconfig○) arising from positional disorder in the layered structure. These results are combined with previous enthalpy of formation (ΔHf○) measurements to calculate the Gibbs energy of formation (ΔGf○) for the samples. In these samples, a higher water content results in a less negative ΔGf○ when doped and undoped samples are considered separately. Limited iron substitution for aluminum results in the most negative ΔGf○, but a larger dopant amount destabilizes the LDH structure. One of the samples had an anomaly in the heat capacity from 210 to 300 K, which is likely related to the movement of water in the structure due to the large H2O/Cl− ratio and the presence of vacancies in the interlayer where H2O resides. This indicates that the interactions between these species in the interlayer play an important role in stabilizing the LDH structure, and this effect should be further studied using different water/anion ratios.